ITRM20090380A1 - METHOD FOR THE REALIZATION OF AN ANTI-SEISMIC BUILDING WITH SUPPORTING STRUCTURE IN FIBRORINFORCED WOOD AND WITH SEISMIC INSULATORS. - Google Patents

Description

METHOD FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN ANTI-SEISMIC BUILDING WITH A SUPPORTING STRUCTURE IN FIBRORINFORCED WOOD AND WITH SEISMIC INSULATORS;

The present invention relates to the building sector, and in particular to an innovative method for the construction of buildings entirely in wood or with wooden load-bearing structures (wood core), even on several floors, characterized by a high resistance to seismic actions. .

Different types of wooden buildings are currently known, which despite being much lighter than the corresponding masonry buildings, have structural limitations at the corners, at the intersections of the walls, in the areas of fixing the walls to the base and to the floors as well as © of the roof to the walls.

In essence, this is realized in the fact that the wooden houses, although made with a material which is in itself very elastic, when subjected to seismic stresses tend to disassemble at the junction nodes between the walls and between the walls and the attics. This condition is common to wooden houses built with frame walls and ceilings covered with industrial production `` wood-based panels '' (plywood, or wood particles or fibers or wood-based in general) and to wooden houses built with â € œmassive panelsâ € made entirely of layers of cross-layered wooden planks.

Wood-based panels can be used very well for the construction of walls and floors of wooden houses. The wood-based panels, when assembled to the wooden frames with suitable adhesives, alternatively also with dense mechanical joining means of small diameter in order not to excessively affect the continuity of the fibers, transmit to the frames the great stiffness of their surface and concur to constitute an important rigidity of the composite structural element (frame plus panels) also in the transversal plane. These benefits can be achieved both during the prefabrication processes of the walls and floors and at the time of their construction directly on site.

When seismic events or other serious events occur, the walls and floors of wooden houses tend to separate from each other, both in the case of connections with cylindrical shank metal joining means and in the case of dry connections made with simple contact between the composite structural elements commonly called â € œ carpentry knotsâ € such as the â € œtenone-mortiseâ € joints, the â € œwallowtailâ € joints and many other types frequently used in traditional wooden constructions.

Even the use of nailed or screwed metal elements (pre-drilled plates or angles and so on) does not ensure absolute resistance to seismic events when the use of insulators is omitted, necessary to prevent the earthquake to the structure or, in any case, to send only a portion of it.

In the case of connections with metal joining means with a cylindrical shank above modest diameters, their known ductility determines the tendency to separate the wooden structural parts of limited thickness, causing the detachment of the walls from each other and the detachment between the walls and the floors and the roof. More specifically, the metal pins (for example screws or other), which are inserted into the wood, interrupting its fibrous continuity, widen the holes in which they are housed causing the cracking of the wooden structural elements. The metal joining means have a limited oligocyclic behavior (they deform plastically only for a few cycles with complete inversion) and trigger the formation of condensation and consequently the rotting of the wood and, if made of iron, they tend to corrode.

Even the â € œfolding knotsâ € can be used in areas at seismic risk as long as their sufficient dissipative capacity is guaranteed without presenting the risk of brittle breakage due to shear or traction orthogonal to the grain, i.e. devices to avoid disconnection are implemented.

In the context of the design and construction of wooden buildings in seismic risk areas, the bonded joints are to be considered in general as non-dissipative, because the elements are made immovable to each other, preventing the deformation of the connection and consequently the dispersion of power. The continuity of the structural stiffness, also achieved in the nodes, determines an excellent overall elasticity of the wooden building and prevents the loosening of the connections, however it is equally necessary to use insulators to significantly reduce the accelerations transmitted by the earthquake to the structure, even on the higher floors.

The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome said problems by providing a method for the construction of wooden buildings with high mechanical resistance to seismic stresses, without having to oversize the structure, even when using carpentry nodes or connection means. metal to facilitate assembly operations. According to the invention, immediately after each operation of basting the walls together and of these with the floors and the roof as described above, reinforcements in structural fabric (glass, carbon or other similar) are applied to them, gluing them with suitable overlapping adhesives at the junctions between the perimeter of the walls and the edges of the floors. In this way, the semi-rigid connection (in the sense of not absolutely rigid) and certainly earthquake resistant connection of the wall and floor elements is obtained, capable of assigning a good level of elasticity to the above-ground structural whole (superstructure), aimed at avoid dissociative behaviors.

Another object of the invention, related to the above, is to provide a method for the construction of wooden buildings which are bound to the ground by means of special â € œseismic isolatorsâ € which, thanks to the reduced weight of these buildings compared to those made in masonry, are particularly effective and resistant and ensure the maintenance of the elastic behavior of the structure.

This has been achieved, according to the present invention, by providing for the construction of wooden buildings that rest on special seismic isolators interposed between a substructure integral with the ground and the base of the building itself, which buildings are equipped with walls and floors bound between them by means of perimeter `` bandages '' with high mechanical resistance that are glued along the sides of the walls to tie them together and to the upper and lower floors, as well as special seismic isolators of two alternative types (`` isolators with retaining ringsâ € the first and â € œglass-rubber isolatorsâ € the second) that make up the seismic isolation system, the lower interface of which is bound to the substructure and the upper one to the superstructure by gluing with suitable adhesives.

In the seismic field, the â € œsubstructureâ € is the part of the structure located below the insulation interface. It includes the foundation and its horizontal deformability is generally negligible. The substructure can be constituted by a reinforced concrete slab integral with the ground, or by bases connected to each other and resting on the ground, even with the addition of foundations. The "superstructure" is the part of the structure located above the insulation interface, and which is therefore isolated.

The floor or the lower plate of the superstructure, regardless of the construction technique, have the requisite of rigidity in the plan and are supported by special elastomeric seismic isolators, which can be inspected and, if necessary, replaceable, therefore placed in correspondence with the perimeter of the building or other easily accessible locations; inside the building they are integrated by other devices indicated here as â € œAuxiliary separatorsâ €, functional only to the sliding block constraint in the horizontal plane, because they are only designed for picking up vertical loads inside the building.

It should be remembered that seismic isolators had a strong impulse to their application only after the Kobe earthquake in 1995, when it was evident that the structures designed with traditional anti-seismic techniques, based on the ductility of the structure in the inelastic field , had undergone serious damage, unlike the excellent behavior of the structures equipped with insulators, because they were suitable for solving the seismic problem at the base, in the strong position of the building with the substructure integral to the ground. The strict motivation of the type of connections is evident, indispensable for the wooden structure to have a good elastic behavior as a whole, since devices can always be available on the basis of the present invention which allow to cancel the transfer of stresses from the foundations to the superstructure.

At present the preferred seismic isolators are the elastomeric ones, made with layers of rubber or artificial materials suitable with high damping compounds, alternating with steel plates not less than 2 mm thick for the internal ones and 20 mm for the external ones . The elastomeric isolators decouple the frequencies of the expected earthquake from the frequencies of the structure in elevation, so that the superstructure is isolated from the earthquake (base isolation).

However, the elastomeric seismic isolators currently on the market require the equipment of large counterplates, precision screws, bolts and anything else useful for their inspection and replacement.

The inventive concept underlying the present invention essentially consists in the innovative application and combination of two construction techniques, inseparable from each other, applied directly on site: the first consists in interposing between the building in wood and its foundation (or its substructure supporting the ground) a plurality of elastomeric seismic isolators of new conception and simple application to be suitably arranged according to the needs; the second consists in making perimeter bandages glued with suitable adhesives along the sides of the walls with a resistant function, in order to create a structural and material continuity between one wall and the other and between each wall and the lower floors and between which it is interposed, including the roof.

A better understanding of the invention will be obtained with the following description and with reference to the attached figures, which illustrate, purely by way of non-limiting example, a preferred embodiment.

In the drawings:

Figures 1A to 1C show the normal method of prefabrication or construction on site of structural wooden walls 1 of the frame type 2 consisting of wooden rods 5 which make up the frame 6 covered on one or both faces with wooden base 8 glued, or nailed or screwed;

Figures 2A and 2B illustrate the normal type of solid wood walls, prefabricated or built on site, consisting of layers of wooden boards 9 crossed and nailed together, or glued on the faces, to obtain the entire solid panel 3.

Figures 3A to 3F show the normal method of prefabrication or construction on site of wooden floors 4 consisting of wooden joists 7 and wood-based panels 8, or joists covered with wooden boards 9;

figure 3G represents a solid wood floor panel consisting of layers of wooden boards 9 with the same methods used for the construction of walls;

figure 3H highlights the possibility of improving the static performance of wooden floors with the addition of a collaborating concrete screed 11 reinforced with electrowelded mesh 12 joined with metal connectors 13 inserted in the wooden beams 7;

Figure 3K shows how the fresh concrete 11, reinforced with electrowelded mesh 12, can be directly fixed (glued) to the thick boards 9 with a suitable adhesive 14.

With reference to figures 4 and 5, it is planned to build the substructure consisting of a reinforced concrete slab 23 with electro-welded mesh and any additional reinforcement, which platform is cast directly on the ground 15, if necessary integrating it with reinforced concrete foundations 22.

After carrying out the general and partial excavations, the natural bottom is compacted and geotextile sheets 16 are laid to separate the ground from the inert material subsequently brought back for the formation of the foundation, the latter shaped and compacted according to the project. An insulating barrier 18 is interposed between the inert material and the reinforced slab to hinder the rising damp, for example polyethylene sheets.

To better insulate the wooden structure from damage caused by humidity, drainage pipes 20 are laid around the base of the building's substructure, flanked with pebbles 21 or similar.

Figure 4 shows a new type of seismic isolator 27 with retaining rings which forms an integral part of the present invention. It is highlighted because it currently meets the legislative guidelines on anti-seismic devices, which are believed to be modified for both wooden buildings and therefore the other new glass-rubber seismic isolator device, which is part of the integral with the present invention, because it is cheaper and easier to apply. The insulators with retaining rings are inspectable and easy to use for wooden buildings and for buildings that are not excessively heavy, because their central part can be easily removed by sliding the retaining rings from the terminal parts, which are glued with appropriate adhesive respectively to the substructure and to the superstructure as better described in the part of the text relating to figure 20.

In the same figure 4 a new type of auxiliary separator 29 is indicated, applicable inside the building, with the terminal interfaces (above and below) in FRP to be glued with appropriate adhesive respectively to the substructure and to the superstructure, to the € ™ occurrence by adding FRP 26 reinforcing panels or gussets.

Figure 5 proposes the most practical solution, because a layer (or more layers) of polystyrene-type insulating panels is laid on top of the substructure, overall of the same thickness as the glass-rubber insulators 28, useful for forming of the support base of the reinforced concrete casting of the superstructure.

It should be noted that, according to the invention, the upper screed above the glass-rubber insulators can also be replaced by a wooden floor, suitably fiber-reinforced as will be described below, without resorting to the insulating layer.

With reference to Figures 6A to 6C, in the example described, each glass-rubber seismic isolator 28 is substantially constituted by an element in natural rubber or suitable artificial materials, for example neoprene, with two parallel flat bases on the such as a layer of fabric or mat in carbon fiber or glass fiber or other is vulcanized, as well as the layers in glass mat pre-impregnated with a suitable adhesive are vulcanized inside the insulator. The glass-rubber seismic isolator is glued with known resins to the continuous structural reinforcement 24 of the substructure 23 and to the concrete surface of the superstructure platform to which the wooden structure of the building under construction is then fixed.

Alternatively, between the lower base of the glass-rubber seismic insulator and the substructure, and between the upper base of the same insulator and the upper screed, it is possible to interpose FRP 26 panels, glued on site to increase the width of the anchoring surfaces. In this case, said upper and lower panels of each seismic isolator are in turn glued - with suitable resins - to the lower substructure and to the upper screed.

Once the seismic isolators described above have been made, insulating panels 38 preferably made of polystyrene or other similar material are positioned between them.

The seismic isolators, which have been glued at the bottom and made integral with the substructure, are then structurally joined together by means of a bidirectional network of FRP 25 strips, which are also glued together and to the seismic isolators with suitable resins of a known type.

A layer of epoxy adhesive 14 is spread over said grid of FRP tapes and then the second screed 40 of reinforced concrete with electrowelded mesh and any additional reinforcement, which is part of the superstructure, is immediately cast.

A grid of FRP 25 fabric strips can also be created at the level of the laying surface of the glass-rubber insulators. In the non-inspectable positions it is possible to apply auxiliary glass-rubber separators 30, consisting of two pieces that slide together, constructed in a manner similar to those adopted for the insulators and therefore easily applicable because they are congenial to the system conceived.

With reference to figures 7A to 7C, the connection between the corner walls 41 and 42 is carried out with bidirectional fiber fabric tapes, applied on site and suitable for retaining the known type of adhesive, avoiding its vain dispersion before polymerization. In particular, between the head of the wall 41 and the lateral end surface of the wall 42 is interposed a strip 43 of biaxial fabric in glass or carbon fibers or other, which is glued with a suitable adhesive (e.g. epoxy resin ). After gluing the ends of the two corner walls 41 and 42, additional strips or bandages 44 and 45 of biaxial fiber fabric are glued on the internal and external areas at the corner between the walls. glass or carbon or other.

According to the invention, in this way the corner ends of the walls are fixed and locked together thanks to the presence of the external and internal strips which give the corner a high mechanical resistance and a structural and material continuity between a wall and the other, so as to be able to elastically resist seismic stresses without the building being dismembered during the earthquake. This is possible thanks to the high resistance characteristics typical of biaxial fabrics in fiberglass or carbon or other that have been used, together with the appropriate resin used to glue and to soak the same strips of biaxial fabric 43, 44 and 45.

A variant of the invention, relating to the joining of the walls in the corner areas, is shown in fig. 7D. In this case, the head of the wall 41 and the corresponding lateral area of the wall 42 are equipped with a preferably V-shaped groove 46 suitable for housing a wooden strip 47, preferably with a rhomboidal section, which is inserted throughout the Height of the walls themselves, thus creating an effective â € œfolding jointâ € which needs to be integrated by the device with fiber ribbons to avoid disconnection. The wooden strip 47 acts as a reciprocal anchoring tooth and is fixed in place by gluing with the same resin used to glue the strips of biaxial fiberglass or carbon fiber or other fabric. Said strips are also arranged in said V-shaped grooves 46 and, if desired, all around the element 47 inserted therein.

It is interesting to observe that this type of joint of the corner walls performs not only a static function of structural resistance, but also a seal against the passage of air and the transmission of noises in the joints between the wooden walls which inevitably there would be in the absence of such strips or bandages of biaxial fabric of fiberglass or carbon or other glued to the wooden walls.

Figures 7F and 7G reproduce the same system, but with a â € œVâ € groove 46 made at the head on wall 41 and with the integral insertion of a triangular strip 48 on the side of wall 42.

Figures 7H to 7J show that the same type of joint is applicable between two consecutive walls 49 and 50 on the same line, as well as for the joint between them, in the same node, of the two previous walls with another wall 51 orthogonal to the former.

Figures 8A to 8C show a second embodiment of the corner area according to the present invention, in which the junction of the corner walls is further reinforced with some connection bandages 52 passing through, which are suitably made by preparing millings pass-throughs 53 in the wall 42 fixed to the head of the wall 41. According to the invention, said grooves 53 are made in correspondence with the lateral surface of the end-fixed wall 42, so that the reinforcing tapes of biaxial glass or carbon fiber fabric or other pass through these grooves and can then be glued internally to the side of the same wall 41, while on the opposite side they are butterfly-shaped to be glued to the external surface of the other wall 42. In this way the joint is made particularly resistant to mechanical stresses and any relative movement between the walls that would tend to disconnect is prevented under the seismic action. The same reinforcement mechanism can be achieved with connectors 54 consisting of bundles of long fibers of glass or carbon or other, held by a fiber sock, turned up after being passed through a hole 55, all impregnated with special adhesives. .

Figures 8D to 8F schematize the resistant mechanism that is established with the application of the passing connection bandages 52 applied for reinforcement, as well as with the application of the passing connectors 55 in bundles of fibers.

With reference to figures 9A to 9D, the inventive concept underlying the present invention, which has been described up to now for the corner walls, is advantageously applicable without variations even at the crossing points of three or four walls.

In fact, to consolidate the intersection area of these walls, it is envisaged to join the continuous or opposite walls with joints that preferably use the already described strip 47 and strip 48 and their housing in the specially prepared V-shaped grooves 46. Here too, a strip of biaxial fabric 43 of fiberglass or carbon fiber or other is glued in the contact area of the walls and subsequently further strips or bandages 44 are applied in the corners and eventually other flat bandages are applied to make the joints a single body with characteristics of high resistance to mechanical stress.

As regards fixing the walls to the floors and / or roofs, reference will be made hereinafter to figures 10A to 10K.

According to the invention, in order to fix a wooden wall to the floor 39, be it concrete or wood, it is envisaged to place on the floor a biaxial tape 43 in fiber fabric, applied on site and suitable for retaining the adhesive type known, avoiding its dispersion before polymerization. The structural wooden wall 1 (wooden core) is directly shown on the strip 43, or a wooden root 67, which supports the wall 61, is shown. of wood, or of solid wood with crossed boards.

In the edge areas of the floor, in addition to gluing a lower strip of biaxial fiberglass or carbon fiber or other fabric to the floor and positioning and gluing the wall on it, it is useful to complete the joint by gluing a strip 44 of biaxial fabric of glass or carbon fiber or other arranged at â € œLâ € on the internal side between the wall and the floor, and an external strip 43 of biaxial fabric of glass or carbon fiber or other on the external side (fig.10B) .

A variant of this configuration, shown in figure 10C, provides for the provision of a series of pins 56 inserted and glued into respective vertical holes made specifically in the floor, which pins are surrounded by narrow strips 57 of fiberglass or carbon fiber fabric. or other, whose external edges are opened like a butterfly and glued to the tapes previously glued to the wall and to the floor itself.

Similarly, it is possible to provide fiber-reinforced joints with biaxial fabric strips of glass or carbon fiber or other glued by interposing between the wall and the floor a wooden root 67 of such length as to involve several panels of the wall, in order to make them structurally cooperating with each other (Figures 10D and 10E).

A variant of this possible application, shown in figures 10F to 10K, concerns the fact that the root and the wall are equipped with suitable `` V '' grooves 46 in which a strip 47 with a preferably rhomboidal section is interposed and glued. mutual anchoring.

In this case, to facilitate the assembly of the parts, it is possible to tack together the various elements with screws and then proceed with the glued application of the fiber tapes.

The same principle also applies for joining walls to non-horizontal slabs, for example the pitches of a roof that are inclined with respect to the vertical wall, as indicated in the upper part of figure 10H.

Evidently, applying the same general concept of the invention described up to now, it is advantageous to further consolidate the building and its load-bearing structure by gluing biaxial fiberglass or carbon fabric tapes also in the junction areas between the panels of the inter-storey walls and floors, as illustrated in the upper part of figure 10A, applying the same joining methods so far described several times.

Figures 11 to 18 are useful to better clarify some possible applications of the invention.

Figure 11 is a schematic section of any wooden house, built with the methods of the present invention, as previously and subsequently illustrated.

Figures 12A and 12B are the section of a carpentry node that concerns the setting of an intermediate floor slab in the two possible solutions for setting the joists 7 worked in dovetail 59, with respect to the general construction system consisting of : wall lower than floor 61, wall above floor 62, wooden frame rods 63, wood-based panels 64, insulation 65, wood-based floor panel 66, lower root 67, upper root 68, batten for the carpentry node 69, thickness interposed between the joists 70, wood-based panel 71 for containing the insulation, support strip 72 for the panel under the insulation, support strip 73 for the plasterboard, plasterboard 74 for the wall and of ceiling, gap 75 for the passage of systems, foundation of floor 76, floor 77, skirting 78, external coat 79 or external wall covering retained on the wooden walls.

Figure 13 represents a hypothesis of the first floor of the wooden superstructure, with perimeter beam 80 in solid or laminated wood supported by an insulator with retaining rings 27 glued, while figure 14 represents the floor of the superstructure built in reinforced concrete on the layer of insulating panels 38.

Figures 15 and 16 show the possibility of making the internal supports that cannot be inspected with ordinary systems and highlight a wooden base rail 84 on which fiber bandages 85 are glued in a cavity position on which a PTFE plate 86 is fixed. Above, in correspondence, a fiber bandage 87 is fixed to the joists, which retains a sheet 88 in stainless steel suitably shaped in a â € œUâ €. Sliding in the interface between the stainless steel sheet and the Teflon is ensured.

In the same figures 15 and 16 it is highlighted how a mat in crossed fibers 87, suitably shaped in the shape of the dovetail head, with the addition of an adequate adhesive, can improve the performance of the carpentry knot, establishing a transversal gripping mechanism of the wood fibers affected by the carving.

Figures 17 and 18 re-propose the systems of the invention, previously illustrated several times and in addition the possibility of applying any covering material externally to the building, retaining it on the walls, such as for example a brick covering 82 or of another type 83, as well as to have detachments between the structural wall and the coatings applied, aimed at the transit of the systems 81.

Figure 19 illustrates that the use of fiber-reinforced fabrics made of glass or carbon or other is extended to the creation of new types of seismic isolators and auxiliary separators functional to wooden buildings made according to the invention and to constructions that are not excessively heavy.

Figures 19A to 19C illustrate the mats of glass 89, of glass pre-impregnated 90 with suitable adhesive or of pre-impregnated glass 91 with suitable adhesive, which are capable of being aggregated and / or inserted during the vulcanization process of natural rubber and any other suitable artificial material 98.

It should be noted that the use of the balanced glass mat makes it possible to have a textile product made of 92 threads and 96 filaments of great resistance and suitably impregnable with special adhesives.

Still in figures 19A to 19C it is shown how the mats have the peculiarity of presenting gaps 97 between weft 94 and warp 95 that can be saturated by natural rubber or other suitable artificial material 98 in the vulcanization phase.

Figure 20 shows a model of insulator 27 equipped with rings (ferrules) 103, immediately practicable, with central monobloc 99 made of natural rubber or synthetic product 98, equipped with peripheral plates in thick steel 100 and internal plates in 101 steel of thin thickness. Instead of resorting to complex systems of plates, counterplates and metal connecting elements, as up to now in use, the invention consists in equipping the insulator with two thick steel counterplates 102, of the same diameter as the monobloc 99, to which A mat 106 in glass fiber with a polymeric matrix is glued to the sandblasted outer face, so that these external surfaces can be glued to the substructure and superstructure of the building. This type of insulator is equipped with rings 103 in steel or other suitable materials, which lock the monobloc 99 of the insulator to the counterplates 102 glued to the substructure and to the superstructure. This type of insulators can always be inspected and when you want to replace them, simply unlock the two retaining rings 103 by unscrewing the screws 104 and sliding them on the monobloc body 99 of the insulator and then extracting the monobloc 99 of the insulator after having done so. to temporarily resume vertical loads in another way.

Figure 21 illustrates a type of auxiliary separator 29 that can be used for non-inspectionable areas, which can be glued to the substructure and to the superstructure and compatible with the type of insulator with rings, illustrated in figure 20.

The sliding contact between the two parts, central to the separator system 108, is ensured by the fact that the lower block of the separator has solidarized at the top a sheet 105 in FTFE (Teflon) 74 equipped with impressions to accommodate the silicone lubricant, while the upper block of the separator ends at the bottom with a glass mat 106, to which the sandblasted surface of a stainless steel sheet 107 is then made to adhere tenaciously, the opposite face of which, in contact with the Teflon of the lower block, is perfectly smooth.

There is nothing to prevent the upper block from being identical to the lower one, as long as the stainless steel plate is free, but with embossed edges to prevent it from escaping from the system.

Figure 22 shows the glass-rubber insulator consisting of a single composite block that can be glued to the substructure and to the superstructure of the building and composed of layers of glass mat 89 or 90 or 91, inserted during the rubber vulcanization process 98. After cooling the rubber and polymerization of the adhesive, the two peripheral layers of glass mat are slightly roughened to expose the outermost filaments 96 and to be able to glue a further mat 106 to each peripheral layer with a special adhesive. useful for gluing to the substructure and to the superstructure. To replace the insulator it is sufficient to surround it with a special heating crown that brings the insulator to the temperature suitable for its removal. After removing the insulator and after thorough cleaning of the substructure and superstructure surfaces, it is possible to glue a new insulator, having previously laid the surfaces with suitable adhesive for simultaneous gluing to the substructure and superstructure.

Figure 23 illustrates a type of auxiliary separator 30 composed of two parts, usable for the non-inspectable areas, glued to the substructure and to the superstructure and compatible with the type of glass-rubber insulator 28 previously illustrated.

The sliding contact between the two parts, central to the separator system 108, is ensured by the fact that the lower block of the separator has solidarized at the top a sheet 105 in FTFE (Teflon) 74 equipped with impressions to accommodate the silicone lubricant, while the upper block of the separator ends at the bottom with a glass mat 106, to which the sandblasted surface of a stainless steel sheet 107 is then made to adhere tenaciously, the opposite face of which, in contact with the Teflon of the lower block, is perfectly smooth.

It is obvious that the system for joining the walls and walls to the flat and inclined floors according to the present invention, in addition to allowing the construction of new buildings, is also useful in the junction or reinforcement of walls and flat and inclined floors in existing buildings.

LIST OF NUMERICAL REFERENCES PRESENT IN THE FIGURES

1: structural wood wall (wood core)

2: wall or wooden frame panel

3: wall or solid panel with crossed wooden boards

4: structural wooden floor (wooden core)

: wooden rods

: wooden frame

: wooden joists

: wood-based panels

: boards or layer of wooden boards

0: floor or solid panel with crossed wooden boards

1: concrete

2: electro-welded mesh

3: metal connector

4: adhesive for structural uses

5: natural terrain

6: geotextile sheet

7: inert substrate

8: insulating barrier (e.g. polyethylene)

9: lean concrete (subfloor)

0: drainage pipe

1: filling of pebbles for drainage

2: reinforced concrete foundation

3: concrete slab

4: continuous structural reinforcement of the surface with glass fabric

5: composite structural reinforcement tapes fixed in place with polymer adhesive (FRP)

6: FRP composite structural reinforcement panels or gussets with polymer matrix applied on site

: glued insulator with retaining rings (inspectable and replaceable)

: glued rubber insulator reinforced with glass mats (inspectable and replaceable), which we call here `` glass-rubber insulator ''

: glued auxiliary separator (inside the building)

: glued auxiliary separator in reinforced rubber with glass mats (inside the building)

: concrete curb

: protective barrier in glass fabric fixed with polymeric adhesive

: FRP structural reinforcement band or bandage with polymer matrix fixed in place

: supports or support rods

: removable sidewalk

: cultivated land reported

: free interspace

: insulating panels

: first concrete slab of the superstructure in wood or concrete in a free space

: reinforced concrete slab of the superstructure cast on the insulating panels: corner wall

: corner wall

: tape, strip or flat bandage of biaxial fabric in fiberglass or carbon or other

: tape, strip or angled bandage of biaxial fabric in fiberglass or carbon or other: strip or angled bandage of biaxial fabric in fiberglass or carbon or other

: â € œVâ € groove

: wooden lath

: triangular wooden strip

: wall in line

: wall in line

: orthogonal wall

: bandages or connection tapes passing through the reinforcement in fiberglass or carbon fiber fabric or other

: milling pass-throughs in the walls

: connectors in bundles of glass or carbon fibers or other held by a fiber sock

: hole

: metal connector

: metal pin

: strips of fiber fabric with polymeric matrix: “dovetail” processing

: screws for basting and for exerting pressure: upper wall

: lower wall

: wooden frame rods

: wood-based wall panels

: insulating

: wood-based panel of the floor

: lower root (on the floor and under the wall): upper root (under the floor and above the wall): strip for the carpentry joint

: thickness interposed between the joists

: wood-based panel to contain the insulation

: support batten for the panel under the insulation: support batten for plasterboard

: wall and ceiling plasterboard

: space for the passage of the plants

: floor subfloor

: floor

: skirting

: external coat or external wall covering

: wooden perimeter beam (solid or glulam): systems

: brick covering

: other type of coating

: wooden base current

: fiber bandages placed at the rider

: PTFE sheets

: fiber bandage with adhesive

: U-shaped sheet in stainless steel: balanced mat in glass fibers

: balanced matting in glass fibers primed with a special adhesive

: balanced mat in glass fibers pre-impregnated with suitable adhesive

: mat threads

: biaxial fabric

: plot

: warp

: filaments of the threads

: empty

: natural rubber or any other suitable artificial material

: central block insulator

0: thick plates

1: thin plates

2: against steel plates

3: retaining rings (ferrules)

4: screws

5: PTFE (Teflon) sheet equipped with an impression to collect the silicone lubricant

: glass fiber mat with polymer matrix: stainless steel sheet

: lower block of the auxiliary separator: upper block of the auxiliary separator

Claims (32)

CLAIMS 1. Method for the construction of an anti-seismic building with a fiber-reinforced wooden load-bearing structure and with seismic isolators characterized by the fact that it involves the construction of wooden buildings that rest on special seismic isolators interposed between a substructure integral to the ground and the base of the building itself, which buildings are equipped with walls and floors bound together by means of perimeter `` bandages '' with high mechanical resistance that are glued along the sides of the walls to bind them to each other and to the upper and lower floors of the same, in which said insulators seismic are structurally joined together and constrained under the base of the building. 2. Method according to the previous claim, characterized by the fact that it involves the innovative application and combination of two construction techniques applied directly on site: the first technique consists in interposing between the wooden building and its foundation (or its ground support substructure) a plurality of inspectable and replaceable elastomeric seismic isolators suitably arranged according to needs and integrated with auxiliary elastomeric separators in the non-inspectable areas; the second technique consists in making perimeter bandages along the sides of all the walls glued with suitable resins, in order to create a structural and material continuity between one wall and the other and between each wall and the lower floors and between which it is interposed, including the roof. 3. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized by the fact that it provides for the construction of the substructure consisting of a platform (23) in reinforced concrete with an electro-welded mesh and any additional reinforcement, which platform is cast directly on the ground, after shaking the cultivated soil, compaction of the bottom, laying of the geotextile sheet and subsequent addition of cottons or other inert material covered with an insulating sheet to hinder the rising damp. 4. Method according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that seismic isolators (28) are positioned and fixed on the sub-base substructure in the areas that can be inspected and auxiliary separators (29) in the inaccessible positions, consisting substantially of elastomeric supports having the same or different width between them and are positioned at a regular or irregular distance from each other. 5. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized by the fact that each seismic isolator (28) is substantially constituted by an element in natural rubber or in any other technically equivalent artificial material, with two parallel flat bases on which a layer of carbon fiber or glass fiber fabric or mat and which contains within it other layers of carbon fiber or glass fiber fabric or mat which are joined together during the vulcanization process. 6. Method according to claims 4 and 5 characterized by the fact that each auxiliary separator (29) is made up of two pieces substantially constructed with the same modalities of the elastomeric insulators, in order to be able to glue on one face of both a PTFE (Teflon) plate which interpose a stainless steel sheet with raised edges to facilitate sliding and at the same time make it impossible to escape from the system. 7. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized by the fact that the layer of vulcanized fabric or mat on each base of the seismic isolator and of the auxiliary separator is made compatible in order to be able to glue to it other layers of fabric or mats with known type resins. carbon fiber or glass fiber and, in this condition, the insulator and / or separator can be easily glued to the concrete surface of the substructure and to the concrete surface of a second platform or upper screed on which it will be placed and fixed the wooden structure of the building under construction. 8. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that between the lower base of the seismic isolator and the substructure, between the lower base of the auxiliary separator and the substructure, between the upper base of the same insulator and the upper screed and between the the upper base of the auxiliary separator and the upper screed are interposed with a glass or carbon fiber panel or other glued on site, to increase the width of the anchoring surfaces; and that said upper and lower panels of each seismic isolator and each auxiliary separator are in turn glued - with suitable resins - to the lower substructure and to the upper screed. 9. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the layer of vulcanized fabric or mat on each base of the seismic isolator or of the auxiliary separator is glued with known resins to the concrete surface of the substructure and to the surface respectively of a suitably fiber-reinforced wooden floor. 10. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that after the seismic isolators and auxiliary separators have been glued and made integral with the substructure, insulating panels preferably made of polystyrene or other similar material and then said seismic isolators are positioned between them they are structurally joined together by means of a bidirectional network of carbon or glass fiber fabric tapes or other with polymeric matrix, glued together and to the seismic isolators and auxiliary separators with suitable resins of known type. 11. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the bidirectional network of carbon fiber or glass fiber or other fabric tapes with polymeric matrix is also made on the plate of the substructure, before the installation of the insulators and insulating panels . 12. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a layer of epoxy adhesive is spread over said network of fiberglass or carbon fiber fabric tapes with polymeric matrix, and then immediately the second concrete screed reinforced with mesh is poured. electro-welded and possible additional reinforcement, which is part of the superstructure. 13. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the connection between the corner walls (41, 42) is made by gluing with suitable resins of known type; between the head of the wall (41) and the lateral end surface of the wall (42) a strip (43) of biaxial fabric in carbon or glass fibers or other is interposed, which is glued with suitable resin. 14. Method according to the previous claim, characterized by the fact that after gluing the ends of the two corner walls (41 and 42), the internal and external areas in correspondence of the corner between the walls are glue further strips or bandages (44 and 45) of biaxial fabric in fiberglass or carbon or other. 15. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the head of the wall (41) and the corresponding lateral area of the wall (42) are equipped with a V-shaped groove (46) suitable for housing a strip (47) made of wood, preferably with a rhomboidal section, which is inserted along the entire height of the walls themselves. 16. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said wooden element (47) acts as a reciprocal anchoring tooth and is fixed in place by gluing with the same resin used to glue the strips of biaxial glass fiber fabric or carbon; the strips are also arranged in said “V” shaped grooves (46) and therefore close to the element (47) inserted therein. 17. Method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized by the fact that the biaxial fabric strips glued in the joining areas perform not only a static function of structural resistance, but also a seal against the passage of air and the transmission of noise in the joints between the wooden walls that would inevitably occur in the absence of such strips or bandages of biaxial fiberglass or carbon fiber or other fabric glued to the wooden walls. 18. Method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized by the fact that it provides for further reinforcing the joint of the corner walls with some bandages or connection tapes (52) passing through the reinforcement, which are suitably made by providing through millings ( 53) in the wall (42) fixed to the head of the wall (41). 19. Method according to the previous claim, characterized in that said millings (53) are made in correspondence with the lateral surface of the end-fixed wall (41), so that the biaxial fabric strips of fiberglass or carbon or other they are inserted in them and can be glued internally to the side of the same wall (41), while externally they are opened like a butterfly to be glued on the external surface of the other wall (42). 20. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized by the fact that said reinforcing bandages or tapes (52) are also glued on the tapes (44 and 45) placed inside and outside the corner, making everything particularly resistant to mechanical stress and preventing any relative movement between the walls that could tend to separate them under seismic action. 21. Method according to claims 18 to 20, characterized by the fact that the same reinforcement mechanism can be achieved with connectors (54) consisting of bundles of long fibers of glass or carbon or other, held by a fiber sock , turned up after being passed through a hole (55), all impregnated with suitable adhesives. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the heads of the walls (41 and 424) have V-shaped grooves (46) in which a reinforcing strip (47) is placed and glued. 23. Method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the same criteria expressed for corner connections are adopted to consolidate the intersection area of three or four walls. 24. Method according to claim 12 or 13 or 23, characterized by the fact that in order to fix a wooden wall to the floor, be it concrete or wood, it is foreseen to glue the lower surface of the wall on the floor, interposing between it and the floor itself a tape in biaxial fabric of glass or carbon fiber or other type that is glued with suitable resin; said floor being horizontal or inclined, such as the pitches of a roof. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that in the edge areas of the floor, it is envisaged to glue a lower strip of biaxial fabric of glass or carbon fiber or other material to the floor, to position and glue the wall on it, and complete the fastening of the joint area by gluing a strip (44) of biaxial fiberglass or carbon fiber or other fabric arranged at a â € œLâ € on the internal side between the wall and the floor, and a strip (43) of biaxial fabric of fiberglass or carbon fiber or other on the outside. 26. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it provides for the provision of a series of pins (56) inserted and glued into respective vertical holes specially made in the floor, which pins are surrounded by narrow strips (57) of biaxial fabric fiberglass or carbon fiber or other, whose external flaps are opened like a butterfly to be made integral with the tapes glued to the wall and to the floor itself. 27. Method according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that it provides for the creation of fiber-reinforced wall / floor joints with biaxial fiberglass or carbon fiber or other fabric tapes glued by interposing a root (67) between the wall and the floor. wood of such length as to involve several panels of the wall, in order to make them structurally cooperative with each other. 28. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized by the fact that the root (67) and the wall are equipped with suitable `` V '' shaped grooves (46) in which a strip (47) with a preferably rhomboidal section is interposed and glued mutual anchoring. 29. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that to facilitate the assembly of the parts, the use of screws is foreseen to baste the connection between the elements and to exert pressure on the wooden elements. 30. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it provides for the further consolidation of the building and its load-bearing structure by gluing biaxial fiberglass or carbon fiber strips also in the junction areas between the wall panels and attics. 31. Method according to the preceding claims from 4 to 12, characterized by the fact that, as an alternative to the seismic isolators and the auxiliary rubber glass separators, inspectable and replaceable seismic isolators of new design are used, the central part of which is constituted by a monobloc in rubber and steel plates, blocked by two steel rings (ferrules) and plates glued to the substructure and superstructure and easily removable by moving the two steel rings towards the central part of the insulator. 32. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it provides for the further consolidation of the existing building and its load-bearing structure, by gluing biaxial fiberglass or carbon fiber strips or other fabric also in the junction areas between the panels of the walls and flat and inclined floors.