JP2000149970A - Power generation system for electric vehicle - Google Patents
Power generation system for electric vehicleInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000149970A JP2000149970A JP10314859A JP31485998A JP2000149970A JP 2000149970 A JP2000149970 A JP 2000149970A JP 10314859 A JP10314859 A JP 10314859A JP 31485998 A JP31485998 A JP 31485998A JP 2000149970 A JP2000149970 A JP 2000149970A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- fuel cell
- fuel
- tank
- humidifying
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、燃料電池を用いた
電気自動車の発電システムに関するものであり、特にそ
の始動機構に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power generation system for an electric vehicle using a fuel cell, and more particularly to a starting mechanism thereof.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、クリーンエネルギー指向の高まり
から、電気自動車に対する期待が高まっている。これま
で、リチウムイオン二次電池、ニッケル−水素二次電
池、鉛酸蓄電池等の二次電池を動力源とした電気自動車
が開発されてきている。しかしながら、これら二次電池
を用いた電気自動車は、充電に長時間を要すること、容
量が小さく走行距離が短いこと、所望の出力を得るため
には電池重量が大きくなることなどが、実用上の大きな
問題点になっている。そこで、近年では、二次電池に代
えて燃料で発電する燃料電池を動力源とした電気自動車
の開発が活発に行われている。燃料電池は、例えば燃料
ガスとしての水素をイオン伝導性膜を挟んで配された電
極の一方に供給し、酸化剤ガスとしての酸素を他方の電
極に供給してこれらを反応させることにより、電力を発
生させるものである。燃料ガスとしての水素は、たとえ
ばメタノールを高温下で水と反応させることにより得ら
れる。このように燃料電池によると、内燃機関と同様に
液体燃料を用いることができるため、従来の内燃機関を
用いた自動車と同様に短時間で燃料の補給が可能にな
る。また、自動車の燃料タンクの容量によっては、一度
の燃料補給で従来の自動車と変わらない走行距離を得る
ことが可能である。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, expectations for electric vehicles have been increasing due to the growing trend toward clean energy. Until now, electric vehicles using a secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery, a nickel-hydrogen secondary battery, and a lead-acid storage battery as a power source have been developed. However, electric vehicles using these secondary batteries require a long time for charging, a small capacity, a short traveling distance, and a large battery weight to obtain a desired output. It is a big problem. Therefore, in recent years, development of electric vehicles using a fuel cell that generates electric power with fuel instead of a secondary battery as a power source has been actively performed. For example, a fuel cell supplies electric power by supplying hydrogen as a fuel gas to one of the electrodes disposed with an ion-conductive membrane in between, and supplying oxygen as an oxidant gas to the other electrode to cause a reaction between them. Is generated. Hydrogen as a fuel gas is obtained, for example, by reacting methanol with water at a high temperature. As described above, according to the fuel cell, liquid fuel can be used similarly to the internal combustion engine, and therefore, fuel can be replenished in a short time as in a vehicle using a conventional internal combustion engine. Further, depending on the capacity of the fuel tank of the vehicle, it is possible to obtain a mileage that is not different from that of a conventional vehicle by one refueling.
【０００３】燃料電池の両極にそれぞれ供給する燃料ガ
スおよび酸化剤ガスには、イオン伝導性膜の劣化を防止
するためにそれぞれ水蒸気が混合される。水素ガスへ
は、燃料改質器でメタノールと水を反応させて水素を生
成させるときに水素の生成に必要な量よりも多くの水蒸
気を加える。空気には水を直接噴霧する。燃料電池は、
上記のように水の供給が必要である。また、電池自身の
温度が低いと、安定した出力が得られない。しかし、燃
料電池を電気自動車の動力源として用いるためには、環
境に関わらず安定した始動を保証する必要がある。[0003] The fuel gas and the oxidizing gas supplied to both electrodes of the fuel cell are mixed with water vapor in order to prevent deterioration of the ion conductive membrane. When producing hydrogen by reacting methanol and water in a fuel reformer, more steam is added to the hydrogen gas than is necessary for the production of hydrogen. Spray water directly into the air. Fuel cells are
Water supply is required as described above. If the temperature of the battery itself is low, a stable output cannot be obtained. However, in order to use a fuel cell as a power source of an electric vehicle, it is necessary to guarantee a stable start regardless of the environment.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、以上の問題
点を解決し、低温下での加湿水の凝固を防止し、寒冷地
等の低温環境下においても安定して始動することができ
る電気自動車用発電システムを提供することを目的とす
る。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, prevents solidification of humidifying water at low temperatures, and enables stable starting even in a low-temperature environment such as a cold region. An object is to provide a power generation system for an electric vehicle.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、燃料電池へ供
給する水を貯蔵するタンクとは別に、加熱機能または保
温機能を備えた予備のタンクを設ける。また、燃料電池
等における水の凝結に対しては、別途これらを加熱する
ための手段を設ける。According to the present invention, a spare tank having a heating function or a heat retaining function is provided separately from a tank for storing water supplied to the fuel cell. Further, for condensation of water in a fuel cell or the like, a means for heating these is separately provided.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の電気自動車用発電システ
ムは、一対の電極および両電極間に介在させたイオン伝
導性膜を具備する燃料電池と、燃料電池の一方の電極に
燃料ガスを供給する燃料ガス供給手段と、燃料電池の他
方の電極に酸化剤ガスを供給する酸化剤ガス供給手段
と、燃料ガスを加湿するための燃料ガス加湿手段と、酸
化剤ガスを加湿するための酸化剤ガス加湿手段と、燃料
ガス加湿手段または酸化剤ガス加湿手段に供給するため
の水を収容する水タンクとを備え、水タンクが、主タン
ク、および主タンクよりも容量が小さく、断熱構造を有
する予備タンクを具備する。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A power generation system for an electric vehicle according to the present invention supplies a fuel cell having a pair of electrodes and an ion conductive membrane interposed between the two electrodes, and supplies a fuel gas to one electrode of the fuel cell. Gas supply means for supplying oxidant gas to the other electrode of the fuel cell, oxidant gas supply means for humidifying the fuel gas, and oxidant for humidifying the oxidant gas A gas humidifier, and a water tank containing water for supplying to the fuel gas humidifier or the oxidant gas humidifier, the water tank having a smaller capacity than the main tank and the main tank, and having a heat insulating structure Equipped with a spare tank.
【０００７】本発明の他の電気自動車用発電システム
は、一対の電極および両電極間に介在させたイオン伝導
性膜を具備する燃料電池と、燃料電池の一方の電極に燃
料ガスを供給する燃料ガス供給手段と、燃料電池の他方
の電極に酸化剤ガスを供給する酸化剤ガス供給手段と、
燃料ガスを加湿するための燃料ガス加湿手段と、酸化剤
ガスを加湿するための酸化剤ガス加湿手段と、燃料ガス
加湿手段または酸化剤ガス加湿手段に供給するための水
を収容する水タンクとを備え、水タンクが、主タンク、
および主タンクよりも容量が小さく、収容された水を加
熱する加熱手段を有する予備タンクを具備する。Another electric power generation system for an electric vehicle according to the present invention comprises a fuel cell having a pair of electrodes and an ion conductive membrane interposed between the electrodes, and a fuel for supplying a fuel gas to one electrode of the fuel cell. Gas supply means, oxidant gas supply means for supplying an oxidant gas to the other electrode of the fuel cell,
A fuel gas humidifying unit for humidifying the fuel gas, an oxidizing gas humidifying unit for humidifying the oxidizing gas, and a water tank containing water for supplying the fuel gas humidifying unit or the oxidizing gas humidifying unit; Equipped with a water tank, a main tank,
And a spare tank having a smaller capacity than the main tank and having heating means for heating the contained water.
【０００８】本発明のさらに他の電気自動車用発電シス
テムは、一対の電極および両電極間に介在させたイオン
伝導性膜を具備する燃料電池と、燃料電池の一方の電極
に燃料ガスを供給する燃料ガス供給手段と、燃料電池の
他方の電極に酸化剤ガスを供給する酸化剤ガス供給手段
と、燃料ガスを加湿するための燃料ガス加湿手段と、酸
化剤ガスを加湿するための酸化剤ガス加湿手段と、燃料
ガス加湿手段または酸化剤ガス加湿手段に供給するため
の水を収容する水タンクとを備え、燃料電池、各手段ま
たは各手段を接続する管路を加熱する加熱手段をさらに
備える。[0008] Still another power generation system for an electric vehicle according to the present invention is a fuel cell having a pair of electrodes and an ion conductive membrane interposed between the two electrodes, and a fuel gas is supplied to one electrode of the fuel cell. Fuel gas supply means, oxidant gas supply means for supplying an oxidant gas to the other electrode of the fuel cell, fuel gas humidification means for humidifying the fuel gas, and oxidant gas for humidifying the oxidant gas A humidifying unit, a water tank containing water for supplying to the fuel gas humidifying unit or the oxidizing gas humidifying unit, and further comprising a heating unit for heating the fuel cell, each unit or a conduit connecting each unit. .
【０００９】上記の加熱手段には、たとえば、電源およ
びその出力により発熱する発熱体を有するものを用いる
ことができる。好ましくは、電源には二次電池を用い
る。特に、二次電池により燃料電池の出力、とりわけ燃
料供給停止後の余剰の出力を蓄えるようにすることが望
ましい。また、液体燃料を燃焼させて発熱する加熱手段
を用いることもできる。燃料電池の加熱においては、燃
料電池内を循環させる冷却水を加熱すると、有効にその
内部で凝固した水を融解させることができる。また、燃
料電池を効果的に加熱することができるため、短時間で
燃料電池の出力を安定させることができる。好ましく
は、このようにして加熱された冷却水の経路の近傍に加
熱しようとする各手段または管路を配し、これらをこの
冷却水の放熱により加熱する。As the heating means, for example, a heating means having a power source and a heating element which generates heat by its output can be used. Preferably, a secondary battery is used as a power source. In particular, it is desirable that the output of the fuel cell, particularly the surplus output after the fuel supply is stopped, be stored by the secondary battery. Further, a heating unit that generates heat by burning the liquid fuel can also be used. In the heating of the fuel cell, when the cooling water circulating in the fuel cell is heated, the water solidified therein can be effectively melted. Further, since the fuel cell can be effectively heated, the output of the fuel cell can be stabilized in a short time. Preferably, means or pipes for heating are arranged in the vicinity of the path of the cooling water heated in this way, and these are heated by radiation of the cooling water.
【００１０】[0010]
【実施例】以下、本発明の好ましい実施例を図面を用い
て詳細に説明する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.
【００１１】本実施例の燃料電池発電システムの構成を
図１に示す。燃料電池１は、水素とシステム外部から吸
入した空気中の酸素とを反応させて発電する。燃料電池
１に供給する空気は、車両の進行方向に対して前方に配
された空気吸入口２よりシステム内に取り入れられる。
加湿器３は、システム内に取り入れられた空気に水タン
ク４に収容された水を噴霧し、この加湿された空気を燃
料電池１に供給する。メタノールタンク５は、発電する
ための燃料であるメタノールを収容する。燃料改質器６
は、メタノールタンク５に収容されたメタノールと水タ
ンク４に収容された水を高温下で反応させて水素ガスを
生成させる。燃料改質器６において生成した水素ガス
は、燃料電池１に供給される。なお、燃料電池１で消費
されなかった水素は、燃料改質器６に環流する。FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the fuel cell power generation system according to this embodiment. The fuel cell 1 generates power by reacting hydrogen with oxygen in air taken in from outside the system. Air to be supplied to the fuel cell 1 is taken into the system from an air intake port 2 arranged forward with respect to the traveling direction of the vehicle.
The humidifier 3 sprays the water contained in the water tank 4 onto the air taken into the system, and supplies the humidified air to the fuel cell 1. The methanol tank 5 contains methanol, which is a fuel for power generation. Fuel reformer 6
Reacts the methanol contained in the methanol tank 5 with the water contained in the water tank 4 at a high temperature to generate hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas generated in the fuel reformer 6 is supplied to the fuel cell 1. The hydrogen not consumed in the fuel cell 1 flows back to the fuel reformer 6.
【００１２】補助タンク７は、水タンク４と接続されて
いて、常に約１リットルの水を蓄えている。コントロー
ルユニット１８は、三方弁８および９を制御して、加湿
器３および燃料改質器６に接続する水の供給源を水タン
ク４と補助タンク７の間で切り替える。正常運転時に
は、水タンク４から供給される水が加湿器３および燃料
改質器６にそれぞれ供給され、燃料電池発電システムの
起動時や水タンク４の空欠時には、補助タンク７に貯蔵
された水が加湿器３および燃料改質器６にそれぞれ供給
される。ヒータ１１は、補助電源１０の出力によりシス
テムの起動時に補助タンク７を加熱する。燃料電池１は
放熱器１２と管路１６で接続されていて、ポンプ１９に
より管路１６を図中矢印で示すように冷却水が循環する
ようになっている。管路１６は、水タンク４に隣接する
ように配されている。三方弁１３および１４は、コント
ロールユニット１８の制御により作動して、バイパス１
７に冷却水を循環させる。放熱器１２は、空気吸入口２
の上流に配されていて、空気吸入口２には放熱器１２に
より加熱された空気が流入する。ヒータ１５は、補助電
源１０の出力により管路１６を流通する冷却水を加熱す
る。The auxiliary tank 7 is connected to the water tank 4 and always stores about 1 liter of water. The control unit 18 controls the three-way valves 8 and 9 to switch the water supply source connected to the humidifier 3 and the fuel reformer 6 between the water tank 4 and the auxiliary tank 7. During normal operation, water supplied from the water tank 4 is supplied to the humidifier 3 and the fuel reformer 6, respectively, and is stored in the auxiliary tank 7 when the fuel cell power generation system is started or when the water tank 4 is empty. Water is supplied to the humidifier 3 and the fuel reformer 6, respectively. The heater 11 heats the auxiliary tank 7 when the system is started by the output of the auxiliary power supply 10. The fuel cell 1 is connected to the radiator 12 via a conduit 16, and a pump 19 allows cooling water to circulate through the conduit 16 as shown by arrows in the figure. The pipe 16 is arranged adjacent to the water tank 4. The three-way valves 13 and 14 are operated under the control of the control unit 18 to operate the bypass 1
7 circulates cooling water. The radiator 12 is an air inlet 2
The air heated by the radiator 12 flows into the air suction port 2. The heater 15 heats the cooling water flowing through the pipeline 16 by the output of the auxiliary power supply 10.
【００１３】次に、本発電システムの動作を説明する。
始動時には、コントロールユニット１８は、三方弁１３
のＡ−Ｂ間および三方弁１４のａ−ｂ間を接続し、さら
にスイッチＳＷ１をオンにして、ヒータ１５を作動させ
る。これにより、燃料電池１を通過した冷却水は、放熱
器１２へは流れずに、バイパス１７を通じて循環する。
すなわち、ヒータ１５により加熱されながら、燃料電池
１中を流通する。燃料電池１は、このようにして加熱さ
れた冷却水により加熱され、燃料電池１の内部で凝固し
た水は融解する。コントロールユニット１８は、燃料電
池１の温度を検出して燃料電池１が充分に加熱されたと
判断すると、三方弁１３および１４を切り換えて、三方
弁１３のＡ−Ｃ間および三方弁１４のａ−ｃ間を接続す
る。これにより、加熱された冷却水は、水タンク４の周
囲を流通し、水タンク４を加熱する。この加熱により、
水タンク４内の凝固した水が完全に融解したと判断する
と、コントロールユニット１８は、スイッチＳＷ１をオ
フにしてヒータ１５による加熱を停止する。なお、水タ
ンク４は大容量であるので、完全に凝固したタンク内の
水をすべて融解させるには長時間を要する。したがっ
て、燃料電池１の出力が安定してから水タンク４から加
湿器３および燃料改質器６への水の供給が開始される。Next, the operation of the power generation system will be described.
At the start, the control unit 18 controls the three-way valve 13
Are connected between A and B and between a and b of the three-way valve 14, and the switch SW1 is turned on to operate the heater 15. Thereby, the cooling water that has passed through the fuel cell 1 does not flow to the radiator 12 but circulates through the bypass 17.
That is, the gas flows through the fuel cell 1 while being heated by the heater 15. The fuel cell 1 is heated by the cooling water thus heated, and the water solidified inside the fuel cell 1 is melted. When the control unit 18 detects the temperature of the fuel cell 1 and determines that the fuel cell 1 is sufficiently heated, the control unit 18 switches the three-way valves 13 and 14 to switch between the A and C of the three-way valve 13 and the a- of the three-way valve 14. Connect between c. Thus, the heated cooling water flows around the water tank 4 and heats the water tank 4. With this heating,
When determining that the solidified water in the water tank 4 is completely melted, the control unit 18 turns off the switch SW1 and stops heating by the heater 15. Since the water tank 4 has a large capacity, it takes a long time to completely melt the water in the completely solidified tank. Therefore, the supply of water from the water tank 4 to the humidifier 3 and the fuel reformer 6 is started after the output of the fuel cell 1 is stabilized.
【００１４】起動時に、コントロールユニット１８は、
さらにスイッチＳＷ２をオンにする。これにより、ヒー
タ１１は発熱して補助タンク７を加熱し、タンク内で凝
固した水を融解させる。したがって、補助タンク７より
加湿器３および燃料改質器６への水の供給が可能にな
る。コントロールユニット１８は、補助タンク７内の温
度を検出し、その内部に収容された水が凝固していなけ
れば、三方弁８のａ−ｃ間および三方弁９のＡ−Ｃ間を
接続して、補助タンク７から加湿器３および燃料改質器
６への水の供給を開始し、さらにスイッチＳＷ２をオフ
にする。これにより、燃料電池１による発電が開始され
る。コントロールユニット１８は、水タンク４内の水が
融解したことを確認すると、三方弁８のｂ−ｃ間を接続
し、さらに三方弁９のＢ−Ｃ間を接続して水タンク４か
らの水の供給を開始する。At the time of startup, the control unit 18
Further, the switch SW2 is turned on. As a result, the heater 11 generates heat and heats the auxiliary tank 7 to melt the solidified water in the tank. Therefore, water can be supplied from the auxiliary tank 7 to the humidifier 3 and the fuel reformer 6. The control unit 18 detects the temperature in the auxiliary tank 7 and connects the ac between the three-way valves 8 and the AC between the three-way valves 9 if the water contained therein is not solidified. Then, the supply of water from the auxiliary tank 7 to the humidifier 3 and the fuel reformer 6 is started, and the switch SW2 is turned off. Thereby, the power generation by the fuel cell 1 is started. When the control unit 18 confirms that the water in the water tank 4 has been melted, the control unit 18 connects the bc of the three-way valve 8, and further connects the B-C of the three-way valve 9 to connect the water from the water tank 4. Start supplying.
【００１５】以上のようにして、燃料電池１内で凝固し
た水を融解させ、さらに起動に必要な水を確保すること
が可能になる。また、燃料改質器６は、自身が発熱機構
を有することから、その内部で凝固した水を容易に融解
させることができる。しかしながら、加湿器３の内部や
これら機器へ水を供給するための配管内で凝結した水を
融解させるのは困難である。そこで、加湿器３やこれら
の配管を、水タンク４と同様に、加熱された冷却水が流
通する管路１６の近傍に配し、管路１６からの熱を受け
て内部で凝固した水を融解させるようにする。もちろ
ん、ヒータ１１の近傍に配したり、別途加熱用のヒータ
等を配してもよい。As described above, it is possible to melt the water solidified in the fuel cell 1 and further secure the water necessary for starting. Further, since the fuel reformer 6 has its own heat generating mechanism, the water solidified therein can be easily melted. However, it is difficult to melt the condensed water inside the humidifier 3 or in a pipe for supplying water to these devices. Therefore, the humidifier 3 and these pipes are arranged in the vicinity of the pipe 16 through which the heated cooling water flows, similarly to the water tank 4, and the water solidified inside by receiving the heat from the pipe 16 is removed. Allow to thaw. Of course, it may be arranged near the heater 11 or a heater for heating may be separately arranged.
【００１６】補助タンク７の概略を図２に示す。補助タ
ンク７は、水を収容するための内部容器２０を有する。
ヒータ１１は、補助タンク７と一体化されていて、内部
容器２０の側面に捲回されている。ヒータ１１の熱が補
助タンク７の外部に漏れないよう、内部容器２０と外缶
２１の間には断熱材２２が充填されている。内部容器２
０は、管路２３により水タンク４と接続されている。ま
た、内部容器２０は、管路２４により三方弁８および９
とそれぞれ接続されている。開放弁２５によりタンク内
の圧力は一定に保持される。なお、水タンク４の加熱に
は、ヒータを用いる代わりに、燃料であるメタノールを
燃焼させてその熱を利用してもよい。また、外気温度が
氷点下数℃程度にしか低下しないような使用環境下で
は、上記のような水タンク４内の水が完全に凝固する可
能性はほとんどない。そこで、必ずしも上記のような補
助タンク７の加熱機構を設ける必要はない。たとえば、
図３に示すようないわゆる魔法瓶構造を採用してもよ
い。すなわち、内部容器２０と外缶２１の間の空間を真
空にして、内部容器２０を外気と熱的に遮断すること
で、タンク内の水の凝固を防ぐことができる。FIG. 2 schematically shows the auxiliary tank 7. The auxiliary tank 7 has an internal container 20 for containing water.
The heater 11 is integrated with the auxiliary tank 7 and is wound on the side surface of the inner container 20. A heat insulating material 22 is filled between the inner container 20 and the outer can 21 so that the heat of the heater 11 does not leak out of the auxiliary tank 7. Internal container 2
Numeral 0 is connected to the water tank 4 by a pipe 23. Also, the inner container 20 is connected to the three-way valves 8 and 9
And are connected respectively. The pressure in the tank is kept constant by the opening valve 25. In addition, instead of using a heater, the water tank 4 may be heated by burning methanol as a fuel and using the heat. Further, under a use environment in which the outside air temperature is reduced only to a few degrees below the freezing point, there is almost no possibility that the water in the water tank 4 completely solidifies as described above. Therefore, it is not always necessary to provide a heating mechanism for the auxiliary tank 7 as described above. For example,
A so-called thermos structure as shown in FIG. 3 may be employed. That is, the space between the inner container 20 and the outer can 21 is evacuated, and the inner container 20 is thermally isolated from the outside air, so that coagulation of water in the tank can be prevented.
【００１７】燃料電池１の加熱についても、補助タンク
７の加熱と同様に、ヒータを用いることもできる。ま
た、たとえば図４に示すように、メタノールタンク５に
接続された燃焼器２６によってメタノールを燃焼させ、
その排気管２７からの伝熱により加熱することもでき
る。なお、補助電源１０に、二次電池を用い、燃料電池
１の出力を蓄えて、ヒータ１１および１５へ出力するよ
うにしてもよい。一般に、燃料電池は燃料ガスや酸化剤
ガスの供給を停止してもしばらくの間は出力を継続する
ことから、この余剰の電力を蓄えるようにすることが、
エネルギー効率上好ましい。For heating the fuel cell 1, a heater can be used as in the case of heating the auxiliary tank 7. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, for example, methanol is burned by a combustor 26 connected to the methanol tank 5,
Heating can also be performed by heat transfer from the exhaust pipe 27. Note that a secondary battery may be used as the auxiliary power source 10 to store the output of the fuel cell 1 and output the stored output to the heaters 11 and 15. In general, fuel cells continue to output for a while even after the supply of fuel gas or oxidizing gas is stopped, so it is necessary to store this excess power.
It is preferable in terms of energy efficiency.
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の効果】本発明によると、寒冷地等の低温環境下
でも安定して始動することができる燃料電池発電システ
ムを提供することができる。According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fuel cell power generation system which can be started stably even in a low temperature environment such as a cold region.
【図１】本発明の燃料電池発電システムの一例の構成を
示すブロック図である。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an example of a fuel cell power generation system of the present invention.
【図２】同燃料電池発電システムの補助タンクの構成を
示す縦断面図である。FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a configuration of an auxiliary tank of the fuel cell power generation system.
【図３】本発明の他の燃料電池発電システムに用いる補
助タンクの構成を示す縦断面図である。FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a configuration of an auxiliary tank used in another fuel cell power generation system of the present invention.
【図４】本発明の他の燃料電池発電システムに用いる加
熱機構の構成を示す概略したブロック図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram showing a configuration of a heating mechanism used in another fuel cell power generation system of the present invention.
１ 燃料電池 ２ 空気吸入口 ３ 加湿器 ４ 水タンク ５ メタノールタンク ６ 燃料改質器 ７ 補助タンク ８、９、１３、１４ 三方弁 １０ 補助電源 １１、１５ ヒータ １２ 放熱器 １６、２３、２４ 管路 １７ バイパス １８ コントロールユニット １９ ポンプ ２０ 内部容器 ２１ 外缶 ２２ 断熱材 ２５ 開放弁 ２６ 燃焼器 ２７ 排気管 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fuel cell 2 Air inlet 3 Humidifier 4 Water tank 5 Methanol tank 6 Fuel reformer 7 Auxiliary tank 8, 9, 13, 14 Three-way valve 10 Auxiliary power supply 11, 15 Heater 12 Radiator 16, 23, 24 Pipe line 17 bypass 18 control unit 19 pump 20 inner container 21 outer can 22 heat insulating material 25 release valve 26 combustor 27 exhaust pipe
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 内田 誠 大阪府門真市大字門真1006番地 松下電器 産業株式会社内 (72)発明者 鈴木 次郎 大阪府門真市大字門真1006番地 松下電器 産業株式会社内 (72)発明者 小原 克之 大阪府門真市大字門真1006番地 松下電器 産業株式会社内 Ｆターム(参考） 5H027 AA06 BA01 BA09 CC06 DD03 MM16 MM21 5H115 PG04 PI18 TO05 UI30 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Makoto Uchida 1006 Kadoma Kadoma, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Jiro Suzuki 1006 Odaka Kadoma Kadoma City, Osaka Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. 72) Inventor Katsuyuki Ohara 1006 Kadoma Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture F-term in Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. 5H027 AA06 BA01 BA09 CC06 DD03 MM16 MM21 5H115 PG04 PI18 TO05 UI30
Claims (8)
イオン伝導性膜を具備する燃料電池と、前記燃料電池の
一方の電極に燃料ガスを供給する燃料ガス供給手段と、
前記燃料電池の他方の電極に酸化剤ガスを供給する酸化
剤ガス供給手段と、前記燃料ガスを加湿するための燃料
ガス加湿手段と、前記酸化剤ガスを加湿するための酸化
剤ガス加湿手段と、前記燃料ガス加湿手段または酸化剤
ガス加湿手段に供給するための水を収容する水タンクと
を備え、前記水タンクが、主タンク、および前記主タン
クよりも容量が小さく、断熱構造を有する予備タンクを
具備する電気自動車用発電システム。A fuel cell including a pair of electrodes and an ion conductive membrane interposed between the electrodes; a fuel gas supply unit configured to supply a fuel gas to one electrode of the fuel cell;
Oxidizing gas supply means for supplying an oxidizing gas to the other electrode of the fuel cell, fuel gas humidifying means for humidifying the fuel gas, and oxidizing gas humidifying means for humidifying the oxidizing gas A water tank for storing water to be supplied to the fuel gas humidifying means or the oxidizing gas humidifying means, wherein the water tank has a smaller capacity than the main tank and the main tank, and has a heat insulating structure. A power generation system for an electric vehicle including a tank.
イオン伝導性膜を具備する燃料電池と、前記燃料電池の
一方の電極に燃料ガスを供給する燃料ガス供給手段と、
前記燃料電池の他方の電極に酸化剤ガスを供給する酸化
剤ガス供給手段と、前記燃料ガスを加湿するための燃料
ガス加湿手段と、前記酸化剤ガスを加湿するための酸化
剤ガス加湿手段と、前記燃料ガス加湿手段または酸化剤
ガス加湿手段に供給するための水を収容する水タンクと
を備え、前記水タンクが、主タンク、および前記主タン
クよりも容量が小さく、収容された水を加熱する加熱手
段を有する予備タンクを具備する電気自動車用発電シス
テム。2. A fuel cell comprising a pair of electrodes and an ion conductive membrane interposed between the two electrodes, fuel gas supply means for supplying a fuel gas to one electrode of the fuel cell,
Oxidizing gas supply means for supplying an oxidizing gas to the other electrode of the fuel cell, fuel gas humidifying means for humidifying the fuel gas, and oxidizing gas humidifying means for humidifying the oxidizing gas A water tank containing water for supplying to the fuel gas humidifying means or the oxidizing gas humidifying means, wherein the water tank has a smaller capacity than the main tank and the main tank, and stores the stored water. A power generation system for an electric vehicle, comprising a spare tank having a heating means for heating.
イオン伝導性膜を具備する燃料電池と、前記燃料電池の
一方の電極に燃料ガスを供給する燃料ガス供給手段と、
前記燃料電池の他方の電極に酸化剤ガスを供給する酸化
剤ガス供給手段と、前記燃料ガスを加湿するための燃料
ガス加湿手段と、前記酸化剤ガスを加湿するための酸化
剤ガス加湿手段と、前記燃料ガス加湿手段または酸化剤
ガス加湿手段に供給するための水を収容する水タンクと
を備え、前記燃料電池、前記各手段またはこれらを接続
する管路を加熱する加熱手段をさらに備えた電気自動車
用発電システム。3. A fuel cell comprising a pair of electrodes and an ion conductive membrane interposed between the electrodes, fuel gas supply means for supplying a fuel gas to one electrode of the fuel cell,
Oxidizing gas supply means for supplying an oxidizing gas to the other electrode of the fuel cell, fuel gas humidifying means for humidifying the fuel gas, and oxidizing gas humidifying means for humidifying the oxidizing gas A water tank for storing water to be supplied to the fuel gas humidifying means or the oxidizing gas humidifying means, and further comprising a heating means for heating the fuel cell, each of the means or a pipe connecting them. Power generation system for electric vehicles.
出力により発熱する発熱体を具備する請求項２または３
に記載の電気自動車用発電システム。4. The heating device according to claim 2, wherein the heating means includes a power source and a heating element that generates heat by an output of the power source.
The power generation system for an electric vehicle according to claim 1.
る二次電池からなる請求項４記載の電気自動車用発電シ
ステム。5. The power generation system for an electric vehicle according to claim 4, wherein said power supply comprises a secondary battery for storing an output of said fuel cell.
発熱する請求項２または３に記載の電気自動車用発電シ
ステム。6. The electric vehicle power generation system according to claim 2, wherein said heating means generates heat by burning liquid fuel.
させる冷却水を加熱する請求項３記載の電気自動車用発
電システム。7. The electric vehicle power generation system according to claim 3, wherein said heating means heats cooling water circulating in said fuel cell.
の近傍に配され、加熱された冷却水の放熱により加熱さ
れる請求項７記載の電気自動車用発電システム。8. The electric vehicle power generation system according to claim 7, wherein each of the means or the pipes is disposed near a cooling water path and is heated by heat radiation of the heated cooling water.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31485998A JP4401457B2 (en) | 1998-11-05 | 1998-11-05 | Electric vehicle power generation system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31485998A JP4401457B2 (en) | 1998-11-05 | 1998-11-05 | Electric vehicle power generation system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000149970A true JP2000149970A (en) | 2000-05-30 |
| JP4401457B2 JP4401457B2 (en) | 2010-01-20 |
Family
ID=18058488
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31485998A Expired - Lifetime JP4401457B2 (en) | 1998-11-05 | 1998-11-05 | Electric vehicle power generation system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4401457B2 (en) |
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| US8354196B2 (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2013-01-15 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel cell unit including a storage unit for storing and providing liquid water coolant |
| KR20130068108A (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-25 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Cooling water circulation apparatus for electricvehicle |
| WO2017148043A1 (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2017-09-08 | 广东合即得能源科技有限公司 | Temperature control system and method for power battery pack of electric vehicle |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4401457B2 (en) | 2010-01-20 |
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