ITUB20150159A1 - APPARATUS FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY WORKING A PLURALITY OF PRECIOUS STONES - Google Patents

Description

APPARATUS FOR WORKING A PLURALITY AT THE SAME TIME? FROM

PRECIOUS STONES

DESCRIPTION

Field of invention

The present invention relates to an apparatus for the simultaneous processing of several? precious stones, diamonds, semiprecious stones, crystals and ornamental glass, points of high hardness, in particular an apparatus configured to simultaneously grind, smooth and polish tens, hundreds or thousands of stones also for industrial use.

State of the art

Traditionally, precious stones and industrial diamonds are worked one by one by craftsmen, by means of machines of the type described in US patent 4,287,687. These are machines equipped with a rotating wheel and an adjustable head with respect to the wheel. The grinding wheel? usually diamond-coated, that is? coated with diamond powder. The head ? consisting of an arm (finger) movable on a slide and oscillating around a pin. The stone to be worked is fixed on one end? of the head, generally with a glue, and this is gripped and oriented by the craftsman, who pushes the stone against the moving grinding wheel, to create a facet in the stone. From time to time the craftsman changes the orientation of the head to obtain a new facet on the stone.

Other examples are described in CN 201537846 (U) and CN 202053151 (U).

Have machines been proposed based on the same concepts, but capable of processing a dozen or more batches? of stones at a time. For example, Korean patent applications KR 2004097826 and KR 2004101734 describe such solutions.

Other solutions are also known for working stones of small diameter, about 1? 5 mm, which provide for a plurality? of parallel pins that carry the stone holder head arranged in line and movable with respect to the grinding wheel. The number of heads? generally between 100 and 200 and the length of the row of heads? mostly? between 300 and 600 mm.

The limit more? evident of the solutions available today? consisting precisely of the limited number of stones that can work for each batch. In other words, productivity? of the machines? limited by the maximum number of stones that can work simultaneously.

Summary of the invention

Purpose of the present invention? therefore that of making available an apparatus for the processing of precious stones, industrial diamonds, etc., which allows to effectively work a large number of stones at the same time, even hundreds or thousands.

The present invention therefore relates to an apparatus according to claim 1 for the processing of precious or similar stones, for example industrial diamonds and zircons, semiprecious stones, ornamental crystals and glasses, tips of high hardness and in particular for grinding, smoothing and polishing such stones .

Pi? in detail, the apparatus comprises at least one grinding wheel or an equivalent abrasive element, and at least one support group for stones to be worked; are the stones interchangeable with the support group dimodoch? when to work a stone? been completed, a new stone to work can? be tied to the support group.

In turn, the support group includes:

- a stone-holder element, defined hereafter as a glass, provided with a seat in which? part of the stone to be worked can be inserted;

- at least three stems supporting the cup, each one tied to the cup on the opposite side with respect to the housing seat of the stone to be worked. Preferably, the supporting stems are constrained to corresponding seats obtained in the socket, according to a triangle pattern.

The support stems, which can also be defined as support rods, legs or fingers, each extend along its own longitudinal axis, i.e. its length? the main dimension.

The support group and the relative grinding wheel are movable relative to each other between a distal position, in correspondence with which the stone temporarily set in the cup does not interact with the grinding wheel, and a proximal position, in correspondence with which the stone in the cup? in contact with the grinding wheel to be sanded, or sanded or polished in correspondence with a facet.

Advantageously each support stem? bound to the glass in an orientable way with respect to it, that is? with polar movement. Within the same support group, at least a first stem and a second stem can be translated in both directions along their longitudinal axis and the third stem? stationary, or? it too can be moved in both directions along its longitudinal axis.

The configuration described? advantageous why? the instantaneous position taken from time to time by the three support stems uniquely defines the orientation of the glass, and therefore the orientation of the stone housed in it, with respect to the relative grinding wheel. Thus, by moving the support rods into a new position each time, the stone is oriented in relation to the grinding wheel in a corresponding way for processing a veneer. So here is what to work more? veneers on the same stone? possible quickly, by mechanizing and automating the movement of the support rods.

By setting up a multitude of support groups in the same apparatus, how will it come? described more? forward, you get to be able to work a corresponding number of stones at the same time.

Preferably the coupling between the support stems and the glass? spherical type, that is? each stem? equipped with a spherical head and the glass? provided with a corresponding spherical seat, or vice versa, so? that the glass can tilt with respect to the longitudinal axis of the stem. In addition, or alternatively, the coupling? magnetic, that is? in addition to a fit of form? It is possible to provide a magnetic coupling between the heads of the support stems and the corresponding seats obtained in the socket.

In order to have a large number of support groups, the apparatus preferably comprises a stem-holder lamina for each support stem. The rod holder sheet, for example metallic,? fixed to the relative support stem or? made of one piece with it, for example starting from a laser-cut metal sheet. The stem-holder lamina extends orthogonally with respect to the relative supporting stem. The function of the stem holder? imparting to it the translation movement in both directions of the length of the stem; clearly in this configuration the lamina and the stem move in unison, together, jointly.

In the variant of the support unit with three support stems, the apparatus comprises corresponding three stem-carrying plates. Preferably, the apparatus also comprising at least one support frame for the rod-holder laminae and:

- at least two support plates can be moved towards and away from each other, with minimum strokes, and / or

- at least two support legs are flexible,

to compensate for the variation in the center distance between the support rods that occurs when the relative instantaneous longitudinal position changes.

The possibility? to record the transversal position of at least two stem-holder plates, or provide that at least two support stems can flex slightly, allows the cup to assume all the positions necessary to work the stone facets without the support stems breaking or bending or detach from the glass.

As anticipated above, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention the apparatus comprises a plurality of products. of support groups for the simultaneous processing of a corresponding number of stones. The support assemblies are arranged in line on a single set of relative stem-holder plates, that is to say? n first support stems are fixed or integral to the same first stem holder plate, n second support stems are fixed or integral to the same second stem holder plate and n third support stems are fixed or integral to the same third stem holder plate . Is this obtained? a row of support groups, where the position instantly assumed by all the glasses? adjustable by acting on the three shared stem-holder plates.

Along the same line? It is possible to set up dozens of support groups, or even over a hundred.

Pi? preferably the support groups are arranged according to a matrix which comprises several? side by side lines, and corresponding sets of stem-holder sheets. In other words ? it is preferable that the apparatus includes a matrix of support groups, consisting of several? side-by-side rows, where the support groups of a row share the stem-holder plates, like common feet. This configuration allows you to effectively arrange hundreds or thousands of support groups in a minimum space, that is, within a much larger area. small compared to the space requirements of the machinery of the known art, at par? of number of stones that can be worked at the same time.

Preferably, all the cups of the support groups present in the apparatus are joined to / by an elastic mat or a sheath, for example made of silicone, for protection from dust.

In a particularly effective variant, the area under the sheath? depressurizable to create a force that tends to keep the glasses always coupled with the relative support stems, and in this way avoid that the friction caused by the interaction of the stones with the grinding wheel can cause accidental and unwanted spillage of the glasses from their respective stems. In practice, when the air is depressurized under the sheath, a force is generated that pushes the glasses against the support stems. AND? it is sufficient to provide means for air suction inside the support frames of the rod-holder sheets.

How to ? said, the rod holder plates serve to control the displacements of the support rods. The best way to operate the stem holder plates? associate the relative support frame to one or more? actuators, for example electric or pneumatic linear actuators, to which? delegated the task of imprinting such displacements. For example, all the first stem-carrying plates of the matrix are coupled to a first frame, all the second stem-carrying plates of the matrix are coupled to a second frame and all the third stem-carrying plates of the matrix are coupled to a third frame. At least two of the three frames are coupled to actuators that control their positioning in the longitudinal direction, that is? parallel to the length of the supporting stems, to make the relative supporting stems perform a corresponding longitudinal stroke and consequently orient the bowl, and therefore the stone, with respect to the grinding wheel.

This configuration can? be obtained with at least two construction variants: in a first variant the three frames are arranged stacked one on top of the other, in a second variant they are arranged one inside the other, at the same level.

A gap is left between the frames corresponding to the stroke that the mobile frames must be able to perform in order to move the support rods.

The frames are then all mounted on an arm that is movable and rotatable with respect to the grinding wheel. The arm has the task of bringing the support groups with the stones in contact with the grinding wheel and away from it.

Short list of figures

Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will be better highlighted by examining the following detailed description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment, illustrated by way of non-limiting example, with the support of the attached drawings, in which:

Figures 1-3 are schematic perspective views of a detail of the apparatus according to the present invention;

- figure 4? a schematic view, in elevation, of the detail shown in Figures 1-3;

- figure 5? a schematic top view of the detail shown in Figures 1-3;

- figure 6? a schematic and elevation view of a detail of the apparatus according to the present invention, in a first configuration;

- figure 7? a schematic and elevation view of a detail of the apparatus according to the present invention, in a second configuration;

- figure 8? a schematic and elevation view of a detail of the apparatus according to the present invention, in a third configuration;

- figure 9? a schematic plan view of a precious stone being worked;

- Figures 10 to 12 are schematic and perspective views of a component of the apparatus according to the present invention, in three corresponding configurations;

- Figures 13 to 18 are schematic views of the component shown in Figures 10-12, in corresponding configurations;

- figure 19? a perspective view of an assembly of components of the apparatus according to the present invention;

- figure 20? a perspective and schematic view of an apparatus according to the present invention;

- figure 21? a perspective and schematic view of an assembly of components of the apparatus according to the present invention;

- figure 22? a schematic view, in cross section, of a detail of the apparatus according to the present invention;

- figure 23? a schematic side elevation view of an apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

- figure 24? a vertical sectional view of the apparatus shown in figure 23, considered on the X-X plane;

- figure 25? a vertical sectional view of the apparatus shown in figure 23, considered in the Y-Y plane;

- figure 26? a vertical sectional view of an apparatus of a second embodiment of the present invention, considered on the plane A-A of figure 27;

- figure 27? a vertical sectional view of the apparatus shown in figure 26, considered on the plane B-B of figure 26;

- figure 28? a perspective view of a component of the apparatus shown in figure 26.

Detailed description of the invention

To facilitate the understanding of the structure and technical characteristics of the apparatus according to the present invention? It is advisable to start from the description of the main components and then, at a later stage, to describe the system as a whole.

Figures 1 to 5 refer to the heart of the invention, the support group 1 of stones to be worked. The support group 1 in turn comprises an element 2 for containing the precious stones S, in practice an element called a cup equipped with a seat 3 intended to house, in an interchangeable manner, a portion of the stone to be worked, so that a part of the stone S protrudes from the glass in order to be brought against a grinding wheel or an equivalent abrasion or polishing element. For example the stone S is fixed in the seat 3 with an adhesive.

The support assembly 1 also comprises at least three feet, or legs, defined hereinafter as support stems 10, 20 and 30, each provided with a substantially spherical head, 11, 21 and 31 respectively, which engages in an orientable way in a corresponding seat obtained in the cup 2, 12, 22 and 32 respectively.

Figures 1 and 2 show the group 1 in perspective from above and below, and in exploded views. Figure 3 shows the assembled support unit 1, in perspective from below. Figure 4? a schematic and conceptual view. Figure 5 shows group 1 from above, that is? seen from the side of the S.

The spherical heads 11, 21 and 31 realize a shape coupling with the corresponding seats 12, 22 and 32, but preferably at least one of the spherical head and the relative seat? magnetic. In other words, the mating? preferably both in shape and magnetic, so? that the risk of accidental detachment of the cup 2 from the support stems 10-30 is reduced to a minimum.

Alternatively or in addition to the mechanical and / or magnetic coupling, the apparatus can? be provided with an elastic mat, or sheath, and with means of depressurization of the air under the sheath, to make s? that the sheath that adheres to the glasses holds them against the support stems, how will it come? described more? come on.

The support stems 10-30 are integral with the corresponding stem-holder plates 100, 200 and 300. The support stems extend in the longitudinal direction, i.e. according to its length which? prevailing with respect to the other dimensions, while the stem-carrying laminae extend orthogonally to the stems. The function of the support rods 10-30 and of the rod holder plates 100-300 will vary. explained more? come on. Here? It should be emphasized that the coupling between the support stems 10-30 and the cup 2 must be able to allow the stems 10-30 to orient themselves in the space with respect to the cup 2, or vice versa, it must allow the cup 2 to be able to tilt with respect to the stems 10 -30.

Figures 6-8 explain how the support assembly works. With the reference M? schematically indicated an abrasive wheel that moves with respect to the stone S with a speed? of translation at least locally substantially orthogonal with respect to the stems supporting the cups 2. In practice, the plane of positioning of the abrasive surface of the grinding wheel? orthogonal to the support stems 10-30.

Focusing on Figure 6, and considering the support stem 30 stationary, the left support stem 10 is raised, and so on. doing it brings more? close to the stem 30, and the right support stem 20 is lowered, and so? doing it too, it brings more? near the stem 30. In a configuration not shown in the figures the supporting stems 10-30 do not approach, but simply flex. This positioning of the support stems 10-30 uniquely determines the orientation in the space of the cup 2, corresponding to the processing of the facet F2 of the stone S, a facet which? shown in figure 9. In practice, by lifting the support stem 10 and lowering the other stem 20, the cup 2 is tilted to one side.

Figure 7 shows the situation when the support rods 10-30 are aligned, i.e. their heads are at the same height. In this circumstance the glass 2 is not? inclined, but its axis of symmetry remains vertical, and the facet to be machined by the wheel M? the upper one F1 (figure 9). The supporting stems do not approach or flex to bring the relative heads 11, 21, 31 closer to each other.

Figure 8 shows another positioning of the cup 2. The left support stem 10 is lowered, and so on? doing it brings more? close to the stem 30, and the right support stem 20 is raised, and so? doing it too, it brings more? close to the stem 30. This positioning of the support stems 10-30 uniquely determines the orientation in the space of the cup 2, corresponding to the processing of the facet F3 of the stone S, a facet which? shown in figure 9. In practice, by lifting the support stem 20 and lowering the other stem 10, the cup 2 is tilted on the opposite side with respect to the position shown in figure 6.

With the reference number 4? indicated an elastic sheath that fits on all glasses 2 present in the apparatus. The function of the sheath 4? protect the support stems 10-30 and everything under the cup 2 from the dust generated by the processing. Another function of the sheath 4? allow the depressurization of the area under the glasses 2. This function will come? better described more? come on.

The sheath 4 comprises a plurality of of holes corresponding to the glasses 2. The edge of the holes of the sheath 4 adheres tightly to the glasses 2, as shown in figures 6-8 and 21.

Figures 10-12 show the same row 5 of support groups 1 in corresponding positions. Row 5 comprises three rod-holder sheets 100, 200, 300 on which more? 1 support groups, in this specific case six. Are the support stems 10-30 integral with the relative stem holder plate 100-300 dimodoch? moving a lamina 100 or 200 or 300 causes a corresponding movement of all the supporting stems 10 or 20 or 30 associated with it.

This structure therefore allows to orient in space, and therefore with respect to the wheel M, six glasses 2 at the same time, all with the same orientation.

For example, figure 10 shows the row 5 of support groups 1 in a configuration in which all the cups 2 are inclined to work the facet F3 of the set stones S, figure 11 shows the row 5 of support groups 1 in a configuration in which all the glasses 2 are straight to work the facet F1 of the set stones S and figure 12 shows the row 5 of support groups 1 in a configuration in which all the glasses 2 are inclined to work the facet F5 of the set stones S .

Therefore, by suitably orienting the support groups 1 by acting on the rod holder plates 100-300 and possibly rotating the rod holder plates 100-300 with respect to a grinding wheel M,? It is possible to work all the facets of the S stones simultaneously, with excellent results.

Figures 13 to 18 schematically illustrate this concept.

In particular, figures 13-15 show the row 5 of support units 1 seen from the side, that is to say? the side of the rod holder sheets 100-300 can be seen. According to the movement imparted to the stem-holder laminae 100-300, a corresponding and univocal orientation is determined in the space of the glasses 2 and consequently a corresponding facet of the stones S is brought into contact with the grinding wheel M.

Figures 16-18 show the same placements, but in a front sectional view, that is? with 100-300 rod holders in cross section. Figure 16 corresponds to Figure 13, Figure 17 corresponds to Figure 14, and Figure 18 corresponds to Figure 15.

In figures 13-18 the arrows indicate the movements imparted to the stem-holder laminae 100-300 starting from the initial position shown in figure 14 and in figure 17.

Figure 19 shows the heart of the apparatus according to the present invention, which includes a plurality of of rows 5 of support groups 1, arranged according to a matrix 500. The rod-carrying laminae 100-300 of all rows 5 are constrained to a support frame 600 provided with actuators 6 and 7, for example linear actuators.

The actuators 6 are designed to control the vertical displacements of the rod-holder laminae 100-300 and the actuators 7, which are optional, are designed to control the horizontal displacements of the laminae 100-300, that is? those displacements of small entity, definable registration movements, which serve to compensate the approach or the distancing of the spherical heads 11, 21 and 31.

In practice, the actuators 6, suitably controlled by a? Unit? control not shown in the figures - for example of electronic type such as a computer, a? unit? PLC, etc. -, cause the simultaneous orientation of all the glasses 2 of the matrix 500, as would the sunflowers of a field.

For simplicity? figure 19 shows the matrix 500 with the glasses 2 all straight, that is? with the axis of symmetry vertical and oriented downwards, that is? towards the grinding wheel (not visible in this figure).

How to ? said, the actuators 7 may not be present, for example in the circumstance in which the rod-holder laminae 100-300 are mounted slidingly on the frame 600, which can be slidably mounted on the frame 600. consist of metal rods.

Figure 20 schematically illustrates the apparatus according to the present invention. The die 500 and the frame 600 are constrained to an arm 8 capable of bringing the die 500 abutment against the moving wheel M. Also the arm 8? in turn, it can be oriented to offer the grinding wheel M the facet of the stones S to be machined at a given instant.

The technician of the sector will understand? certainly that by acting selectively on:

- the rod-holder laminae 100, 200 and 300 by means of the actuators 6 and / or 7;

- arm 8, in lifting, lowering and angular position;

? It is possible to work the desired number of facets of the S stones, simultaneously for all the stones of the matrix 500.

Figure 21 best illustrates the function of the sheath 4. For simplicity? the structure of the frame 600 and of the matrix 500 remains visible, but in practice the whole? destined to remain confined in an enclosure that in this figure is not? shown. Well, the volume under the sheath 4, that is? the volume on the side of the rod holders 100-300, pu? be put in depression, for example using an aspirator, and in this way the sheath 4 is partially sucked downwards, that is? towards the rod holder plates 100-300. In this way the sheath holds the glasses 2 on the supporting stems 10-30; in practice, the sheath pushes the glasses 2 against the support stems 10-30 and this guarantees that no detachment of the glasses 2 occurs during use.

Figure 22? a schematic and sectional view of the assembly shown in Figure 21. With the letter V? indicated the volume that can? be depressurized to push the sheath 4 downwards, as indicated by the relative arrow.

Figure 23? a side and elevation view of an apparatus 1000 according to the present invention, in a first variant.

Figure 24? a sectional view of the matrix 500 and of the frame 600, considered along the X-X plane of figure 23.

Figure 25? a partial sectional view of the matrix 500 and the frame 600, considered along the Y-Y plane of figure 23.

Considering Figures 23-25, in this embodiment the frame 600? box type, and in turn? consisting of three boxes 601, 602 and 603 positioned one in the other, at the same level. Each cassette 601-603? endowed with a plurality? of horizontal metal rods, 610, 620 and 630 respectively, on which the rod holder plates 100-300 are mounted.

For example, the cassette 602 comprises a plurality of rods 620 on which only rod holder plates 200 are constrained; the house 602? associated with at least one linear actuator 6 which controls its displacements in the vertical direction to cause corresponding displacements of all supporting rods 20.

For example, the cassette 603 comprises a plurality of rods 630 on which only rod-holder plates 300 are constrained; the house 603? associated with at least one linear actuator 6 which controls its displacements in the vertical direction to cause corresponding displacements of all the supporting rods 30.

For example, the cassette 601 comprises a plurality of of rods 610 on which only rod-holder plates 100 are constrained; the house 601? stationary, that is? Not ? associated with an actuator why? in the embodiment shown in Figures 23-25 it is not? provided that the rod-carrying laminae 100 move.

Between the three cassettes 601, 602 and 603? a play, visible in the figures, is provided to allow the boxes to move one inside the other according to the strokes imparted by the actuators 6, to move the supporting rods 10-30.

Figure 24 shows the sheath 4 when the volume V? subjected to aspiration of the air contained in it and, therefore,? put into depression. The glasses 2 are held against the support stems 10-30 even when the friction generated by the sliding of the stones S on the grinding wheel M? high.

Figures 26-28 show a second variant of the apparatus 1000 with respect to the variant shown in Figures 23-25. The sheath 4? omitted for clarity. In this variant the boxes 601, 602 and 603 are positioned one above the other, and not in line one inside the other as in the case previously described.

Also in this variant the cassettes 601, 602 and 603 must be able to move relative to each other according to strokes corresponding to the strokes to be imparted to the supporting plates and stems.

Specifically Figure 26? a schematic view, in vertical section, of the apparatus 1000, considered along the plane A-A of figure 27. Figure 27? a schematic view, in vertical section, of the apparatus 1000, considered along the plane B-B of figure 26. These figures show how the box 601 is in this case stationary and the boxes 602 and 603 are movable vertically with respect to the box 601 to obtain that the glasses 2 orient themselves in space as desired. In fact the boxes 602 and 603 are associated with corresponding actuators 6.

The cassettes are provided with metal rods, respectively 610, 620 and 630 on which the rod holder plates 100, 200 and 300 are mounted. Preferably in this version there are no actuators to move the rod holder plates 100-300 horizontally, but this movement? what do we remember? designed to compensate for the variation in center distance between the support rods 10-30 -? obtained by letting the rod holder sheets 100-300 be able to translate with a minimum stroke on the relative rod 610, 620 or 630.

The technician of the sector will understand? certainly that the apparatus 1000? achievable with hundreds or thousands of support groups 1 to allow the simultaneous processing of a corresponding number of stones S, all to the advantage of productivity.

Claims (11)

CLAIMS 1. An apparatus (1000) for working precious stones (S) or similar, in particular for grinding, grinding and polishing, comprising at least one grinding wheel (M) or an equivalent abrasive element, and at least one support group (1) of stones (S) to be worked, in which the support group (1) includes: - a stone holder element (2), defined as a cup, provided with a seat (3) for housing a stone (S) to be worked; - at least three stems (10, 20, 30) for supporting the bowl (2), each connected to the bowl (2) on the opposite side with respect to the seat (3) for housing the stone (S) to be worked; in which the supporting stems (10-30) each extend along its own longitudinal axis, e in which the support group 1) and the relative grinding wheel (M) are movable with respect to each other between a distal position, in correspondence with which the stone (S) in the cup (2) does not interact with the grinding wheel (M), and a proximal position, at which the stone (S) in the glass (2)? in contact with the grinding wheel (M) to be smoothed, or sanded or polished in correspondence with a facet (F1, F2, F3), and in which each support stem (10-30)? bound to the cup (2) in an orientable way, e in which within the same support group (1) at least a first stem (10) and a second stem (20) are translatable in both directions along their longitudinal axis and the third stem (30)? stationary or also? translatable in both directions along its longitudinal axis, dimodoch? the instantaneous position assumed by the three support stems (10-30) uniquely defines the orientation of the cup (2), and therefore of the stone (S) housed in it, with respect to the relative grinding wheel (M). Apparatus (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the coupling between the support stems (10-30) and the cup (2)? spherical type, that is? each stem? equipped with a spherical head (11, 21, 31) and the glass (2)? provided with a corresponding spherical seat (12, 22, 32), or vice versa, and / or magnetic, so? that the cup (2) can tilt with respect to the longitudinal axis of the support stem (10, 20, 30). Apparatus (1000) according to claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising a rod holder sheet (100, 200, 300) for each support rod (10-30), in which the support rods (10-30 ) are attached to the respective stem-holder lamina (100-300), which extends transversely to it, and in which the movement of the support stems (10-30)? imparted by the relative stem-holder lamina (100-300). Apparatus (1000) according to claim 3, further comprising at least one frame (600) for supporting the rod-holder laminae (100-300), in which: - at least two support plates (100, 200) are movable in the transverse direction, that is? approaching and moving away from each other, with minimum strokes, and / or - at least two support stems (10, 20) are flexible, to compensate for the variation in the distance between the support rods (10-30) which occurs when the relative instantaneous longitudinal position changes. Apparatus (1000) according to claim 3 or claim 4, comprising a plurality of of support groups (1) for the simultaneous processing of a corresponding number of stones (S), in which the support groups (1) are arranged in line (5) on a single set of relative stem-holder sheets (100- 300), that is? n first support stems (10) are fixed or integral to the same first stem holder (100), n second support stems (20) are fixed or integral to the same second stem holder (200) and n third stems support (30) are fixed or integral to the same third rod-holder lamina (300). 6. Apparatus (1000) according to claim 5, wherein the support groups (1) are arranged according to a matrix (500) comprising a plurality of elements. of lines (5) of support groups (1) side by side, and corresponding sets of rod-holder sheets (100-300). Apparatus (1000) according to claim 6, wherein all the cups (2) of the support groups (1) are joined by a trampoline or a dust protection sheath (4), in which the sheath (4) includes a plurality? of holes each of whose edges adhere tightly to a corresponding cup (2). Apparatus (1000) according to claim 7, wherein the area under the protective sheath (4)? depressurizable to ensure the effectiveness of the coupling between the cups (1) and the support stems (10-30), preventing them from separating when the stone (S) interacts with the grinding wheel (M) and the friction generates a force that it would tend to separate the glasses (2) from the stems (10-30). Apparatus (1000) according to any one of claims 6-8, further comprising three support frames or cassettes (601, 602, 603) and actuators (6), in which all the first stem-carrying plates (100) of the die (500) are coupled to a first cassette (601), all the second stem-carrying plates (200) of the die (500) are coupled to a second cassette (602) and all the third stem-carrying plates (300) of the matrix (500) are coupled to a third box (603), in which at least two (602, 603) of the three boxes are coupled to said actuators (6), which control their positioning in the longitudinal direction to make the relative support rods perform a corresponding longitudinal stroke. 10. Apparatus (1000) according to claim 9, wherein the three cassettes (601-603) are arranged stacked one on top of the other, or are arranged one inside the other at the same level, and between the cassettes (601-603 )? there is a clearance at least corresponding to the strokes that the rod-holder plates (100-300) must be able to perform. Apparatus (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which all the support groups (1) are constrained to an arm (8) which is movable and rotatable with respect to the at least one grinding wheel (M).