JP2000086526A - Immunity activator and beverage containing the same - Google Patents
Immunity activator and beverage containing the sameInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000086526A JP2000086526A JP10258768A JP25876898A JP2000086526A JP 2000086526 A JP2000086526 A JP 2000086526A JP 10258768 A JP10258768 A JP 10258768A JP 25876898 A JP25876898 A JP 25876898A JP 2000086526 A JP2000086526 A JP 2000086526A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- extract
- water
- cacao
- cocoa
- husk
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 title description 2
- 244000299461 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 235000005764 Theobroma cacao ssp. cacao Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 235000005767 Theobroma cacao ssp. sphaerocarpum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 235000001046 cacaotero Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000009470 Theobroma cacao Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000003308 immunostimulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003022 immunostimulating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229960001438 immunostimulant agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000957 no side effect Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000002297 mitogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000003226 mitogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000035584 blastogenesis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000019219 chocolate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102220547770 Inducible T-cell costimulator_A23L_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015218 chewing gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940112822 chewing gum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008260 defense mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000469 ethanolic extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012091 fetal bovine serum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000013632 homeostatic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001525 mentha piperita l. herb oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000019477 peppermint oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUJBNYBVVQSIOU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-[2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)tetrazol-2-ium-5-yl]benzene-1,3-disulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1N1[N+](C=2C=CC(I)=CC=2)=NC(C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=N1 JUJBNYBVVQSIOU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004989 spleen cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001608472 Bifidobacterium longum Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000005623 Carcinogenesis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710088194 Dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000002249 Diabetes Complications Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010012655 Diabetic complications Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000292697 Polygonum aviculare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006386 Polygonum aviculare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006146 Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000007107 Stomach Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- -1 Sucrose Fatty Acid Ester Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 206010054094 Tumour necrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- IAIWVQXQOWNYOU-BAQGIRSFSA-N [(z)-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylideneamino]urea Chemical compound NC(=O)N\N=C/C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 IAIWVQXQOWNYOU-BAQGIRSFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002180 anti-stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940069765 bean extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940009291 bifidobacterium longum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036952 cancer formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000504 carcinogenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000006285 cell suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000001883 cholelithiasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016396 cytokine production Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005417 food ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015203 fruit juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000005917 gastric ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000411851 herbal medicine Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015243 ice cream Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036737 immune function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000016784 immunoglobulin production Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000091 immunopotentiator Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015094 jam Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940069445 licorice extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011962 puddings Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011888 snacks Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、カカオ豆(Theobr
oma cacao 種子)および/またはカカオ豆の外皮である
カカオハスクの抽出物を有効成分とする免疫賦活剤およ
びそれを含有し免疫賦活作用を有する飲食物に関する。The present invention relates to cocoa beans (Theobr
The present invention relates to an immunostimulant containing, as an active ingredient, an extract of cacao husk, which is the hull of oma cacao seed) and / or cacao beans, and a food and drink containing the immunostimulant and having an immunostimulatory action.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】免疫系は、生体の防御機構を構成する多
くの要素の中で特に重要であって、外来のウイルスや微
生物の侵入、さらには、癌細胞のような異物的自己物質
等に対して生体の恒常性を維持するのに機能している。
その免疫機能が、加齢、ストレス、疲労、環境因子等、
何らかの要因により低下した時に、各種の疾病や感染症
が引き起こされると考えられている。このため、生体の
防御機能である免疫力を強化することは、生体の恒常性
の維持に重要であるとされる。2. Description of the Related Art The immune system is particularly important among many elements constituting a defense mechanism of a living body, and is susceptible to invasion of foreign viruses and microorganisms, and to foreign self-materials such as cancer cells. On the other hand, it functions to maintain the homeostasis of the living body.
The immunity function, such as aging, stress, fatigue, environmental factors,
It is thought that various diseases and infectious diseases are caused when the decrease is caused by some factor. For this reason, it is considered that enhancing immunity, which is a defense function of a living body, is important for maintaining homeostasis of the living body.
【0003】近年、食品成分、漢方処方、生薬等の天然
抽出物を用いて、生体の防御機構を活性化する試みが研
究されており、リンパ球の幼若化(マイトジェン活
性)、抗体産生増強作用、マクロファージ活性化、サイ
トカインの産生、腫瘍壊死因子(tumor necrosis facto
r:TNF )の産生等、いろいろな観点からその評価がなさ
れている。[0003] In recent years, attempts have been made to use natural extracts such as food ingredients, Chinese herbal prescriptions, and crude drugs to activate the defense mechanism of the living body, which results in lymphocyte blastogenesis (mitogenic activity) and enhanced antibody production. Action, macrophage activation, cytokine production, tumor necrosis facto
r: TNF) has been evaluated from various viewpoints such as production.
【0004】特にリンパ球の幼若化は、免疫機能発現の
前提条件であることから、生体の免疫賦活作用を評価す
る一つの指標と考えられている。そのリンパ球の幼若化
に関しては、ビフィドバクテリウム・ロンガムの菌体成
分(特開平3−120222号公報)、漢方薬材料(特
開昭56−97233号公報)、乳中のペプチド(特開
平8−73499号公報)、オオイタドリ根茎熱水抽出
物(特開平6−56685号公報)、甘草抽出物(特開
平5−262658号公報)の有効性が報告されてい
る。これらは免疫増強剤として特許出願されているもの
である。[0004] In particular, the blastogenesis of lymphocytes is a prerequisite for the expression of immune functions, and is therefore considered to be one index for evaluating the immunostimulatory action of a living body. Regarding the lymphocyte blastogenesis, the cell components of Bifidobacterium longum (JP-A-3-120222), herbal medicine materials (JP-A-56-97233), and peptides in milk (JP-A-Heisei 56-97233) JP-A-8-73499), the hot water extract of Knotweed rhizome (JP-A-6-56685) and the licorice extract (JP-A-5-262658) are reported. These are patent applications as immunopotentiators.
【0005】ところで、これまで、チョコレートやココ
アの原料であるカカオ豆またはその外皮であるカカオハ
スクの免疫賦活作用に関する報告はなされていない。す
なわち、カカオ豆またはカカオハスクについては、過去
において、糖尿病の合併症予防作用(特開平9−234
018号公報)、発ガン予防作用(特開平9−2246
06号公報)、抗ストレス作用(特開平9−20602
6号公報)、胃潰瘍予防作用(特開平7−274894
号公報)、歯垢形成抑制作用(特開平7−238028
号公報)、抗酸化作用(特開平7−213251号公
報)、脂肪吸収抑制作用(特開平6−321796号公
報)、コレステロール上昇抑制作用(特開平6−987
18号公報および特開平3−181494号公報)、乳
酸菌増殖促進作用(特開平8−196268号公報)、
血圧上昇抑制作用(特開平3−181495号公報)、
コレステロール胆石形成抑制作用(特開平3−1814
96号公報)等が報告されているにすぎない。[0005] By the way, there has been no report on the immunostimulatory effect of cacao beans as a raw material of chocolate or cocoa or cacao husk as its outer skin. That is, cacao beans or cacao husks have been used in the past to prevent diabetic complications (JP-A-9-234).
018), a carcinogenesis preventive action (JP-A-9-2246)
No. 06), an anti-stress effect (JP-A-9-20602)
No. 6), a gastric ulcer prevention effect (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-274894).
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-238028)
JP, JP-A-7-213251), fat absorption inhibitory action (JP-A-6-321796), cholesterol elevation inhibitory action (JP-A-6-987).
No. 18, JP-A-3-181494), lactic acid bacteria growth promoting action (JP-A-8-196268),
A blood pressure rise inhibitory action (JP-A-3-181495);
Cholesterol gallstone formation inhibitory action (JP-A-3-1814)
No. 96) is merely reported.
【0006】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】発明者らは、安全性の
高い天然物を原料とし、生産が低コストで容易にでき、
副作用が全く無く、風味が良好で食品等に添加して日常
的に摂取することが可能な免疫賦活剤および免疫賦活作
用を有する飲食物を提供することを目的に、種々の食品
原料や植物抽出物について、マウスの脾臓細胞を用いて
リンパ球幼若化作用(マイトジェン活性)を指標にスク
リーニングを行った結果、カカオ豆および/またはカカ
オ豆の外皮であるカカオハスクから得られる抽出物に、
リンパ球を幼若化させる強い効果を見出し、本発明を完
成するに至ったものである。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present inventors have found that natural products having high safety can be used as raw materials, production can be easily performed at low cost,
Various food materials and plant extracts for the purpose of providing immunostimulants and foods and drinks having immunostimulatory effects that have no side effects, have a good flavor, can be added to foods, etc., and can be taken daily on a daily basis. The product was screened using the spleen cells of mice for lymphocyte blastogenesis (mitogenic activity) as an indicator. As a result, the extract obtained from cacao beans and / or cacao husk, which is the hull of cacao beans,
The inventors have found a strong effect of transforming lymphocytes into immature cells, and have completed the present invention.
【0007】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】すなわち、本発明免疫賦
活剤は、カカオ豆および/またはカカオ豆の外皮である
カカオハスクから得られる抽出物を有効成分とするもの
であり、また、本発明飲食物はかかる免疫賦活剤を含有
してなるものである。That is, the immunostimulant of the present invention contains cocoa beans and / or an extract obtained from cacao husk, which is the hull of cocoa beans, as an active ingredient. Comprises such an immunostimulant.
【0008】上記抽出物としては、水および/または水
と相溶性がある有機溶剤で抽出して得られる抽出物であ
ること、さらに、その抽出物は、分子量が12,000
以上の高分子画分であること、が好ましい。The above extract is an extract obtained by extraction with water and / or an organic solvent compatible with water, and the extract has a molecular weight of 12,000.
It is preferable that it is the above-mentioned high molecular fraction.
【0009】本発明で使用するカカオ豆は、アオギリ科
の常緑高木の果実中の種子で、一般にチョコレートやコ
コアの原料として使用されているものである。そのカカ
オ豆は、カカオニブとそれを被っているカカオハスクと
からなっており、これらを別々に使用することも、ある
いは豆全体を使用することも可能であり、また、生のま
まで、あるいは加熱処理して使用してもよい。カカオ豆
の外皮であるカカオハスクの抽出物は、特にマイトジェ
ン活性が高いこと、また、そのカカオハスクは、従来、
チョコレートやココア製造時にはカカオ豆から取り除か
れる不要物として扱われ、生産コストが安くなること等
からみて、カカオハスクの使用は効果的であると認めら
れる。The cocoa beans used in the present invention are seeds in the fruits of evergreen tree of the family Aguiridae, and are generally used as raw materials for chocolate and cocoa. The cocoa beans consist of cocoa nibs and cocoa husks overlying them and can be used separately or in whole, and can be used raw or heat-treated. You may use it. The extract of cacao husk, which is the hull of cacao beans, has a particularly high mitogenic activity.
The use of cacao husks is recognized to be effective because chocolate and cocoa are treated as unneeded materials that are removed from the cocoa beans and production costs are reduced.
【0010】本発明のカカオ豆またはカカオハスクから
抽出物を得る方法は、特に限定されない。すなわち、例
えば、クロロホルム、酢酸エチル、メタノール、エタノ
ール、ブタノール、アセトン、プロピレングリコール、
グリセリン、水等の溶剤もしくはこれらの混合液を用い
て抽出して得ることができるが、好ましくは、水もしく
は水と相溶性のある有機溶剤もしくはその混合液を使用
するのがよい。[0010] The method for obtaining the extract from the cacao beans or cacao husk of the present invention is not particularly limited. That is, for example, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, butanol, acetone, propylene glycol,
It can be obtained by extraction using a solvent such as glycerin or water, or a mixture thereof, but it is preferable to use water, an organic solvent compatible with water, or a mixture thereof.
【0011】水と相溶性のある溶剤としては、メタノー
ル、エタノール、アセトン、プロピレングリコール、グ
リセリン等のうちの一種だけを使用するほか、二種以上
を適宜混合したものを使用することができる。この場
合、水もしくは水とエタノールの混合溶液の使用が、抽
出および濃縮が容易であること、生体に対し安全である
こと、等からして最も好ましい。As a solvent compatible with water, only one of methanol, ethanol, acetone, propylene glycol, glycerin and the like may be used, or a mixture of two or more of them may be used. In this case, use of water or a mixed solution of water and ethanol is most preferable in terms of easy extraction and concentration, safety for living bodies, and the like.
【0012】抽出温度は、高温、室温、低温のいずれで
もよいが、50〜100℃で、1〜5時間程度抽出する
ことが好ましい。抽出液は、濾過し、抽出溶剤を留去し
た後濾液を減圧下で濃縮するか、あるいは凍結乾燥して
もよい。The extraction temperature may be any of high temperature, room temperature and low temperature, but it is preferable to extract at 50-100 ° C. for about 1-5 hours. The extract may be filtered, and after distilling off the extractant, the filtrate may be concentrated under reduced pressure or may be freeze-dried.
【0013】本発明免疫賦活剤としては、上記方法によ
り得られた抽出物をそのまま直接使用してもよいが、一
般的には適当な液体担体に溶解するかもしくは分散さ
せ、または、適当な粉末担体と混合するかもしくはこれ
に吸着させ、場合によっては、さらにこれらに乳化剤、
分散剤、懸濁剤、展着剤、浸透剤、湿潤剤、安定剤等を
添加し、乳剤、油剤、水和剤、散剤、錠剤、カプセル
剤、液剤等の製剤として使用する。As the immunostimulant of the present invention, the extract obtained by the above method may be used directly as it is, but it is generally dissolved or dispersed in an appropriate liquid carrier, or Mixed with a carrier or adsorbed thereto, and in some cases, further emulsifiers,
A dispersing agent, a suspending agent, a spreading agent, a penetrating agent, a wetting agent, a stabilizer and the like are added and used as a formulation such as an emulsion, an oil, a wettable powder, a powder, a tablet, a capsule, and a liquid.
【0014】製剤にして使用する場合における、抽出物
の添加量は製剤の形態によっても異なるが、0.001
重量%以上が好ましく、安全性に全く問題がないので特
に上限は規定しない。[0014] The amount of the extract to be added when used as a preparation varies depending on the form of the preparation.
% Or more is preferable, and there is no problem in safety.
【0015】上記免疫賦活剤を飲食物に添加して、免疫
賦活作用を有する本発明飲食物を得るに当たって、その
免疫賦活剤を飲食物に添加する方法としては、通常一般
的に行われている方法でよいが、好ましくは、色素、香
料等を添加するように最終工程で添加することが好まし
い。When the above-mentioned immunostimulant is added to food and drink to obtain the food and drink of the present invention having an immunostimulating action, the method of adding the immunostimulant to food and drink is generally performed. Although a method may be used, it is preferable to add it in the final step so as to add a dye, a fragrance and the like.
【0016】その飲食物としては、チューインガム,キ
ャンディ,錠菓,グミゼリー,チョコレート,ビスケッ
トまたはスナック等の菓子、アイスクリーム,シャーベ
ットまたは氷菓等の冷菓、飲料、プリン、ジャム、乳製
品等が挙げられ、これらの飲食物を日常的に摂取するこ
とにより免疫力を強化する事が可能となる。これらの飲
食物に対する本発明免疫賦活剤の添加量としては、飲食
物の形態によっても異なるが、0.001重量%以上の
添加が望ましく、嗜好性の面からは5重量%以下の添加
が好ましい。The foods and drinks include confectionery such as chewing gum, candy, tablet confectionery, gummy jelly, chocolate, biscuit or snack, ice confectionery such as ice cream, sherbet or ice confection, beverage, pudding, jam, dairy product, etc. Daily intake of these foods and drinks can enhance immunity. The addition amount of the immunostimulant of the present invention to these foods and drinks depends on the form of the food and drink, but is preferably 0.001% by weight or more, and from the viewpoint of palatability, 5% by weight or less is preferable. .
【0017】[0017]
【発明の実施の形態】以下まず、本発明免疫賦活剤の実
施例1〜5と試験例を具体的に説明する。しかし、本発
明はこれらに限定されるものではない。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION First, Examples 1 to 5 and test examples of the immunostimulant of the present invention will be specifically described below. However, the present invention is not limited to these.
【0018】〔実施例1〕カカオ豆1kgを粉砕し、へ
キサン5リットルで2回抽出し、脂肪分を除去した。脱
脂カカオ豆を風乾後、水5リットルで2時間還流抽出を
行った。抽出液を遠心分離し、その上清を濾過した。濾
液を減圧濃縮後、凍結乾燥することにより茶褐色の粉末
(本発明免疫賦活剤)105gを得た。Example 1 1 kg of cocoa beans was ground and extracted twice with 5 liters of hexane to remove fat. After air-drying the defatted cocoa beans, reflux extraction was performed with 5 L of water for 2 hours. The extract was centrifuged and the supernatant was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and freeze-dried to obtain 105 g of a brown powder (the immunostimulator of the present invention).
【0019】〔実施例2〕カカオ豆より外皮であるカカ
オハスクを分離した。そのカカオハスク1kgを粉砕
し、水5リットルで2時間還流抽出を行った。抽出液を
遠心分離し、その上清を濾過した。濾液を減圧濃縮後、
凍結乾燥することにより茶褐色の粉末(本発明免疫賦活
剤)115gを得た。Example 2 Cacao husks, which are hulls, were separated from cocoa beans. 1 kg of the cacao husk was pulverized and subjected to reflux extraction with 5 liters of water for 2 hours. The extract was centrifuged and the supernatant was filtered. After concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure,
By freeze-drying, 115 g of a brown powder (the immunostimulant of the present invention) was obtained.
【0020】〔実施例3〕カカオ豆より外皮であるカカ
オハスクを分離した。そのカカオハスク1kgを粉砕
し、ヘキサン5リットルで2回抽出し、脂肪分を除去し
た。脱脂カカオハスクを風乾後、水5リットルで2時間
還流抽出を行った。抽出液を遠心分離し、その上清を濾
過した。濾液を減圧濃縮後、凍結乾燥することにより茶
褐色の粉末(本発明免疫賦活剤)120gを得た。Example 3 A cocoa husk, an outer hull, was separated from cocoa beans. 1 kg of the cacao husk was ground and extracted twice with 5 liters of hexane to remove fat. After air-drying the defatted cacao husk, it was subjected to reflux extraction with 5 liters of water for 2 hours. The extract was centrifuged and the supernatant was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and freeze-dried to obtain 120 g of a brownish powder (the immunostimulant of the present invention).
【0021】〔実施例4〕実施例3に示した方法により
調製した脱脂カカオハスクを、30%エタノール5リッ
トルで2時間還流抽出を行った。抽出液を遠心分離し、
その上清を濾過した。濾液を減圧濃縮後、凍結乾燥する
ことにより茶褐色の粉末(本発明免疫賦活剤)125g
を得た。Example 4 The defatted cacao husk prepared by the method shown in Example 3 was subjected to reflux extraction with 5 liters of 30% ethanol for 2 hours. Centrifuge the extract,
The supernatant was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and freeze-dried to give a brown powder (the immunostimulant of the present invention) 125 g.
I got
【0022】〔実施例5〕実施例2に示した方法により
得たカカオハスク水抽出物2.0gを精製水150ml
に溶解し、分画分子量12,000の透析チューブに充
填後、精製水3リットル中で1回12時間3回透析処理
を行った。その後、透析チューブ内容物を凍結乾燥しカ
カオハスク水抽出物の高分子画分(本発明免疫賦活剤)
1.04gを得た。Example 5 2.0 g of a cocoa husk water extract obtained by the method described in Example 2 was mixed with 150 ml of purified water.
And filled in a dialysis tube having a molecular weight cut off of 12,000, and dialyzed once in 3 liters of purified water for 12 hours for 3 times. Thereafter, the content of the dialysis tube is freeze-dried, and the high molecular fraction of the cacao husk water extract (the immunostimulant of the present invention)
1.04 g was obtained.
【0023】〔マイトジェン活性試験〕実施例1〜5に
かかる本発明免疫賦活剤を試料とし、マイトジェン活性
を調べた。マイトジェン活性は、ICRマウス(5〜8
週齢、雄)より得た脾臓細胞を用い、WST−1試薬
(同仁化学研究所)により細胞の脱水素酵素活性を指標
に測定した。マウスより摘出した脾臓を、RPMI 1
640培地中でワイヤーメッシュを用い穏やかに磨砕
し、単一細胞浮遊液を得た。細胞を同培地で3回洗浄
後、牛胎児血清(FBS)10%を含む同培地で3.5
×106個に希釈し、96穴マイクロプレートに190
μlずつ分注した。[Mitogen activity test] The immunostimulants of the present invention according to Examples 1 to 5 were used as samples to examine mitogen activity. Mitogen activity was measured in ICR mice (5-8
(Week-old, male), and using spleen cells, the dehydrogenase activity of the cells was measured using WST-1 reagent (Dojindo Laboratories) as an index. The spleen removed from the mouse was replaced with RPMI 1
The suspension was gently ground using a wire mesh in 640 medium to obtain a single cell suspension. After washing the cells three times with the same medium, the cells are washed with the same medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 3.5 times.
× 10 diluted to 6 cells and placed in a 96-well microplate at 190
Dispensed in μl.
【0024】さらに、マイトジェン活性測定用試料を2
0%エタノール水溶液で規定濃度に調製したもの(ブラ
ンクは20%エタノール水溶液)を各ウエルに10μl
ずつ分注した(最終濃度で200、20、2μg/m
l)。5%CO2、37℃の環境下で72時間培養した
後、各ウエルにWST−1試薬(最終濃度5mM)20
μlを加え、撹拌後さらに4時間培養した。培養後、マ
イクロプレートリーダーで測定波長415nm、参照波
長630nmで吸光度を測定し、マイトジェン活性の比
較を行った。Further, two samples for measuring mitogen activity were prepared.
A solution prepared to a specified concentration with a 0% ethanol aqueous solution (blank is a 20% ethanol aqueous solution) was added to each well in an amount of 10 μl.
(Final concentration: 200, 20, 2 μg / m
l). After culturing for 72 hours in an environment of 5% CO 2 and 37 ° C., 20 WST-1 reagent (final concentration 5 mM) was added to each well.
μl was added, and the mixture was further cultured after stirring for 4 hours. After the culture, the absorbance was measured at a measurement wavelength of 415 nm and a reference wavelength of 630 nm using a microplate reader to compare mitogenic activities.
【0025】試験結果を図1のグラフに示した。試験結
果より、実施例1〜5の本発明免疫賦活剤すべてにマイ
トジェン活性が検出された。また、実施例2、3、4に
示したカカオハスク抽出物は、実施例1のカカオ豆抽出
物よりも活性が高いことが確認された。さらに、実施例
5のカカオハスク水抽出物の分子量12,000以上の
高分子画分はマイトジェン活性が上昇していることか
ら、その活性成分は高分子成分と考えられた。The test results are shown in the graph of FIG. From the test results, mitogenic activity was detected in all of the immunostimulants of the present invention of Examples 1 to 5. Further, it was confirmed that the cocoa husk extract shown in Examples 2, 3, and 4 had higher activity than the cocoa bean extract of Example 1. Furthermore, since the high molecular fraction of the cocoa husk water extract of Example 5 having a molecular weight of 12,000 or more had an increased mitogenic activity, the active component was considered to be a high molecular component.
【0026】次に実施例6〜11により処方した本発明
飲食物のついて説明する。ただし、本発明はこれらに限
定されるものではない。Next, the food and drink of the present invention formulated according to Examples 6 to 11 will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to these.
【0027】 〔実施例6−散剤の処方〕 乳糖 70.0% 馬鈴薯デンプン 20.0 カカオハスク水抽出物(実施例2) 10.0 100.0%[Example 6-Formulation of powder] Lactose 70.0% Potato starch 20.0 Cocoa husk water extract (Example 2) 10.0 100.0%
【0028】 〔実施例7−錠剤の処方〕 D−マンニトール 40.0% 乳糖 35.0 結晶セルロース 10.0 ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース 5.0 カカオハスク水抽出物(実施例3) 10.0 100.0%Example 7-Formulation of tablets D-mannitol 40.0% Lactose 35.0 Microcrystalline cellulose 10.0 Hydroxypropylcellulose 5.0 Cocoa husk water extract (Example 3) 10.0 100.0%
【0029】 〔実施例8−チューインガムの処方〕 ガムベース 20.0% 砂糖 54.3 グルコース 15.0 水飴 9.3 ペパーミントオイル 0.4 カカオハスク30%エタノール抽出物(実施例4) 1.0 100.0%Example 8 Formulation of Chewing Gum Gum Base 20.0% Sugar 54.3 Glucose 15.0 Syrup Cane 9.3 Peppermint Oil 0.4 Cacao Husk 30% Ethanol Extract (Example 4) 1.0 100.0%
【0030】 〔実施例9−キャンディの処方〕 砂糖 50.0% 水飴 34.0 クエン酸 1.0 ペパーミントオイル 0.2 カカオハスク30%エタノール抽出物(実施例4) 1.0 水 13.8 100.0%Example 9-Candy Formula Sugar 50.0% starch syrup 34.0 citric acid 1.0 peppermint oil 0.2 cacao husk 30% ethanol extract (Example 4) 1.0 water 13.8 100.0%
【0031】 〔実施例10−錠菓の処方〕 砂糖 75.6% グルコース 19.0 ショ糖脂肪酸エステル 0.2 カカオハスク水抽出物高分子画分(実施例5) 2.0 水 3.2 100.0%Example 10-Formulation of Tablet Confectionery Sugar 75.6% Glucose 19.0 Sucrose Fatty Acid Ester 0.2 Cacao Husk Water Extract High Molecular Fraction (Example 5) 2.0 Water 3.2 100.0%
【0032】 〔実施例11−飲料の処方〕 オレンジ果汁 30.0% 異性化糖 15.0 クエン酸 0.1 ビタミンC 0.1 香料 0.1 カカオハスク水抽出物高分子画分(実施例5) 1.0 水 53.7 100.0%Example 11-Beverage Formula Orange Fruit Juice 30.0% Isomerized Sugar 15.0 Citric Acid 0.1 Vitamin C 0.1 Fragrance 0.1 Cocoa Husk Water Extract High Molecular Fraction (Example 5) 1.0 Water 53.7 100.0%
【0033】[0033]
【発明の効果】以上述べたところから明らかなように、
本発明によれば次の効果を奏する。As is apparent from the above description,
According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
【0034】本発明免疫賦活剤は、強いマイトジェン活
性を有し、生体の免疫力を強化する作用を有する。特
に、安全性の高い天然物であるをカカオ豆および/また
はカカオ豆の外皮であるカカオハスクを原料とする抽出
物であるから、安全性に問題がないとともに、生体に対
する副作用もない。しかも、原料自体が安価であるから
低いコストで容易に生産できる。The immunostimulant of the present invention has a strong mitogenic activity and has an effect of enhancing the immunity of a living body. In particular, since it is a natural product with high safety, it is an extract using cocoa beans and / or cacao husk, which is the hull of cocoa beans, as a raw material. Moreover, since the raw material itself is inexpensive, it can be easily produced at low cost.
【0035】本発明飲食物は風味が良好であり、これを
食することによって免疫賦活成分を日常的に摂取するこ
とが可能で、加齢、ストレス、疲労、環境因子等によっ
て低下した免疫力を回復し、各種の疾病や感染症を予防
することができる。The food and drink of the present invention have a good flavor, and by eating the food and drink, it is possible to ingest an immunostimulatory component on a daily basis, and to reduce immunity caused by aging, stress, fatigue, environmental factors and the like. It can recover and prevent various diseases and infectious diseases.
【図1】本発明免疫賦活剤のマイトジェン活性試験の結
果を示すものである。FIG. 1 shows the results of a mitogen activity test of the immunostimulant of the present invention.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 FI テーマコート゛(参考) A23L 2/38 A61K 9/20 B A61K 9/20 A23L 2/00 F Fターム(参考) 4B014 GB06 GB08 GB13 GG06 GK06 4B017 LC03 LG04 LG14 4B018 MD57 ME14 MF01 4C076 AA12 AA13 AA30 BB01 CC07 DD38A DD67A EE31A EE32A EE38A EE58A FF01 FF11 FF12 GG41 GG44 4C088 AB12 AC04 BA08 BA09 BA10 BA26 BA27 MA17 MA52 NA14 ZB09 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) A23L 2/38 A61K 9/20 B A61K 9/20 A23L 2/00 FF term (Reference) 4B014 GB06 GB08 GB13 GG06 GK06 4B017 LC03 LG04 LG14 4B018 MD57 ME14 MF01 4C076 AA12 AA13 AA30 BB01 CC07 DD38A DD67A EE31A EE32A EE38A EE58A FF01 FF11 FF12 GG41 GG44 4C088 AB12 AC04 BA08 BA09 MA10 BA26 BA27 MA27
Claims (5)
することを特徴とする免疫賦活剤。1. An immunostimulant comprising an extract obtained from cocoa beans as an active ingredient.
られる抽出物を有効成分とすることを特徴とする免疫賦
活剤。2. An immunostimulant comprising, as an active ingredient, an extract obtained from cacao husk, which is the hull of cacao beans.
る有機溶剤で抽出して得られる抽出物であることを特徴
とする請求項1または2記載の免疫賦活剤。3. The immunostimulant according to claim 1, wherein the extract is an extract obtained by extraction with water and / or an organic solvent compatible with water.
あるカカオハスクから水および/または水と相溶性があ
る有機溶剤で抽出して得られ、分子量が好ましくは1
2,000以上の高分子画分の抽出物を有効成分とする
ことを特徴とする免疫賦活剤。4. A cocoa bean and / or a cocoa husk, which is the hull of cocoa beans, obtained by extracting with water and / or an organic solvent compatible with water and having a molecular weight of preferably 1
An immunostimulator comprising an extract of a polymer fraction of 2,000 or more as an active ingredient.
剤を含有し免疫賦活作用を有することを特徴とする飲食
物。5. A food or drink comprising the immunostimulating agent according to claim 1 and having an immunostimulating action.
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JP10258768A JP2000086526A (en) | 1998-09-11 | 1998-09-11 | Immunity activator and beverage containing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP10258768A JP2000086526A (en) | 1998-09-11 | 1998-09-11 | Immunity activator and beverage containing the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2000086526A true JP2000086526A (en) | 2000-03-28 |
Family
ID=17324825
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP10258768A Pending JP2000086526A (en) | 1998-09-11 | 1998-09-11 | Immunity activator and beverage containing the same |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20000012640A (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2000-03-06 | 주육현 | Production of hormone power improved in immunity function |
WO2002060457A1 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2002-08-08 | Amato Pharmaceutical Products,Ltd. | Anti-stress agents |
JP2003265110A (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2003-09-24 | Fuji Oil Co Ltd | Excellently dispersible cocoa powder composition |
EP1352570A1 (en) * | 2000-12-20 | 2003-10-15 | Fuji Oil Company, Ltd. | Cacao husk-origin water soluble dietary fiber, process for producing the same, foods and drinks with the use thereof and process for producing the same |
JP2006265219A (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2006-10-05 | Oriza Yuka Kk | Diet composition |
CN103005553A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2013-04-03 | 天津科技大学 | Preparation method of traditional Chinese medicine compound beverage for boosting immunity |
-
1998
- 1998-09-11 JP JP10258768A patent/JP2000086526A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20000012640A (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2000-03-06 | 주육현 | Production of hormone power improved in immunity function |
EP1352570A1 (en) * | 2000-12-20 | 2003-10-15 | Fuji Oil Company, Ltd. | Cacao husk-origin water soluble dietary fiber, process for producing the same, foods and drinks with the use thereof and process for producing the same |
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WO2002060457A1 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2002-08-08 | Amato Pharmaceutical Products,Ltd. | Anti-stress agents |
JP2003265110A (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2003-09-24 | Fuji Oil Co Ltd | Excellently dispersible cocoa powder composition |
JP2006265219A (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2006-10-05 | Oriza Yuka Kk | Diet composition |
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