ITTO20080761A1 - INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT AND RE-USE OF FLOOD OF AQUACULTURE ON GROUND - Google Patents
INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT AND RE-USE OF FLOOD OF AQUACULTURE ON GROUND Download PDFInfo
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- ITTO20080761A1 ITTO20080761A1 IT000761A ITTO20080761A ITTO20080761A1 IT TO20080761 A1 ITTO20080761 A1 IT TO20080761A1 IT 000761 A IT000761 A IT 000761A IT TO20080761 A ITTO20080761 A IT TO20080761A IT TO20080761 A1 ITTO20080761 A1 IT TO20080761A1
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- wastewater
- integrated system
- treatment
- water
- reuse
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 title claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009372 pisciculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196252 Ulva Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013332 fish product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003308 immunostimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- -1 iron ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009364 mariculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000529 probiotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
Description
Sistema integrato per il trattamento ed il riutilizzo dei reflui degli impianti di acquacoltura a terra Integrated system for the treatment and reuse of wastewater from land-based aquaculture plants
La presente invenzione ha per oggetto un sistema integrato completo per la depurazione e il riutilizzo dei reflui degli impianti di acquacoltura a terra. The present invention relates to a complete integrated system for the purification and reuse of wastewater from land-based aquaculture plants.
L'acquacoltura in generale e la maricoltura in particolare hanno assunto negli ultimi anni un ruolo sempre più importante nella produzione ittica e, per alcune specie, tali attività costituiscono un valido supporto alla pesca nel soddisfacimento della crescente richiesta di mercato, contribuendo ad alleviare la condizione tuttora deficitaria della nostra bilancia alimentare in materia di prodotti ittici. Tuttavia, i reflui degli impianti di acquacoltura a terra (sia di acqua dolce che marina) possono rappresentare una potente fonte di eutrofizzazione delle acque superficiali, dovuto, principalmente, alla presenza di feci e di residui di mangime. La maggior parte della materia organica e delle sostanze potenzialmente nocive sono proprio legate a queste due componenti. In generale, le conseguenze delle attività di allevamento ittico sull'ambiente sono determinate dalla relazione tra la quantità e la natura dei prodotti di rifiuto e dallo stato del corpo idrico recettore dei reflui. Gli allevamenti di tipo intensivo, possono produrre grandi quantità di residui inquinanti, come del resto avviene per altre forme di produzione animale intensiva. Tuttavia, rispetto agli allevamenti terrestri (es. avicoli), i cui scarti non raggiungono direttamente i corpi idrici recettori, gli impianti di acquacoltura intensiva possono creare impatti più diretti sugli ambienti acquatici, per la localizzazione delle unità di produzione negli stessi o per l'immissione in questi delle acque reflue da impianti ubicati a terra. La riduzione dell’impatto delle attività di allevamento ittico, quindi, prima ancora della progettazione e realizzazione di sistemi per il trattamento dei reflui, deve prevedere l’applicazione di protocolli di controllo tesi da un lato ad ottimizzare l’uso degli alimenti e ridurre gli sprechi di mangime e, dall’altra, ad ottimizzare l’uso dell’acqua per rendere più efficienti i sistemi di trattamento. Per la nutrizione, in particolare, dovrebbero essere maggiormente utilizzati mangimi commerciali estrusi sottoforma di pellettati, che presentano una buona stabilità in acqua ed una galleggiabilità tale da facilitarne l’assunzione da parte del pesce. Aquaculture in general and mariculture in particular have assumed an increasingly important role in fish production in recent years and, for some species, these activities constitute a valid support to fishing in satisfying the growing market demand, helping to alleviate the condition still lacking in our food balance in terms of fish products. However, wastewater from land-based aquaculture plants (both fresh and marine water) can represent a powerful source of surface water eutrophication, mainly due to the presence of faeces and feed residues. Most of the organic matter and potentially harmful substances are linked to these two components. In general, the consequences of fish farming activities on the environment are determined by the relationship between the quantity and nature of the waste products and by the state of the water body receiving wastewater. Intensive farms can produce large quantities of polluting residues, as is the case for other forms of intensive animal production. However, compared to terrestrial farms (e.g. poultry), whose waste does not directly reach the receiving water bodies, intensive aquaculture plants can create more direct impacts on aquatic environments, due to the location of production units in the same or for the introduction into these of waste water from plants located on the ground. The reduction of the impact of fish farming activities, therefore, even before the design and construction of systems for the treatment of wastewater, must include the application of control protocols aimed on the one hand at optimizing the use of food and reducing waste of feed and, on the other hand, to optimize the use of water to make treatment systems more efficient. For nutrition, in particular, extruded commercial feeds in the form of pellets should be used more, which have good stability in water and buoyancy such as to facilitate their intake by the fish.
La scelta del tipo di alimento e del sistema di somministrazione<deve poter assicurare:>The choice of the type of food and the administration system <must be able to ensure:>
• La riduzione degli sprechi legati alla distribuzione del<mangime non consumato;>• The reduction of waste related to the distribution of <uneaten feed;>
• La verifica dei consumi giornalieri, attraverso un preciso calcolo delle razioni alimentari in funzione dell’accrescimento della biomassa; • Verification of daily consumption, through a precise calculation of food rations according to the growth of biomass;
<• Il controllo del prodotto di allevamento;><• The control of the farmed product;>
• L’utilizzo di mangimi ad alta digeribilità. • The use of highly digestible feed.
La realizzazione di approcci produttivi ecologicamente più sostenibili, richiede anche l’adozione di strategie per l’ottimizzazione dell’uso dell’acqua. Risulta quindi indispensabile mirare ad una drastica riduzione delle quantità di acqua impiegate attraverso l’utilizzo di tecnologie innovative per la filtrazione e la sterilizzazione dell’acqua stessa. The implementation of more environmentally sustainable production approaches also requires the adoption of strategies for optimizing the use of water. It is therefore essential to aim at a drastic reduction in the quantities of water used through the use of innovative technologies for the filtration and sterilization of the water itself.
Sono noti allo stato della tecnica diversi sistemi di purificazione delle acque mediante ultrafiltrazione, nanofiltrazione e microfiltrazione. Tuttavia essi riguardano principalmente delle macchine e dei dispositivi in grado di filtrare le acque e di separare gli escrementi dai residui di mangime. In particolare, il brevetto EP1129757 descrive una macchina per la microfiltrazione di particelle solide sospese in una corrente liquida e il brevetto PCT N. WO2007039509, pur rivendicando una tecnologia simile a quella descritta nel presente trovato, non descrive nello specifico lo stesso sistema di trattamento, né l’impiego dello stesso nei sistemi di purificazione dell’ acquacoltura. Various water purification systems by means of ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and microfiltration are known in the state of the art. However, they mainly concern machines and devices capable of filtering water and separating excrement from feed residues. In particular, the patent EP1129757 describes a machine for the microfiltration of solid particles suspended in a liquid stream and the PCT patent No. WO2007039509, while claiming a technology similar to that described in the present invention, does not specifically describe the same treatment system, nor its use in aquaculture purification systems.
Il problema tecnico risolto dalla presente invenzione è la definizione e l’applicazione di un sistema integrato completo che permette la depurazione delle acque reflue (sia di acqua dolce che marina) e il riutilizzo dell’acqua stessa purificata e dei fanghi compattati e stabilizzati, secondo le rivendicazioni 1 e 6. The technical problem solved by the present invention is the definition and application of a complete integrated system that allows the purification of waste water (both fresh and sea water) and the reuse of the purified water itself and of the compacted and stabilized sludge, according to claims 1 and 6.
La descrizione dettagliata dell’invenzione fa riferimento alle<tavola allegata 1/1. In particolare:>The detailed description of the invention refers to the <attached table 1/1. In particular:>
• La fig. 1 mostra una sezione tridimensionale del filtro meccanico (a tamburo o a dischi). Sono messi in evidenza il passaggio del refluo all’interno del filtro(2), il blocco dei<sedimenti (1) e l’uscita unica dell’acqua filtrata (3).>• Fig. 1 shows a three-dimensional section of the mechanical filter (drum or disc). The passage of the wastewater inside the filter (2), the blocking of <sediments (1) and the single outlet of the filtered water (3) are highlighted.>
• la fig. 2 mostra lo schema completo del sistema integrato per il trattamento dei reflui dell’acquacoltura. • fig. 2 shows the complete diagram of the integrated system for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater.
Il sistema di microfiltrazione descritto nella presente invenzione, è rappresentato da un filtro a tamburo o a dischi che per la sua tipica conformazione permette di avere un’ampia superficie filtrante. La filtrazione avviene attraverso una rete di nylon con maglie da 60 micron. I solidi presenti nei reflui (2) (concentrazione media 20/50mg/litro), vengono così trattenuti (1) sulla rete di nylon, mentre l’acqua filtrata (3) fuoriesce dal filtro e convogliata in vasche di raccolta. Successivamente i residui solidi vengono rimossi attraverso un sistema di lavaggio delle reti e convogliati in un’ulteriore vasca di raccolta. Queste acque di raccolta dei sedimenti presentano una concentrazione di solidi di circa 3-4 g/l. The microfiltration system described in the present invention is represented by a drum or disc filter which, due to its typical shape, allows for a large filtering surface. Filtration takes place through a nylon mesh with 60 micron mesh. The solids present in the wastewater (2) (average concentration 20 / 50mg / liter), are thus retained (1) on the nylon mesh, while the filtered water (3) comes out of the filter and conveyed to collection tanks. Subsequently, the solid residues are removed through a washing system of the nets and conveyed to a further collection tank. These sediment collection waters have a solids concentration of about 3-4 g / l.
Questo primo passaggio dei reflui all’interno del sistema di filtrazione, permette di rimuovere circa il 70% dei solidi sospesi presenti nelle acque reflue. Dalle analisi effettuate risulta, inoltre, che la maggior parte di azoto e fosforo rimane legata al residuo solido e soltanto una piccola frazione solubile riesce a sfuggire al sistema di filtrazione sopra descritto. La rimozione delle quantità totali di azoto e fosforo è di circa il 75% sulla frazione non filtrata. La componente inorganica solubile sia dell’azoto che del fosforo rimane inalterata durante il processo, questo dimostra che la rimozione dei solidi sospesi determina un repentino abbassamento delle concentrazioni di azoto e fosforo nella forma organica, mentre la forma inorganica disciolta necessita di un ulteriore trattamento. Mentre nitriti e nitrati si attestano su livelli stazionari, sia in entrata che in uscita, si nota un significativo abbassamento dei valori di NH4+, dovuti sia all’azione meccanica del filtro che all’eliminazione della frazione organica dei solidi sospesi cui l’ammoniaca è legata. This first passage of the wastewater inside the filtration system allows you to remove about 70% of the suspended solids present in the wastewater. Furthermore, from the analyzes carried out, it appears that most of nitrogen and phosphorus remain bound to the solid residue and only a small soluble fraction manages to escape the filtration system described above. The removal of the total quantities of nitrogen and phosphorus is about 75% on the unfiltered fraction. The soluble inorganic component of both nitrogen and phosphorus remains unchanged during the process, this demonstrates that the removal of suspended solids causes a sudden lowering of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the organic form, while the dissolved inorganic form requires further treatment. While nitrites and nitrates settle at stationary levels, both in input and output, there is a significant lowering of the NH4 + values, due both to the mechanical action of the filter and to the elimination of the organic fraction of the suspended solids to which ammonia is tied.
Il particolato solido ottenuto dal sistema di filtrazione e analizzato microscopicamente risulta essere di origine organica, costituito principalmente da alghe, polveri di mangime non consumato e feci. Le acque di raccolta dei sedimenti ottenute con il controlavaggio del filtro vengono trasferite per gravità al sistema di trattamento dei fanghi. The solid particulate obtained from the filtration system and microscopically analyzed turns out to be of organic origin, consisting mainly of algae, uneaten feed dust and faeces. The sediment collection waters obtained with the filter backwash are transferred by gravity to the sludge treatment system.
Il sistema è composto da una vasca di circa 200 litri dove avviene dapprima il processo di COAGULAZIONE. Questo processo permette l’aggregazione di particelle (1-2mm di diametro), ed è innescato dall’aggiunta di Ferro Cloruro a concentrazioni stabilite. Il tempo di stazionamento delle particelle così coagulate nella vasca è fondamentale al fine di permettere agli ioni ferro di agire in modo efficace. Prima di trasferire l’acqua e le particelle al successivo stadio di ispessimento, viene innescato un processo di FLOCCULAZIONE attraverso l’aggiunta di appropriate concentrazioni di un polimero, normalmente a base di poliacrilammide che permette la formazione di aggregati di particelle di dimensioni di circa 10-30mm (e oltre) di diametro, lasciando l’acqua residua (matrice) trasparente. The system consists of a tank of about 200 liters where the COAGULATION process first takes place. This process allows the aggregation of particles (1-2mm in diameter), and is triggered by the addition of Iron Chloride at established concentrations. The residence time of the particles thus coagulated in the tank is fundamental in order to allow the iron ions to act effectively. Before transferring the water and the particles to the subsequent thickening stage, a FLOCCULATION process is triggered through the addition of appropriate concentrations of a polymer, usually based on polyacrylamide which allows the formation of aggregates of particles of about 10 size. -30mm (and more) in diameter, leaving the residual water (matrix) transparent.
Il coagulante e il flocculante sono dosati e distribuiti tramite due pompe peristaltiche, il primo in corrispondenza di ogni ciclo di controlavaggio, il secondo ad ogni svuotamento della vasca di raccolta fanghi. All’interno della vasca viene continuamente assicurato il rimescolamento del contenuto attraverso un agitatore ad elica. The coagulant and flocculant are dosed and distributed by two peristaltic pumps, the first at each backwash cycle, the second at each emptying of the sludge collection tank. Inside the tank, the mixing of the contents is continuously ensured through a propeller stirrer.
L’acqua e i “fiocchi” ottenuti vengono quindi trasferiti nel sistema di ISPESSIMENTO dei fanghi rappresentato da un filtro a nastro (belt-filter). La porzione filtrante del sistema è rappresentata da un nastro a fibra con maglie da 250 microns. I fiocchi vengono trattenuti sul nastro e trasportati verso la zona di raccolta. The water and the "flakes" obtained are then transferred to the sludge THICKNESS system represented by a belt filter. The filtering portion of the system is represented by a fiber ribbon with 250 microns mesh. The flakes are held on the belt and transported to the collection area.
L’acqua filtrata attraverso le maglie del nastro viene convogliata allo scarico. Solo una parte di essa viene riutilizzata per il contro lavaggio del nastro stesso. The water filtered through the belt mesh is conveyed to the drain. Only a part of it is reused for backwashing the belt itself.
Il trattamento dei reflui e la rimozione dei solidi sospesi secondo il procedimento descritto nella presente invenzione, porta ad una riduzione di circa il 50% dell’impatto sull’ambiente (calcolato come riduzione di carico di azoto e fosforo principalmente). The treatment of wastewater and the removal of suspended solids according to the process described in the present invention, leads to a reduction of about 50% of the impact on the environment (calculated as a reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus load mainly).
La combinazione di questi tre processi: COAGULAZIONE, FLOCCULAZIONE e ISPESSIMENTO porta alla formazione di un fango che presenta una concentrazione di sostanza secca visibile tra il 15 e il 25%. La natura di questo fango, così come i parametri chimico fisici e microbiologici dei prodotti nei vari passaggi, sono stati ampiamente caratterizzati e risultano compatibili con il riutilizzo dei fanghi stessi in agricoltura. The combination of these three processes: COAGULATION, FLOCCULATION and THICKNESS leads to the formation of a sludge which has a visible dry matter concentration between 15 and 25%. The nature of this sludge, as well as the chemical, physical and microbiological parameters of the products in the various passages, have been extensively characterized and are compatible with the reuse of the sludge in agriculture.
L’adozione dei sistemi descritti, attualmente, rappresenta l’unica soluzione disponibile sul mercato europeo, che sia al tempo stesso di facile applicabilità ed economicamente valida. The adoption of the systems described currently represents the only solution available on the European market, which is both easy to apply and economically viable.
I reflui dell’impianto, una volta privati per la gran parte della componente dei solidi sospesi, possono essere riutilizzati all’interna dell’impianto o scaricati in mare in mare senza danni per l’ambiente. The plant wastewater, once deprived for most of the suspended solids component, can be reused inside the plant or discharged into the sea without damage to the environment.
Le acque provenienti dal processo di ispessimento dei fanghi, sono molto ricche di nutrienti e necessitano di un ulteriore trattamento, attraverso l’impiego di un sistema integrato di fitodepurazione, per la riduzione del carico di nutrienti disciolti. I solidi sospesi nelle acque reflue risultano più facili da rimuovere rispetto alle frazioni disciolte che contengono, a volte, anche potenziali sostanze inquinanti. La riduzione di tali sostanze è perciò obbligatoria per ridurre l’impatto ambientale dell’acqua di scarico e per un suo effettivo riutilizzo. Il controllo e la riduzione dei nutrienti disciolti, dei gas disciolti, del pH, dei prodotti chimici dissolti e degli agenti patogeni può essere fatto in maniera vantaggiosa tramite l’utilizzo di bio-filtri che, entro determinati limiti, possono ridurre il carico chimico, biologico e microbiologico dell’effluente. Allo stato della tecnica sono noti alcuni metodi per il controllo dei nutrienti nei reflui, quali ad esempio l’impiego di vasche per la produzione massiva di alghe (High Rate Algal Pond: HRAP), principalmente macroalghe come Ulva sp.; tale sistema, tuttavia, risulta essere efficiente anche per la produzione di microalghe, le quali assorbono gli elementi disciolti (N, P, C) a seconda delle condizioni e del fotoperiodo. Anche se ancora in fase preliminare, l’utilizzo del sistema HRAP sembra essere molto efficiente, con un purificazione media del 70% di azoto inorganico e del 52% di fosforo. In condizioni ottimali, la riduzione del carico di nutrienti può raggiungere il 95% per l’azoto e l’85% per il fosforo. Le alghe prodotte possono essere utilizzate come materia prima dall’industria farmaceutica o per la produzione diretta o indiretta di altri alimenti. L’acqua reflua, ormai privata del suo carico di nutrienti, può essere scaricata in estrema sicurezza nei corpi idrici recettori. Quest’acqua, tuttavia, presenta alti valori di ossigeno disciolto, un pH leggermente basico, alte concentrazioni di batteri probiotici e di sostanze immunostimolanti (concetto di “acqua matura” che determinano condizioni molto favorevoli per il riutilizzo della stessa acqua nel processo produttivo di allevamento. The waters coming from the sludge thickening process are very rich in nutrients and require further treatment, through the use of an integrated phytoremediation system, to reduce the load of dissolved nutrients. Suspended solids in wastewater are easier to remove than dissolved fractions which sometimes also contain potential pollutants. The reduction of these substances is therefore mandatory to reduce the environmental impact of waste water and for its effective reuse. The control and reduction of dissolved nutrients, dissolved gases, pH, dissolved chemicals and pathogens can be done in an advantageous way through the use of bio-filters which, within certain limits, can reduce the chemical load, biological and microbiological of the effluent. At the state of the art, some methods are known for the control of nutrients in wastewater, such as the use of tanks for the massive production of algae (High Rate Algal Pond: HRAP), mainly macroalgae such as Ulva sp .; however, this system is also efficient for the production of microalgae, which absorb the dissolved elements (N, P, C) depending on the conditions and the photoperiod. Although still in the preliminary phase, the use of the HRAP system seems to be very efficient, with an average purification of 70% inorganic nitrogen and 52% phosphorus. Under optimal conditions, the reduction of the nutrient load can reach 95% for nitrogen and 85% for phosphorus. The algae produced can be used as a raw material by the pharmaceutical industry or for the direct or indirect production of other foods. The wastewater, now deprived of its nutrient load, can be discharged in extreme safety into the receiving water bodies. This water, however, has high dissolved oxygen values, a slightly basic pH, high concentrations of probiotic bacteria and immunostimulating substances (concept of "mature water" which determine very favorable conditions for the reuse of the same water in the breeding production process. .
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IT000761A ITTO20080761A1 (en) | 2008-10-17 | 2008-10-17 | INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT AND RE-USE OF FLOOD OF AQUACULTURE ON GROUND |
PCT/IT2008/000669 WO2010044115A1 (en) | 2008-10-17 | 2008-10-27 | Integrated system for the treatment and the reuse of the aquaculture effluents |
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CN104150694B (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-06-22 | 武汉大学 | The combination unit of a kind of ecological method advanced treating breeding wastewater and method |
CN104150691B (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2015-11-18 | 中国环境科学研究院 | A kind of compound alternating current wetland molecular sieve biological disk treatment system and method |
CN104150701B (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-04-20 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Multistage water inlet wetland and compound bio rotating disk sewage quick treatment device and method |
CN105399286B (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2018-06-26 | 浙江省淡水水产研究所 | A kind of Novel cultivation water body in-situ Ecosystem restoration system |
CN105585130B (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2017-12-26 | 河海大学 | The draining control purification hybrid system and implementation in a kind of rice field-upland field rotation farmland |
US11623876B2 (en) | 2019-03-04 | 2023-04-11 | Louis A. Licht | PhAGR basin |
US10865129B2 (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2020-12-15 | Louis A. Licht | Phytoremediation treatment system and containerized method of treating pollutants in water |
CN110156274A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-23 | 上海泓循环境科技发展有限公司 | A kind of aquaculture tail water treatment system |
CN110835202A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-02-25 | 东珠生态环保股份有限公司 | Restoration method for wetland ecosystem |
CN113841655B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-09-20 | 中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司 | Fish culture environment purification system and method based on water environment treatment |
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