JP2000035521A - Optical fiber - Google Patents
Optical fiberInfo
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- JP2000035521A JP2000035521A JP11116360A JP11636099A JP2000035521A JP 2000035521 A JP2000035521 A JP 2000035521A JP 11116360 A JP11116360 A JP 11116360A JP 11636099 A JP11636099 A JP 11636099A JP 2000035521 A JP2000035521 A JP 2000035521A
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- Prior art keywords
- core
- optical fiber
- refractive index
- light
- wavelength
- Prior art date
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、光ファイバに関
し、詳しくは、光通信ネットワークおよび光信号処理に
用いられる伝送媒体に関する。The present invention relates to an optical fiber, and more particularly, to an optical communication network and a transmission medium used for optical signal processing.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】図１は、従来の光ファイバの構成を示す
断面図である。図１において、１１はコア、１２はクラ
ッド、１３はジャケットである。2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the structure of a conventional optical fiber. In FIG. 1, 11 is a core, 12 is a clad, and 13 is a jacket.
【０００３】図２は、図１に示した従来の光ファイバの
屈折率分布を示す。２ａ´、２ｂ´、２ｃはそれぞれコ
ア、クラッド、ジャケットの直径を表し、実用ファイバ
の代表的な値としてはそれぞれ４μｍ、１５．９μｍ、
１２５μｍである。FIG. 2 shows a refractive index distribution of the conventional optical fiber shown in FIG. 2a ', 2b', and 2c represent the diameters of the core, the cladding, and the jacket, respectively. Typical values of the practical fiber are 4 μm and 15.9 μm, respectively.
125 μm.
【０００４】Δｎ２、Δｎ３は、それぞれコア１１とジ
ャケット１３の屈折率差およびクラッド１２とジャケッ
ト１３の屈折率差を表し、両者の代表的な値は０．７５
％および０．１１％である。[0004] Δn2 and Δn3 represent the refractive index difference between the core 11 and the jacket 13 and the refractive index difference between the clad 12 and the jacket 13, respectively.
% And 0.11%.
【０００５】従来の光通信用光ファイバは、コア、クラ
ッドともに主として石英ガラスによって構成されてお
り、コアにＧｅＯ2やＰ2Ｏ5などの添加物を加えること
でコアの屈折率を上昇させてコア部に光パワーを集中さ
せて光ファイバ中の光を伝搬させる構造となっている。In a conventional optical fiber for optical communication, both the core and the clad are mainly made of quartz glass, and the refractive index of the core is increased by adding an additive such as GeO 2 or P 2 O 5 to the core. The structure is such that the optical power is concentrated on the core and the light in the optical fiber propagates.
【０００６】この従来の光ファイバにおいては、ファイ
バのコア１１の屈折率がクラッド１２の屈折率よりも高
いため、この屈折率差によって光ファイバに入射した光
はファイバのコア１１に閉じ込められて光ファイバ中を
伝搬する。この屈折率差による光の閉じ込めを行う場
合、伝搬する光の単一モード条件を満たすためにはコア
径は４μｍ程度と小さい。しかしながら、光通信ネット
ワークおよび光信号処理の高度化に伴って、容量の高い
光ファイバの提供が所望されている。In this conventional optical fiber, the refractive index of the fiber core 11 is higher than the refractive index of the cladding 12, so that the light incident on the optical fiber is confined in the fiber core 11 by this refractive index difference. Propagating through the fiber. When light is confined by this refractive index difference, the core diameter is as small as about 4 μm in order to satisfy the single mode condition of propagating light. However, with the advancement of optical communication networks and optical signal processing, it has been desired to provide optical fibers with high capacity.
【０００７】T. A. Birksらは、"Endless single-mode
photonic crystal fiber", OpticsLetters, vol. 22, N
o. 13, pp. 961-963, 1997および"Single-mode photoni
c crystal fiber with an indefinitely large core",
Technical Digest of the 1998 Conference on Lasers
and Electro-optics, CWE4, pp. 226-227において、空
孔を設けないコア部分と、空孔を六角形に配列したクラ
ッド部分とを具えた石英ガラスから成る光ファイバを開
示した。これによれば、コア径が従来の光ファイバより
も大きいが、単一モード特性を保つことができる。この
光ファイバにおいても、クラッドの屈折率はコアの屈折
率より小さく、したがって、空孔を有しない従来の光フ
ァイバと同様に、光は全反射により導かれる。[0007] TA Birks et al., "Endless single-mode
photonic crystal fiber ", OpticsLetters, vol. 22, N
o. 13, pp. 961-963, 1997 and "Single-mode photoni
c crystal fiber with an indefinitely large core ",
Technical Digest of the 1998 Conference on Lasers
and Electro-optics, CWE4, pp. 226-227, disclosed an optical fiber made of quartz glass having a core portion having no holes and a cladding portion having holes arranged in a hexagon. According to this, although the core diameter is larger than that of the conventional optical fiber, single mode characteristics can be maintained. Also in this optical fiber, the refractive index of the cladding is smaller than the refractive index of the core, so that light is guided by total internal reflection, as in a conventional optical fiber having no holes.
【０００８】このような従来の光ファイバ中を短光パル
スや、高出力光信号を伝搬させる際には、コアが石英ガ
ラスで構成されているため、種々の欠点がある。すなわ
ち、石英ガラス中の不純物による吸収および散乱、さら
にはコア内に閉じこめられた光信号のピークパワーが１
０ｍＷ程度を超えると、石英ガラスの光非線形光学効果
によって、自己位相変調効果により光信号のスペクトル
幅が増加し、およびブリュアン散乱により入射パワーが
飽和する。その結果、光波形の歪みや光ファイバへの入
射パワーの飽和が生じる。したがって、光ファイバ中を
伝搬する光信号の伝送特性の劣化を招く。現在、最も低
損失な光ファイバでも、０．２ｄＢ／ｋｍ程度の損失を
生じるため、光の減衰が一層少ない光ファイバの開発が
望まれている。When a short optical pulse or a high-power optical signal is propagated in such a conventional optical fiber, there are various disadvantages because the core is made of silica glass. That is, absorption and scattering by impurities in the quartz glass, and furthermore, the peak power of the optical signal confined in the core is 1
If it exceeds about 0 mW, the spectrum width of the optical signal increases due to the self-phase modulation effect due to the optical nonlinear optical effect of quartz glass, and the incident power is saturated due to Brillouin scattering. As a result, distortion of the optical waveform and saturation of the incident power to the optical fiber occur. Therefore, the transmission characteristics of the optical signal propagating in the optical fiber are deteriorated. At present, even the optical fiber having the lowest loss generates a loss of about 0.2 dB / km, and therefore, there is a demand for the development of an optical fiber with less light attenuation.
【０００９】一方、周波数により、また偏波方向によ
り、光の伝搬特性が根本的に影響される多次元周期構造
体、いわゆるフォトニック結晶が知られている。J. D.
Joannopoulousらは、 Photonic Crystals, Princeton U
niversity Press, pp. 122-126, 1995において、フォト
ニック結晶の格子構造を開示し、また、米国特許第５，
７８４，４００号において、フォトニックバンドギャッ
プを利用した共振空胴を開示する。さらにまた、Ulrike
Gruningらは、ＷＯ９７／０４３４０において、フォト
ニックバンドギャップを用いた光学構造物を開示する。
しかしながら、コアの屈折率に依存せず、フォトニック
バンドギャップを有するクラッドを具えた構造の光ファ
イバについて開示しているものはない。On the other hand, there is known a multidimensional periodic structure in which the propagation characteristics of light are fundamentally affected by the frequency and the polarization direction, that is, a so-called photonic crystal. JD
Joannopoulous et al., Photonic Crystals, Princeton U
niversity Press, pp. 122-126, 1995, disclose the lattice structure of photonic crystals and refer to US Pat.
No. 784,400 discloses a resonant cavity utilizing a photonic bandgap. Furthermore, Ulrike
Gruning et al. In WO 97/04340 disclose an optical structure using a photonic band gap.
However, there is no disclosure of an optical fiber having a structure including a clad having a photonic band gap without depending on the refractive index of the core.
【００１０】[0010]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明の課題は、光非
線形現象の影響や材料分散の影響を避けることができ、
したがって、高速、高パワー光の伝送に大きな効果があ
る光ファイバを提供することにある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to avoid the effects of optical nonlinear phenomena and the effects of material dispersion.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an optical fiber having a great effect for transmitting high-speed, high-power light.
【００１１】[0011]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者は、このような
課題を解決するために、光の波長の数倍程度の領域をも
つコアと、光の波長の１／２に等しい格子間隔を有する
回折格子、すなわちフォトニックバンドギャップ構造を
有するクラッドを具えることにより、高速、高パワー光
の伝送に大きな効果がある光ファイバを提供できること
を見出した。In order to solve such a problem, the present inventor has proposed a method in which a core having an area several times the wavelength of light and a lattice spacing equal to 1/2 of the wavelength of light are used. It has been found that the provision of a diffraction grating having a photonic band gap structure, ie, a cladding having a photonic band gap structure, makes it possible to provide an optical fiber having a great effect on high-speed, high-power light transmission.
【００１２】すなわち、本発明の第１の形態である光フ
ァイバは、光の波長の数倍程度の領域をもつコアと、コ
アの周囲に配置され、光の波長の１／２に等しい格子間
隔を有する回折格子を少なくともコアに隣接する周囲領
域に設けたクラッドとを具える。That is, the optical fiber according to the first embodiment of the present invention comprises a core having a region several times as large as the wavelength of light, and a lattice spacing disposed around the core and equal to half the wavelength of light. And a cladding provided at least in a peripheral region adjacent to the core.
【００１３】また、本発明の第２の形態である光ファイ
バは、光の波長の数倍程度の領域をもち、および中空で
あるコアと、コアの周囲に配置され、光の波長の１／２
に等しい格子間隔を有する回折格子を少なくともコアに
隣接する周囲領域に設けたクラッドとを具える。An optical fiber according to a second embodiment of the present invention has a region several times as long as the wavelength of light, and has a hollow core, and is disposed around the core, and has an area equal to one-half of the wavelength of light. 2
And a cladding provided with a diffraction grating having a grating spacing equal to at least a peripheral region adjacent to the core.
【００１４】さらにまた、本発明の第３の形態である光
ファイバは、光の波長の数倍程度の領域をもつコアと、
コアの周囲に配置され、光の波長の１／２に等しい格子
間隔を有する回折格子を少なくともコアに隣接する周囲
領域に設けたクラッドとを具え、コアの屈折率とクラッ
ドの媒質の屈折率とが等しく、およびクラッドにおける
回折格子は、屈折率の低い媒質中に屈折率の高い材料を
埋め込んだ格子構造を有する。Further, an optical fiber according to a third aspect of the present invention comprises a core having a region several times the wavelength of light,
A cladding provided around the core and having a diffraction grating having a grating interval equal to one-half of the wavelength of light at least in a peripheral region adjacent to the core; and a refractive index of the core and a refractive index of a medium of the cladding. And the diffraction grating in the cladding has a grating structure in which a high refractive index material is embedded in a low refractive index medium.
【００１５】本発明において、コアは、光の波長の数倍
程度、好ましくは１０〜５０ミクロンの領域である。コ
アを光の波長の数倍程度にすることにより、光ファイバ
の許容入射光パワーを大きくすることができる。In the present invention, the core has a region of several times the wavelength of light, preferably 10 to 50 microns. By making the core several times the wavelength of light, the allowable incident light power of the optical fiber can be increased.
【００１６】[0016]
【発明の実施の形態】本実施例による光ファイバを図３
に示す。図３において、コア１は空孔であり、中に空気
が入っている。コア１は空孔であるときに屈折率が最も
低くなり、その屈折率は空気の屈折率に等しくほぼ１で
ある。中空孔で構成したコアは、光の散乱要因がないた
め、最も好ましい。２はクラッドである。このクラッド
２は、マトリクス状に空孔を配列することにより形成さ
れた回折格子を有するフォトニックバンドギャップ構造
を有する。３はクラッドの外側に設けたジャケットであ
る。FIG. 3 shows an optical fiber according to this embodiment.
Shown in In FIG. 3, the core 1 is a hole, and air is contained therein. The core 1 has the lowest refractive index when it is a hole, and its refractive index is almost equal to the refractive index of air. The core constituted by a hollow hole is most preferable because it has no light scattering factor. 2 is a clad. The clad 2 has a photonic band gap structure having a diffraction grating formed by arranging holes in a matrix. Reference numeral 3 denotes a jacket provided outside the clad.
【００１７】本実施例の光ファイバは、信号光のエネル
ギーが最も集中するコア１が中空であるため、光の散乱
要因がない。したがって、本実施例の光ファイバでは、
コアが石英ガラスから成る従来の光ファイバの損失より
もはるかに少ない０．０１ｄＢ／ｋｍ程度の損失特性が
期待できる。In the optical fiber of this embodiment, since the core 1 where the energy of the signal light is concentrated most is hollow, there is no light scattering factor. Therefore, in the optical fiber of the present embodiment,
A loss characteristic of about 0.01 dB / km, which is much smaller than that of a conventional optical fiber whose core is made of quartz glass, can be expected.
【００１８】図３に示すように、本発明の光ファイバ
は、その断面方向において、格子状の構造を有し、長さ
方向には同一の構造を維持する。つまり、三次元のフォ
トニックバンドギャップは、格子状の点が三次元的に分
布しているのではなく、長手方向に均一に存在する。し
たがって、本ファイバの断面は、光ファイバの作成プロ
セスによる形状のゆらぎを無視すれば、至る所同じ構造
であり、光ファイバの長さ方向に直交または斜交するよ
うな構造は存在しない。つまり、図３のフォトニックバ
ンドギャップクラッド２の中にある格子状の点は、長手
方向に連続して延在しており、長手方向の何れの箇所で
切断しても同一の切断面となる。As shown in FIG. 3, the optical fiber of the present invention has a lattice-like structure in the cross-sectional direction and maintains the same structure in the length direction. That is, in the three-dimensional photonic band gap, lattice points are not distributed three-dimensionally but exist uniformly in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, the cross section of the present fiber has the same structure everywhere if the fluctuation of the shape due to the manufacturing process of the optical fiber is ignored, and there is no structure that is orthogonal or oblique to the length direction of the optical fiber. That is, the lattice-like points in the photonic band gap clad 2 of FIG. 3 extend continuously in the longitudinal direction, and the same cut surface is obtained even when cut at any point in the longitudinal direction. .
【００１９】図１に示した従来の光ファイバにおいて
は、コア１１の屈折率がクラッド１２よりも高く（屈折
率差：Δｎ３−Δｎ２）、光はコア部分に比較的強く閉
じ込められるため、コア１１のコア径２ａ´のみを単に
拡大するとコア１１中の単一モード条件が満たされなく
なる。In the conventional optical fiber shown in FIG. 1, the refractive index of the core 11 is higher than that of the clad 12 (refractive index difference: Δn3−Δn2), and light is confined relatively strongly in the core. If only the core diameter 2a 'of the above is simply enlarged, the single mode condition in the core 11 will not be satisfied.
【００２０】光ファイバ中の基本モードはＨＥ11モード
であるが、コア径２ａ´を拡大するにつれ、高次モード
であるＨＥ12またはＨＥ21モードが発生してコア１１中
に複数のモードが存在するいわゆる、多モードファイバ
となり、伝送特性が劣化する。[0020] The basic mode of the optical fiber is a HE 11 mode, as enlarging the core diameter 2a ', there are a plurality of modes in the core 11 HE 12 or HE 21 mode is higher mode occurs This is a so-called multimode fiber, and the transmission characteristics deteriorate.
【００２１】単に、コア１１の屈折率をクラッド１２の
屈折率よりも低くしただけでは、光のエネルギーをコア
１１に閉じ込めることはできない。The energy of light cannot be confined in the core 11 simply by making the refractive index of the core 11 lower than that of the clad 12.
【００２２】そこで、本発明では、クラッド２が光の波
長の１／２に等しい格子間隔を有する回折格子を少なく
ともコアに隣接する周囲領域に設ける。すなわち、クラ
ッド２のうち少なくともコア１に隣接する周囲領域に直
径２ｂにわたってフォトニックバンドギャップ構造を設
ける。フォトニックバンドギャップ構造は、クラッド２
の全領域に設けてもよい。クラッド２は、石英ガラスな
どのクラッドに対する慣用の材料から構成できる。Therefore, in the present invention, the cladding 2 is provided with a diffraction grating having a grating interval equal to one half of the wavelength of light at least in a peripheral region adjacent to the core. That is, a photonic band gap structure is provided at least in a peripheral region of the cladding 2 adjacent to the core 1 over a diameter 2b. The photonic band gap structure is clad 2
May be provided in the whole area. The cladding 2 can be made of a material commonly used for cladding such as quartz glass.
【００２３】図４はフォトニックバンドギャップの構造
を示す図である。一般に三次元のフォトニックバンドギ
ャップ構造とは、光を全方向にブラッグ反射する回折格
子であり、図４に示すように回折格子の格子間隔を、伝
搬する媒質内光波長の１／２に設定することで実現され
る。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the structure of the photonic band gap. In general, a three-dimensional photonic band gap structure is a diffraction grating that Bragg-reflects light in all directions. As shown in FIG. 4, the grating interval of the diffraction grating is set to の of the light wavelength in the propagating medium. It is realized by doing.
【００２４】図３に示すように、このフォトニックバン
ドギャップ構造をコア１の周囲に直径２ｂにわたって設
けると、光ファイバのコア１の中心から半径方向に光が
伝搬しないようにコア１に光を閉じ込めて伝搬させるこ
とができる。As shown in FIG. 3, when the photonic band gap structure is provided around the core 1 over a diameter 2b, the light is transmitted to the core 1 so that the light does not propagate from the center of the core 1 of the optical fiber in the radial direction. It can be confined and propagated.
【００２５】本発明によれば、光は全反射ではなくフォ
トニックバンドギャップを構成する回折格子のブラッグ
反射によって波長が選択的に閉じ込められる。したがっ
て、従来技術よりも効果的に高次モードの抑圧を行うこ
とが可能であり、コア径を拡大しても単一モード条件の
維持が可能である。According to the present invention, the wavelength of light is selectively confined by Bragg reflection of a diffraction grating constituting a photonic band gap instead of total reflection. Therefore, it is possible to suppress higher-order modes more effectively than in the related art, and it is possible to maintain a single mode condition even when the core diameter is increased.
【００２６】尚、ジャケットはどのような屈折率を有し
ていてもよい。ジャケットは、ジャケットに対する慣用
の材料から構成できる。The jacket may have any refractive index. The jacket can be composed of any conventional material for the jacket.
【００２７】図５，図６は本発明の第２実施例を示す。FIGS. 5 and 6 show a second embodiment of the present invention.
【００２８】図６に示すように、コア１のコア径２ａを
従来のファイバのコア径２ａ´よりも大きく、光の波長
の数倍程度とする。クラッド２は、マトリクス状に空孔
を配列することにより形成された回折格子を有するフォ
トニックバンドギャップ構造を有する。クラッド２の媒
質の屈折率を、クラッド２のフォトニック結晶の回折格
子の格子部分の屈折率よりも高く設定し、両者の屈折率
差をΔｎ１とする。３は、クラッド２の外側に設けた直
径２ｃのジャケットである。As shown in FIG. 6, the core diameter 2a of the core 1 is larger than the core diameter 2a 'of the conventional fiber, and is several times the wavelength of light. The cladding 2 has a photonic band gap structure having a diffraction grating formed by arranging holes in a matrix. The refractive index of the medium of the cladding 2 is set higher than the refractive index of the grating portion of the diffraction grating of the photonic crystal of the cladding 2, and the difference between the refractive indices is Δn1. Reference numeral 3 denotes a jacket having a diameter of 2c provided outside the clad 2.
【００２９】コア１は、石英ガラスなどのコアに対する
慣用の材料から構成でき、コア１にフッ素を添加するこ
とによってコアの屈折率を０．５％程度下げることがで
きる。The core 1 can be made of a material commonly used for a core such as quartz glass, and the refractive index of the core can be reduced by about 0.5% by adding fluorine to the core 1.
【００３０】コア１は空孔であるときに屈折率が最も低
くなり、その屈折率は空気の屈折率に等しくほぼ１であ
る。中空孔で構成したコアは、光の散乱要因がないた
め、最も好ましい。The core 1 has the lowest refractive index when it is a hole, and its refractive index is approximately equal to the refractive index of air. The core constituted by a hollow hole is most preferable because it has no light scattering factor.
【００３１】第１実施例と同様に、フォトニックバンド
ギャップ構造は、クラッド２の全領域に設けてもよい。
クラッド２は、石英ガラスなどのクラッドに対する慣用
の材料から構成できる。As in the first embodiment, the photonic band gap structure may be provided in the entire region of the cladding 2.
The cladding 2 can be made of a material commonly used for cladding such as quartz glass.
【００３２】ジャケットはどのような屈折率を有してい
てもよい。ジャケットは、ジャケットに対する慣用の材
料から構成できる。The jacket may have any refractive index. The jacket can be composed of any conventional material for the jacket.
【００３３】本実施例の光ファイバは、単一モードであ
りかつ高められた許容入射光パワーを有していた。The optical fiber of this embodiment was single-mode and had an increased allowable incident light power.
【００３４】図７，図８は、本発明の第３実施例を示
す。FIGS. 7 and 8 show a third embodiment of the present invention.
【００３５】図７，図８に示すように、コア１とクラッ
ド２の媒質とを同一の屈折率、すなわち同一の材質とし
た。クラッド２におけるフォトニック結晶の回折格子の
格子部分を空孔とせずに、クラッドを構成する媒質中に
屈折率がΔｎ３だけ高い材料を格子構造の形態で埋め込
む。As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the core 1 and the cladding 2 have the same refractive index, that is, the same material. A material having a refractive index higher by Δn3 is buried in the medium constituting the clad in the form of a lattice structure without using the lattice portion of the photonic crystal diffraction grating in the clad 2 as a hole.
【００３６】これにより、屈折率差Δｎ３からフォトニ
ックバンドギャップ構造を実現することができる。Thus, a photonic band gap structure can be realized based on the refractive index difference Δn3.
【００３７】クラッド２の周囲にはジャケット３を設け
た。ジャケットはどのような屈折率を有していてもよ
く、慣用の材料から構成できる。A jacket 3 was provided around the clad 2. The jacket can have any refractive index and can be constructed from conventional materials.
【００３８】本実施例の光ファイバも、単一モードであ
りかつ高められた許容入射光パワーを有していた。The optical fiber of this embodiment was also single-mode and had an increased allowable incident light power.
【００３９】本実施例によれば、フォトニックバンドギ
ャップを構成する格子が空孔ではなく、屈折率が周囲よ
りも高い材料で充填されているため、ファイバ全体の機
械的強度が増すと同時にプリフォームからファイバを線
引きする工程において格子の形状が空孔の場合よりも一
定の形状に保ちやすいという利点を有する。According to the present embodiment, since the lattice constituting the photonic band gap is not filled with holes but filled with a material having a refractive index higher than that of the surroundings, the mechanical strength of the entire fiber is increased, and In the process of drawing the fiber from the reform, there is an advantage that the shape of the grating can be easily maintained at a constant shape as compared with the case of the hole.
【００４０】フォトニックバンドギャップを構成するフ
ォトニック結晶の回折格子は、光ファイバのコア１の中
心から半径方向に光が伝搬しないようにコア１内に閉じ
込めることができる格子構造であれば、特に限定されな
い。The diffraction grating of the photonic crystal constituting the photonic band gap has a grating structure that can be confined in the core 1 of the optical fiber so that light does not propagate in the radial direction from the center of the core 1. Not limited.
【００４１】図９は、屈折率の低い媒質中に屈折率の高
い材料をマトリクス状に配列して埋め込んだ格子構造で
ある。FIG. 9 shows a lattice structure in which materials having a high refractive index are arranged in a matrix and embedded in a medium having a low refractive index.
【００４２】図１０は、屈折率の高い媒質中に屈折率の
低い材料をマトリクス状に配列して埋め込んだ格子構造
である。FIG. 10 shows a lattice structure in which materials having a low refractive index are arranged in a matrix and embedded in a medium having a high refractive index.
【００４３】図１１は、屈折率の低い媒質中に屈折率の
高い材料を三角形状に配列して埋め込んだ格子構造であ
る。FIG. 11 shows a lattice structure in which materials having a high refractive index are arranged in a triangular shape and embedded in a medium having a low refractive index.
【００４４】図１２は、屈折率の高い媒質中に屈折率の
低い材料を三角形状に配列して埋め込んだ格子構造であ
る。FIG. 12 shows a lattice structure in which low refractive index materials are arranged in a triangular shape and embedded in a medium having a high refractive index.
【００４５】図１３は、屈折率の低い媒質中に屈折率の
高い材料をハニカム状に配列して埋め込んだ格子構造で
ある。FIG. 13 shows a lattice structure in which materials having a high refractive index are arranged and embedded in a honeycomb shape in a medium having a low refractive index.
【００４６】光ファイバの材料として石英ガラスを用い
た場合には、次のような方法によって屈折率を高くした
り低くしたりすることができる。When quartz glass is used as the material of the optical fiber, the refractive index can be raised or lowered by the following method.
【００４７】１）屈折率を高くするとき：石英ガラスに
ＧｅＯ2を添加するか（屈折率差０．３３〜２％）、ま
たはＰ2Ｏ5を添加する（屈折率差０．３３〜１％）。1) When increasing the refractive index: adding GeO 2 to quartz glass (refractive index difference: 0.33 to 2 %) or adding P 2 O 5 (refractive index difference: 0.33 to 1) %).
【００４８】２）屈折率を低くするとき：石英ガラスに
Ｆ（フッ素）を添加するか（屈折率差０．５％）、また
は空孔とする（屈折率差４４％）。2) To lower the refractive index: F (fluorine) is added to quartz glass (refractive index difference: 0.5%) or holes are formed (refractive index difference: 44%).
【００４９】したがって、上記１）および２）の屈折率
を高くしたり低くしたりする方法と、純粋な石英ガラス
とを含む３つの選択肢のうち２つを組み合わせることに
よってフォトニックバンドギャップの格子を構成するこ
とができる。Therefore, the photonic bandgap lattice can be formed by combining two of the above three methods including the method of raising or lowering the refractive index of 1) and 2) with pure silica glass. Can be configured.
【００５０】また、格子形状は円柱（円孔）に限定され
ることはなく、三角柱（三角孔）、四角柱（四角孔）、
六角柱（六角孔）などの形状としてもよく、いずれの形
状でもフォトニックバンドギャップを実現することがで
きる。The lattice shape is not limited to a cylinder (circular hole), but may be a triangular prism (triangular hole), a quadrangular prism (square hole), or the like.
The shape may be a hexagonal column (hexagonal hole) or the like, and any shape can realize a photonic band gap.
【００５１】屈折率の低い媒質中に屈折率の高い材料を
埋め込んで回折格子を構成する場合には、コアの屈折率
を、クラッドの媒質の屈折率と等しくしてもよい。When a diffraction grating is formed by embedding a material having a high refractive index in a medium having a low refractive index, the refractive index of the core may be equal to the refractive index of the medium of the cladding.
【００５２】本発明の光ファイバにおいては、従来通
り、クラッドの外側にさらにジャケットを設けてもよい
が、フォトニックバンドギャップ構造のクラッドがコア
を保護するに十分な強度であれば、ジャケットを特に設
ける必要がなく、十分な強度を有するようにフォトニッ
クバンドギャップ構造のクラッド自体を厚くしてもよ
い。そのような構造とした場合には、コアを除くファイ
バの全ての部分がフォトニックバンドギャップ構造とな
る。In the optical fiber of the present invention, a jacket may be further provided outside the clad as in the past, but if the clad having the photonic band gap structure has sufficient strength to protect the core, the jacket may be particularly formed. It is not necessary to provide the cladding, and the cladding itself of the photonic band gap structure may be thickened so as to have sufficient strength. In such a structure, all parts of the fiber except the core have a photonic bandgap structure.
【００５３】本発明の光ファイバは、従来の偏波保持フ
ァイバ製造技術を応用することによって製造可能であ
る。図１４に偏波保持ファイバの構造を示す。図１４に
おいて、Ａ１はコア、Ａ２は応力付与部、Ａ３はクラッ
ドである。まず、ファイバを線引きする前の光ファイバ
のプリフォームの応力付与部Ａ２に相当する部分に予め
空孔を設ける。次にこの空孔部分に応力付与のための材
料を充填し、その後、プリフォームを線引きすることに
より偏波保持ファイバを製造できる。The optical fiber of the present invention can be manufactured by applying a conventional polarization maintaining fiber manufacturing technique. FIG. 14 shows the structure of the polarization maintaining fiber. In FIG. 14, A1 is a core, A2 is a stress applying part, and A3 is a clad. First, a hole is provided in advance in a portion corresponding to the stress applying portion A2 of the preform of the optical fiber before drawing the fiber. Next, the hole portion is filled with a material for applying a stress, and thereafter, the preform is drawn, whereby a polarization maintaining fiber can be manufactured.
【００５４】この偏波保持ファイバの製造技術と同じ技
法でフォトニックバンドギャップ構造のクラッドを製造
することができる。本発明の場合には、プリフォームの
段階でフォトニックバンドギャップに相当する部分に設
けた空孔を残しておいたまま、次にファイバを線引きす
る。A cladding having a photonic band gap structure can be manufactured by the same technique as that for manufacturing the polarization maintaining fiber. In the case of the present invention, the fiber is then drawn while leaving the holes provided in the portion corresponding to the photonic band gap at the preform stage.
【００５５】それに代わる製造方法としては、複数本の
六角形状のガラス棒を用いて製造する。まず、図１５に
示すように、中心部分が空孔であるかまたは屈折率の異
なる物質を充填した六角形状のガラス棒を用意し、次に
このガラス棒を図１６に示すように複数本束ねて、断面
をちょうど蜂の巣状にする。そして、蜂の巣状に束ねた
ガラス棒の束を引き延ばすことによって本発明の光ファ
イバを製造することができる。As an alternative manufacturing method, manufacturing is performed using a plurality of hexagonal glass rods. First, as shown in FIG. 15, a hexagonal glass rod having a hole in the center or filled with a substance having a different refractive index is prepared, and then a plurality of the glass rods are bundled as shown in FIG. To make the section just like a honeycomb. Then, the optical fiber of the present invention can be manufactured by stretching the bundle of glass rods bundled in a honeycomb shape.
【００５６】[0056]
【発明の効果】本発明の光ファイバは、コアの屈折率を
クラッドの屈折率よりも高くすることによって、入射し
た光をコアに閉じ込めて伝搬する従来の光ファイバとは
異なり、コアの屈折率に依存することなく、フォトニッ
クバンドギャップ構造を有するクラッドを具えた構造に
することによって、光非線形現象の影響や材料分散の影
響を避けることができ、したがって、高速、高パワー光
の伝送に対応することができる。The optical fiber of the present invention differs from a conventional optical fiber in which incident light is confined in the core and propagated by making the refractive index of the core higher than the refractive index of the cladding. By adopting a structure with a cladding with a photonic bandgap structure without depending on the optical characteristics, it is possible to avoid the effects of optical non-linear phenomena and the effects of material dispersion, thus supporting high-speed, high-power light transmission. can do.
【図１】従来例の光ファイバを示す断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional optical fiber.
【図２】図１に示した光ファイバの屈折率分布図であ
る。FIG. 2 is a refractive index distribution diagram of the optical fiber shown in FIG.
【図３】本発明による光ファイバの一実施例を示す断面
図である。FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing one embodiment of the optical fiber according to the present invention.
【図４】フォトニックバンドギャップの構成を示す断面
図である。FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a photonic band gap.
【図５】本発明による光ファイバの他の実施例を示す断
面図である。FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the optical fiber according to the present invention.
【図６】図５に示した光ファイバの屈折率分布図であ
る。FIG. 6 is a refractive index distribution diagram of the optical fiber shown in FIG.
【図７】本発明による光ファイバの他の実施例を示す断
面図である。FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the optical fiber according to the present invention.
【図８】図７に示した光ファイバの屈折率分布図であ
る。8 is a refractive index distribution chart of the optical fiber shown in FIG.
【図９】回折格子の配列の形状の例を示す断面図であ
る。FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the shape of an array of diffraction gratings.
【図１０】回折格子の配列の形状の他の例を示す断面図
である。FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the shape of the arrangement of the diffraction grating.
【図１１】回折格子の配列の形状の他の例を示す断面図
である。FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the shape of the arrangement of the diffraction grating.
【図１２】回折格子の配列の形状の他の例を示す断面図
である。FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the shape of the arrangement of the diffraction grating.
【図１３】回折格子の配列の形状の他の例を示す断面図
である。FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the shape of the arrangement of the diffraction grating.
【図１４】偏波保持ファイバの構造を示す断面図であ
る。FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a polarization maintaining fiber.
【図１５】本発明の光ファイバの製造に使用される中心
部分が空孔であるかまたは屈折率の異なる物質を充填し
た六角形状のガラス棒の断面図である。FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a hexagonal glass rod filled with a substance having a void or a material having a different refractive index, which is used for manufacturing the optical fiber of the present invention.
【図１６】蜂の巣状に束ねられた複数本の六角形状のガ
ラス棒の断面図である。FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of a plurality of hexagonal glass rods bundled in a honeycomb shape.
【符号の説明】 １、１１ コア ２、１２ クラッド ３、１３ ジャケット[Explanation of Signs] 1,11 core 2,12 clad 3,13 jacket
Claims (14)
と、 前記コアの周囲に配置され、光の波長の１／２に等しい
格子間隔を有する回折格子を少なくともコアに隣接する
周囲領域に設けたクラッドとを具えたことを特徴とする
光ファイバ。1. A core having an area approximately several times as large as the wavelength of light, and a diffraction grating arranged around the core and having a grating interval equal to one half of the wavelength of light at least adjacent to the core. An optical fiber, comprising: a cladding provided in the optical fiber.
率の低い媒質中に屈折率の高い材料を埋め込んだ格子構
造から成ることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の光ファイ
バ。2. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the diffraction grating in the cladding has a grating structure in which a material having a high refractive index is embedded in a medium having a low refractive index.
率の高い媒質中に屈折率の低い材料を埋め込んだ格子構
造から成ることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の光ファイ
バ。3. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the diffraction grating in the cladding has a grating structure in which a material having a low refractive index is embedded in a medium having a high refractive index.
び中空であるコアと、 前記コアの周囲に配置され、光の波長の１／２に等しい
格子間隔を有する回折格子を少なくともコアに隣接する
周囲領域に設けたクラッドとを具えたことを特徴とする
光ファイバ。4. A core having a region which is several times as long as the wavelength of light and having a hollow, and a diffraction grating which is disposed around the core and has a lattice spacing equal to の of the wavelength of light. An optical fiber, comprising: a cladding provided in a peripheral region adjacent to the optical fiber.
率の低い媒質中に屈折率の高い材料を埋め込んだ格子構
造から成ることを特徴とする請求項４に記載の光ファイ
バ。5. The optical fiber according to claim 4, wherein the diffraction grating in the clad has a grating structure in which a material having a high refractive index is embedded in a medium having a low refractive index.
率の高い媒質中に屈折率の低い材料を埋め込んだ格子構
造から成ることを特徴とする請求項４に記載の光ファイ
バ。6. The optical fiber according to claim 4, wherein the diffraction grating in the cladding has a grating structure in which a material having a low refractive index is embedded in a medium having a high refractive index.
と、 前記コアの周囲に配置され、光の波長の１／２に等しい
格子間隔を有する回折格子を少なくともコアに隣接する
周囲領域に設けたクラッドとを具え、 前記コアの屈折率と前記クラッドの媒質の屈折率とが等
しく、および前記クラッドにおける前記回折格子を、屈
折率の低い媒質中に屈折率の高い材料を埋め込んだ格子
構造で構成することを特徴とする光ファイバ。7. A core having a region several times as long as the wavelength of light, and a diffraction grating disposed around the core and having a grating interval equal to one-half of the wavelength of light at least in a peripheral region adjacent to the core. A refractive index of the core and the refractive index of the medium of the clad are equal, and the diffraction grating in the clad is a lattice in which a material having a high refractive index is embedded in a medium having a low refractive index. An optical fiber having a structure.
ることを特徴とする請求項１〜７のいずれかに記載の光
ファイバ。8. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein said lattice structure is a matrix arrangement.
とを特徴とする請求項１〜７のいずれかに記載の光ファ
イバ。9. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein said lattice structure is a triangular array.
あることを特徴とする請求項１〜７のいずれかに記載の
光ファイバ。10. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein said lattice structure is a honeycomb-shaped array.
あり、および円柱または円孔の格子形状であることを特
徴とする請求項１〜７のいずれかに記載の光ファイバ。11. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the lattice structure is a matrix-like arrangement and has a columnar or circular lattice shape.
り、および円柱または円孔の格子形状であることを特徴
とする請求項１〜７のいずれかに記載の光ファイバ。12. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the lattice structure has a triangular arrangement and a lattice shape of columns or holes.
あり、および円柱または円孔の格子形状であることを特
徴とする請求項１〜７のいずれかに記載の光ファイバ。13. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the lattice structure is a honeycomb-shaped array and has a columnar or circular lattice shape.
１／２に等しい格子間隔を有する回折格子から成ること
を特徴とする請求項１〜７のいずれかに記載の光ファイ
バ。14. The optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the entire region of the cladding is formed of a diffraction grating having a grating interval equal to one half of the wavelength of light.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11116360A JP3072842B2 (en) | 1998-05-07 | 1999-04-23 | Single mode optical fiber |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12434598 | 1998-05-07 | ||
| JP13282598 | 1998-05-15 | ||
| JP10-132825 | 1998-05-15 | ||
| JP11116360A JP3072842B2 (en) | 1998-05-07 | 1999-04-23 | Single mode optical fiber |
| JP10-124345 | 1999-05-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
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ID=27313135
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (38)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002016984A1 (en) * | 2000-08-25 | 2002-02-28 | The University Of Sydney | Polymer optical waveguide |
| WO2002016983A1 (en) * | 2000-08-25 | 2002-02-28 | The University Of Sydney | Optical waveguide fibre |
| WO2002024590A1 (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2002-03-28 | Mitsubishi Cable Industries,Ltd. | Method of manufacturing photonic crystal fiber |
| JP2002521306A (en) * | 1998-07-30 | 2002-07-16 | コーニング・インコーポレーテッド | Method for manufacturing photonics structure |
| WO2002059656A2 (en) * | 2001-01-25 | 2002-08-01 | Omniguide Communications | Low-loss photonic crystal waveguide having large core radius |
| EP1241491A1 (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2002-09-18 | Alcatel | Photonic optical fibre with double cladding |
| WO2002082136A1 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2002-10-17 | The University Of Sydney | Single mode fibre |
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