JP2000144146A - Charcoal kiln - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a charcoal kiln capable of effectively recovering pyrolignous acid at a low cost, are reduce load on workers. SOLUTION: A pyrolignous acid-recovering means which recovers pyrolignous acid from exhaust smoke has a smoke-collection unit 3 arranged in the vicinity of the outlet of a smoke cylinder 2 and a condensation cylinder 4 which condenses and produces pyrolignous acid by reducing the temperature of the smoke flowing inside by connecting its inlet end 4a to the smoke-collection unit 3, while slantingly arranging its outlet end 4b upward. The charcoal kiln has a basket-like vessel 21 housed in the kiln and receiving raw wood and is laid on a truck 22 capable of being put into and out of the inside of the kiln.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a charcoal kiln for producing charcoal, and in particular, has a relatively small scale, and is provided with a large-scale apparatus for collecting wood vinegar, loading raw wood, and transporting product charcoal. Is related to a charcoal kiln that is difficult to manufacture in terms of cost.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Charcoal is produced by burning and burning raw wood while maintaining a low oxygen concentration. This charcoal is produced from a relatively large-scale furnace such as a wood continuous carbonization furnace. Various types of charcoal-making devices are used depending on the properties of raw wood, the use of product charcoal, and the like, even in relatively small-scale furnaces such as charcoal kilns.

[0003]

When the flue gas generated during the production of such charcoal is cooled, wood vinegar containing useful substances such as acetic acid can be recovered. Conventionally, to collect the wood vinegar liquid, a wood vinegar liquid recovery device including a heat exchanger for cooling the flue gas and a blower for distributing the flue gas to the heat exchanger is installed in the coal making device. Is common. However, in the relatively small-scale charcoal kiln as described above, there is an inconvenience that profits commensurate with the facility cost cannot be obtained due to the small amount of wood vinegar recovered.

[0004] In relatively small-scale charcoal kilns, raw wood is loaded into the kiln and product charcoal is unloaded from the kiln by hand. Since the dust is full and the product charcoal is in a high temperature state due to the residual heat when it is carried out, there is a problem that the operator requires heavy labor in a poor working environment.

The present invention has been devised in order to solve such problems of the prior art, and a first object of the present invention is to provide a charcoal firing apparatus which is configured to be able to recover wood vinegar at low cost and efficiently. To provide a kiln. A second object is to configure a charcoal kiln so that each operation of carrying in raw wood into and out of charcoal in the kiln can be efficiently performed, thereby reducing a burden on an operator. .

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, the structure of the charcoal kiln is provided with a wood vinegar liquid collecting means for collecting wood vinegar liquid from exhaust smoke. A smoke collector disposed in the vicinity of the outlet of the smoke tube, and an inlet end connected to the smoke collector and arranged so as to be inclined so that an outlet end thereof is upward, to lower the temperature of smoke flowing through the inside. And a condensing cylinder for condensing and producing the wood vinegar liquid. According to this, since the condenser cylinder is arranged so as to be inclined so that the outlet end is upward, smoke introduced into the condenser cylinder from the smoke collector naturally flows toward the outlet through the condenser cylinder. And is discharged from the exit. The smoke cools down in the condensing cylinder close to the outside temperature, and the wood vinegar is condensed and generated, flows down the condensing cylinder in the opposite direction to the smoke, and is collected. Recovery becomes possible.

In this case, the discharge of the smoke from the smoke tube is hindered by disposing the inlet of the smoke collector at a distance from the outlet of the smoke tube so that a part of the smoke is introduced into the condensation tube. Without
In addition to ensuring appropriate combustion, it can be installed without making significant changes to existing charcoal kilns. In particular, it is preferable that the distance between the inlet of the smoke collector and the outlet of the smoke tube is adjustable. According to this, the amount of smoke introduced into the condensation tube is adjusted according to the amount of smoke discharged from the outlet of the smoke tube. This makes it possible to secure an appropriate flow velocity of the smoke in the condensation cylinder and to control the temperature of the smoke introduced into the condensation cylinder according to the outside air temperature, thereby realizing efficient condensation.

In addition, it is preferable that the inclination angle of the condensing cylinder is adjustable. According to this, by adjusting the inclination angle of the condensing cylinder in accordance with the wind speed or the like, the smoke in the condensing cylinder is not affected by the wind speed or the like. Can be kept at a relatively low appropriate flow rate, and more efficient condensation can be realized. As an example in which the inclination angle of the condenser cylinder can be adjusted, a configuration in which a flexible member is interposed between the condenser and the smoke collector supporting the inlet end of the condenser cylinder so that the vertical movement of the condenser cylinder is not restricted. In addition, if the intermediate portion of the condenser cylinder is supported by an extendable stay member, the inclination angle of the condenser cylinder can be adjusted by the extension / contraction operation of the stay member. In order to make the stay member freely expandable and contractible, a configuration in which the substantial dimension of the stay member is increased or decreased by a screw means such as a turnbuckle is simple, and the expansion and contraction operation is also easy.

[0009] In addition, it is preferable that the condensing cylinder can be turned around a vertical axis in accordance with the wind direction so that the outlet always faces downwind. According to this, it is possible to secure the circulation of the smoke in the condensation cylinder without being influenced by the wind direction, and it is possible to stably recover the wood vinegar liquid. In this case, it is simple to set a turning center on the inlet end side of the condensing cylinder and to make the outlet of the condensing cylinder face downwind on the same center with the same principle as the anemometer. As an example in which the condensing cylinder can be swiveled about a vertical axis, the smoke collecting body to which the condensing cylinder is coupled is vertically and displaceably and rotatably supported by a supporting member via a vertical shaft, and the rotation of the shaft is performed. There is a configuration in which fasteners for restricting the shaft from coming out of the support member without restraining the shaft can be engaged at a plurality of positions shifted in the axial direction with respect to the shaft. The rotation about the axis and the adjustment of the distance between the entrance of the smoke collector and the exit of the smoke tube can be realized at the same time.

Further, it is preferable that a receiving portion for the wood vinegar liquid flowing from the inlet end of the condensing cylinder and flowing down along the inner surface is provided at the lower end of the cap-shaped smoke collecting body. With a simple configuration, it is possible to collect the wood vinegar. In this case, if the receiving part of the wood vinegar is provided in a gutter shape over the entire circumference of the smoke collecting body, the wood vinegar liquid condensed and generated on the inner surface of the smoke collecting body can be collected. The wood vinegar solution collected in the receiving portion may be appropriately pulled out from the discharge hole.

Further, in the present invention, the configuration of the charcoal kiln has a basket-shaped container which accommodates raw wood and is stored inside the kiln, and the basket-shaped container can be moved into and out of the kiln. It was assumed to be mounted. According to this, it is possible to efficiently carry in the raw wood and carry out the charcoal into the kiln. Then, the raw wood is stored inside the kiln in a state of being housed in the basket-shaped container, but when the raw wood is carbonized, the flow of gas is not hindered, and the quality of the product charcoal is not reduced. Only In this case, it is preferable that a part of the side surface is releasable, which facilitates the operations of loading the raw wood into the basket-like container and loading and unloading the product charcoal.

[0012] In particular, it is preferable to have an inner rail arranged on the bottom surface inside the kiln and an outer rail connected to the inner rail for guiding the bogie, whereby the bogie is moved in and out of the kiln. Can be easily performed. As a configuration for loading raw wood and loading and unloading product charcoal on the trolley on the outer rail, a mode in which the trolley only reciprocates on the inner and outer rails is possible,
If the configuration is such that the vehicle travels freely on the external road surface, the usability is improved. In this case, the outer rail is provided so as to be inclined so that a step between the inner rail and the outer road surface is eliminated. Further, it is preferable that the cart can be turned by providing a free caster or the like. The form of the rail is not particularly limited as long as it can appropriately guide the wheel, but a simple example is a ridge-shaped one that can be engaged with an annular groove formed in the wheel. Can be Conversely, one having a guide groove into which the wheel can be fitted is also possible. Further, a mode in which only a part of the plurality of wheels is engaged with the rail as a guide wheel is also possible.

Further, it is preferable to have a driving device detachably connected to the cart and to drive the cart by pulling and pulling, so that the cart can be more easily taken in and out of the kiln.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The configuration of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a charcoal kiln constructed according to the present invention. This charcoal kiln is provided with a wood vinegar liquid collecting device 1 for collecting wood vinegar liquid from exhaust smoke, and the wood vinegar liquid collecting device 1 is provided with a smoke collecting body 3 disposed near an outlet of a smoke tube 2.
And a condenser cylinder 4 connected to the smoke collector 3 at an inlet end 4a and inclined so that an outlet end 4b faces upward.

The smoke collecting body 3 has a conical shape with a lower portion expanded in a shade shape. Smoke entering from a lower end opening is collected in a connecting portion 3a with the upper condensing cylinder 4 and introduced into the condensing cylinder 4. It has become so. A shaft 6 is provided at the top of the smoke collector 3, and the smoke collector 3 is supported by a bracket 8 fixed to a kiln body 7 via the shaft 6. The lower end opening of the smoke collector 3 faces the outlet of the smoke tube 2 that opens upward, and is spaced apart so as not to block it.

As shown in detail in FIG. 2, a bearing boss 9 through which the shaft 6 is inserted is provided at the tip of the bracket 8, and a pin 10 removably attached to the shaft 6 is provided on the upper surface of the bearing boss 9. And the shaft 6 is prevented from coming off.
The shaft 6 is provided with a plurality of rows of holes 11 through which the pins 10 are inserted at equal intervals in the axial direction, and as shown by an arrow A, the mounting height of the shaft 6 and the smoke collector 3 to the bracket 8. Can be adjusted step by step. It is to be noted that a configuration in which adjustment can be performed steplessly with a screw mechanism is also possible, but the configuration in which adjustment is performed stepwise with fasteners as described above has a simple configuration and the adjustment operation can be performed easily.

The condensing cylinder 4 is made of a straight pipe, and the material thereof is suitably selected from those having acid-resistant metal materials such as stainless steel and the like, which are chemically stable to wood vinegar liquid. Is done. The condensing cylinder 4 is kept below the dew point of the wood vinegar by the heat radiation from the outer surface. However, if necessary, a radiating means such as fins may be provided on the outer surface of the condensing cylinder 4.

The condensing cylinder 4 has an intermediate portion supported by a brace 13 having one end fixed to the upper end of the shaft 6. The brace 13 has a turn buckle 14 as an expansion and contraction means. By turning the turn buckle 14 to increase or decrease the substantial size of the brace 13, the brace 13 is provided with the inlet end 4a side as a fulcrum, and The inclination angle of the condenser cylinder 4 can be adjusted by inclining the condenser cylinder 4 in the up and down directions as shown. In this case, the connecting portion 3a with the inlet end 4a of the condensing cylinder 4 is formed of a flexible material so as not to restrict the vertical movement of the condensing cylinder 4. A flexible tube such as a rubber tube or a bellows tube may be provided between the inlet end 4a of the condensation tube 4 and the smoke collecting body 3 to provide flexibility.

The shaft 6 for supporting the smoke collector 3 is rotatably supported by the bearing boss 9 of the bracket 8 without being restricted by the pin 10 for rotation. The condensing cylinder 4 is rotatable around a vertical axis as shown by an arrow C. As a result, the outlet end 4b of the condensing cylinder 4 always faces downwind on the same principle as the anemometer. The condensing cylinder 4 is relatively long in order to obtain a certain degree of condensing ability, so that the above-mentioned turning can be realized by the wind pressure received by the condensing cylinder 4 itself. A blade corresponding to the arrow blade may be provided.

In the wood vinegar liquid recovery apparatus 1 constructed as described above, a part of the smoke discharged from the outlet of the smoke tube 2
As shown in detail in FIG. 2, the smoke collector 3 enters the smoke collector 3 from the lower end opening, and is introduced into the condensation tube 4 through the upper connecting portion 3 a of the smoke collector 3. Since the condenser cylinder 4 is disposed so as to be inclined so that the outlet end 4b faces upward, the smoke naturally flows toward the outlet end 4b and is discharged from the outlet end 4b. At this time, the wood vinegar is condensed and generated on the inner surface of the condensation cylinder 4 near the outside temperature. The wood vinegar flows down the inside of the condensing cylinder 4 toward the smoke collecting body 3 in the opposite direction to the smoke, and further flows down along the inner surface of the smoke collecting body 3 to form an inner peripheral portion of the lower end opening of the smoke collecting body 3. Vinegar liquid receiving part 1 formed in a gutter shape over the entire circumference
6 and an outlet 1 provided at the lower end of the smoke collector 3
It is collected by a tube 18 connected to 7.

By adjusting the distance between the opening of the smoke collector 3 and the outlet of the smoke tube 2 as described above, the introduction of the smoke into the condensation tube 4 in accordance with the amount of smoke discharged from the outlet of the smoke tube 2 The amount of the smoke can be adjusted, and the appropriate flow velocity of the smoke in the condensation tube 4 is ensured, and the temperature of the smoke introduced into the condensation tube 4 can be adjusted according to the outside air temperature. Can be realized. In addition, since a part of the smoke is introduced into the condensing cylinder 4, the emission of the smoke from the smoke tube 2 is not hindered, and appropriate combustion can be ensured. It can be installed without applying.

Further, by adjusting the inclination angle of the condenser cylinder 4 according to the wind speed or the like by rotating the turnbuckle 14 as described above, the smoke in the condenser cylinder 4 is maintained at a relatively low flow rate. And more efficient condensation can be realized. Further, as described above, since the outlet end 4b of the condenser cylinder 4 always faces the leeward direction, the flow of smoke in the condenser cylinder 4 can be secured without being affected by the wind direction.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the charcoal kiln according to the present invention includes a basket-shaped container 21 which accommodates raw wood and is stored inside the kiln body 7, and the basket-shaped container 21 is provided inside the kiln. Is mounted on a trolley 22 which can be put in and taken out. The carriage 22 includes an inner rail 23 disposed on the bottom surface inside the kiln body 7 and an outer rail 24 connected to the inner rail 23.
And is to be guided by. Thus, the carriage 22 can be easily taken in and out of the kiln, so that the raw wood can be carried in and the product charcoal can be carried out efficiently.

The inner and outer rails 23 and 24 have a ridge shape capable of engaging with an annular groove formed on the wheel 22a of the bogie 22. The outer rail 24 is provided to be inclined so as to communicate between the inner rail 23 and the outer road surface. The outer rail 24 is detachable from the kiln body 7 so as not to hinder opening and closing of the door 26. It is to be noted that a mode in which the outer rail 24 can be accommodated in the kiln body 7 by being folded or the like is also possible.

Here, the raw wood is stored inside the kiln body 7 in a state of being stored in the basket-like container 21,
The raw wood is carbonized as it is stored in the furnace, but at this time, the flow of combustion air and combustion gas is not hindered, so that the quality of the product charcoal does not need to be reduced. In FIG. 1, two rectangular basket-shaped containers 21 are stored inside the kiln body 7. The shape and the number of stored basket-shaped containers 21 depend on the form of the kiln body 7. May be set appropriately.

As shown in FIG. 4, the basket-shaped container 21 is composed of four side frames 31 to 34 on which wire mesh is stretched.
It stands upright and has a rectangular box shape with an open top. Here, the lower side edges of the side frames 32 and 34 on both sides in the traveling direction are pivotally connected to the bottom plate 35 so that the side frames can be opened and closed. Thereby, a part of the side surface of the basket-shaped container 21 is released, and each operation of loading the raw material wood into the basket-shaped container 21 and loading / unloading the product charcoal can be easily performed. The openable and closable side frames 32 and 34 are fixed to the stationary side frames 31 and 33 by fasteners 36 on both sides. Although a flat plate is used for the bottom plate 35 in FIG.
It is preferable to adopt a configuration in which a wire mesh is stretched in the same manner as in 1 to 34. Further, a fence or a perforated plate may be employed on the side and bottom surfaces of the basket-shaped container 21, so that the raw wood and the product charcoal are appropriately accommodated, and the appropriate flow of combustion air and combustion gas is hindered. It is appropriately selected according to the structure of the kiln so as not to do so.

As shown in FIG. 5, the carriage 22 is driven to be pushed and pulled by a driving device 41, so that the carriage 22 can be easily inserted into and removed from the inside of the kiln body 7 and can be easily moved on an external road surface. The driving device 41 is capable of moving forward and backward, and includes a main body 45 in which a motor 42, a battery 43 and a controller 44 are built in, a pair of left and right wheels 46 to which the driving force of the motor 42 is transmitted, A connecting portion 47 to be connected to the switch box 48;
And a handle 49 provided with

The connecting portion 47 extends from the bearing portion of the wheel 46 and has a hook 47a formed at the tip thereof. The hook 47a is driven by engaging the hook 47a with a connecting hole formed on the lower surface of the carriage 22. The device 41 and the carriage 22 are connected. At this time, the engagement between the hook 47a and the connection hole of the bogie 22 is maintained without providing a locking means because the center of gravity is on the side opposite to the connection portion 47 with the wheel 46 interposed therebetween due to the weight of the battery 43 or the like. The hook 47a of the connecting portion 47 is engaged with the carriage 22 only by operating the handle 49.
Can be removed. With the increase in the load due to the increase in the size of the cage, the load of the cage is applied to the drive wheels of the drive so that the drive can be pushed and pulled without causing slippage. It is preferable to increase the load. For this purpose, for example, it is only necessary to adopt a configuration in which a bogie is a two-wheel type and one side is connected so as to be able to share one side with the driving device. Becomes stable. When the truck and the drive unit are connected, the connecting operation is facilitated by supporting one side of the truck with a jack.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a charcoal kiln according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of the wood vinegar liquid recovery device shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view for explaining the principle of wood vinegar liquid recovery.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of the cart shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a side view showing the carriage and the driving device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Wood vinegar liquid recovery apparatus 2 Smoke tube 3 Smoke collecting body 4 Condensing tube, 4a Inlet end, 4b Exit end 6 Axis 7 Kiln body 8 Bracket 9 Bearing boss 10 Pin 13 Brace 14 Turnbuckle 16 Wood vinegar liquid receiving part 17 Outlet 18 Tube 21 basket-like container 22 trolley 23 inner rail 24 outer rail 26 door 31-34 side frame 35 bottom plate 36 fastener 41 drive unit 42 motor 43 battery 44 controller 45 body 46 wheel 47 connecting part, 47a hook 48 switch box 49 handle

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A wood vinegar liquid collecting means for collecting wood vinegar liquid from exhaust smoke, the wood vinegar liquid collecting means comprising a smoke collector disposed near an outlet of a smoke tube, and an inlet end provided to the smoke collector. A charcoal kiln comprising: a condensing cylinder that is connected and is inclined so that an outlet end thereof faces upward, and that cools smoke flowing through the inside and condenses and generates wood vinegar. 2. The smoke collector according to claim 1, wherein an inlet of the smoke collector is spaced apart from an outlet of the smoke tube, and an interval between the outlet of the smoke tube and the inlet of the smoke collector is adjustable. Item 2. A charcoal kiln according to item 1. 3. The charcoal kiln according to claim 1, wherein an inclination angle of the condenser cylinder is adjustable. 4. The condensing cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the condensing cylinder is rotatable around a vertical axis according to a wind direction so that an outlet end thereof always faces downwind. Charcoal kiln. 5. A receiving portion for wood vinegar which flows in from the inlet end of the condensing cylinder and flows down along the inner surface is provided at a lower end of the smoke collecting body having a cap shape. 1
The charcoal kiln according to claim 4. 6. A charcoal kiln having a basket-shaped container which accommodates raw wood and is stored inside the kiln, wherein the basket-shaped container is mounted on a cart which can be taken in and out of the kiln. 7. The apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising an inner rail disposed on a bottom surface inside the kiln and an outer rail connected to the inner rail for guiding the carriage.
The charcoal kiln described in. 8. The charcoal kiln according to claim 6, further comprising a driving device detachably connected to the truck and driving and pushing the truck.