JP2000160579A - Stone wall restoring construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of preparing a structural drawing and a construction supervision drawing for restoring an existing stone wall such as an ashlar orderly layering stacking structure to an initial shape of construction. SOLUTION: A shape of the stone wall surface S, a horizontal base line R, coordinates of the immovable edge of a stone wall and a dimension of the surface side end surface of respective stones are measured, and after recording internal arrangement of the stone wall of the stones, the stone wall is disassembled. The stones are temporarily arranged along the base line R and a trial inclined line Ki in close vicinity to an inclined line Ei of the existing stone wall surface on a vertical plane XZi at a prescribed point Ri on the immovable edge, a contour line Lj of a temporary arrangement continuous plane is projected on a horizontal plane, and while keeping the length of the trial inclined line Ki constant, a shape of the trial inclined line Ki is adjusted to determine a trial inclined line Ki such as parallelizing projection of the horizontal plane of the contour line Lj to use this as a design inclined line Mi. The stones after disassembling are layered on the stone wall restoring surface decided by the design inclined line Mi to reconstruct the stone wall.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of restoring an stone wall, and more particularly to a method of restoring an existing stone wall constructed by a field pile method, a piercing method, a piercing method, and the like. About.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Three types of construction methods are used for stone walls of Japanese castles. Referring to FIG. 6, first, the open area construction method shown in FIG. 6A is to pile natural stones as they are, and then the driving method shown in FIG. 6B uses partially processed stone materials. Thirdly, the notch connection method shown in FIG. 3C uses a stone material that has been entirely processed. In particular, the feature of the notch connection method is
The mechanism that allows the joint to pass through, and the steepness is steeper than the stone wall made by other construction methods, requires extremely high precision. The stonewalls with cut stone stacks were built around the 17th century, and the scenery built using the above features to harmonize with the surrounding castles is precious.

[0003] In the perspective view of FIG. 7 showing the principle of masonry in a stone wall 1 having a cut stone layered structure, each stone 2 is so arranged that the peripheral edge of the front side end surface 3 is in close contact with the peripheral edge of the front side end surface 3 of the surrounding stone 2. It has been processed. Here, "close" means that the stone front surface end surfaces 3 of the adjacent stone materials 2 are kept in contact with each other without filling the joints between the front surface end surfaces 3 thereof. In the case of FIG. 7, the stone surface S1-1 to S5-5, which is 25 surfaces, is a stone wall surface (hereinafter simply referred to as a stone wall) surrounded by left and right side edges 4L and 4R, a top edge 5 and a bottom edge 6. The surface is defined.) S is defined. The back side of each stone 2 is fixed in place by pebbles 8 and cobblestones 9.

[0004]

The stone wall 1 of the cut-stone layered structure, which is precisely constructed in this way, is also extruded by the force of the collapse of the inner soil for almost 400 years. As a result, the stone wall surface S is swollen and the appearance is impaired, many stones 2 are cracked, and damaged stones 2 also appear. If left untouched, there is a risk of collapse soon, so repair is necessary.

On the other hand, in an area where a precious stone wall 1 exists, a cultural property survey may be conducted in parallel with the restoration of the stone wall 1, and together with other survey items, reproduction and handing down of the stone wall construction technology related to the construction of a castle, etc. Attempting to do so is also being considered. The purpose of the cultural property survey is to dismantle the existing stone wall 1 once, move all the stone materials 2 to another place, investigate the underground area inside and outside the stone wall, backfill the soil, and reassemble the stone 2 In some cases, the stone wall 1 must be rebuilt. For this reconstruction, it is necessary to grasp the shape of the stone wall at the time of the first castle construction or construction.

However, there are no documents such as blueprints relating to the construction of the stone wall several hundred years old, and it is extremely difficult to know the details of the stone wall shape at the time of the first construction from the literature.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for creating a structural diagram and a construction management diagram for restoring an existing stone wall, such as a cut stone layered structure, to its original shape in order to solve the above difficulties. It is in.

[0008]

In order to solve the problems of the prior art and achieve the above object, the present inventor focused on the following points. The existing stonewalls with a layered stack of cut stones are described below, but the following items are also substantially similar for existing stonewalls of other structures constructed by the open area construction method, the driving method, the notch method, etc. It is thought that it is established in the future.

Assumptions (1) The stone 2 has no aging deformation. Even if the stone material 2 is extruded due to the force to collapse the soil and the stone wall surface S expands, the stone material 2 itself is presumed to be mechanically and chemically strong and difficult to deform. (2) A reference line R (see FIGS. 1, 5, and 7) exists on the stone wall surface S. In the illustrated example, a horizontal straight line is used as the reference line R,
The reference line R is not limited to this example. (3) There is an immovable edge 7 on the stone wall surface S which does not change over time. The edges at the corners of the two or more stone walls 1 as shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 9 are substantially based on the fact that they are a timber building structure in which large stone materials 2 are intricate and actual measurement results. It can be estimated that the stationary edge 7 has no aging.

Reconstruction Procedure A. Determination of Coordinate and Posture of Stone 2 by Drawing (A) The position and posture of each stone 2 in the reconstruction can be determined by the coordinates and inclination of the front end surface 3 of the stone 2. Since each stone 2 was present in the existing stone wall 1 by laminating the cut stones in a layered manner, the stone 2 has a shape close to the adjacent stone 2 and the coordinates and inclination of the front side end surface 3 of the individual stone are determined by the stone wall. Even if it is determined or changed independently on the surface S within the range of adjustment along the trial inclination line Ki described later, it is presumed that the close relationship with the adjacent stone will not be affected.

(B) The reconstruction position of each stone 2 on the stone wall surface S depends on the stone arrangement sequence on the existing stone wall surface S (FIG. 3).
And the order shown by the number given to the stone material 2 of 7. ).

(C) An inclined line that intersects with the reference line R on the stone wall surface S, that is, a trial diagonal line Ki and a design type diagonal line Mi can be selected so as to be placed on the front end surface 3 of the stone material 2 (FIG. 7).
reference). 1 and 7, it is assumed that the reference line R is a horizontal straight line.

(D) On the front end face 3 of each stone 2, there is a line parallel to the portion of the reference line R corresponding to the stone 2. When the reference line R is a horizontal straight line and the stone front end face 3 is rectangular, the lateral edge of the stone front end face 3 is substantially horizontal.

(E) At the beginning of construction and during restoration, horizontal projections of contour lines Lj on the stone wall surface S at different vertical (Z-axis) heights Zj are parallel to each other. (The horizontal projection of the contour lines L ₁ , L ₂ , L ₃ , and L ₄ on the stone surface front end face 3 in FIG. 7 onto the XY plane in FIG. 7 and the contour lines L ₁ , L ₂ ,
See the horizontal projection of L ₃ , L ₄ , ... on the XY plane in the same figure. )

FIGS. 1A and 5A show XZ in elevation.
The vertical cross-sectional view of the plane is shown in a superimposed manner. This superposition will be described with reference to the perspective view of FIG. In this case, the shape of the stone surface S in the XZ plane passing through a point R ₀ on the reference line R which coincides with the Y-axis is represented by crossed lines M ₀ and the stone surface S and XZ plane. Front view of the YZ plane on the right side of FIG. 7 is superimposed on the front view and the cross-line M ₀ around the vertical line passing through the point R ₀ is rotated 90 °. The figure under side plan view that corresponds to the perspective view of FIG. 7, obtained by projecting the intersection of the intersection line M ₀ and contours Lj superimposed on the front view of the right side of the figure to a horizontal plane is shown. The superimposition of the vertical sectional view on the elevation view in FIG. 1A and FIG. 5A also uses the above-described 90 ° rotation superimposition method in FIG. However, in the vertical cross-sectional views of FIGS. 1 and 5, the scale in the vertical (Z) axis direction is about 10 times the horizontal (Y) axis direction, and a cross section expanded in the horizontal direction is shown.

B. Drawings and supporting members for rebuilding (f) When the stonewall surface S for rebuilding is determined, the top edge 5 and the lower edge 6 are uniquely determined, and a construction guide between the edges is provided. The reference inclined plane G (see FIG. 8) is determined. The reference sloping surface G can be used for siding installation for stone masonry construction management.

(G) At the time of construction, in order to obtain the position of the front end surface 3 of each stone 2 and the inclination M on the stone wall surface S,
A horizontal member (not shown) having a length equal to the horizontal distance from the reference inclined surface G to the front end surface 3 of the stone 2, that is, the offset D, and the horizontal member on the stone wall restoration surface obtained in the above “reconstruction procedure”. It is possible to use a support member (ruler) having a stone 2 and an oblique member (not shown) having an inclination M equal to the inclination of the corresponding portion.

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 5 and FIG. 7, in the method for repairing an existing stone wall 1 according to the present invention, the shape of the surface S of the existing stone wall and the length of the stone wall (Y The horizontal reference line R in the (axial) direction, the ground coordinates of one or more immovable edges 7 specific to the stone wall, and the shape and dimensions of the front side end surface 3 of each stone 2 are measured; After recording the stone numbers in FIGS. 3 and 7), the stone wall 1 is once dismantled; in order to determine the restoration position of each stone 2 at the time of stone wall reconstruction, the location on the reference line R and the fixed edge 7 is determined by drawing. Fixed point Ri
(I is an integer) the vertical plane XZi passing the reference line R and the fixed edge 7
The stone materials 2 connected to the predetermined point Ri are provisionally arranged along the smooth trial inclination line Ki (see FIG. 5) close to the inclination line Ei of the existing stone wall surface S, and the contour line Lj of the surface in which the provisional arrangement is continued (J is an integer) onto the horizontal plane, and the shape of the trial slope line Ki while maintaining the length of the trial slope line Ki at the sum of the lengths of all the stone materials 2 on the trial slope line Ki in the direction of the trial slope line Ki. Is adjusted to obtain a trial slope line Ki such that the contour line Lj projected on the horizontal plane is parallel, and this is determined as a design slope line Mi (see FIG. 1).
And stone 2 on the stone wall restoration surface determined by the design slope line Mi
Are laminated.

In the case where the existing stone wall has a layered stack of cut stones, the stone wall restoration method of the present invention is particularly effective for restoring the stone wall surface during construction.

CAD can be used to adjust the shape of the trial slope line Ki for obtaining the design slope line Mi of the restoration surface such that the plurality of contour lines projected on the horizontal plane are parallel.

[0021]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the stone wall restoration method according to the present invention will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. First, a ground coordinate axis is assigned to the stone wall 1. In this embodiment, the whole of the stone wall restoration method is performed by photogrammetry, on-site surveying, and three-dimensional CA.
D is divided into four stages: restoration study by D and construction management by three-dimensional CAD.

First, at the stage of photogrammetry, the length direction of the stone wall is set as the Y-axis, the height direction is set as the Z-axis, and the direction perpendicular to the stone wall surface S is set as the X-axis. The reference line R is provided horizontally at a portion near the top edge 5 of the stone wall surface S where the secular displacement is small. An elevation view as shown in FIG. 3 is created by photogrammetry. A 500 mm pitch coordinate line as shown in FIG. 4 is shaded to form an elevation mesh diagram.

Based on the result of the photogrammetry, an elevation view and a plan view as shown in FIG. 5 are created. A vertical sectional view is incorporated into the elevation view of FIG. 5A by the above-described 90 ° rotation superimposing method, and the current inclined line Ei is displayed. FIG. 5 (B)
In the Z-axis direction height of the surface connecting the inclined lines Ei
Contours L _{-1 at} 1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6 and -7,
Incorporate projections of L- ₂ , L- ₃ , L- ₄ , L- ₅ , L- ₆ and L- ₇ . The top view shows the contour lines L- ₁ , L- ₂ , L- ₃ , L- ₄ , L- ₅ , L- ₆ and L
_-7 indicates that a large movement, so-called "scissors", has occurred.

The feature of the stone wall 1 in the example of FIG. 5 is that a stone wall surface S surrounded by left and right side edges 4L and 4R, a top edge 5 and a lower edge 6 is formed, and near the top. A horizontal reference line R is set on the left side edge 4L of the solid stone 2 as shown in the perspective view of FIG. And the like. In this example, the left side edge 4L forms an immovable edge 7 that does not move from its original position for many years.

At the stage of the on-site survey, the current situation of the stone wall 1, particularly the current situation of the corner stone part, on which the photogrammetry was performed is confirmed on-site to grasp the current situation. In order to check the results of photogrammetry, to compensate for the limitations of accuracy in photogrammetry, the front end face of Ishigaki 3
The actual length between the left and right side edges 4L and 4R is measured on site and the process proceeds to the creation of a restoration map based on the measured values.

In the restoration examination stage using three-dimensional CAD, a site on the stone wall 1 where a longitudinal sectional view to be used for masonry construction management is to be created is selected. As shown in FIGS. 1 (A) and 5 (A), in the vicinity of a shape change point such as both ends of the stone wall 1 and a portion having an additional stone material at the top edge 5, the pitch (Y axis Direction spacing). Proceeding to the preparation of the stone wall restoration diagram, the condition that the horizontal projection of the contour lines Lj on the stone wall surface S described above is made parallel to each other, and the condition that the immovable edge 7 exists on the stone wall surface S after the restoration. The design slope line Mi of the restoration stone wall surface shown in FIG. For this reason, the setting change of the trial inclined line Ki of the repair surface shown in FIG. 5A and the examination of the parallelism of the contour line Lj of the repair surface shown in FIG. 5B are repeated by cut-and-try. First, a design inclination line Mi is obtained, and an elevation view, a plan view, and a vertical cross-sectional shape of the restoration stone wall are determined as shown in FIG.

The inventor of the present invention has used the shape of the trial slope line Ki used in the cut-and-try process, which is composed of three straight portions having different slopes, and determines the length and slope of each of the three straight portions. It has been experimentally found that it is effective to change the shape of the trial inclined line Ki, that is, to change the setting by changing it.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8, a masonry construction management sectional view showing the construction guide line Gi, the design slope line Mi, and the offset D between the construction guide line and the design slope line for each height Zj is prepared, and the stone wall restoration map And complete the construction control chart.

The restored stone wall thus obtained restores the immovable edges that are likely to retain its original shape and restores the parallelism of the stone wall surface contours that probably existed at the beginning of construction. It is presumed that it will be the original shape of the construction.

Therefore, the object of the present invention can be achieved the provision of the "method of creating a structural drawing and a construction control chart for restoring an existing stone wall such as a cut stone layered structure to its original shape". .

It is possible to use three-dimensional CAD in the above-described cut-and-try process and stonewall restoration process.

[0032]

EXAMPLE P ₄ in sectional view incorporating the elevational view of FIG. 1 and 5
Is a line that plays an auxiliary role in setting a trial slope line Ki for designing a stone wall restoration surface, and is not essential to the present invention.

The perspective view of the stone wall 1 shown in FIG. 2 is created by CAD using the data of the restored stone wall obtained as a result of the examination of the restoration by the three-dimensional CAD shown in the flowchart of FIG. The advantage of the repaired stone wall design by CAD is
Not only can a series of design drawings up to the construction control chart and construction control chart be obtained, but also a perspective view of the restored stone wall itself from various viewpoints, a landscape with castles and other structures and vegetation added, etc. It can be easily output as a three-dimensional drawing.

The inventor of the present invention dismantled a stone wall made of approximately 10,000 processed stones after storing the arrangement order of the stones in a computer and temporarily disassembled the front end surface shape of each stone to several tens points on the end surface. After that, the design drawing and the construction management drawing of the repaired surface were successfully created by CAD.

[0035]

As described above in detail, the stone wall restoration method according to the present invention is effective for existing stone wall such as a cut stone layered structure and the like at the time of construction and the position information of a fixed edge which does not change for many years. Since the repaired shape is designed according to the design conditions estimated as follows, the following remarkable effects are obtained.

(A) Existing stone walls, such as a cut stone layered structure, can be substantially restored to the original shape. (B) Structural drawings enable restoration of lost stone walls. (C) A high-precision stone wall restoration plan can be created in a short period of time at a relatively low cost. (D) Accurate construction control charts of the designed stone wall restoration surface can be quickly created. (E) Suitable for the use of CAD, it is possible to easily create a perspective view of a stone wall from a design drawing of a stone wall restoration surface, and to easily visualize a creative remodeling plan of a landscaping or other stone wall environment.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an elevation and plan view of an example of a restoration stone wall designed by the method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the stone wall illustrated in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a front view of an existing stone wall.

FIG. 4 is a mesh diagram in which coordinate axes are superimposed on the existing stone wall of FIG.

FIG. 5 is an elevation view and a plan view showing a process of designing a restoration stone wall according to the method of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of three types of masonry methods for making a stone wall.

FIG. 7 is a partial perspective view showing a stacking structure of a stonewall for cutting stones.

FIG. 8 shows an example of an accurate construction management chart of a stone wall restoration surface.

FIG. 9 shows an example of a detailed view of a corner stone portion of a stone wall.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a stone wall restoration method according to the method of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Stone wall 2 ... Stone material 3 ... Front end surface 4 ... Side edge 5 ... Top edge 6 ... Lower edge 7 ... Immovable edge 8 ... Pebble 9 ... Boring stone

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] November 27, 1998 (1998.11.
27)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Claim 2

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0010

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

Reconstruction Procedure A. Determination of Coordinate and Posture of Stone 2 by Drawing (A) The position and posture of each stone 2 in the reconstruction can be determined by the coordinates and inclination of the front end surface 3 of the stone 2. Each of the stones 2 is laminated in the existing stone wall 1 by the quarrying method, so that the stones 2 have a shape close to the adjacent stone 2 and the coordinates and inclination of the front end face 3 of the individual stone are determined by the stone wall. Even if it is determined or changed independently on the surface S within the range of adjustment along the trial inclination line Ki described later, it is presumed that the close relationship with the adjacent stone will not be affected.

[Procedure amendment 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0012

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

(C) A slope line intersecting with the reference line R on the stone wall surface S, that is, a trial slope line Ki and a design slope line Mi can be selected so as to be placed on the front end surface 3 of the stone material 2 (FIG. 7).
reference). 1 and 7, it is assumed that the reference line R is a horizontal straight line.

[Procedure amendment 4]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0016

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

B. Drawings and supporting members for rebuilding (f) When the stonewall surface S for rebuilding is determined, the top edge 5 and the lower edge 6 are uniquely determined, and a construction guide between the edges is provided. A reference inclined surface G (see FIG. 8) is determined. Its reference
The illuminated inclined surface G can be used for siding installation for masonry construction management.

[Procedure amendment 5]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0017

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

(G) At the time of construction, in order to obtain the position of the front end surface 3 of each stone 2 and the inclination M on the stone wall surface S,
A horizontal member (not shown) having a length equal to the horizontal distance from the reference inclined surface G to the front end surface 3 of the stone 2, that is, the offset D, and the horizontal member on the stone wall restoration surface obtained in the “reconstruction procedure”. It is possible to use a support member (ruler) having a stone 2 and an oblique member (not shown) having an inclination M equal to the inclination of the corresponding portion.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Kiyonobu Inomata 1-27 Fukamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. Tohoku Branch (72) Inventor Toshitake Sawauchi Moto-Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 1-7-2 Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Atsuaki Gomi 1-2-7 Moto-Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yoshikatsu Kobayashi Eifuku Suginami-ku, Tokyo 3-27-4 F-term (reference) 2D048 AA00

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A method of restoring an existing stone wall, comprising: a shape of a surface of the existing stone wall, a horizontal reference line R in a length direction (Y-axis) of the stone wall on the surface, and one or more immovable edges specific to the stone wall. Measure the ground coordinates and the shape and size of the front end face of each stone; record the arrangement of each stone in the stone wall; dismantle the stone wall once; determine the restoration position of each stone at the time of stone wall reconstruction, by drawing, A predetermined point Ri (i is an integer) on the reference line R and the stationary edge
In the reference line and the vertical plane XZi passing the immovable edge, the stone materials connected to the predetermined point Ri are temporarily arranged along the smooth trial slope line Ki close to the slope line Ei of the existing stone wall surface, and the temporary arrangement is performed. The contour line Lj (j is an integer) of the connected surfaces is projected onto the horizontal plane, and the shape of the trial slope line is maintained while maintaining the length of the trial slope line as the sum of the lengths of all the stones on the trial slope line in the trial slope direction. By adjusting the above, a trial slope line such that the contour lines projected on the horizontal plane are parallel to each other is determined, and this is defined as a design slope line Mi;
A stone wall restoration method in which stone is laminated on a stone wall restoration surface determined by the design slope line. 2. A method for restoring an existing stone wall having a layered structure of cut stones, the shape of the surface of the existing stone wall, a horizontal reference line R in the direction of the length of the stone wall (Y axis) on the surface, and one specific to the stone wall. Measure the above ground coordinates of the fixed edge and the shape and size of the front end face of each piece of stone material stacked in layers; cut off the stone wall once after recording the arrangement of each stone in the stone wall; In order to determine the restoration position of each stone, the slope of the existing stone wall surface on the vertical plane XZi passing the reference line and the fixed edge at the predetermined point Ri (i is an integer) on the reference line R and the fixed edge by drawing Line Ei
Along the smooth trial slope line Ki close to the predetermined point Ri
And the contour lines of the surface where the temporary arrangement
By projecting Lj (j is an integer) onto the horizontal plane and adjusting the shape of the trial slope while maintaining the length of the trial slope in the sum of the lengths of all stones on the trial slope in the trial slope direction A trial slope line in which the contour lines projected on the horizontal plane are parallel to each other, and this is determined as a design slope line Mj; a stone wall repair method in which stone is layered on a stone wall restoration surface determined by the design slope line. 3. The restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal reference line is a horizontal straight line. 4. The restoration method according to claim 3, wherein a reference slope G including the horizontal reference line, the immovable edge, and the bottom edge of the stone wall restoration surface is obtained by drawing, and the stone wall restoration surface is vertically raised. The horizontal distance D from the reference inclined surface to the stone wall restoration surface is obtained for each vertical height,
In arranging the stone material at the restoration position, staking is provided along the reference inclined surface at a plurality of vertical height positions, and from the corresponding staking for each vertical height to the corresponding portion of the stone wall restoration surface A stone wall restoration method in which a ruler is formed from members representing the inclination of the stone wall restoration surface at the horizontal distance D and the vertical height, and a corresponding stone is positioned by the siding and the ruler. 5. The restoration method according to claim 4, wherein the existing stone wall has the fold line-shaped horizontal reference line and a stone wall surface extending in a vertical direction from each straight line portion of the fold line. A stone wall restoration method in which the corresponding stone material is positioned with respect to the stone wall surface in the direction by using the stone wall restoration surface, the reference inclined surface, the siding, and the ruler. 6. The repair method according to claim 1, wherein the design inclination line Mi such that the plurality of contour lines projected on the horizontal plane is parallel is designed using computer aided design (Computer Aided D).
Ishigaki restoration method obtained by esign, CAD).