ITRE20100087A1 - PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING CERAMIC SLABS - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING CERAMIC SLABS Download PDFInfo
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- ITRE20100087A1 ITRE20100087A1 IT000087A ITRE20100087A ITRE20100087A1 IT RE20100087 A1 ITRE20100087 A1 IT RE20100087A1 IT 000087 A IT000087 A IT 000087A IT RE20100087 A ITRE20100087 A IT RE20100087A IT RE20100087 A1 ITRE20100087 A1 IT RE20100087A1
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052572 stoneware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000004031 devitrification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004836 empirical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;lithium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005337 ground glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052642 spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/32—Burning methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/32—Burning methods
- C04B33/326—Burning methods under pressure
Description
DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION
“PROCEDIMENTO PER FABBRICARE LASTRE CERAMICHE†⠀ œPROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING CERAMIC SLABSâ €
La presente invenzione inerisce alla fabbricazione di lastre ceramiche molto sottili e di grandi dimensioni, in gres porcellanato. The present invention relates to the manufacture of very thin and large ceramic slabs in porcelain stoneware.
Il gres porcellanato à ̈ un materiale ceramico formato approssimativamente da una matrice vetrosa nella quale sono immersi cristalli residui o di neoformazione. Porcelain stoneware is a ceramic material formed approximately by a vitreous matrix in which residual or newly formed crystals are immersed.
I cristalli residui provengono dal quarzo, quelli di neoformazione provengono dalla trasformazione dei minerali argillosi. The residual crystals come from quartz, the newly formed ones come from the transformation of clay minerals.
Il vetro, invece, Ã ̈ originato dalla fusione dei minerali feldspatici e nel gres porcellanato esercita la funzione di legante. Glass, on the other hand, is originated from the fusion of feldspar minerals and in porcelain stoneware it acts as a binder.
Il gres porcellanato à ̈ ottenuto per pressatura a secco (umidità 4-6%) di polveri finemente macinate aventi la seguente composizione: Porcelain stoneware is obtained by dry pressing (4-6% humidity) of finely ground powders having the following composition:
a) Parte fondente, 40-50%, formata da feldspati sodici e potassici che, a partire da temperature intorno ai 1150-1200°C fondono trasformandosi in un vetro; i feldspati possono essere parzialmente sostituiti da fritte (fino al b) Parte inerte; 15-25 %, formata da sabbie quarzose che fornisce uno scheletro solido. a) Melting part, 40-50%, formed by sodium and potassium feldspars which, starting from temperatures around 1150-1200 ° C, melt and transform into glass; feldspars can be partially replaced by frits (up to b) Inert part; 15-25%, formed by quartz sands which provides a solid skeleton.
c) Parte plastica, 30-40%, formata da argille e caolini che permettono la formatura e forniscono resistenza meccanica prima della cottura. c) Plastic part, 30-40%, formed by clays and kaolins that allow forming and provide mechanical strength before firing.
d) Parte accessoria, che può essere formata da quantità ridotte (< 5%) di dolomite, talco, spodumene o vetro, che ha la funzione di modificare la fusibilità . d) Accessory part, which can be formed by small quantities (<5%) of dolomite, talc, spodumene or glass, which has the function of modifying the fusibility.
Il materiale pressato, ad esempio per ottenere lastre o piastrelle ceramiche, viene sottoposto a trattamento termico di cottura, che à ̈ finalizzato a favorire la sinterizzazione dell’impasto, ove per sinterizzazione si intende un processo di densificazione con rimozione della porosità interstiziale e sviluppo di forti legami tra particelle adiacenti. The pressed material, for example to obtain ceramic slabs or tiles, is subjected to a firing heat treatment, which is aimed at favoring the sintering of the mixture, where sintering means a densification process with removal of interstitial porosity and development of strong bonds between adjacent particles.
La cottura del materiale avviene con le seguenti modalità : Essa ha inizio con una fase di preriscaldo con riscaldamento rapido e progressivo fino alla temperatura di cottura, con breve permanenza alla temperatura intermedia di circa 850°C. Ad essa fa seguito la cottura vera e propria che avviene alla temperatura di circa 1200°C costante per circa 5-10 minuti. A questa temperatura la parte fondente produce una fase vetrosa vischiosa che, per mezzo della propria tensione superficiale, determina il ritiro e chiude la porosità . The cooking of the material takes place in the following ways: It begins with a preheating phase with rapid and progressive heating up to the cooking temperature, with a short stay at the intermediate temperature of about 850 ° C. This is followed by the actual cooking which takes place at a constant temperature of about 1200 ° C for about 5-10 minutes. At this temperature the melting part produces a viscous glass phase which, by means of its own surface tension, determines the shrinkage and closes the porosity.
Alla cottura fa seguito una fase di raffreddamento rapido fino a 600°C. a sua volta seguita da una fase di raffreddamento lento fino a temperatura ambiente. The cooking is followed by a rapid cooling phase up to 600 ° C. in turn followed by a slow cooling phase down to room temperature.
Il tempo di preriscaldo à ̈ tipicamente compreso tra 20 e 30 minuti, il raffreddamento rapido avviene in un tempo di 2 a 5 minuti. The preheating time is typically between 20 and 30 minutes, the rapid cooling takes place in a time of 2 to 5 minutes.
La produzione di gres porcellanato si à ̈ recentemente rivolta verso grandi formati con basso spessore (sino a 3.000 mm di lato massimo e con spessore inferiore ai 6 mm); questa tendenza sta tuttavia incontrando un limite nelle caratteristiche meccaniche del porcellanato stesso; lastre con spessori molto ridotti infatti sono piuttosto fragili e poco resistenti all’urto. The production of porcelain stoneware has recently turned to large sizes with low thickness (up to 3,000 mm of maximum side and with a thickness of less than 6 mm); however, this trend is encountering a limit in the mechanical characteristics of the porcelain itself; sheets with very reduced thickness are in fact quite fragile and not very resistant to impact.
Dette lastre si rompono se soggette alla azione di una sfera di acciaio avente un un peso di 500 g. lasciata cadere da una altezza H di circa 90 mm. Said plates break if subjected to the action of a steel ball having a weight of 500 g. dropped from a height H of about 90 mm.
La suddetta prova empirica dà un indice della tenacità , o fragilità della lastra, espresso da un numero T pari alla altezza di caduta in mm. della sfera alla quale si manifestano i primi segni di rottura. The aforementioned empirical test gives an index of the toughness, or fragility of the slab, expressed by a number T equal to the drop height in mm. of the sphere to which the first signs of rupture appear.
Per ovviare a questo problema le lastre vengono sottoposte ad un complesso processo di retinatura che prevede l’applicazione, mediante resina, di una rete in fibra di vetro. To overcome this problem, the sheets are subjected to a complex screening process which involves the application, by means of resin, of a fiberglass mesh.
Questo processo, oltre che oneroso economicamente, presenta l’inconveniente che il materiale in fase di smaltimento non può più essere considerato inerte. This process, besides being costly economically, has the drawback that the material being disposed of can no longer be considered inert.
Lo scopo della presente invenzione à ̈ di superare i suddetti inconvenienti nell’ambito di una soluzione semplice ed economica. The object of the present invention is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks in the context of a simple and economical solution.
Detto scopo viene conseguito da un processo che possiede le caratteristiche recitate nella rivendicazione indipendente. Le rivendicazioni dipendenti elencano ulteriori caratteristiche atte a migliorare il risultato del processo. Il processo secondo l’invenzione prevede l’impiego di un nuovo impasto che, sottoposto ad un particolare trattamento termico di cottura, permette di ottenere un materiale di ridotta fragilità , e quindi adatto alla produzione di grandi formati con spessore ridotto. Said object is achieved by a process which possesses the characteristics recited in the independent claim. The dependent claims list further features to improve the outcome of the process. The process according to the invention foresees the use of a new dough which, subjected to a particular baking heat treatment, allows to obtain a material of reduced brittleness, and therefore suitable for the production of large sizes with reduced thickness.
Tale impasto, dopo formatura e trattamento di cottura, presenta un reticolo tridimensionale cristallino che ha origine dalla devetrificazione di polveri di vetro sinterizzate. This mixture, after forming and firing treatment, has a three-dimensional crystalline lattice that originates from the devitrification of sintered glass powders.
Tale reticolo svolge la stessa funzione legante che nel gres Porcellanato tradizionale à ̈ svolta dalla matrice vetrosa. L’impasto, secondo l’invenzione, si ottiene partendo da polveri finemente macinate, atomizzate e pressate a circa 400 kg/cm<2>, aventi la seguente composizione: This lattice performs the same binding function that the glass matrix performs in traditional porcelain stoneware. The mixture, according to the invention, is obtained starting from finely ground, atomized and pressed powders at about 400 kg / cm <2>, having the following composition:
a) 70-80 % di vetri refrattari con forte tendenza alla devetrificazione (parte vetrosa, o fritta). a) 70-80% of refractory glass with a strong tendency to devitrification (vitreous or fried part).
b) 20-30% formata da argille e/o caolini (parte plastica), il tutto in assenza di sabbie quarzose, feldspati, e altri fondenti tradizionali. b) 20-30% made up of clays and / or kaolins (plastic part), all in the absence of quartz sands, feldspar and other traditional fluxes.
Il trattamento termico secondo l’invenzione avviene con le seguenti modalità ,e favorisce la sinterizzazione della polvere e la sua successiva devetrificazione. The heat treatment according to the invention takes place in the following ways, and favors the sintering of the powder and its subsequent devitrification.
Esso ha inizio con una fase di preriscaldo con riscaldamento rapido fino alla temperatura di 600-800°C. It begins with a preheating phase with rapid heating up to a temperature of 600-800 ° C.
Al preriscaldo va seguito una fase di sinterizzazione con riscaldamento fino a 800-900° C; durante la quale avviene il ritiro. The pre-heating is followed by a sintering phase with heating up to 800-900 ° C; during which the withdrawal takes place.
Segue una fase di devetrificazione a temperatura costante di 800-900°C per 10-20 min; durante la quale avviene la cristallizzazione del vetro con nucleazione e accrescimento di fasi cristalline. A devitrification phase follows at a constant temperature of 800-900 ° C for 10-20 min; during which the crystallization of the glass takes place with nucleation and growth of crystalline phases.
Alla fase di devetrificazione fa seguito una Fase di maturazione, con riscaldamento rapido fino a temperature di 1100-1200°C e permanenza per 2-5 minuti; per ridurre la porosità residua. The devitrification phase is followed by a maturation phase, with rapid heating up to temperatures of 1100-1200 ° C and permanence for 2-5 minutes; to reduce residual porosity.
Al termine della suddetta fase di devetrificazione fa seguito una Fase di raffreddamento fino a temperatura ambiente. At the end of the aforementioned devitrification phase, a cooling phase up to room temperature follows.
Si à ̈ sorprendentemente notato che aumentando la presenza della fritta nel materiale costituente la polvere ceramica, e modificando il ciclo di cottura si ottiene un prodotto avente una tenacità , che misurata con il metodo empirico su accennato, e comparativamente più alta, sino a oltre il doppio della tenacità del materiale noto. It has been surprisingly noticed that by increasing the presence of the frit in the material constituting the ceramic powder, and by modifying the firing cycle, a product is obtained having a toughness, which measured with the empirical method mentioned above, is comparatively higher, up to beyond double the toughness of the known material.
E’ noto che nella ceramica tradizionale, la presenza della fritta nella polvere ceramica It is known that in traditional ceramics, the presence of the frit in the ceramic powder
incrementa grandemente la fusibilità e la deformabilità in cottura del manufatto ceramico. it greatly increases the fusibility and deformability of the ceramic product during firing.
Questa à ̈ la ragione per cui la quantità di materiale vetroso nella polvere destinata a formare oggetti di gres porcellanato à ̈ mantenuta, nella tecnica nota, sempre molto bassa e comunque mai superiore al 30%. This is the reason why the quantity of vitreous material in the powder destined to form porcelain stoneware objects is always kept very low in the known art and in any case never higher than 30%.
Tuttavia si à ̈ constatato che una polvere ceramica destinata alla formatura delle lastre per compressione à ̈ lavorabile coi normali mezzi di pressatura e cottura, se comprende, secondo l’invenzione, una percentuale di fritta o vetro macinato sino all’ 80% e se il restante materiale, ancora secondo l’invenzione, à ̈ costituito da argille in assenza di sabbie quarzose, feldspati, e altri fondenti tradizionali. La polvere ceramica con la suddetta composizione, mantenuta ad un grado di umidità di circa il 4-6%, viene pressata alla<2>pressione di 400 Kg/cm per formare una lastra piana da pavimentazione o rivestimento avente uno spessore compreso tra 2 mm e 5 mm. However, it has been found that a ceramic powder intended for forming slabs by compression is workable with normal means of pressing and cooking, if it includes, according to the invention, a percentage of frit or ground glass up to 80% and if the remaining material, still according to the invention, is made up of clays in the absence of quartz sands, feldspar, and other traditional fluxes. The ceramic powder with the aforementioned composition, maintained at a degree of humidity of about 4-6%, is pressed at a pressure of 400 Kg / cm to form a flat slab for flooring or cladding having a thickness of between 2 mm and 5 mm.
La lastra così formata viene assoggettata a cottura in un forno tradizionale, rispettando la curva di cottura sopra specificata. The slab thus formed is subjected to firing in a traditional oven, respecting the firing curve specified above.
La lastra così ottenuta presenta una durezza e caratteristiche superficiali e di ingelività dello stesso ordine di grandezza delle lastre di gres porcellanato, ma ha una resistenza agli urti comparativamente molto maggiore. Una lastra ottenuta col metodo tradizionale presenta una tenacità , misurata col metodo empirico sopra riportato, espressa da un numero T=90, mentre una lastra costruita secondo l’invenzione ha una tenacità espressa da un numero T= 190. The slab thus obtained has a hardness and surface and frost resistance characteristics of the same order of magnitude as the porcelain stoneware slabs, but has a comparatively much higher impact resistance. A sheet obtained with the traditional method has a toughness, measured with the empirical method reported above, expressed by a number T = 90, while a sheet built according to the invention has a toughness expressed by a number T = 190.
In altre parole mentre nella prima lastra tradizionale i primi segni di rottura si manifestano lasciando cadere la sfera da un’altezza di circa 90 mm, con la lastra dell’invenzione i primi segni di rottura si manifestano lasciando cadere la sfera da una altezza di circa 190 mm. ESEMPIO 1 In other words, while in the first traditional plate the first signs of breakage occur by dropping the sphere from a height of about 90 mm, with the plate of the invention the first signs of breakage occur by letting the sphere fall from a height about 190 mm. EXAMPLE 1
Mediante l’impiego di un usuale atomizzatore à ̈ stata preparata una polvere ceramica avente una umidità di circa il 5%, e la seguente composizione: A ceramic powder with a humidity of about 5% was prepared by using a usual atomizer, and the following composition:
fritta 80% in peso frit 80% by weight
argilla 20% in peso clay 20% by weight
La polvere ceramica così composta à ̈ stata assoggettata alla pressione di 400 Kg/cm<2>in un impianto noto, ottenendone una lastra ceramica avente uno spessore di 4 mm. ed un lato di 900 mm. The ceramic powder thus composed was subjected to a pressure of 400 Kg / cm <2> in a known plant, obtaining a ceramic slab having a thickness of 4 mm. and a side of 900 mm.
La lastra così ottenuta, à ̈ stata inviata in un forno noto nel settore, dove à ̈ stata assoggettata al seguente ciclo termico: The slab thus obtained was sent to an oven known in the sector, where it was subjected to the following thermal cycle:
• la temperatura della lastra à ̈ stata portata a 800 °C in un tempo di 15 min.; â € ¢ the sheet temperature was brought to 800 ° C in a time of 15 min .;
• la temperatura della lastra à ̈ stata mantenuta alla suddetta temperatura per un tempo di 20 min.; â € ¢ the temperature of the sheet was kept at the aforementioned temperature for a time of 20 min .;
• la temperatura della lastra à ̈ stata quindi portata alla temperatura di 1.200 °C in un tempo di 7 min.; â € ¢ the temperature of the sheet was then brought to a temperature of 1,200 ° C in a time of 7 min .;
• la temperatura della lastra à ̈ stata mantenuta alla suddetta temperatura per un tempo di 3 min.; e quindi • la lastra à ̈ stata raffreddata sotto i 100 °C in un tempo di 20 min. â € ¢ the temperature of the sheet was kept at the aforementioned temperature for a time of 3 min .; and then â € ¢ the plate was cooled below 100 ° C in a time of 20 min.
La Fig.1 mostra la curva di cottura della lastra. Fig. 1 shows the firing curve of the slab.
La lastra così ottenuta à ̈ stata assoggettata alla prova empirica di tenacità sopra menzionata ed ha manifestato i primi segni di rottura a partire da una altezza di caduta della sfera pari a 19 mm. The slab thus obtained was subjected to the empirical test of toughness mentioned above and showed the first signs of breakage starting from a drop height of the sphere equal to 19 mm.
La lastra presenta un coefficiente di assorbimento dell’acqua dell’ordine del 0,04%, il che ne garantisce ottime caratteristiche ingelive. The sheet has a water absorption coefficient of the order of 0.04%, which guarantees excellent frost-proof characteristics.
ESEMPIO 2 EXAMPLE 2
Mediante l’impiego di un usuale atomizzatore à ̈ stata preparata una polvere ceramica avente una umidità di circa il 7%, e la seguente composizione: A ceramic powder with a humidity of about 7% was prepared by using a usual atomizer, and the following composition:
fritta 80% in peso frit 80% by weight
Argilla 20 % in peso Clay 20% by weight
Bentonite 2% in peso Bentonite 2% by weight
La polvere ceramica così composta à ̈ stata assoggettata alla pressione di 400 Kg/cm<2>in un impianto noto, ottenendone una lastra ceramica avente uno spessore di 4 mm. The ceramic powder thus composed was subjected to a pressure of 400 Kg / cm <2> in a known plant, obtaining a ceramic slab having a thickness of 4 mm.
La lastra così ottenuta, à ̈ stata inviata in un forno dove à ̈ stata assoggettata al seguente ciclo termico: The slab thus obtained was sent to an oven where it was subjected to the following thermal cycle:
• la temperatura della lastra à ̈ stata portata a 900 °C in un tempi di 20 min.; â € ¢ the sheet temperature was raised to 900 ° C in a time of 20 min .;
• la temperatura della lastra à ̈ stata mantenuta alla suddetta temperatura per un tempo di 15 min.; â € ¢ the temperature of the sheet was kept at the aforementioned temperature for a time of 15 min .;
• la temperatura della lastra à ̈ stata quindi portata alla temperatura di 1.200 °C in un tempo di 10 min.; â € ¢ the sheet temperature was then brought to a temperature of 1,200 ° C in a time of 10 min .;
• la temperatura della lastra à ̈ stata mantenuta alla suddetta temperatura per un tempo di 2 min.; e quindi • la lastra à ̈ stata raffreddata sotto i 100°C in un tempo di 30 min. â € ¢ the temperature of the sheet was maintained at the aforementioned temperature for a time of 2 min .; and then â € ¢ the plate was cooled below 100 ° C in a time of 30 min.
La lastra così ottenuta à ̈ stata assoggettata alla prova empirica di tenacità sopra menzionata ed ha manifestato i primi segni di rottura a partire da una altezza di caduta della sfera pari a 20 mm. The plate thus obtained was subjected to the empirical test of toughness mentioned above and showed the first signs of breakage starting from a drop height of the sphere equal to 20 mm.
La Fig.2 mostra la curva di cottura della lastra. Fig. 2 shows the firing curve of the slab.
La lastra presenta un coefficiente di assorbimento dell’acqua dell’ordine del 0,05%, il che ne garantisce ottime caratteristiche ingelive. The sheet has a water absorption coefficient of the order of 0.05%, which guarantees excellent frost-proof characteristics.
Si intende che l’invenzione non à ̈ limitata agli esempi sopra descritti e che varianti e perfezionamenti possono esservi apportati senza uscire dall’ambito delle seguenti rivendicazioni. It is understood that the invention is not limited to the examples described above and that variations and improvements can be made without departing from the scope of the following claims.
Claims (6)
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| ITRE2010A000087A IT1402129B1 (en) | 2010-10-18 | 2010-10-18 | PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING CERAMIC SLABS |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT201800020920A1 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-21 | Luca Toncelli | Method for the production of slab products starting from a base mixture, glass frit for the realization of the base mixture and slab product thus obtained |
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| GB973077A (en) * | 1960-12-08 | 1964-10-21 | Mycalex Corp Of America | Improvements in the manufacture of ceramoplastic materials |
| US4828489A (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1989-05-09 | Francesco Albonetti | High speed firing method and kiln, in particular for ceramic materials such as tiles and the like |
| US4888143A (en) * | 1985-11-29 | 1989-12-19 | Poppi S.P.A. | Fast tempo firing process for ceramic materials such as tiles |
| EP0507945A1 (en) * | 1989-10-30 | 1992-10-14 | DOLGOPOLOV, Vladimir Nikolaevich | Method for production of construction articles; technological line; method and device for burning; mixture; construction article |
| EP0863115A2 (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 1998-09-09 | SACMI COOPERATIVA MECCANICI IMOLA S.c.r.l. | Process and plant for firing ceramic products containing interlamellar water |
| KR20030042595A (en) * | 2001-11-23 | 2003-06-02 | 동서산업주식회사 | Humidity controlling healthy tile and process for the preparation thereof |
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2010
- 2010-10-18 IT ITRE2010A000087A patent/IT1402129B1/en active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB973077A (en) * | 1960-12-08 | 1964-10-21 | Mycalex Corp Of America | Improvements in the manufacture of ceramoplastic materials |
| US4888143A (en) * | 1985-11-29 | 1989-12-19 | Poppi S.P.A. | Fast tempo firing process for ceramic materials such as tiles |
| US4828489A (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1989-05-09 | Francesco Albonetti | High speed firing method and kiln, in particular for ceramic materials such as tiles and the like |
| EP0507945A1 (en) * | 1989-10-30 | 1992-10-14 | DOLGOPOLOV, Vladimir Nikolaevich | Method for production of construction articles; technological line; method and device for burning; mixture; construction article |
| EP0863115A2 (en) * | 1997-03-07 | 1998-09-09 | SACMI COOPERATIVA MECCANICI IMOLA S.c.r.l. | Process and plant for firing ceramic products containing interlamellar water |
| KR20030042595A (en) * | 2001-11-23 | 2003-06-02 | 동서산업주식회사 | Humidity controlling healthy tile and process for the preparation thereof |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT201800020920A1 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-21 | Luca Toncelli | Method for the production of slab products starting from a base mixture, glass frit for the realization of the base mixture and slab product thus obtained |
| WO2020128885A1 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-25 | Luca Toncelli | Method for manufacturing slab articles from a base mix, glass frit for manufacturing the base mix and slab articles so obtained |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1402129B1 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
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