ITRM960116A1 - POER SYSTEM FOR DATA TRANSMISSION, REMOTE SENSING, REMOTE CONTROLS, REMOTE READING AND SIMILAR, PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR DISTRIBUTION LINES - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Procedure for determining the type of transmission in the center of a motor vehicle. 21. The invention relates to a method for determining the type of gearbox chosen from a given number of gearboxes and coupled to a drive motor, each type of transmission being individual by means of the structural groups existing in the gearbox and through one or more relative constants transmission. 22. For the automatic determination of the transmission of a gearbox it is proposed to operate, by means of a unit for determining the type of transmission of the gearbox, all the sensors and / or actuators of the gearbox for the determination of the structural groups existing in the gearbox and to detect the numbers of gearbox and / or engine revolutions for determining one or a plurality of production constants and for determining the type of gearbox by comparing the values thus determined with the corresponding ones stored in the transmission type determination unit for each of the predetermined types of exchange. 23. Use for example for commercial vehicles.

Description

Description of the industrial invention entitled: "SYSTEM FOR DATA TRANSMISSION, REMOTE SENSING, REMOTE CONTROLS, REMOTE READINGS AND ANALOGS, PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION LINES".

Industrial invention of an electronic system capable of using the electric power supply lines, of the parallel and / or series type, to transmit data, remote sensing, remote controls, remote readings and the like. The system, called LDS (Line Data System), does not use modulated conveyed waves but an original, fast and safe transmission technique that uses the same power lines without requiring modifications or the adoption of expensive components. The units in the field execute the commands issued by the Control and transmit back the data of the phenomena detected by transducers. Multiple systems can operate simultaneously for different uses on the same line without interfering. If the system uses the lines of a public lighting system, the detection units in the field remain in operation during the day without requiring the use of buffer batteries.

*** PROBLEMS TO SOLVE ***

The current technique that uses the same lighting and electricity distribution lines for communications to perform the services listed in the summary is superseded by the invention in question.

Glossary For relevance to the technical language some terms are in English and others are abbreviated as specified below:

Lines Electric power lines;

Sinusoid Sinusoid and frequency at 50Hz of the power line current;

Half-wave Semi-sinusoid and frequency at 50Hz of the power line current; Control Electronic unit with command functions; Unit station in the field;

Tones Transmission frequencies, not modulated; Block Set of one or more Sinusoids and / or Line Halfwaves.

The inventors list some main problems that they wanted to solve with the present invention, called for convenience LDS "Line Data System":

1st Problem: It was to obtain an innovative and fast system which, for data communication, is able to use the same Lines as they exist, of parallel and / or series type, without requiring modifications and providing solutions to typical problems of conveyed wave systems (hereinafter "OC"), including reduced propagation and possible radiofrequency irradiation that creates interference or disturbances on adjacent lines or other systems. In fact, the transmission of the OC which usually takes place between neutral to earth and the three phases joined by unpredictable loads and power factor correction capacities, actually creates a typical unbalanced dipole, that is a real transmitting antenna that radiates in particular through the conductors of vertical feed and earth.

2nd Problem: It was the need for the sensor stations, if connected to a public lighting line, to remain powered and in operation even during the hours in which the lanterns are off, without therefore requiring the use of buffer batteries or other sustenance;

3rd Problem: It was the need for the Stations to communicate with the Control in Full-Duplex mode, minimizing the occupation of the spectrum of the allowed and available frequencies.

4 "Problem: It was the economic aspect, to obtain a better cost / performance ratio, which is solved by the innovations of LDS which, by not requiring changes to the power lines, obtains the lowest investment cost compared to what has been known so far .

*** FIELD OF APPLICATION ***

And it is for the original resolutions to the aforementioned problems that the LDS system finds its ideal application (currently preferred by the inventors, indicative and not limiting) wherever there is the opportunity to use the Energy distribution lines to propose applications including at least 3 sectors can be anticipated: 1 ° of Transport, for the detection and management of vehicular traffic; 2 ° of Pollution, through stations for collecting climatic and environmental data; 3 ° of the management of electricity, gas, water, district heating distribution networks, etc.

The large territorial extension and the widespread diffusion reached by the road network and distribution networks in extra-urban and urban areas have created an insurmountable economic barrier to the creation of extensive and pervasive monitoring and control systems. This barrier is overcome by means of the opportunities offered by the present invention. In fact, LDS makes it possible to create extensive and capillary acquisition networks with coverage of the extra-urban and urban territory for the acquisition and communication of elementary, congruent and isochronous data thanks to the ease with which the detection stations can be applied on any type of line to create the desired system.

*** INNOVATIVE TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS ***

LDS is basically made up of 2 different types of electronic units. The first consists of the control unit and the second instead are the sensor stations for detections / remote controls and similar to be installed in the field.

The aforementioned electronic units that make up LDS boast valid innovative technological solutions, among which we highlight the main ones:

I) Synchrosys It concerns the original synchronous method with the Line frequency to send data and command codes to the units in the field, (FIG.6). The method, which uses non-modulated tones, is managed by the Control units and uses the Line to obtain an extremely solid and reliable communication system. The data and commands can be addressed indifferently to a single unit, to a group of them or to all the various families of units installed in the field that use the same Line.

These data and commands start, synchronize, switch off, modify the operating parameters of the units in the field and the data they manage. LDS operates on any type of Line and multiple systems are able to coexist on the same Line, even for different families and purposes, without limitation and without interfering with each other.

The data and commands sent by the Control do not interrupt the flow of data that in the meantime the field sends to the Control unit.

2) Synchrodata This concerns the original method of communicating the data sent from the field to the Control-10 by means of Tones whose frequencies are not modulated, (FIG.4).

The operating principle is based on the use of Tones inserted and synchronized with a Block of Sinusoids or Line Halfwaves to communicate a Byte.

The method The use of non-modulated frequencies, of the allowed and available range (even starting from the audio range), and synchronous with the Line according to the Synchrosys and Synchrodata methods, allows to realize communication protocols that are both extremely simple and efficient if compared with those of the asynchronous type used by OC systems, both immune from interference thanks to the integration redundancy of the signal (Tone) that can be carried out by the receiver in synchronous with the transmitter, so as to avoid the sending of parity bits and / or the repetition of messages .

Thanks to the extreme reliability that can be reached in recognizing the presence of a tone at a known frequency, it is possible to combine and discriminate several tones at the same time, in a bandwidth of 4kHz, for example, to obtain a Full Duplex transmission channel according to the method of the present invention. The use of basic tones at different frequencies allows to have several Control units on the same Line that manage independently, simultaneously without mutual limitations and interference, different arrays of Stations, each relating to the same system or to different application systems.

The method allows to contain not only the basic industrial costs but also to minimize the occupation of the range of the allowed and available frequencies.

Finally, since both Synchrodata and Synchrosys are synchronous with the line frequency, it is not necessary to introduce pauses between the sending of an elementary datum and the next. Each instant of the Line time can be used to communicate data and commands (FIGS.4,5,6).

In IT terms, the method makes it possible to create a Tokem-Passing synchronous communication management protocol with a predetermined sequence in the case of group or all unit scanning. This method allows both the Control and the Stations connected to it to manage the communication protocol transparently without occupying, for this management, part of the passband of the Line which therefore remains entirely available for the communication of data and commands only.

Full Duplex Synchrodata (FIG.4) combined with the Synchrosys command method (FIG.6), were invented to be used simultaneously with the advantage of obtaining an original and reliable two-way communication method on the Lines. At any time, the Control, using tones other than those used by the Stations, is able to send any Synchrosys communication to its units in the field without having to wait for the end or interrupt the flow of data that these units are communicating to the Control. .

4) Smartpower It concerns the original method by which the Stations with sensors, if installed on a public lighting system, remain powered and therefore in operation even with the lighting system turned off, without resorting to the use of autonomous means of support. operating.

To obtain the result, a low operating voltage was inserted into the Line which, while able to power the Sensor Stations, avoids triggering the Lamp Igniters and allows for any maintenance interventions.

5) Economic advantages The LDS system equally satisfies both application and cost-effectiveness requirements as it allows the lines to be used as they are to create monitoring and control systems extended to the entire territory reached by the road system and energy distribution networks. , gas and water. LDS can be placed as original, innovative, economical and practical among all the inventions, systems, methods or utilities currently known.

*** ABOUT OTHER SYSTEMS ***

All the techniques up to now in use involve heavy investments for the realization of the necessary infrastructures and high maintenance costs that have forced, until now, to limit the applications only to the most important nodes of the distribution networks. The known techniques can be traced back to the following:

A) Accessory conductors Systems based on the use of accessory conductors to be installed alongside the Lines. This method represents an apparently simple but expensive solution both for the initial investments, as the cables must comply with precise insulation standards, and for the additional maintenance costs linked to the vulnerability of the system due to the operational context: "The road".

B) Communication via radio or telephone Systems that use radio equipment, dedicated telephone lines or similar solutions are exposed to the same problems as accessory conductors.

C) Conveyed waves Systems that use modulated waves conveyed on the Line. They have a high susceptibility to electrical disturbances and impediments of the Lines, for which sophisticated management protocols are required, capable of recognizing any data loss and generating the relative repetition of messages. It follows from this, both a greater complexity and cost of the systems based on this technique, a reduction in data transport capacity compared to theoretical values, and the need to consider communication times in a precautionary way. Furthermore, it is necessary to check in advance, for each cable to be used, that the bandwidth and the group delay of each cable are congruent with the emission frequency and the modulation depth. lower capacitive reactance due to the need to use higher frequencies, compared to the LDS system, does not allow to reach the necessary operating distances without resorting to intermediate amplifications or signal repetition.

D) DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency) is a system used in telephony for the routing of calls that uses and mixes 2 tones at a time out of 8 available and is able to provide 16 different values.

Sometimes it is also used to communicate data and send remote controls, both in baseband and as a modulating carrier but, due to its limitations, it cannot be assimilated to the LDS system which, while using only one tone at a time, manages to be the LDS system, faster and able to transfer any configuration of Bytes.

*** SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ***

System for data transmission, remote sensing, remote controls, remote reading and similar, particularly suitable for electricity distribution lines, object of this document, was invented to overcome the problems of current technologies and be easily produced and installed by anyone. concerned with the result of allowing, as we will see below, all the necessary performances in a safer way as well as being, the LDS invention, even cheaper than any system known so far.

The general architecture of the LDS system is organized on 3 levels, briefly summarized as follows:

1 Supervision Center Level It consists of an apparatus or system upstream of the LDS Control (s) which, being conventional, cannot be claimed but is in any case indicated in the tables complementing the universal use of the LDS system.

2 "Control Level It consists of one or more intelligent electronic units capable of managing, communicating and receiving data from the units in the field via the common line. More control units can depend on the same Supervisory Center but can also operate independently and self-sufficient.

3 Station Level It consists of electronic field units, intelligent and adaptable to multiple uses, capable of managing one or more transducers of different nature for detections, remote controls and similar according to the various needs required by the user. The Stations, if installed on a public lighting system, are able to operate even in the hours when the lighting is off without requiring buffer batteries or other support systems on board. The various sections that make up a Station are contained in a watertight box, possibly thermostated, applicable to a pole or wall and is able to supply the voltages and currents required by the different types of transducers used.

*** LIST OF TABLES ***

The invention presented now deals with the perfect description of the system and of the main innovative solutions conceived, with regard to the following original methods.

1st Synchrosys for sending data and synchronous commands; 2nd Synchrodata for data communication;

3 ° Smartpowèr for operation during the day; Finally, all the basic measures that make up the assembly are also clearly described so that, by virtue of the technical teaching that this documentation is able to express, it is in fact possible to place an expert on the subject in the condition of being able to reproduce the 'invention.

It is understood that the following description, relating to the constitution, technical description and operation of the LDS system summarizes the version preferred by the inventors but nothing prevents that, on the basis of the same philosophy of the invention or on the basis of what is suggested by the salient solutions specified and / or exemplified, the invention can be realized and exploited, even in part and / or by derivation, industrially and economically in other ways and in different fields of application.

Fig.l It shows the general block diagram of the system for detectors and remote controls;

Fig.2 It exemplifies the general block diagram of the system for remote reading of meters; Fig.3 It exemplifies an application of the system between a single phase and neutral;

Fig.4 Explains the wave forms of the communication method

high-speed synchrodata nication; Flg.5 Explain the waveforms of the low speed Synchrodata communication method;

Fig.6 Explicit waveforms of the Synchrosys command code by using non-modulated and synchronous tones with the Line Sinusoids;

Fig.7 It exemplifies the block diagram of the Control unit;

Fig.8 Exemplifies the block diagram of a typical Station in the field.

*** DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLES ***

For greater clarity, the electrical circuits have been described using discrete components but the concept of operation is in any case claimed even if broadly integrated programmable components are used (Gate Array, Microprocessors, or similar). Only the most significant parts of the units are described and all the non-limiting examples refer to the power supply voltage of the electrical circuits at 220 Volt, 50Hz. The concepts illustrated are also valid for use with other types of components and different voltage and frequency values. FIG.l It exemplifies the general block diagram of the LDS system dedicated to detectors and remote controls when installed on a public lighting system. The diagram is divided into two sections: The Control unit is grouped in the "Energy Delivery Point Section" and the units in the field are grouped in the "Field Section".

On the left you can see the arrival of the Line (1) power supply and the power factor correction capacity (2) possibly present upstream of the LDS system.

Note the Teledeviators (3) which are necessary to insert the subsidiary power supply (4) at low voltage at 50 Hz (Smartpower) to power the Stations in the absence of primary energy at 220 Volts.

The low sustenance voltage applied to the Line does not affect the public lighting lanterns installed which therefore remain deactivated. This sustenance voltage for the Detection Stations (9) is inserted in the hours in which the lighting is switched off. In fact, the Teledeviators (3) are normally kept closed on the contacts towards the 220 Volt power supply. In the absence of the aforementioned power supply, the Teledeviators automatically switch to the reserve contacts and switch on the low supply voltage supplied by (4).

Control The Control unit (5) sends the commands to the field through the induction circuit (6), one for each power supply phase, and collects the data coming from the field by means of as many induction circuits (7) without physically connecting to the Line . Finally, it communicates with any Supervisory Center via a data transmission line (8).

Field The lighting lanterns and relative lamps are not represented, usually powered between phase and neutral, as these do not belong to the topics in question. The section shows a single sensor station (9) equipped with active and / or passive detection transducers (10) and outputs for remote controls (11) for actuators and / or presentation devices and finally the Line (12) continues towards the other units. It is clearly visible that the Sensor Station of the Field Section communicates with the Control Unit (5) exclusively through the same Line.

FIG. 2 It exemplifies the general block diagram of the LDS system when used on phase-to-phase distribution networks. This type of connection also allows to translate the communication of data and commands between the secondary and the medium voltage primary of a transformer.

The diagram in example, relating to the remote reading of meters, is divided into two sections: The Control unit is grouped in the "Electric Cabinet Section" and the field units are grouped in the "Field Section".

On the left you can see the presence of the 220 Volt single-phase power supply of the Line (13) present in the Electrical Cabinet. The same concept is valid for the other two phases not shown in the drawing for simplicity of presentation.

The Control unit (14) sends the commands to the field by means of two induction circuits (15) and receives the data by means of two detection circuits (16) with which it also obtains the 50Hz Line synchronism. It should be noted that the Control does not act directly on the Line current, from which it is therefore galvanically isolated.

On the right is summarized a column of counters (18) and as many relative transducers for their reading (19).

The reading station (20) reads the values marked by the transducers by means of a Demultiplex (21) and keeps them in memory; It receives the commands issued by the Control (14) through the detection circuits (23) and sends the detected data to the Control (14) through the induction circuits (22).

Performance As an example, the comparison of the performances between the LDS system that uses a Tone at 1.600.Hz compared to an OC system that uses a frequency at 80.kHz to transmit on a distribution circuit between phase and phase is shown below. .

Given that, due to the different communication protocols intrinsic to the two systems (Synchronous that of LDS, asynchronous that of OC), the LDS system is able to transfer, for the same time, much more useful data than it can transfer a OC system with communication speed of 1,200 bps, it is necessary to consider that, in order to evaluate the power necessary to transmit over long distances on low voltage lines, it is necessary to take into account the presence of power factor correction capacitors.

Assuming that each capacitor has a nominal value of 8 pF and that the total installed capacity is 800 pF (for each phase), it follows the following ratio between the attenuations:

For a 1.600.Hz LDS System Tone:

[1] XCLDS = 1: (2n · F · C) = 1: {2n <■> 1.600 <■> 800 · IO <'6>) = 0.125Ω - For an OC system carrier at 80.KHz:

[2] XCeok = 1: (2TI-F-C) = 1: (2π 80 IO <3 ■> 800 IO <'6>) =

= 0.002.500Ω

The attenuation ratio in dB, between the LDS system and the 80.kHz system, due to the capacitive load of the power factor correction capacitors, is to the disadvantage of the OC system at 80.kHz, being:

[3] 20 Logio (XCeoh: XCLDS) = -33.9 dB

It can be deduced that to obtain an effective voltage V „, of at least 0.050 Volt, the following induced currents Ιβ0κ and transmission ILDS are required:

For a 1.600.Hz LDS System Tone:

[4] IlDS = (Vr „: XCLDS) = (0, 050: 0, 125) = 0, 4 Ampere;

Equal to the power of 0.020 Watt

For an OC system carrier at 80.kHz:

[5] Ieox = (Vr „: XCaon) = (0, 050: 0, 002. 500) = 20 Ampere;

Equal to the power of 1 Watt

Since the ratio between the two powers (Watts) equal to 16.9 dB, it follows that if the LDS system used the same induced current Ιβο1⁄4 of 20 Amperes it would exceed by at least 5 times the propagation achievable by an 80.kHz system such as that shown in the example. Therefore, in terms of performance, the LDS system is able to allow a better propagation and a greater transport of useful data for the same time F1G.3 It exemplifies the use of LDS on single-phase and neutral distribution networks, scheme used usually from OC systems.

(25) Three-phase medium voltage power supply;

(26) Three-phase medium / low voltage transformer: (27) RX / TX induction circuit of the control; (28) Control;

(29) Station;

(30) TX / RX induction circuit of the Station; (31) Parasitic capacities towards the ground distributed along the Lines;

To evaluate the power required to transmit with this method over long distances, it is necessary to consider the attenuation caused by the parasitic capacitances (31) distributed between the 3 energy conductors and the neutral referred to earth.

The value in Ω of the capacitive reactance XC constitutes the parasitic load that induces the attenuation of the signals.

By way of example, the comparison of the performances between the LDS system that uses a tone at 1.600.Hz compared to an OC system that has the following characteristics is shown:

- VT * 2 Volt Transmission rms voltage - VRX 0.01 Volt Receiving rms voltage - WTX 1 Watt Transmission rms power - FTx 72 kHz Transmission frequency In this situation it results:

Transmission current ΙΤχ:

[6] Ιτχ = WTX: VTX = 1: 2 = 0.5 Ampere

Load capacitive XC reactor:

[7] XCoc = V „: Itx = 2: 0.5 = 4 Ω

Value of distributed capacity C (31):

[8] C = 1: (2TI * FTX * XC) = 1 :( 2n <■> 72 IO <3> 4) = 0.552 pF Attenuation in dB between the rms level of the received VRX signal and the emitted VIX signal :

[9] 20 Logio (VRX: Vxx) - 20 Log ^ o (0.01: 2) - —46 dB In the case of LDS with Tone at 1600 Hz, we obtain:

Load Capacitive Reactance:

[10] XClDB = 1: (2π · FTX · C) = 1: (2n · 1600 <■> 0.552 · IO <'6>) = 180 Ω The attenuation ratio between the two systems (OC / LDS) results in detriment of the OCs and is equal to:

[11] 20 Log10 (XCoc: XClD9) = 20 LogI0 (4: 180) = -33 dB It follows that due to the different attenuation the LDS system is able to guarantee a propagation of more than 5 times higher than that provided by the OC . FIG.4 Explains the electrical diagram of the waveforms of the Synchrodata communication code. The principle on which the communication is based, from the various units in the field to the Control unit, consists in the modulation of the current of a Sinusoid Block by means of non-modulated tones and transmitted in synchronous with them. The recognition of the data coming from a specific unit in the field takes place on the principle that both the Control unit and all the units in the field are connected to the Line Sinusoids and are equipped with 50Hz meters started and synchronized by a specific Start signal emitted. from a logic section of the same Control, (FIG.6,7). Starting from this Start signal, the counters of all the units will be reset simultaneously and will start counting in steps starting from the same Sinusoid. In the event that several units have been addressed (a group or all), each will transmit in turn, according to the sequential order established during the installation phase, i.e. when the synchronous count at 50Hz corresponds to the Sinusoid Block assigned to the unit. as a group sequence or sequence of the entire array of Stations.

The system, exploiting the synchronism offered by the sinusoidal line current practically immune to disturbances given the considerable power involved, is able to keep the 50Hz meters of the Control in constant synchronism with those of the units in the field. The Control, analyzing the sequence of the various Sinusoid Blocks with the same Stations counting system and recognizing the Tone sent in each segment of the Block, is able to reconstruct the binary content of the communication carried out by the unit in the field and recognize its origin . The three brackets (33) (34) (35) show examples of different Blocks, other cases can be made by keeping the same principle of synchrony which is the essential object of this Found.

Line (32) Shows the 50Hz Line Sinusoids;

The positive half-waves with the sign (+) and the negative ones with the (-) are highlighted in the brackets;

Each letter "R" exposes the Result of the communication that is obtained according to the position of the Tones in the Sinusoids or in the Halfwaves;

Parenthesis (33) It is explicit the case that each field unit is assigned 4 Line Sinusoids to transmit a Byte using 4 different tones. Unit n.l is assigned Block n.l which includes the Sinusoids from n.l to n.4; Unit n.2 is assigned Block n.2 which includes Sinusoids from n.5 to n.8 and so on.

For the examples of the diagram the following values have been chosen for each pair of bits of the Byte:

1st tone "A" corresponds to the binary value "00" 2nd tone "B" corresponds to the binary value "01" 3rd tone "C" corresponds to the binary value "10" 4th tone "D" corresponds to the binary value " 11 "According to the binary value of each pair of bits of the Byte to be communicated, one of the 4 reference tones is chosen and the Line current is modulated with it for the duration of a Sinusoid.

Block 3, composed of Sinusoids 9,10,11,12, of the aforementioned parenthesis (33), explicitly simplifies the aforementioned 4-tone method. In fact, the same result can be achieved using only 3 tones and combining the lack of Tone the binary value "00", for example. Therefore, in the example, the absence of Tone is equivalent to Tone "A" of the two previous Blocks.

Parenthesis (34) Explicit how to use the method if a higher communication speed is required. In this case the duration of the modulation of the Line current is reduced to a single half wave for each tone, thus obtaining the possibility of communicating a Byte with 2 Sinusoids, 2 Bytes with 4 Sinusoids and so on;

The same method of the 3.Tones (33) 3rd Block is also applicable in this case as explained in the 3rd Block relating to Sinusoids 5,6.

Parenthesis (35) Explicit how to use the method in the case of a slower communication speed, particularly suitable, for example, for the remote reading of slowly variable consumption meters. In this situation it is possible to use lower frequency tones and extend the modulation of the Line current for 2 or more Sinusoids at 50Hz as better detailed by means of Fig. 5.

Extensibility The examples show, for reasons of space and simplicity, that each unit communicates only one Byte.

The method, in its generality, allows to communicate any number of Bytes, one after the other, until the required length of the message is reached. According to the performances required and the frequencies chosen for the Tones, the Line current can be modulated for the period of a half wave or fraction of it, of a sine wave or multiples of it. A Tone can be used according to a binary logic 1/0 so that its presence / absence in an element of the Block allows to send and receive the status of each of the Bits of a Byte.

On the other hand, assuming that more elementary tones are available, it is possible to associate a specific tone to each binary configuration of a tuple of bits, thus obtaining communication techniques that are increasingly faster as the value of the tuple increases since, for the same time, it will be possible to transfer increasing parts of a Byte.

In this case, if "n" is the value of the tuple, it will be necessary to have a number of elementary tones NT:

[12] NT = 2 <n>

There is the possibility of reducing this number to the value:

[13] NTo = 2 <n> - 1

using, as significant information, also the absence of Tone which can be associated, for example, the value = 0; The following table is obtained:

For example, by having 255 different elementary tones, it would be possible to communicate any value of a Byte in a single unit of time, while having only one tone, it will take 8 units of time to obtain the same communication.

The optimal choice will be made by balancing the desired performance and the basic complexity of the system. The determination of the elementary time unit: Half wave or fraction / Sinusoid or multiples, will be made on the basis of the frequencies chosen as basic tones and the redundancy necessary to achieve the desired communication reliability.

LA F1G.5 Explains better, than in the previous figure, the waveforms of the low speed Synchrodata communication method, particularly suitable for monitoring systems of phenomena characterized by low speed of variation. The adoption of Tones at an appropriate frequency, combined with the presence of a Tone for numerous Sinusoids, allows to obtain a communication immune from disturbances thanks to the redundancy of signal integration that can be carried out by the receiver.

Line (36) Shows the 50Hz Line Sinusoids;

Line (37) It shows the tone at frequency "A" which is prolonged for 10 Sinusoids and, due to lack of space, a portion of the duration of the tone "B" and so on;

Line (38) Shows the integration of Tone "A" in reception;

Line (39) Shows the beginning of the integration of the "B" tone in reception;

Line (40) Shows the moment in which the transmitted / received Tone is identified;

This example follows the concepts of the previous Fig. 3 regarding performance and expansion possibilities.

FIG.6 Explains the electrical diagram of the waveforms of the Synchrosys code formulated and issued by the Control for the command of the units in the field. It can be observed that the current of some serial Line Sinusoids is modulated to generate binary codes corresponding to:

Start signal

- Coded commands

Identification of the addressed devices (single and / or group)

Any other codes / data, following the previous ones and omitted for the sake of simplicity.

The method thus converts the low frequency of the Line at 50Hz into a short and fast binary code that can be sent on the Line regardless of the data flow that the field units are sending to the Control.

By using one or more non-modulated tones, the Control can generate a powerful, complete and composite message on the Line capable of satisfying all data and qojn3⁄4ndi communication needs.

The module that formulates the Code is contained in the Control Unit which sends it by means of the induction circuits (See Fig. 1 and FIG. 2) which insert the Tone current in synch with the Line Sinusoids. The Start command issued by a Control will synchronize only and only all the units in the field relating to the application system it controls.

By way of non-limiting example, a diagram of the Synchrosys code is shown, sized for 16 commands and 64 addresses, but nothing prevents the concept from being reduced or expanded as needed. The code shown in the diagram uses a Block of 12 Sinusoids configured as follows:

* 2 Bit Start signal;

* 4 Bit command code; - * 6 Bit address code.

Line (41 - A) Shows the 50Hz Line Sinusoids.

Line (41 - B) Shows the command code obtained by direct modulation of the Line current, particularly suitable for Stations installed on public lighting systems.

Line (41 - C) Shows the command code obtained by indirect modulation of the Line current, particularly suitable for Stations installed on other distribution networks.

The code begins with the Start command formulated, in the example, with the use of the Tone in an "ON" and an "OFF" Sinusoid. The command code and the address of the field unit to which the command is addressed follow. Line (41) represents the command as issued by the Control while the following lines (42/49) represent how this command is processed in reception and detected by the Stations in the field.

The Tone used for the Start signal can also be different from the Tones used for the communication of data, commands and addresses.

Line (42) Shows the result of the Tone integration. It can be noted that the logic level is always high in the presence of the Tone (State of "0N") and low when the Tone is absent (State of

MOFF ");

Line (43) Shows the 50Hz Continuous Clock being played locally. This continuous form is provided by the local generation system compared and synchronized in phase with the Line Sinusoids;

Row (44) Shows continuous, shorter and phase shifted pulses towards the end of each positive half wave. Each pulse is used to detect the absence or presence of the Tone in each Half Wave.

For reasons of simplicity of presentation, the code explained in the example relates only to the positive half waves but the same is done with the negative half waves and the two results compared and added together as drawn in the results (46/47/48/49);

Line (45) It shows the result supplied in output from an AND comparison circuit (omitted) by comparing the previous levels of the shapes (42/43/44);

Line (46) It displays the Result of the Start command in the established time interval;

Line (47) Shows the control of the duration of the communication cycle of the entire code, command and address, which begins at the end of the Start command (46) and extends for the established time up to the 12th Sinusoid in the example;

Line (48) It displays the Result of the command code in the assigned time interval (4 Sinusoids following the Start command);

Line (49) Exposes the Result of the address code of the unit in the field. The message will be received by all the stations functionally connected to the Control that issued the command: All those enabled to receive commands on that specific tone frequency, but only the station (s) addressed will execute it from the end of the communication cycle: 13.a Sinusoid in the example.

FIG.7 Exemplifies the block diagram of the Control Unit divided into 4 sections: Address Counters; Reception Tones; Transmitter and Logic.

Address Counters It has the task of counting the Sinusoids at 50Hz, by:

(50) Detection circuits;

(51) Circuit for taking and squaring the 50Hz Line synchronism pulses, supplied by the detection circuits (50), and command recognition circuit;

(52) 50Hz Prescaler divider to obtain the Block; (53) Decimal unit counter;

(54) Decimal tens counter;

(55) Hundreds decimal counter;

(56) AND matrix for determining the address of the Station that is sending the data from the field.

Reception Tones The example shows the case of a 4-tone Synchrodata communication. The section has the task of separating and detecting the tones received, by:

(57) Circuit for sampling and preamplification of the tones acquired through the detection circuits (50);

(58) Tone treatment and squaring circuit; (59) "A" Tone Detector;

(60) "B" Tone Detector;

(61) "C" Tone Detector;

(62) "D" Tone Detector;

(63) Demultiplex.

Logic It has the task of managing the whole unit, by:

(64) Microcontroller (Hereinafter: "CPU");

(65) Supply to the CPU (64) of the synchronism at 50Hz taken from the detection circuits (50); Transmitter Has the task of sending commands to all Stations functionally connected to the Control, in a balanced way on the two phases:

(66) 1st Push-Pull Driver for the transmission current of the command code tone;

(67) 2nd Push-Pull Driver in counterphase to the previous one for the transmission current of the command code tone;

(68) Command code induction circuit. Description The CPU (64) takes from the matrix (56) the address of the Station that is sending the data from the field. This determination takes place by means of the 50Hz counters and on the basis of the multiples of the number of Sinusoids established for each Block, as exemplified in FIG. 4 (33/34/35).

The CPU, in synchronism with the 50Hz Line by means of the circuit (65), activates the Demultiplex (63) to know which Tone is present in each Sinusoid or Half-wave that makes up each Block.

The CPU, based on the Tone present in each element of the Block, is able to reconstruct the binary content of the information sent by the Station whose address is the one determined by the circuit (56).

For the transmission of commands. The CPU enables Push-Pull circuits (66/67) which act as current drivers for induction circuits (68).

The CPU sends, through the interface (69) (optional), the data to the possible Supervision Center by means of a line or coaxial cable (70).

FIG.8 Exemplifies the block diagram of a typical Field Station divided for simplicity into 3 sections: Address Counters; Oscillator and Logic.

Address Counters It has the task of counting the Sinusoids at 50Hz, by:

(71) 50Hz prescaler divider to obtain the Block; (7Z) Decimal counter of the Units;

(73) Decimal counter of the Tens;

(74) Hundreds decimal counter;

(75) AND matrix of decoding for the communication shift; Memory of the Station address numbers, assigned during installation.

Logic It has the task of managing the entire Control Unit, by means of:

(76) Microcontroller, hereinafter CPU;

(77) Supply circuit for 50Hz synchronism pulses and command code detection; (78) Demultiplex to select and collect the Tone to be sent in transmission;

(79) AND circuit to send the communication tones;

(80) Transmitter;

(81) Induction circuit;

(82) Transducer Interface;

(83) Driver circuit to implement remote controls.

Oscillator It has the task of producing the Clock for the CPU and of generating the communication tones, which in the explanatory and non-limiting example are 4, by means of:

(84) Oscillator circuit synchronized with the Line Sinusoids at 50 Hz;

(85) Divider for Tone "A";

(86) Divider for the "B" tone;

(87) Divider for the Tone "C";

(88) Divider for the "D" tone.

Description The CPU (76) analyzes the data of each Transducer by means of the interface (82), composes and keeps in memory the various messages that it will have to transmit but waits for the AND Matrix (75) to indicate the transmission block corresponding to the received command . In fact, depending on this command, the transmission can and must take place:

1) At the end of the command if the unit has been addressed individually;

2) Based on the turn assigned to the unit as a group sequence, or of the universe, if the command was addressed, respectively, to a specific group or to all the units connected to that Control.

In the instant in which transmission must begin, the CPU activates the Demultiplex (78) to select the Tone to be used, according to the binary value of each pair of Bits of the Byte to be communicated, and enables the AND circuit (79) which will operate the transmitter (80).

The CPU is synchronized with the 50Hz Line Sinusoids by the circuit (77) by means of which it also detects the command code sent by the Control unit and prepares itself for the required actuations. If the sending of remote controls to the outside is required, it will act through the Driver (83).

Claims (12)

CLAIMS * 1. Data transmission system, remote controls, remote readings and the like, particularly suitable for electricity distribution lines, characterized by the fact that it consists of one or more Control units (5), of one more unit Stations in the field (9.N) being the Control unit, FIG.7, essentially made up of the following sections described and exemplified: Counters Address Composed of the electrical circuits as described in numbers (51) to (56); Reception Tones Composed of electrical circuits as described from n. (57) to n. (63); Logic Composed of electrical circuits as described from n. (64) to n. (65); Tone TraembiBsion Composed of the electrical circuits as described in nos. (66) to n. (67); and the Stations units, FIG.8, for detections, remote controls and the like, being essentially made up of the following sections described and exemplified: Counters Address Composed of the electrical circuits as described from n. (71) to n. (75); Logic Composed of the electrical circuits as described from n. (76) to n. (83); Oscillator Consisting of the electrical circuits as described from n. (84) to n. (88). 2. System as per Claim n.1, characterized by the fact that the communication system uses the particular code composed of one or more tones, consisting of non-modulated frequencies, each transmitted for a duration equal to a Sinusoid of the supply current and in synchronism with the same, assigning, to each of the selected tones, a different configuration of a tuple of bits, so as to be able to communicate, by successive steps, any binary configuration of one or more Bytes, as exemplified by FIGS.4,6. 3. System as per Claim n.2, characterized by the fact that to communicate it can also use Tones transmitted each for a duration equal to one half-wave of the supply current. 4. System as per Claims n.2,3, characterized by the fact that to communicate it can also use the absence of Tone as significant, one of the possible binary values of the Bit tuple can be assigned to this absence. 5. System as per Claims n.2,3,4, characterized in that to communicate it can also use one or more Tones transmitted each for a duration equal to multiples of Sinusoids of the supply current, as exemplified by FIG.5. 6. System as per Claims n.2,3,4,5 characterized in that to communicate it can also use Tones transmitted each for a duration equal to a half-wave fraction of the supply current. 7. System as per Claims n.2,3,4,5,6, characterized in that the synchronous communication protocol is capable of eliminating all the separation pauses between the various communication logic blocks, as exemplified by FIGS. 4.5.6. 8. System as per Claims n.2,3,4,576,7, characterized by the fact that all the units of the system can communicate with each other without interfering between different groups using Tones synchronized with the frequency of the same power supply line . 9 System as per Claim n.8, characterized by the fact that all the units making up the system communicate with each other by means of the same electric power supply line also in a bidirectional "Full Duplex" way. 10. System as per Claim n.l, characterized by the fact that, to power the Stations connected to the public lighting network during the hours in which such lighting is off, the System inserts a low voltage subsidiary power supply into the power supply line which ensures sustenance of the Stations without causing the lighting of the lamps. 11. System as one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the system can also use as transmission support lines dedicated only to the transmission of data and commands. 12. System for data transmission, remote sensing, remote controls, remote reading and the like, conceptually as described and illustrated with reference to the text and figures of the attached tables or according to one or more of the preceding claims, as well as any separate part thereof, in combination, reduced or expanded or reproduced with other components than the examples. *