ITNA20120070A1 - TRADITIONAL WOODEN OVEN WITH PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) - Google Patents

Description

2) DESCRIPTION of the industrial invention having as title:

TRADITIONAL WOOD-BURNING OVEN WITH PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC)

The invention aims to overturn the traditional use of a work tool, the wood-burning oven, so that it can become an industrial machine equipped with electronic intelligence and capable of self-regulating through a Programmable Logic Controller (1 TABLE 5 figure 10), later also PLC and that thanks to the sensors of pressure, temperature and quality of the fumes (SP, ST TABLE 5 figure 11) and to a digital scale (BD TABLE 5 figure 11) which serves to update the PLC about the combustion check before introducing the fuel (wood) according to the data transmitted by the aforementioned sensors (SP, ST, SQ TABLE 5 figure 11).

STATE OF THE ART

Technological innovation implies a turning point in the use of the traditional wood-burning oven, this is because it is not equipped with sensors that allow you to monitor parameters such as temperature and pressure in the combustion chamber simultaneously; due to the fact that it will always be open in the working process, it will ensure, thanks to said sensors, a constant depression near the door, so as not to allow the combustion products to escape. The innovation distorts both traditional wood-fired ovens and those with improved combustion equipped with analogue or manual process control, the limit of which is not to upset the normal operation of an oven since they have, in any case: the evacuation of natural fumes, the door that opens manually, the wood does not undergo a control process before being introduced into the combustion chamber and sensors on the quality of the outgoing fumes.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION of the invention

The purposes of the invention are as follows:

1. reach ideal combustion conditions;

2. reduction of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere;

3. improvement of health conditions in the workplace;

4. reduce the fire risk inside the room;

5. exploitation of thermal energy available from unused sources;

6. reduce consumption.

By virtue of the rules of ideal combustion, a stoichiometric quantity of primary combustion air is needed, this, both in the case of traditional ovens and in those with improved combustion, is not controlled by a machine but or by the operator (for systems with improved combustion) or by the pressure conditions in the working environment (for real traditional ovens); with the new digital control system this problem is completely solved and furthermore in the event of a sudden increase in the pressure of the combustion chamber near the door, the same (equipped with an automatic closing system) tends to descend towards the work surface and then to close until the process is regularized by the PLC. The PLC (1 TABLE 5 figure 10) manages the power of the fans that regulate the flow of primary combustion air in the injectors (I TABLE 2 figure 3) and the power of the smoke extractors (F TABLE 5 figure 11) (E TABLE 2 figure 3). Once the smoke has been aspirated from the combustion chamber, it is conveyed into an exchange tank (SCF TABLE 3 figure 7) made up of aluminum plates (AT TABLE 3 figure 4) and involved in a particular path (TABLE 2 figure 4) ) at the end of which it is channeled into a spiral tube that runs concentrically in the structural box (SCF / A TABLE 1 figure 1), this tube (GF TABLE 3 figure 6-7) constitutes the heat source for the counter-current air exchanger. fumes with concentric circular section (GA, GF TABLE 3 figure 6,7). The primary combustion air flow is taken from the outside by means of a depression, conveyed into a special box (TABLE 3 figure 6) where the primary combustion air (AP TABLE 3 figure 6) hits the fume extractor (F TABLE 3 figure 6) self-cooling it and drawing a first quantity of heat necessary for preheating; this partially preheated air is pumped by the fan (A TABLE 3 figure 6) inside the interspace of the tube-tube exchanger (GA, GF TABLE 3 figure 6,7) and which at the end of the spiral turns of the exchanger is introduced for overpressure in the combustion chamber by means of the injectors (TABLE 2 figure 3) which must not be diametrically opposite but in an offset position (TABLE 2 figure 3). The combustion process is then monitored by means of the temperature, pressure and quality sensors of the fumes (ST, SP, SQ TABLE 5 figure 11) and by a digital scale (BD TABLE 5 figure 11) which is called into question before introducing the piece of wood on the embers (F TABLE 2 figure 3), this reads the weight of the wood and manages the immediate adjustment after it is detached from the laying surface of the digital scale. Through the sensors it is also possible to read the insufficient thermal power of the combustion chamber and which is translated with a precise acoustic signal of the PLC control system (1 TABLE 5 figure 10), so that the operator is no longer entitled to task of monitoring the conditions of the embers and also through this control system it is possible to define power overloads of the combustion chamber itself with alarm signals. Since these are systems with high heat output to the firebox, the system to compensate for any shortcomings in terms of continuity of the energy supply (black out) is set up with a double fan and extractor and also the whole system is connected to a UPS or uninterruptible power supply (UPS TABLE 5 figure 11) which in turn draws current from the external electrical network (AEE TABLE 5 figure 11) and transmits it to the system and to the PLC itself through a connection (APLC TABLE 5 figure 11) to guarantee a residual autonomy of the combustion control process and closure of the combustion chamber in case of danger.

The structure consists of two mutually isostatic blocks (1,2 TABLE 3 figure 5) each of which has two different functions, the circular crown (B TABLE 3 figure 5) and the dome (A TABLE 3 figure 5) form the first block ; while the circular box with rectangular section (SCL TABLE 3 figure 5) and the plate that supports the SET (PST TABLE 3 figure 5) form the second block. As regards the structural model (TABLE 1 figure 2) to which reference is made, it should be noted that block 1 is connected to block 2 by means of trolleys (2 TABLE 1 figure 2) and that on block one there is a uniformly distributed load and a thermal distortion, while on block 2 there are the load of block 1, the thermal distortion and the weight of the SET and which has a double pendulum or slide as an external constraint (4 TABLE 1 figure 2).

The oven door is made up of a steel frame with double lining (DP TABLE 4 figure 9) at the center of which there are two thermal glasses (V TABLE 4 figure 8,9) suitably spaced in such a way as to generate an aerated cavity (I TABLE 4 figure 9) in which thanks also to the presence of the slits on the external sheet (F TABLE 4 figure 8) they allow the natural ventilation and cooling of the door (SR TABLE 4 figure 9). Said door is controlled by a mechanical sliding system (M TABLE 4 figure 8) which moves the door by means of a pulley (P TABLE 4 figure 8) and which, said motor, tests the PLC (1 TABLE 5 figure 10) and which it can also be closed by the operator on the PLC bay by passing the automatic control system. The door (TABLE 4 figure 8) slides vertically, since it does not constitute an obstacle for the natural evacuation of the fumes, which among other things is absent

The thermal energy tank is characterized by a biscuit made of refractory material (P TABLE 3 figure 7), by loose materials with high thermal conductivity and by metals with high thermal conductivity. Aluminum ipe has been inserted as in the section and in the plan of the SET (AT TABLE 3 figure 7; AT TABLE 6 figure 12) warped in a very specific sense, i.e. in such a way as to act as a bridge to the transmission of heat (Q TABLE 6 figure 13) from the side of the embers (F TABLE 6 figure 13) to the opposite one.

Claims (2)

CLAIMS of the industrial invention entitled: TRADITIONAL WOOD-BURNING OVEN WITH PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) 1. Traditional wood oven, where the product is cooked in the same combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber is made entirely of refractory material, with Programmable Logic Controller and equipped with: A. Primary combustion air injectors (A TABLE 3 figure 7, I TABLE 2 figure 3), which occurs through a defined number of injectors (I TABLE 3 figure 7, I TABLE 2 figure 3) placed in contact with the fire ( F TABLE 2 figure 3) and flush with the top (P TABLE 3 figure 7), the fire is also placed on a cast iron grill and suspended from the ground (P TABLE 3 figure 7). These are connected to a fan (A TABLE 3 figure 6) whose flow rate is regulated by a PLC (1 TABLE 5 figure 10). B. The extraction of the combustion products takes place through a defined number of ejectors (E TABLE 3 figure 7, E TABLE 2 figure 3), connected to a smoke aspirator (F TABLE 3 figure 6) whose flow rate is regulated by a PLC (1 TABLE 5 figure 10). C. Flue gas exchanger (SCF TABLE 3 figure 7; TABLE 2 figure 4), which is part of the SET under depression regime and connected to the extractor (F TABLE 3 figure 6) on one side and to the air preheating system (VSA TABLE 2 figure 4) on the other. D. Automatic door with watertight closure (TABLE 4 figures 8,9) equipped with: mechanical sliding system (upwards) regulated by PLC, two thermal glasses with an open air chamber (V TABLE 4 figures 8,9) , holes placed above and below the glasses in the external sheet metal (F TABLE 4 figures 8,9) in order to favor the natural circulation of air (SR TABLE 4 figures 8,9); E. Air-flue gas exchanger with helical development (GF, GA TABLE 3 figures 6,7), where the incoming air undergoes two preheating processes: i) heat obtained from the self-cooling of the hot extraction motor (TABLE 3 figure 6) by flow that touches this surface, ii) heat obtained from the fumes at the outlet of the SET exchanger. F. Equipped inside the SET (TABLE SET 1 figure 1) with aluminum transversal elements (AT TABLE 3 figure 7; AT TABLE 6 figure 12) placed parallel to the heat flow (Q TABLE 6 figure 13). G. Smoke temperature, pressure and quality sensors (ST, SP, SQ TABLE 5 figure 11) connected to a digital control system (1 TABLE 5 figure 10, PLC TABLE 5 figure 11) H. UPS autonomy power supply system (UPS TABLE 5 figure 11) G. Digital control system of the type: Programmable Logic Controller (1 TABLE 5 figure 10, PLC TABLE 5 figure 11) which controls the combustion, the motor (M TABLE 4 figure 8) of the sliding door (TABLE 4 figure 8,9) . 2. Oven according to claim 1 characterized in that the structure consists of mutually isostatic blocks (TABLE 1 figure 2, TABLE 3 figure 5), in particular: A) from a rectangular section box with circular development (SCL TABLE 3 figure 5) connected with an interlocking constraint to a plate that supports the SET (PST TABLE 3 figure 5) B) from the upper casing (1, TABLES 3 figure 5) which rests on the box (SCL TABLE 3 figure 5)