ITMO20070290A1 - LIGHTWEIGHT COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING LIGHTENED MIXTURE - Google Patents

LIGHTWEIGHT COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING LIGHTENED MIXTURE Download PDF

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ITMO20070290A1
ITMO20070290A1 ITMO20070290A ITMO20070290A1 IT MO20070290 A1 ITMO20070290 A1 IT MO20070290A1 IT MO20070290 A ITMO20070290 A IT MO20070290A IT MO20070290 A1 ITMO20070290 A1 IT MO20070290A1
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composition
expanded
silica
percentage
composition according
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De Fatis Stefano Tabarelli
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Eureka Projekt D O O
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Priority to ITMO20070290 priority Critical patent/ITMO20070290A1/en
Priority to PCT/IB2008/002419 priority patent/WO2009037546A1/en
Publication of ITMO20070290A1 publication Critical patent/ITMO20070290A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/04—Clay; Kaolin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/08—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding porous substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
    • C04B2235/3436—Alkaline earth metal silicates, e.g. barium silicate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
    • C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/349—Clays, e.g. bentonites, smectites such as montmorillonite, vermiculites or kaolines, e.g. illite, talc or sepiolite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/36—Glass starting materials for making ceramics, e.g. silica glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Description

Descrizione Description

Composizione alleggerente e metodo per produrre un impasto alleggerito Lightening composition and method for producing a lightened dough

L'invenzione concerne una composizione alleggerente, miscelabile con impasti argillosi per fabbricare manufatti alleggeriti, in particolare manufatti per edilizia quali mattoni, tavelle, piastrelle e pannelli, ed un metodo per produrre un impasto argilloso alleggerito. The invention relates to a lightening composition, which can be mixed with clayey mixtures for manufacturing lightened products, in particular building products such as bricks, tiles, tiles and panels, and a method for producing a lightened clayey mixture.

Sono noti materiali alleggerenti, quali ad esempio farina di legno, polistirene espanso o perlite espansa, che possono essere mescolati in quantità variabile con l'argilla così da ottenere impasti argillosi alleggeriti. Questi ultimi consentono di fabbricare dei manufatti per edilizia che sono provvisti di un ridotto peso specifico e di idonee proprietà meccaniche. Lightening materials are known, such as for example wood flour, expanded polystyrene or expanded perlite, which can be mixed in variable quantities with the clay so as to obtain lightened clayey mixtures. The latter make it possible to manufacture building products which have a low specific weight and suitable mechanical properties.

Un inconveniente dei materiali alleggerenti noti consiste nel fatto che, essendo l'argilla un materiale plastico e compatto, risulta possibile aggiungere ad un impasto argilloso solo ridotte quantità dei suddetti materiali alleggerenti, ad esempio polistirene in piccole sfere. Di conseguenza, risulta significativamente difficile ottenere un impasto argilloso, ed un successivo manufatto, sufficientemente alleggeriti. Qualora invece il materiale alleggerente venga aggiunto all'impasto in quantità notevoli, l'impasto risulta disomogeneo e dà origine a manufatti che si sfaldano durante l'estrusione, l'essiccamento e/o la cottura. A drawback of known lightening materials consists in the fact that, since clay is a plastic and compact material, it is possible to add only small quantities of the aforementioned lightening materials, for example polystyrene in small spheres, to a clayey mixture. Consequently, it is significantly difficult to obtain a clayey mixture, and a subsequent product, sufficiently lightened. If, on the other hand, the lightening material is added to the dough in large quantities, the mixture is uneven and gives rise to artifacts that flake off during extrusion, drying and / or cooking.

Un altro inconveniente consiste nel fatto che vengono prodotti composti volatili nocivi durante la cottura di manufatti prodotti utilizzando materiali alleggerenti noti, quali farina di legno, polistirene e vari altri prodotti organici. Di conseguenza, l'uso dei materiali alleggerenti noti è sostanzialmente inquinante per l'ambiente e potenzialmente pericoloso per gli operatori addetti alla produzione dei manufatti. Another drawback consists in the fact that harmful volatile compounds are produced during the cooking of articles produced using known lightening materials, such as wood flour, polystyrene and various other organic products. Consequently, the use of known lightening materials is substantially polluting for the environment and potentially dangerous for the operators involved in the production of the manufactured articles.

Uno scopo dell'invenzione è migliorare i materiali alleggerenti utilizzabili per preparare impasti argillosi alleggeriti. An object of the invention is to improve the lightening materials which can be used to prepare lightened clayey mixtures.

Un altro scopo è migliorare i metodi noti per preparare impasti argillosi alleggeriti. Another object is to improve the known methods for preparing lightened clayey mixtures.

Un ulteriore scopo è fornire un materiale alleggerente utilizzabile per preparare un impasto argilloso alleggerito con cui produrre un manufatto per edilizia. A further object is to provide a lightening material that can be used to prepare a lightened clayey mixture with which to produce a building product.

Un altro ulteriore scopo è fornire un materiale alleggerente utilizzabile per preparare un impasto argilloso alleggerito con cui produrre un manufatto e tale da impedire sostanzialmente che il manufatto si sfaldi durante l'estrusione, l'essiccamento e/o la cottura . Another further object is to provide a lightening material that can be used to prepare a lightened clayey mixture with which to produce an article and such as to substantially prevent the article from falling apart during extrusion, drying and / or cooking.

Un ulteriore altro scopo è fornire un materiale alleggerente utilizzabile per preparare un impasto argilloso alleggerito con cui produrre un manufatto e tale da non emettere composti volatili nocivi quando il manufatto viene cotto. Another object is to provide a lightening material that can be used to prepare a lightened clayey mixture with which to produce an article and such as not to emit harmful volatile compounds when the article is cooked.

Ancora un altro scopo è fornire un materiale alleggerente utilizzabile per preparare un impasto argilloso alleggerito con cui produrre un manufatto per edilizia, ad esempio un mattone, avente un peso specifico sostanzialmente ridotto e idonee proprietà meccaniche . Still another object is to provide a lightening material that can be used to prepare a lightened clayey mixture with which to produce a building product, for example a brick, having a substantially reduced specific weight and suitable mechanical properties.

In un primo aspetto dell'invenzione, è prevista una composizione, utilizzabile per preparare un impasto alleggerito con cui produrre manufatti, comprendente: ossido di alluminio, biossido di silicio, silice espansa . In a first aspect of the invention, a composition is provided, which can be used to prepare a lightened mixture with which to produce manufactured articles, comprising: aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, expanded silica.

In un secondo aspetto dell'invenzione, è previsto un metodo per preparare un impasto argilloso alleggerito, comprendente miscelare argilla con una composizione alleggerente, detta composizione comprendendo: ossido di alluminio, biossido di silicio, silice espansa. In a second aspect of the invention, a method is provided for preparing a lightened clay mixture, comprising mixing clay with a lightening composition, said composition comprising: aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, expanded silica.

Grazie a questi aspetti, vengono resi disponibili una composizione alleggerente ed un metodo per preparare impasti argillosi alleggeriti. Utilizzando la composizione ed il metodo secondo l'invenzione è possibile fabbricare manufatti per edilizia, quali mattoni, piastrelle, tavelle o pannelli, che possono essere essiccati e cotti utilizzando procedure e apparati di tipo noto. Thanks to these aspects, a lightening composition and a method for preparing lightened clayey mixtures are made available. Using the composition and method according to the invention it is possible to manufacture building products, such as bricks, tiles, tiles or panels, which can be dried and fired using known procedures and apparatuses.

La composizione ed il metodo secondo l'invenzione consentono di preparare un impasto alleggerito sostanzialmente omogeneo, tramite il quale è quindi possibile produrre un manufatto che non si sfalda durante l'estrusione, l'essiccamento e/o la cottura. In questo modo, è possibile aggiungere quantità significative della suddetta composizione ad un impasto argilloso da alleggerire, così da produrre un manufatto per edilizia che, pur avendo proprietà meccaniche idonee e conformi alle normative vigenti, risulta anche provvisto di un peso specifico ridotto. L'ossido di alluminio (A12O3), o allumina, incrementa le proprietà meccaniche del manufatto ottenuto dall'impasto argilloso incorporante la composizione secondo l'invenzione. Ciò in quanto, quando il manufatto viene cotto a 850°C, l'allumina forma all 'interno della massa argillosa del manufatto una sorta di trama metallica che ne aumenta le proprietà meccaniche. Inoltre, durante la cottura del manufatto l'allumina si trasforma in alluminio metallico, ciò contribuendo a ridurre il peso specifico del manufatto . The composition and method according to the invention make it possible to prepare a substantially homogeneous lightened dough, by means of which it is therefore possible to produce an article that does not flake off during extrusion, drying and / or cooking. In this way, it is possible to add significant quantities of the aforesaid composition to a clayey mixture to be lightened, so as to produce a building product which, despite having suitable mechanical properties and compliant with current regulations, is also provided with a reduced specific weight. The aluminum oxide (A12O3), or alumina, increases the mechanical properties of the manufactured article obtained from the clayey mixture incorporating the composition according to the invention. This is because, when the product is fired at 850 ° C, the alumina forms a sort of metallic texture inside the clayey mass of the product which increases its mechanical properties. Furthermore, during the firing of the product, the alumina is transformed into metallic aluminum, thus helping to reduce the specific weight of the product.

Utilizzando come materiale alleggerente la composizione secondo l'invenzione, non vengono emesse sostanze nocive durante la cottura dei manufatti. Ciò consente di produrre i manufatti lavorando in modo sostanzialmente non inquinante per l'ambiente e non pericoloso per gli operatori addetti. By using the composition according to the invention as a lightening material, no harmful substances are emitted during the firing of the articles. This allows the products to be produced by working in a substantially non-polluting way for the environment and not dangerous for the operators in charge.

La composizione alleggerente secondo l'invenzione ha una formula media percentuale (anidra) espressa nella seguente Tabella 1: The lightening composition according to the invention has an average percentage formula (anhydrous) expressed in the following Table 1:

Tabella 1 Table 1

In una versione, l'ossido di alluminio (A12O3), o allumina, è pari a circa il 75% della composizione. In one version, aluminum oxide (A12O3), or alumina, is approximately 75% of the composition.

In una versione, il biossido di Silicio (SiO2) è pari a circa il 15% della composizione. In one version, the silicon dioxide (SiO2) is approximately 15% of the composition.

Per "silice espansa" si intende un materiale comprendente: pomice espansa, vetro cellulare espanso, silicato di sodio espanso, fumo di silice. In una versione, la silice espansa è pari a circa il 10% della composizione. By "expanded silica" is meant a material comprising: expanded pumice, expanded cellular glass, expanded sodium silicate, silica fume. In one version, the expanded silica is approximately 10% of the composition.

In una versione, la composizione alleggerente di Tabella 1 è idratata e presenta una percentuale di acqua pari a circa il 10%. In one version, the lightening composition of Table 1 is hydrated and has a percentage of water equal to about 10%.

La composizione alleggerente viene ottenuta miscelando meccanicamente i vari componenti, ottenuti mediante metodi noti e alcuni dei quali sono recuperabili come residui di altre lavorazioni industriali e/o tramite riciclaggio dei rifiuti. Ad esempio, il vetro cellulare espanso è ottenuto trattando ad elevate temperature vetro riciclato. Una volta miscelati fra loro i vari componenti, la miscela risultante viene eventualmente macinata meccanicamente e/o vagliata in modo da ottenere una composizione finale avente una granulometria compresa fra 10 e 100 μm. The lightening composition is obtained by mechanically mixing the various components, obtained by known methods and some of which are recoverable as residues of other industrial processes and / or by recycling waste. For example, expanded cellular glass is obtained by treating recycled glass at high temperatures. Once the various components have been mixed together, the resulting mixture is optionally mechanically ground and / or screened in order to obtain a final composition having a particle size between 10 and 100 μm.

L'uso di residui di lavorazione e/o di materiali ottenuti dal riciclaggio dei rifiuti per produrre la composizione alleggerente rende quest 'ultima significativamente meno costosa da produrre rispetto ad altri materiali alleggerenti noti. The use of processing residues and / or materials obtained from the recycling of waste to produce the lightening composition makes the latter significantly less expensive to produce than other known lightening materials.

Inoltre, l'uso dei residui di lavorazione per produrre la composizione secondo l'invenzione consente di ottenere un sostanziale risparmio energetico, in quanto non è necessario ricorrere a procedure di lavorazione e/o utilizzare impianti che richiedono un significativo consumo di energia, come richiesto per produrre i materiali alleggerenti noti. Per preparare un impasto argilloso alleggerito mediante la composizione alleggerente, una percentuale di quest'ultima compresa fra lo 0.1% ed il 20% viene miscelata meccanicamente con una quantità proporzionale di argilla umida. L'impasto argilloso alleggerito così ottenuto viene quindi utilizzato per caricare un apparato estrusore di tipo noto, tramite il quale vengono prodotti manufatti alleggeriti, ad esempio mattoni, aventi forma e dimensioni desiderate. Questi ultimi vengono poi essiccati e cotti utilizzando metodi e apparati noti. I manufatti cotti così ottenuti sono stati sottoposti a numerose prove di laboratorio, e queste ultime hanno dimostrato che questi manufatti alleggeriti sono provvisti di proprietà meccaniche idonee e conformi ai requisiti di legge. Furthermore, the use of processing residues to produce the composition according to the invention allows to obtain a substantial energy saving, since it is not necessary to resort to processing procedures and / or to use plants that require a significant energy consumption, as required. to produce the known lightening materials. To prepare a clayey mixture lightened by the lightening composition, a percentage of the latter between 0.1% and 20% is mechanically mixed with a proportional quantity of wet clay. The lightened clayey mixture thus obtained is then used to load an extruder apparatus of a known type, through which lightened articles are produced, for example bricks, having the desired shape and size. The latter are then dried and cooked using known methods and apparatuses. The fired artifacts thus obtained have been subjected to numerous laboratory tests, and the latter have shown that these lightened artifacts have suitable mechanical properties and comply with the legal requirements.

In particolare, le prove di laboratorio hanno dimostrato che, nei manufatti ottenuti utilizzando la composizione secondo l'invenzione, si ha una riduzione percentuale media del peso specifico pari al 4.98%, rispetto ai manufatti non alleggeriti. In particular, the laboratory tests have shown that, in the manufactured articles obtained using the composition according to the invention, there is an average percentage reduction of the specific weight equal to 4.98%, with respect to the non-lightened manufactured articles.

Inoltre, i manufatti alleggeriti prodotti utilizzando la composizione secondo l'invenzione presentano (una volta cotti) un valore medio di resistenza meccanica (resistenza alla flessione) pari a circa 135 Kg/cm<2>, contro un valore medio pari a circa 121 Kg/cm<2>misurabile nei manufatti alleggeriti utilizzando materiali alleggerenti noti (ad esempio, sabbia). Furthermore, the lightened articles produced using the composition according to the invention have (once cooked) an average value of mechanical resistance (resistance to bending) equal to about 135 Kg / cm <2>, against an average value equal to about 121 Kg. / cm <2> measurable in lightened artifacts using known lightening materials (for example, sand).

Poiché i manufatti alleggeriti prodotti mediante la composizione secondo l'invenzione risultano anche provvisti di buone proprietà di isolamento termico, l'uso in edilizia di questi manufatti alleggeriti consente di ottenere un ulteriore risparmio energetico . Since the lightened articles produced by means of the composition according to the invention are also provided with good thermal insulation properties, the use of these lightened articles in construction allows to obtain a further energy saving.

L'uso come materiale alleggerente della composizione secondo l'invenzione consente di preparare degli impasti argillosi che risultano provvisti di idonea plasticità e che danno origine a manufatti aventi proprietà meccaniche analoghe, o superiori, rispetto ai manufatti ottenibili utilizzando i materiali alleggerenti noti. La composizione secondo l'invenzione può inoltre essere utilizzata al posto della sabbia per sgrassare l'argilla, così da rendere quest'ultima più agevolmente essiccabile. The use as lightening material of the composition according to the invention allows the preparation of clayey mixtures which are provided with suitable plasticity and which give rise to articles having mechanical properties similar to, or superior to, those which can be obtained using the known lightening materials. The composition according to the invention can also be used instead of sand to degrease the clay, so as to make the latter more easily dried.

Claims (20)

RIVENDICAZIONI 1. Composizione, utilizzabile per preparare un impasto alleggerito con cui produrre manufatti, comprendente: ossido di alluminio, biossido di silicio, silice espansa. CLAIMS 1. Composition, usable to prepare a lightened mixture with which to produce manufactured articles, comprising: aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, expanded silica. 2. Composizione secondo la rivendicazione 1, avente una formula percentuale comprendente: Ossido di alluminio 50-80% Biossido di silicio 10-20% Silice espansa 0.1-20% 2. Composition according to claim 1, having a percentage formula comprising: Aluminum oxide 50-80% Silicon dioxide 10-20% Expanded silica 0.1-20% 3. Composizione secondo la rivendicazione 2, in cui detto ossido di alluminio ha un valore percentuale di 75. 3. Composition according to claim 2, wherein said aluminum oxide has a percentage value of 75. 4. Composizione secondo la rivendicazione 2, oppure 3, in cui detto biossido di silicio ha un valore percentuale di 15. 4. Composition according to claim 2, or 3, wherein said silicon dioxide has a percentage value of 15. 5. Composizione secondo una delle rivendicazioni precedenti, in cui detta silice espansa è selezionata in un gruppo comprendente: pomice espansa, vetro cellulare espanso, silicato di sodio espanso, fumo di silice. 5. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said expanded silica is selected from a group comprising: expanded pumice, expanded cellular glass, expanded sodium silicate, silica fume. 6. Composizione secondo una delle rivendicazioni da 2 a 5, in cui detta silice espansa ha un valore percentuale di 10. 6. Composition according to one of claims 2 to 5, wherein said expanded silica has a percentage value of 10. 7.Composizione secondo una delle rivendicazioni precedenti, comprendente inoltre acqua. 7. A composition according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising water. 8.Composizione secondo la rivendicazione 7, in cui detta acqua è presente in una percentuale compresa fra 0% e 10%. 8. A composition according to claim 7, wherein said water is present in a percentage comprised between 0% and 10%. 9.Composizione secondo una delle rivendicazioni precedenti, avente una granulometria compresa fra circa 10 e 100 pm. 9. A composition according to one of the preceding claims, having a particle size comprised between about 10 and 100 µm. 10. Manufatto comprendente una composizione secondo una delle rivendicazioni da 1 a 9. 10. Product comprising a composition according to one of claims 1 to 9. 11. Manufatto secondo la rivendicazione 10, selezionato in un gruppo comprendente: mattoni, pannelli, piastrelle, tavelle. 11. Product according to claim 10, selected from a group comprising: bricks, panels, tiles, tiles. 12. Metodo per preparare un impasto argilloso alleggerito, comprendente miscelare argilla con una composizione alleggerente, detta composizione comprendendo: ossido di alluminio, biossido di silicio, silice espansa. 12. A method of preparing a lightened clay mixture, comprising mixing clay with a lightening composition, said composition comprising: aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, expanded silica. 13. Metodo secondo la rivendicazione 12, in cui detto miscelare comprende aggiungere a detta argilla una percentuale di detta composizione compresa fra lo 0.1% ed il 20%. 13. Method according to claim 12, wherein said mixing comprises adding to said clay a percentage of said composition comprised between 0.1% and 20%. 14. Metodo secondo la rivendicazione 12, oppure 13, in cui detta composizione ha una granulometria compresa fra circa 10 e 100 μm. 14. A method according to claim 12, or claim 13, wherein said composition has a particle size comprised between about 10 and 100 μm. 15. Metodo secondo una delle rivendicazioni da 12 a 14, in cui detto ossido di alluminio è previsto in una percentuale in peso compresa fra 11 50% e 1'80%. Method according to one of claims 12 to 14, wherein said aluminum oxide is provided in a weight percentage comprised between 11 50% and 80%. 16. Metodo secondo una delle rivendicazioni da 12 a 15, in cui detto biossido di silicio è previsto in una percentuale in peso compresa fra 11 10% e il 20%. Method according to one of claims 12 to 15, wherein said silicon dioxide is provided in a weight percentage comprised between 11 10% and 20%. 17. Metodo secondo una delle rivendicazioni da 12 a 16, comprendente selezionare detta silice espansa in un gruppo comprendente: pomice espansa, vetro cellulare espanso, silicato di sodio espanso, fumo di silice. Method according to one of claims 12 to 16, comprising selecting said expanded silica from a group comprising: expanded pumice, expanded cellular glass, expanded sodium silicate, silica fume. 18. Metodo secondo una delle rivendicazioni da 12 a 17, in cui detta silice espansa è prevista in una percentuale in peso compresa fra lo 0.1% e il 20%. Method according to one of claims 12 to 17, wherein said expanded silica is provided in a percentage by weight comprised between 0.1% and 20%. 19. Metodo secondo una delle rivendicazioni da 12 a 18, comprendente aggiungere acqua a detta composizione. A method according to one of claims 12 to 18, comprising adding water to said composition. 20. Metodo secondo una delle rivendicazioni da 12 a 19, in cui detta acqua è prevista in una percentuale in peso compresa fra lo 0% e il 10%.Method according to one of claims 12 to 19, wherein said water is provided in a weight percentage comprised between 0% and 10%.
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