JP2000157071A - Cultivation greenhouse for preventing snow and multi- span type cultivation greenhouse for preventing snow - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide both a cultivation greenhouse for preventing snow and a multi- span type cultivation greenhouse for preventing the snow capable of smoothly melting the snow falling on a roof and surely ensuring the daylighting properties even in an area with a large number of snowfalls and a large amount of the snowfall. SOLUTION: This cultivation apparatus 100 for preventing snow is premised on a cultivation greenhouse for heating a roof part 20 and preventing the snow and the roof part 20 and is composed of an electroconductive glass prepared by integrally forming a thin layerlike electroconductive layer on one surface of a transparent platy glass, slender thin sheetlike electrodes installed at a prescribed interval kept therebetween on the surface of the electroconductive layer of the electroconductive glass and fed with an electric power from a power source and a transparent insulating coating formed by covering at least all the surface of the electroconductive layer with the surface of the electroconductive glass equipped with the electrodes or without the insulating coating. The electroconductive layer of the electroconductive glass is energized from the electrodes to thereby heat the electroconductive layer and melt the snow.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cultivation greenhouse for cultivating plants such as vegetables, fruits, flowers and the like. The present invention relates to a continuous-type snow prevention cultivation apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various types of greenhouses have been proposed as cultivation greenhouses. Among them, unit-type cultivation greenhouses are generally often used. Multi-plant greenhouses are often used because of the efficient use of the laid area to be constructed. A representative example of this multi-story cultivation greenhouse is specifically shown in FIG.

That is, the unit greenhouses 1 assembled on the gable roof are arranged side by side in parallel with the ridge direction, the pillars 2 on the adjacent side walls are shared by the adjacent unit greenhouses 1, and the adjacent unit greenhouses are further shared. 1 is constructed in a form in which the eaves end of a roof 3 inclined left and right is connected by a valley gutter 4 supported on the upper end of the column 2.

In a snowy area with a lot of snow, snow accumulates on the roof of the greenhouse, and the lighting area of the roof is drastically reduced. As a result, the daylighting characteristic of the greenhouse cannot be sufficiently utilized. A person climbs on the roof to drop snow by human power, moves snow removal equipment driven by a motor or the like to sweep snow, or installs a watering device 5 on the roof ridge to slide down snow. And so on.

[0005]

However, when the worker works on the roof, there is a danger of slipping and falling, and a multi-building cultivation greenhouse is provided side by side. In order to share the eaves edge of the roof 3 of the unit greenhouse 1 with one valley gutter 4, in the means for removing snow using a snow removing device or a watering device 5, agglomerated snow falls and accumulates on the gutter to form a valley. There are problems such as deformation of the gutter 4 to cause breakage, and in the case of a large amount of snowfall, the cultivation greenhouse with multiple buildings collapses without being able to withstand the snow load.

For this reason, in a snowy area, a multiple-building type greenhouse is not installed, and each unit greenhouse is made independent, and a space for sliding snow on a roof is provided between adjacent greenhouses. There is also a method of juxtaposition and construction. However, in this method, in order to melt the snow on the roof, a watering device or the like must be installed in each unit greenhouse, which leads to wasteful equipment costs and the like. There was a problem that it could not be used.

[0007] Therefore, the present applicant has conducted various studies to find out if there is any good thing that can efficiently melt the snow falling on the roof of the greenhouse without causing the snow to fall, in order to maintain the daylighting property of the greenhouse. The applicant has previously filed a patent application for “defogging glass” (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-196341).
No. 2) was applied to a cultivation greenhouse.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to make it possible to smoothly melt snow falling on a roof and to surely melt snow even in areas where the number of times of snowfall and the amount of snowfall are large. It is an object of the present invention to provide a snow-prevention cultivation greenhouse and a snow-prevention multi-row cultivation greenhouse that can ensure lighting.

[0009]

Means for Solving the Problems To solve the above,
Means adopted by each of the present invention will be described with reference numerals used in the embodiment. First, the snow prevention cultivation apparatus 100 according to the first aspect of the present invention provides a cultivation greenhouse that heats the roof to prevent snow accumulation. It is assumed that the roof portion 20 is made up of a conductive glass 21 in which a thin conductive layer 21b is integrally formed on one surface of a transparent plate glass 21a, and a conductive layer 21b of the conductive glass 21. An elongated thin plate-like electrode 2 provided at a predetermined interval on the surface and supplied with power from a power supply
2a, 22b, and a transparent insulating coat 23 formed on the surface of the conductive glass 21 on which the electrodes 22a, 22b are disposed at least over the entire surface of the conductive layer 21b, or a transparent insulating coat 23 without the insulating coat 23. , The electrode 22
The gist is that the conductive layer 21b of the conductive glass 21 is heated and melted by applying a current to the conductive layer 21b of the conductive glass 21 from a and 22b.

Next, according to a second aspect of the present invention, a snowfall detection mechanism 30 for detecting snowfall is provided in the snowfall prevention and cultivation apparatus 100 according to the first aspect, and the snowfall detection mechanism 30 is provided with an electrode based on the detection of snowfall. The gist of the invention is to provide a snow prevention control mechanism for supplying electric power to 22a and 22b.

Next, a third aspect of the present invention is a multi-span type snowpack having a roof portion inclined left and right, and a plurality of unit greenhouses for heating the roof portion to prevent snow accumulation are arranged in parallel in the building direction. It is premised on the prevention cultivation greenhouse 110, and the roof part 20 is made of a conductive glass 21 in which a thin conductive layer 21b is integrally formed on one surface of a transparent plate glass 21a.
And elongated thin plate-shaped electrodes 22a and 22b which are provided at predetermined intervals on the surface of the conductive layer 21b of the conductive glass 21 and are supplied with power from a power source, and the conductive glass 21 on which the electrodes 22a and 22b are provided. Transparent insulating coat 2 formed at least over the entire surface of the conductive layer 21b
3 or a structure without the insulating coat 23, and the conductive layer 21b of the conductive glass 21 is formed from the electrodes 22a and 22b.
The gist of the present invention is that the conductive layer 21b is heated and melted by applying a current to the conductive layer 21b.

Finally, the invention according to claim 4 relates to the roof 2 constituting the multi-span type snow protection cultivation greenhouse 110 according to claim 3.
0, a snowfall detection mechanism 30 for detecting snowfall is provided, and the snowfall detection mechanism 30 is provided with an electrode 22 based on snowfall detection.
The gist of the present invention is to provide a snow prevention control mechanism for supplying electric power to a and 22b.

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, a snow prevention cultivation apparatus and a snow prevention multi-row cultivation apparatus embodying the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited by the following examples unless the gist is exceeded.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a snow cultivation cultivation apparatus 100 according to the present invention. As shown in this figure, the main body 10 of the cultivation greenhouse 100
And the covering material 12. The main body frame 11 is framed by pillar members vertically erected at predetermined intervals on a base made of concrete, reinforcing steel, or the like, and a plurality of steel members arranged vertically, horizontally, and vertically. , A covering material 12 is attached. A glass plate, a hard synthetic resin plate, or the like is used for the coating material 12, but a glass plate is used in the present embodiment. In addition, doors that can be opened and closed are provided on the front and rear or right and left walls of the main body 10 so that a worker and a work vehicle that carries equipment can be moved in and out. A roof frame 13 that is inclined right and left from the ridge is assembled on the upper part of the main body 10.

The roof frame 13 is provided with a plurality of translucent roof portions 20 which are a feature of the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the roof portion 20 includes a conductive glass 21 in which a thin conductive layer 21b is integrally formed on one surface of a transparent plate glass 21a,
Elongated thin plate-like electrodes 22a and 22b which are provided at a predetermined interval on the surface of one conductive layer 21b and are supplied with power from a power supply
And the conductive glass 2 on which the electrodes 22a and 22b are provided.
And a transparent insulating coat 23 formed on at least one surface so as to cover at least the entire surface of the electrodes 22a and 22b.

The roof 20 constructed as described above will be described in more detail. First, the conductive glass 21 is a transparent, plate-like glass 21a having a thickness of about 3 to 5 mm. The conductive layer 21b having the property is integrally formed. Such conductive glass 21 is made of sheet glass 2
In the manufacturing process 1a, tin (S
In the step n) of continuously flowing molten glass on the upper surface of the water tank, the sheet glass 21a is formed by CVD (chemical vapor deposition), splatter coating, vacuum evaporation, spray coating, roll coating, or the like. Is manufactured by integrally forming a conductive layer 21b made of an ultra-thin tin oxide layer (SnOx) on one side. In this case, the conductive layer 21b made of the tin oxide layer is almost transparent at a thickness of, for example, about 3000 nm, and is stable and uniform. And
The sheet resistance of the conductive layer 21b of the conductive glass 21 manufactured by the CDV method is, for example, 10 to 1000 Ω / □. Therefore, the conductive layer 2 having such sheet resistance
By passing a current through 1b, the conductive layer 21b generates heat and functions as a heater.

Electrodes 22a and 22b are provided at both ends of the surface of the conductive layer 21b of the conductive glass 21.
The electrodes 22a and 22b supply power to the conductive layer 21b of the conductive glass 21.
It is formed in an elongated thin plate shape from a conductive material such as copper or aluminum, and is supplied with power from a power source (not shown).

For this reason, as shown in FIG.
Lead wires 24a, 24b are connected to the ends of 2a, 22b, respectively.
b are connected, and these lead wires 24a, 24b
Is connected to a commercial power supply such as AC 100V or 240V. A switch is provided in the middle of the lead wires 24a and 24b for turning on the power. In the middle of the lead wires 24a and 24b, the conductive layer 21b
A thermostat may be added in order to keep the heating temperature of the thermostat constant. Furthermore, without being directly connected to a commercial power supply such as AC 100V or 240V, lead wires 24a, 24
A transformer may be inserted in the middle of b to increase the power supply voltage. Furthermore, the lead wires 24a, 24b
A timer may be inserted in the middle of the process to limit the power supply time.

An insulating coat 23 is provided on the surface of the conductive glass 21 on which the electrodes 22a and 22b are provided. The insulating coat 23 is for preventing electric shock due to the conductive layer 21b of the conductive glass 21. For example, a transparent insulating material such as silicone, silicon resin, acrylic resin, or a glass film or a thin film such as an inorganic material is used. Is formed on the surface of the conductive glass 21 on which the electrodes 22a and 22b are installed, and is adhered so as to cover the entire surface of the electrodes 22a and 22b,
It is provided by coating or the like. Alternatively, an insulating film may be laminated or physically assembled to form an insulating coat.

In the embodiment, the insulating coat 23
However, the present invention is not limited to this. If the electrodes 22a and 22b are supplied with a low voltage that does not cause an electric shock, the insulating coat 23 may not be provided.

The insulating coat 23 may be formed on the surface of the conductive layer 21b on which the electrodes 22a and 22b are provided so as to cover the entire surface of the conductive layer 21b. As described above, even when the entire surface of the conductive glass 21 is covered with the insulating coat 23, the insulating coat 23 is formed in a transparent thin film shape, so there is no fear of light reflection or bending, and the colorless transparent glass State can be maintained.

The use of the thus constructed snow prevention and cultivation apparatus 100 in a snow-covered area will be described below.

First, in order to heat the roof 20 of the cultivation greenhouse 100 according to the present invention, an outlet 25 as shown in FIG.
Insert 6. At this time, a thermostat (not shown) is provided to set the heating temperature to a predetermined temperature as described above.

When the switch 26 is turned on, the lead wire 24
Electric power is supplied to the electrodes 22a and 22b through the electrodes a and 24b, and electricity is supplied from the electrodes 22a and 22b to the conductive layer 21b. As a result, current flows through the entire surface of the conductive layer 21b, and the conductive layer 21b is heated and functions as a heater. Subsequently, when the conductive layer 21b is heated, the heat heats the sheet glass 21a and the insulating coat 23. This allows
Since the entire area of the roof portion 30 can be uniformly heated, even if snow falls, snow attached to the roof portion can be melted in a short time. In addition, even when dew condensation occurs due to a difference between the outside temperature of the greenhouse and the temperature of the greenhouse, it is possible to evaporate in a short time in addition to snowfall.
Therefore, since the dew does not drop to the cultivation in the greenhouse as water droplets, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a bad cause for the cultivation such as mold generation in the greenhouse. Further, even if a person climbs on the roof portion 20, as described above, since the insulating coat 23 is applied to the upper surface of the conductive layer 21b,
Even if it does, there is no danger of electric shock. Even if the electrodes 22a and 22b are not covered with the insulating coat 23, there is no danger of electric shock by applying a low voltage.

The roof 20 is provided with a snowfall detection mechanism 30 for directly detecting snowfall. When the snowfall is detected by the snowfall detection mechanism 30, a limit switch (not shown) is operated, and the main power supply from the commercial power supply is turned on. Thereafter, the electrodes 2a, 2
b. A snow prevention control mechanism is provided for supplying power to the electrode b and supplying electricity from the electrode to the conductive layer of the conductive glass.

As described above, by providing the snowfall detection mechanism 30 and the snowfall prevention control mechanism in the snowfall prevention cultivation greenhouse 100, the roof portion 20 can be heated only during snowfall, so that the snowfall stops and sunshine is obtained. The power supply can be stopped immediately when the weather becomes as bad as possible. As a result, the power can be used efficiently, and the power cost can be reduced.

Next, FIG. 5 or FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a multi-span type snow prevention and cultivation apparatus 110 according to the present invention. As shown in FIG.
The unit greenhouse having a roof frame 15 inclined left and right from the ridge portion 14 is arranged side by side in parallel with the ridge direction, and the pillars 15 on adjacent side walls are shared by adjacent unit greenhouses,
Further, the eaves of the roof inclined to the left and right of the adjacent unit greenhouse are connected by a valley gutter 16 supported on the upper end of the column.

The roof frame 14 is provided with a plurality of roof portions 20. The roof 20 is shown in FIG.
4, a conductive glass 21 in which a thin conductive layer 21b is integrally formed on one surface of a transparent plate-like glass 21a, and a predetermined gap between the conductive glass 21 and the conductive layer 21b of the conductive glass 21. Elongated thin plate-shaped electrodes 22a and 22b which are installed with a gap and are supplied with power from a power source;
A transparent insulating coat 23 is formed so as to cover at least the entire surface of the electrodes 22a and 22b on the surface of the conductive glass 21 on which the 22b is provided. Therefore, as described in the above-described embodiment, since the entire area of the roof portion 20 can be uniformly heated, it is possible to reduce the amount of snow falling on each roof portion 20 while constructing a greenhouse in a multi-story structure. Snow can be efficiently melted in a short time. In addition, it is possible to evaporate in a short time not only when snowfall occurs but also when dew condensation occurs. Therefore, since the dew does not drop to the cultivation in the greenhouse as water droplets, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of a bad cause for the cultivation such as mold generation in the greenhouse. Furthermore, it is not necessary to separate each unit greenhouse, and it is not necessary to place multiple units in parallel with the adjacent unit greenhouse with an interval to slide down snow on the roof, so it is possible to increase the use efficiency of the site it can. Note that, as described above, the electrodes 22a, 22
Even if b is not covered with the insulating coat 23, there is no risk of electric shock by applying a low voltage.

Each of the multiple roofs 20 is provided with a snowfall detection mechanism 30 for directly detecting snowfall. Further, when the snowfall detection mechanism 30 detects snowfall, a limit switch (not shown) is operated, and the main power supply from the commercial power supply is turned on. Thereafter, power is supplied to the electrodes 22a and 22b and the electrodes 22a and 22b are supplied. A snow-prevention control mechanism is provided for supplying a current from the conductive layers 22a and 22b to the conductive layer 21b of the conductive glass 21. In the multiple snow prevention cultivation greenhouse 110 having such a configuration,
Since it is clear that substantially the same operation and effect as the above-described snow prevention cultivation greenhouse 100 can be obtained, the description of the lyric is cited.

As described above, in the embodiment of the snow-prevention cultivation greenhouse 100 and the multiple-type snow-prevention cultivation greenhouse 110 according to the present invention, the roof 20 is provided with a thin conductive layer on one side of the transparent plate glass 21a. A conductive glass 21 integrally formed with the conductive glass 21b; elongated thin plate-like electrodes 22a and 22b which are provided at predetermined intervals on the surface of the conductive layer 21b of the conductive glass 21 and are supplied with power from a power source; 22a,
A transparent insulating coat 23 formed on the surface of the conductive glass 21 on which the conductive layer 22b is provided so as to cover the entire surface of the conductive layer 21b.
The conductive layers 21b of the conductive glass 21 are heated by flowing electricity from the electrodes 22a and 22b to the conductive layer 21b of the conductive glass 21 to melt snow.

That is, since the conductive layer 21b and the insulating coat 23 are formed thin as described above, the state of the colorless transparent glass can be maintained without being affected by light reflection or refraction. Therefore, if the roof 20 is heated before or immediately after snowfall, the roof 20 can be heated during snowfall.
The surface of can be lit without snow and the lighting property is not hindered, so that the cultivation in the greenhouse is not adversely affected. Further, even when dew condensation occurs due to a temperature difference between the outside of the greenhouse and the greenhouse, the roof portion 20 can be evaporated in a short time by heating the roof portion 20. Therefore, since the dew does not drop to the cultivation in the greenhouse as water droplets, it is possible to prevent occurrence of a bad cause for the cultivation such as generation of mold.

Further, since the snowfall detection mechanism 30 and the snowfall prevention control mechanism are provided in the snow protection cultivation greenhouse 100 and the multiple cultivation greenhouse 110, the roof portion 20 can be heated only at the time of snowfall. The power supply can be stopped immediately when the weather stops and sunshine is obtained. As a result, the power can be used efficiently, and the power cost can be reduced.

Further, in the embodiment of the multiple-type cultivation greenhouse 110 of the present invention, the roof portion 20 having excellent daylighting properties can be heated to melt the falling snow. Between adjacent greenhouses
The snow on the roof is slid down and arranged in multiples at intervals.
Since it is not necessary to provide a snow removal device for each unit greenhouse,
It is possible to increase the use efficiency of the site and reduce unnecessary equipment costs.

By the way, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but includes improvements, modifications and the like within a range that can achieve the object of the present invention. For example, the snowfall detection mechanism 30 has been described as one that directly detects snowfall, but is not limited thereto, and may detect snowfall based on the amount of snowfall accumulated on the roof of the cultivation greenhouse,
Any detection mechanism that can detect snowfall or snowfall may be used.

[0035]

As described above, the snow-prevention cultivation greenhouse of the present invention has a roof with excellent daylighting, so that it is not affected by light reflection or refraction, and is in a state of colorless transparent glass. Can be maintained. Therefore, if the roof is heated before or immediately after snowfall, the snow on the surface of the roof during snowfall can be lit without obstructing the lighting property, which adversely affects the cultivation in the greenhouse. Never. Furthermore, even when dew condensation occurs due to a temperature difference between the outside of the greenhouse and the greenhouse, the roof can be evaporated in a short time by heating the roof. Therefore, since the dew does not drop to the cultivation in the greenhouse as water droplets, it is possible to prevent occurrence of a bad cause for the cultivation such as generation of mold.

Next, in the embodiment of the multiple-type cultivation greenhouse of the present invention, each roof having excellent daylighting properties can be heated to melt the snow that falls, so that the use efficiency of the site can be improved and Equipment costs can be reduced.

Further, since the snowfall detection mechanism and the snowfall prevention control mechanism are provided in the snow prevention cultivation greenhouse and the multiple cultivation greenhouse according to the present invention, the roof can be heated only at the time of snowfall. The power supply can be stopped immediately when the weather stops and sunshine is obtained. As a result, the power can be used efficiently, and the power cost can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a snow protection cultivation apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a rear view of a roof constituting the snow prevention cultivation apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a central longitudinal sectional view of a roof constituting the snow prevention cultivation apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a central cross-sectional view of a roof constituting the snow prevention cultivation apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a multiple building type snow prevention cultivation apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a multi-span type snow protection cultivation apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional multiple-house cultivation greenhouse.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 100 Snow prevention cultivation greenhouse 110 Multiple building type snow prevention cultivation greenhouse 10 Main unit 11 Main frame 12 Covering material 13 Roof frame 14 Roof frame 15 Prop 16 Trough 20 Roof 21 Conductive glass 21a Plate glass 21b Conductive layers 22a, 22b Electrode 23 Insulation coat 24a, 24b Lead wire 30 Snowfall detection mechanism

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Hideo Tatsuguchi, Inventor 8-23-11 Ikegami, Ota-ku, Tokyo Tatsunokuchi Industrial Glass Co., Ltd. 474-1 Shiki (72) Inventor Yoji Sakaida 382 Hiokie, Gifu City, Gifu Prefecture F-term (reference) 2B024 AA02 GA10 2B029 AA02 AA07 BB06 DB01 EA01 MA10 SC04 SF08

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A cultivation greenhouse in which a roof portion is heated to prevent snow accumulation, wherein the roof portion is made of a conductive glass in which a thin conductive layer is integrally formed on one surface of a transparent plate-like glass; An elongated thin plate-shaped electrode that is provided at a predetermined interval on the surface of the conductive layer of glass and is supplied with power from a power source, and is formed to cover at least the entire surface of the electrode with the conductive glass surface on which the electrode is provided. A greenhouse for preventing cultivation of snow accumulation, wherein the greenhouse comprises a transparent insulating coat or one without an insulating coat, and heats and melts the conductive layer by passing electricity from the electrode to the conductive layer of conductive glass. 2. A snowfall detection mechanism for detecting snowfall in a cultivation greenhouse, and a snowfall prevention control mechanism for supplying power to electrodes based on snowfall detection is provided in the snowfall detection mechanism. The cultivation greenhouse described in the snow prevention. 3. A multi-row cultivation greenhouse having a roof part inclined left and right and a plurality of unit greenhouses for heating the roof part and preventing snow accumulation in parallel in a ridge direction, wherein the roof part is: A conductive glass in which a thin conductive layer is integrally formed on one surface of a transparent plate-like glass; and an elongated thin plate which is provided at a predetermined interval on a surface of the conductive layer of the conductive glass and is supplied with power from a power supply. And a transparent insulating coat formed at least over the entire surface of the electrode on the surface of the conductive glass on which the electrode is provided, or a structure without an insulating coat. A multi-story snow prevention cultivation greenhouse characterized in that the conductive layer is heated and melted by applying electricity to the conductive layer of glass. 4. The cultivation greenhouse is provided with a snowfall detection mechanism for detecting snowfall, and the snowfall detection mechanism is provided with a snowfall prevention control mechanism for supplying power to the electrodes based on the detection of snowfall. The snow protection multi-story type snow prevention cultivation greenhouse described.