ITMI20130219A1 - HYDRAULIC ROTOR MADE OF FLEXIBLE MATERIAL PARTS - Google Patents

HYDRAULIC ROTOR MADE OF FLEXIBLE MATERIAL PARTS

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Publication number
ITMI20130219A1
ITMI20130219A1 IT000219A ITMI20130219A ITMI20130219A1 IT MI20130219 A1 ITMI20130219 A1 IT MI20130219A1 IT 000219 A IT000219 A IT 000219A IT MI20130219 A ITMI20130219 A IT MI20130219A IT MI20130219 A1 ITMI20130219 A1 IT MI20130219A1
Authority
IT
Italy
Prior art keywords
rotor
blade
frame
support means
rotatable support
Prior art date
Application number
IT000219A
Other languages
Italian (it)
Inventor
Gledis Cinque
Original Assignee
Gledis Cinque
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gledis Cinque filed Critical Gledis Cinque
Priority to IT000219A priority Critical patent/ITMI20130219A1/en
Priority to PCT/IB2014/059044 priority patent/WO2014125450A1/en
Publication of ITMI20130219A1 publication Critical patent/ITMI20130219A1/en

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/061Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially in flow direction
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/20Rotors
    • F05B2240/30Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/31Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape
    • F05B2240/311Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor of changeable form or shape flexible or elastic
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20Hydro energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Details And Applications Of Rotary Liquid Pumps (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)

Description

DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION

“Rotore idraulico realizzato con parti in materiale flessibile†  â € œHydraulic rotor made with parts in flexible materialâ €

La presente invenzione si riferisce ad un rotore per turbine idrauliche, e in particolare  si riferisce a turbine idrauliche semisommerse.  The present invention refers to a rotor for hydraulic turbines, and in particular it refers to semi-submerged hydraulic turbines.

La  tecnica  nota  presenta  varie  tipologie  e  conformazioni  di  rotori  ed  eliche  atti  all’utilizzo in turbine idrauliche, che sono generiche varianti dell’elica aeronautica.   Tuttavia  tale conformazione  risulta poco adatta all’utilizzo  in una  turbina  idraulica di  un generatore  idroelettrico operante  in correnti d’acqua presentanti basse velocità di  scorrimento di fluido.  The known art has various types and conformations of rotors and propellers suitable for use in hydraulic turbines, which are generic variants of the aeronautical propeller. However, this conformation is not very suitable for use in a hydraulic turbine of a hydroelectric generator operating in water streams with low fluid flow rates.

Come  à ̈  noto,  un  generatore  idroelettrico  à ̈  una  macchina  che  trasforma  l’energia  cinetica di un fluido in energia elettrica, tipicamente attraverso un alternatore guidato  da un rotore, a sua volta posto  in rotazione dall’azione del fluido sul rotore stesso. Ãˆ  inoltre noto che l’energia cinetica trasmessa alla macchina Ã ̈ proporzionale alla massa  ed al quadrato della velocità del fluido intercettato dal rotore. Ãˆ dunque evidente che,  ove i corsi d’acqua presentino dei moderati regimi di velocità di scorrimento del fluido,  l’energia cinetica estraibile dalla macchina si  riduca sensibilmente. Per ovviare a  tale  inconveniente,  à ̈  possibile  operare  sull’altro  parametro  dell’energia  cinetica  sopra  citato, ovvero sulla massa di fluido intercettata dal rotore.   Un primo metodo per  l’aumento di  tale parametro  consiste nella  totale  immersione  del  rotore, preferibilmente ancorando  il generatore  sul  letto del  corso d’acqua. Tale  soluzione  garantisce una maggiore  superficie del  rotore  a  contatto  con  il  fluido, ma  implica una notevole  complessità di progettazione,  installazione e manutenzione. Vi  sono  infatti  porzioni  della  macchina  che  devono  operare  in  condizioni  di  perenne  immersione, ovvero  in ambiente sfavorevole.  Inoltre, per garantire  la funzionalità del  generatore a rotore sommerso, Ã ̈ necessario installare la macchina in una posizione del  fiume ove sia possibile immergere interamente ed in condizioni di sicurezza il rotore, e  in particolare sul letto del fiume. Oltretutto una simile macchina comporta una elevata  interferenza  con  il  corso  d’acqua.  La  poca  economicità  e  la  poca  adattabilità  impediscono l’utilizzo di macchine simili in corsi d’acqua a basse velocità.  As is known, a hydroelectric generator is a machine that transforms the kinetic energy of a fluid into electrical energy, typically through an alternator driven by a rotor, in turn set in rotation by the action of the fluid on the rotor itself. . It is also known that the kinetic energy transmitted to the machine is proportional to the mass and to the square of the speed of the fluid intercepted by the rotor. It is therefore evident that, where the water courses have moderate flow rates of the fluid, the kinetic energy that can be extracted from the machine is considerably reduced. To overcome this drawback, it is possible to operate on the other parameter of the kinetic energy mentioned above, ie on the mass of fluid intercepted by the rotor. A first method for increasing this parameter consists in the total immersion of the rotor, preferably anchoring the generator on the bed of the water course. This solution guarantees a greater surface of the rotor in contact with the fluid, but implies a considerable complexity of design, installation and maintenance. There are in fact portions of the machine that must operate in conditions of perennial immersion, or in an unfavorable environment. Furthermore, to ensure the functionality of the submerged rotor generator, it is necessary to install the machine in a position on the river where it is possible to completely and safely immerse the rotor, and in particular on the river bed. Moreover, such a machine involves a high degree of interference with the watercourse. The low economy and the lack of adaptability prevent the use of similar machines in water courses at low speeds.

Per  sopperire  a  tali  inconvenienti  à ̈ noto  realizzare  generatori  idroelettrici  adatti  ad  essere  installati  in  corsi  d’acqua  in  cui  le  pale  del  rotore  sono  destinate  ad  essere  semisommerse, ovvero immerse parzialmente, con una struttura del generatore atta a  mantenere  in  posizione  il  rotore.  Ad  esempio  il  rotore  può  essere  vincolato  ad  un  elemento galleggiante, a  sua volta  collegato a  riva, ad esempio mediante delle  funi.  Alternativamente il rotore può essere direttamente vincolato ad una struttura, la quale  à ̈ fissata ad una o entrambe le rive dello stesso corso d’acqua.   To overcome these drawbacks, it is known to produce hydroelectric generators suitable for installation in water courses in which the rotor blades are intended to be semi-submerged, or partially submerged, with a generator structure capable of keeping the rotor in position. For example, the rotor can be tied to a floating element, which in turn is connected to the shore, for example by means of ropes. Alternatively, the rotor can be directly linked to a structure, which is fixed to one or both banks of the same water course.

Al  fine  di  aumentare  la  massa  di  fluido  intercettata  dal  rotore  di  un  generatore  idroelettrico,  senza poter  immergere  completamente  il  rotore,  Ã ̈ dunque necessario  aumentare  le  dimensioni  della macchina  stessa,  e  in  particolare  le  dimensioni  delle  pale destinate ad intercettare il flusso del fluido.   In order to increase the mass of fluid intercepted by the rotor of a hydroelectric generator, without being able to completely immerse the rotor, it is therefore necessary to increase the dimensions of the machine itself, and in particular the dimensions of the blades intended to intercept the flow of the fluid.

Un rotore di elevate dimensioni comporta una notevole difficoltà di  lavorazione delle  pale del  rotore,  in particolare nella definizione del profilo delle pale, e presenta un  problema di  ingombri  in  fase di trasporto del pezzo, trasporto che risulta scomodo e  difficoltoso.  A large rotor entails a considerable difficulty in machining the rotor blades, in particular in defining the profile of the blades, and presents a problem of overall dimensions during the transport of the piece, which is inconvenient and difficult.

Risulta inoltre chiaro al tecnico del settore come l’aumento di dimensioni comporti un  notevole  incremento  di  peso  della  macchina,  che  si  traduce  in  una  inerzia  molto  elevata, che ostacola la rotazione del rotore.   It is also clear to those skilled in the art that the increase in size entails a considerable increase in the weight of the machine, which translates into a very high inertia, which hinders the rotation of the rotor.

Un  macchina  a  rotore  semisommerso  di  grandi  dimensioni  comporta  inoltre  una  elevata  rumorosità  del  generatore,  dovuta  al  contatto  delle  pale  con  l’acqua  e  alle  vibrazioni  indotte sul rotore stesso. L’incremento di peso oltretutto ha come risultato  una  macchina  poco  economica,  poiché  di  difficile  installazione,  gestione  e  manutenzione.   A large-sized semi-submerged rotor machine also causes a high noise level of the generator, due to the contact of the blades with the water and the vibrations induced on the rotor itself. Moreover, the increase in weight results in an inexpensive machine, as it is difficult to install, manage and maintain.

Uno  scopo della presente  invenzione Ã ̈  la  realizzazione di un  rotore per una  turbina  idraulica, che sia di facile lavorazione indipendentemente dalla propria dimensione.  Un altro scopo della presente invenzione Ã ̈ la realizzazione di un rotore per una turbina  idraulica a rotore semisommerso che permetta di sviluppare elevate potenze con peso  relativamente ridotto.  Un altro scopo della presente invenzione Ã ̈ la realizzazione di un rotore per una turbina  idraulica che riduca le vibrazioni indotte sulla turbina stessa.  Un altro scopo della presente invenzione Ã ̈ la realizzazione di un rotore per una turbina  idraulica con funzionamento a bassa rumorosità.  An object of the present invention is the realization of a rotor for a hydraulic turbine, which is easy to work regardless of its size. Another object of the present invention is the realization of a rotor for a semi-submerged rotor hydraulic turbine which allows to develop high powers with relatively low weight. Another object of the present invention is the realization of a rotor for a hydraulic turbine which reduces the vibrations induced on the turbine itself. Another object of the present invention is the realization of a rotor for a hydraulic turbine with low noise operation.

Un ulteriore  scopo della presente  invenzione Ã ̈  la  realizzazione di un  rotore per una  turbina idraulica utilizzabile in corsi d’acqua in cui il fluido scorre a velocità ridotta.  Questi ed altri scopi sono raggiunti dalla presente  invenzione mediante un rotore per  turbina idraulica del tipo adatto all’utilizzo in condizione semisommersa in un fluido in  movimento,  comprendente  mezzi  di  supporto  ruotabili,  un  telaio  sostanzialmente  rigido, vincolato in modo sporgente ai mezzi di supporto ruotabili, ed almeno una pala  laminare  realizzata almeno  in parte  in materiale  sostanzialmente  flessibile. La pala Ã ̈  vincolata contemporaneamente ai mezzi di supporto ruotabili ed al telaio rigido.  Con la terminologia â€œmezzi di supporto ruotabili† si vuole intendere qui e di seguito dei  mezzi  solidali  alla  rotazione del  rotore  atti  a  sostenere  il  rotore  stesso durante  tale  rotazione. I mezzi di supporto ruotabili presentano tipicamente la propria dimensione  maggiore lungo l’asse di rotazione del rotore.  A further object of the present invention is the realization of a rotor for a hydraulic turbine usable in water courses in which the fluid flows at reduced speed. These and other purposes are achieved by the present invention by means of a rotor for a hydraulic turbine of the type suitable for use in a semi-submerged condition in a moving fluid, comprising rotatable support means, a substantially rigid frame, protruding constrained to the support means rotatable, and at least one laminar blade made at least in part of substantially flexible material. The blade is simultaneously constrained to the rotatable support means and to the rigid frame. The term â € œrotatable support meansâ € means here and hereinafter means integral to the rotation of the rotor able to support the rotor itself during said rotation. The rotatable support means typically have their largest dimension along the axis of rotation of the rotor.

Con  la terminologia â€œpala  laminare† si  intende qui e nel seguito una pala realizzata  in  modo  tale  da  presentare  una  dimensione  molto  ridotta  rispetto  alle  restanti  due  dimensioni.  Tale pala, al fine di consentire la rotazione del rotore, come sarà chiaro ad un esperto  del ramo, avrà la propria dimensione ridotta giacente lungo un piano, o una superficie,  che  non  può  essere  perpendicolare  all’asse  dei mezzi  di  supporto  ruotabili.  In  altre  parole,  la  pala  risulterà  necessariamente  svergolata  rispetto  all’asse  dei  mezzi  di  supporto ruotabili.  The term â € œLaminar bladeâ € means here and hereinafter a blade made in such a way as to have a very small size compared to the remaining two dimensions. This blade, in order to allow the rotation of the rotor, as will be clear to an expert in the art, will have its own reduced size lying along a plane, or a surface, which cannot be perpendicular to the axis of the rotatable support means. In other words, the blade will necessarily be twisted with respect to the axis of the rotatable support means.

Inoltre, con  la terminologia â€œmateriale sostanzialmente flessibile† si  intende qui e nel  seguito un materiale  che possa essere  sottoposto  a deformazioni  senza  incorrere  in  rotture, e più  in particolare un materiale tale per cui  il profilo della pala possa essere  definito  all’atto  del  montaggio  della  stessa  sui  mezzi  di  supporto  ruotabili.  In  altre  parole, grazie alla propria flessibilità, la pala non viene necessariamente realizzata nella  propria  forma  finale,  ovvero  già  svergolata,  durante  la  fase  di  produzione,  poiché  questa può essere deformata e modellata durante il montaggio della pala sul rotore.  Secondo  un  aspetto  preferito  della  presente  invenzione  la  pala  risulta  realizzata  in  tessuto o in tela.   Furthermore, the terminology â € œmaterial substantially flexibleâ € means here and hereinafter a material that can be subjected to deformation without incurring breakage, and more particularly a material such that the blade profile can be defined at the moment of its mounting on the rotatable support means. In other words, thanks to its flexibility, the blade is not necessarily made in its final shape, that is already twisted, during the production phase, as this can be deformed and shaped during the assembly of the blade on the rotor. According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, the blade is made of fabric or canvas.

La  composizione  chimica  del  materiale  della  pala  non  à ̈  oggetto  della  presente  invenzione. Sono noti nella tecnica vari materiali adatti all’utilizzo secondo la presente  descrizione. Ad esempio dei tessuti realizzati in materiali compositi a base di carbonio  o  dei  filati  di  poliesteri  si  sono  rivelati  particolarmente  indicati  per  la  presente  invenzione. Risulta comunque evidente che differenti materiali sono  in possesso della  caratteristica di â€œflessibilità† come sopra definita. Non si esclude ad esempio  l’utilizzo  di leghe metalliche particolarmente leggere.  The chemical composition of the blade material is not the subject of the present invention. Various materials suitable for use according to the present description are known in the art. For example, fabrics made of carbon-based composite materials or polyester yarns have proved to be particularly suitable for the present invention. It is however evident that different materials possess the characteristic of â € œflexibility â € as defined above. For example, the use of particularly light metal alloys is not excluded.

La presenza di materiale  flessibile conferisce dunque alla presente  invenzione diversi  vantaggi.  The presence of flexible material therefore confers various advantages to the present invention.

Come  sopra accennato, Ã ̈ possibile  conformare  la pala  con maggiore  libertà  rispetto  all’elica  tradizionale,  che  viene  invece  realizzata  secondo  una  forma  prestabilita.  In  particolare,  l’utilizzo  di  tele  o  tessuti  compositi,  permette  di  eliminare  ogni  tipo  di  lavorazione atta a predefinire (o â€œpre†svergolare†)  il profilo della pala,  in quanto essa  può  essere  piegata  e  modellata  con  facilità  secondo  la  conformazione  desiderata,  anche  in seguito all’ultima  lavorazione effettuata durante  la  fase di produzione della  pala stessa.  As mentioned above, it is possible to shape the blade with greater freedom compared to the traditional propeller, which is instead made according to a predetermined shape. In particular, the use of canvases or composite fabrics allows to eliminate any type of processing designed to pre-define (or â € œpreâ € twistâ €) the profile of the blade, as it can be folded and modeled easily according to the conformation desired, even after the last processing carried out during the production phase of the blade itself.

Un ulteriore vantaggio di una pala secondo quanto qui descritto, consiste nel ridotto  utilizzo di materiali pesanti. Ne consegue una notevole riduzione dell’inerzia del rotore,  che, come Ã ̈ noto, Ã ̈ funzione della massa, e dunque del peso, del rotore stesso. Grazie  a  tale  soluzione  à ̈  quindi  possibile  porre  in  rotazione  un  rotore  per  un  generatore  idroelettrico anche  in corsi d’acqua presentanti delle basse velocità di scorrimento di  fluido.   A further advantage of a shovel as described herein consists in the reduced use of heavy materials. This results in a considerable reduction in the inertia of the rotor, which, as is well known, is a function of the mass, and therefore of the weight, of the rotor itself. Thanks to this solution it is therefore possible to rotate a rotor for a hydroelectric generator even in water courses with low fluid flow rates.

Secondo un aspetto della presente  invenzione,  il  rotore può comprendere dei mezzi  per porre in tensione la porzione di pala realizzata in materiale flessibile.  According to an aspect of the present invention, the rotor can comprise means for tensioning the portion of the blade made of flexible material.

Secondo  un  aspetto  della  presente  invenzione,  il  telaio  può  presentare  asse  sostanzialmente ortogonale all’asse dei mezzi di supporto ruotabili.  According to an aspect of the present invention, the frame can have an axis substantially orthogonal to the axis of the rotatable support means.

Secondo un altro aspetto della presente invenzione, la dimensione del raggio della pala  cresce  in modo  sostanzialmente  continuo  tra  i  due  estremi  della  pala  tra  un  valore  minimo, al limite nullo, ed un valore massimo, definito dal telaio.   Secondo un altro aspetto della presente invenzione, il rotore comprende dei mezzi per  ripiegare il telaio, ad esempio una cerniera, in modo da ridurre gli ingombri del rotore  in fase di trasporto dello stesso.  According to another aspect of the present invention, the dimension of the radius of the blade increases substantially continuously between the two extremes of the blade between a minimum value, at the null limit, and a maximum value, defined by the frame. According to another aspect of the present invention, the rotor comprises means for folding the frame, for example a hinge, so as to reduce the overall dimensions of the rotor during its transport.

Secondo un ulteriore aspetto della presente invenzione, la pala si sviluppa lungo l’asse  dei  mezzi  di  supporto  ruotabili,  in  prossimità  dei  mezzi  stessi,  secondo  un  profilo  conformato almeno in parte a spirale.  According to a further aspect of the present invention, the blade extends along the axis of the rotatable support means, close to the means themselves, according to a profile at least partially spiral shaped.

La presente  invenzione concerne altresì un metodo per  la  trasformazione di energia,  ad esempio per  la produzione di energia elettrica,  che  sfrutta un  rotore per  turbina  idraulica  del  tipo  adatto  all’utilizzo  in  condizione  semisommersa  in  un  fluido  in  movimento e con asse sostanzialmente parallelo alla direzione di scorrimento di detto  fluido, comprendente dei mezzi di supporto ruotabili, un telaio sostanzialmente rigido,  vincolato  in  modo  sporgente  ai  mezzi  di  supporto  ruotabili,  ed  almeno  una  pala  laminare  realizzata almeno  in parte  in materiale  sostanzialmente  flessibile. La pala Ã ̈  vincolata  contemporaneamente ai mezzi di  supporto  ruotabili ed al  telaio, mentre  il  rotore Ã ̈ vincolato in modo ruotabile a degli adatti mezzi di sostegno.  The present invention also relates to a method for transforming energy, for example for the production of electricity, which uses a rotor for a hydraulic turbine of the type suitable for use in a semi-submerged condition in a moving fluid and with a substantially parallel axis. to the direction of flow of said fluid, comprising rotatable support means, a substantially rigid frame, protrudingly constrained to the rotatable support means, and at least one laminar blade made at least in part of substantially flexible material. The blade is simultaneously constrained to the rotatable support means and to the frame, while the rotor is rotatably constrained to suitable support means.

Secondo  un  aspetto  della  presente  invenzione,  il  rotore  entra  nel  fluido,  ovvero  in  acqua,  “a  forbice†, ovvero  in modo  tale  che ogni pala, e  in particolare  il  suo bordo  esterno non vincolato ai mezzi di supporto ruotabili, si  immerga  istante per  istante  in  modo sostanzialmente puntuale e graduale nel corso d’acqua.  According to an aspect of the present invention, the rotor enters the fluid, i.e. in water, â € œscissorâ €, that is, in such a way that each blade, and in particular its outer edge not constrained to the rotatable support means, is immediately immersed in order to instant in a substantially punctual and gradual way in the course of water.

Ulteriori  caratteristiche  e  vantaggi  della  presente  invenzione  risulteranno  più  chiari  dalla descrizione che segue,  fatta a  titolo solamente esemplificativo e non  limitativo,  con riferimento ai disegni allegati, in cui:  Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become clearer from the following description, made only by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

†la  Figura  1  à ̈  una  vista  prospettica  e  semplificata  di  un  rotore  secondo  la  presente invenzione;  Figure 1 is a simplified perspective view of a rotor according to the present invention;

†la Figura 2 Ã ̈ una vista posteriore del rotore di Figura 1;  Figure 2 is a rear view of the rotor of Figure 1;

†la Figura 3 Ã ̈ una vista posteriore di una forma di realizzazione alternativa di un  rotore secondo la presente invenzione;  Figure 3 is a rear view of an alternative embodiment of a rotor according to the present invention;

†la Figura 4 Ã ̈ una vista laterale di un rotore secondo la presente invenzione;  †la Figura 4a Ã ̈ una vista ingrandita del dettaglio di Figura 4;  Figure 4 is a side view of a rotor according to the present invention; â € Figure 4a is an enlarged view of the detail of Figure 4;

  †la Figura 5 Ã ̈ una vista esplosa e semplificata di un rotore secondo  la presente  invenzione;  Figure 5 is an exploded and simplified view of a rotor according to the present invention;

†la Figura 6 Ã ̈ una vista laterale semplificata del rotore di Figura 5;  â € Figure 6 is a simplified side view of the rotor of Figure 5;

†la  Figura  7  à ̈  una  vista  esplosa  e  semplificata  di  una  variante  di  un  rotore  secondo la presente invenzione;  Figure 7 is an exploded and simplified view of a variant of a rotor according to the present invention;

  †la Figura 8 Ã ̈ una vista laterale semplificata del rotore di Figura 7;  â € Figure 8 is a simplified side view of the rotor of Figure 7;

†la  Figura  9  à ̈  una  vista  laterale  di  una  ulteriore  forma  di  realizzazione  di  un  rotore secondo la presente invenzione;  Figure 9 is a side view of a further embodiment of a rotor according to the present invention;

†le Figure 10 e 11 sono le viste posteriore e frontale del rotore di Figura 9;  †la Figura 12 Ã ̈ una vista laterale ed in sezione del rotore di Figura 9, in cui la pala  à ̈ stata omessa;  Figures 10 and 11 are the rear and front views of the rotor of Figure 9; â € Figure 12 is a side and sectional view of the rotor of Figure 9, in which the blade has been omitted;

†la Figura 13 Ã ̈ una vista  frontale ed  in sezione del  rotore di Figura 9,  in cui  la  pala Ã ̈ stata omessa;  â € Figure 13 is a front and sectional view of the rotor of Figure 9, in which the blade has been omitted;

†le Figure 14 e 15 sono delle viste laterali di una variante del rotore di Figura 9.  Con  riferimento alla  forma di  realizzazione delle  Figure 1  † 8,  viene qui descritto un  rotore  per  turbina  idraulica  1,  d’ora  in  poi  indicato  semplicemente  come  rotore  1,  conformato  per  essere  disposto  entro  un  corso  d’acqua  8  ed  adatto  all’utilizzo  in  condizione  semisommersa.  Come  à ̈  noto  al  tecnico  del  settore  la  condizione  semisommersa descrive una condizione operativa del rotore 1, in cui il rotore 1 si trova  immerso in acqua 8 solo parzialmente, così che durante la propria rotazione, le relative  pale si immergono ed emergono ciclicamente.   Figures 14 and 15 are side views of a variant of the rotor of Figure 9. With reference to the embodiment of Figures 1 to 8, a rotor for hydraulic turbine 1 is described hereinafter simply as a rotor 1, shaped to be arranged within a water course 8 and suitable for use in a semi-submerged condition. As is known to those skilled in the art, the semi-submerged condition describes an operating condition of the rotor 1, in which the rotor 1 is only partially immersed in water 8, so that during its rotation, the relative blades immerse and emerge cyclically.

Secondo  la  presente  invenzione,  il  rotore  1  qui  illustrato  comprende  dei  mezzi  di  supporto  ruotabili, costituiti da un mozzo 2. La generica conformazione del mozzo Ã ̈  nota nella tecnica, ovvero Ã ̈ un comune albero, tipicamente cilindrico, atto ad essere  posto in rotazione.  According to the present invention, the rotor 1 illustrated here comprises rotatable support means, consisting of a hub 2. The generic shape of the hub is known in the art, that is, it is a common shaft, typically cylindrical, able to be rotated .

Ulteriormente,  il  rotore comprende un  telaio 3  sostanzialmente  rigido e vincolato  in  modo sporgente al mozzo 2, ed almeno una pala  laminare 4,  indicata d’ora  in avanti  come pala 4.  La pala 4, vantaggiosamente, Ã ̈  realizzata almeno  in parte  in materiale  sostanzialmente  flessibile, ed Ã ̈ vincolata contemporaneamente sia al mozzo 2 che al  telaio 3.  Furthermore, the rotor comprises a substantially rigid frame 3 which is constrained in a protruding way to the hub 2, and at least one laminar blade 4, hereinafter referred to as blade 4. The blade 4, advantageously, is made at least in part in substantially flexible material, and is simultaneously constrained to both hub 2 and frame 3.

Il telaio 3 Ã ̈ costituito da un elemento allungato, generalmente astiforme, atto a fornire  una struttura di supporto per una pala flessibile 4.  The frame 3 is constituted by an elongated element, generally rod-shaped, able to provide a support structure for a flexible blade 4.

Come mostrato nelle Figure 1 â€  8,  il telaio 3, può presentare asse disposto  in maniera  sostanzialmente ortogonale  rispetto all’asse del mozzo 2. Tale  conformazione  risulta  evidentemente la soluzione di più semplice realizzazione, anche se altre configurazioni  sono possibili.  As shown in Figures 1 - 8, the frame 3 can have an axis arranged in a substantially orthogonal manner with respect to the axis of the hub 2. This conformation is obviously the simplest solution, even if other configurations are possible.

Nelle Figure 1 â€  8, Ã ̈ mostrata una possibile conformazione di una pala 4. In particolare,  con  specifico  riferimento  alla  Figura  4,  à ̈  possibile  notare  come  la  dimensione  del  raggio della pala 4  cresca  in modo  sostanzialmente  continuo  tra  i due estremi della  pala  4  stessa  tra  un  valore  minimo  R1,  che  può  essere  anche  nullo,  ed  un  valore  massimo R2, definito lungo il telaio 3.   In Figures 1 - 8, a possible conformation of a blade 4 is shown. In particular, with specific reference to Figure 4, it is possible to note how the dimension of the radius of the blade 4 grows substantially continuously between the two extremes of the blade. blade 4 itself between a minimum value R1, which can also be null, and a maximum value R2, defined along the frame 3.

Delle differenti conformazioni della pala 4, non mostrate, sono possibili. Ad esempio  una  pala  compatibile  con  la  presente  invenzione  può  avere  sviluppo  elicoidale,  con  raggio sostanzialmente costante lungo l’asse del mozzo 2, oppure forme ibride, con lo  sviluppo  della  pala  che  abbia  solo  parzialmente  sviluppo  a  spirale  lungo  l’asse  del  mozzo 2  Different conformations of the blade 4, not shown, are possible. For example, a blade compatible with the present invention can have a helical development, with substantially constant radius along the axis of the hub 2, or hybrid shapes, with the development of the blade having only partially spiral development along the axis of the hub. 2

Grazie alla sopra descritta conformazione,  la superficie  laterale della pala 4 non urta  interamente contro  l’acqua 8, ma entra  in acqua 8 secondo una modalità â€œa forbice†.  Tale caratteristica Ã ̈ mostrata più  in dettaglio nelle viste  laterali di Figure 4, 6 e 8.  In  dettaglio si nota come il bordo esterno 15 della pala 4 abbia un solo punto di contatto  P con l’acqua 8. Il punto P rappresenta dunque la porzione di pala 4 istantaneamente  in contatto con l’acqua 8, e si intende ovviamente che il punto di contatto P Ã ̈ mobile  lungo bordo esterno 15 della pala 4 in funzione della rotazione della pala 4 stessa.  Tale soluzione permette una riduzione drastica del rumore del rotore 1 quando la pala  4  entra  in  contatto  con  l’acqua  8.  Un  basso  valore,  al  limite  nullo,  di  raggio  R1  permette  inoltre  di  ridurre,  se  non  di  eliminare,  la  presenza  di  elementi  disposti  ortogonalmente alla direzione di scorrimento dell’acqua 8. Grazie a tale caratteristica,  viene  ridotta  la possibilità  che  corpi  estranei  rimangano  incagliati  in  corrispondenza  delle pale 4 del rotore 1, secondo la presente forma di realizzazione.   Con riferimento anche alle Figure 5 â€“ 8, vengono ora  introdotti dei possibili mezzi di  interconnessione tra i vari elementi del rotore 1.  Thanks to the conformation described above, the lateral surface of the blade 4 does not hit entirely against the water 8, but enters the water 8 according to a â € œscissorâ € modality. This characteristic is shown in more detail in the side views of Figures 4, 6 and 8. In detail it can be seen that the outer edge 15 of the blade 4 has only one point of contact P with the water 8. The point P therefore represents the blade portion 4 instantaneously in contact with the water 8, and it is obviously understood that the contact point P is movable along the outer edge 15 of the blade 4 as a function of the rotation of the blade 4 itself. This solution allows a drastic reduction of the noise of the rotor 1 when the blade 4 comes into contact with the water 8. A low value, at zero limit, of radius R1 also allows to reduce, if not eliminate, the presence of elements arranged orthogonally to the direction of flow of the water 8. Thanks to this characteristic, the possibility of foreign bodies getting stuck in correspondence with the blades 4 of the rotor 1, according to the present embodiment, is reduced. With reference also to Figures 5 - 8, possible means of interconnection between the various elements of the rotor 1 are now introduced.

Il  telaio  3  può  essere  fissato  al mozzo  2  secondo  diverse metodologie. Nelle  figure  mostrate,  vengono  proposte  due  forme  di  realizzazione  di  aggancio  del  telaio  3  al  mozzo 2.   Entrambe le forme di realizzazione prevedono una corona di aggancio 14, posta ad una  estremità del mozzo 2.  The frame 3 can be fixed to the hub 2 according to different methods. In the figures shown, two embodiments of attachment of the frame 3 to the hub 2 are proposed. Both embodiments provide for an attachment crown 14, located at one end of the hub 2.

Nella  prima  forma  di  realizzazione, mostrata  nelle  Figure  1  –  2  e  4  –  8,  il  telaio  3  presenta una conformazione ad â€œL†, e presenta asse sostanzialmente perpendicolare  alla sezione del mozzo 2.  In the first embodiment, shown in Figures 1 - 2 and 4 - 8, the frame 3 has a `` L '' shape, and has an axis substantially perpendicular to the section of the hub 2.

Nella  seconda  forma di  realizzazione, mostrata  in Figura 3,  il  telaio 3’ Ã ̈  interamente  rettilineo,  ed  à ̈  agganciato  alla  corona  14  in  modo  sostanzialmente  tangente  alla  sezione del mozzo 2.  In the second embodiment, shown in Figure 3, the frame 3â € ™ is entirely straight, and is hooked to the crown 14 substantially tangent to the section of the hub 2.

Per  quanto  concerne  il  fissaggio  della  pala  al mozzo  2,  nelle  Figure  5  †  8  vengono  mostrate due  forme di  realizzazione di mezzi di montaggio  atti  a  fissare una pala 4  realizzata in tela o tessuto ad un mozzo 2.  Con riferimento alla forma di realizzazione di Figure 5 â€  6, il mozzo Ã ̈ dotato di una serie  di fori 5 a cui possono essere vincolati dei ganci 10.   La pala Ã ̈ di conseguenza dotata di mezzi di aggancio 11, atti a cooperare direttamente  o  indirettamente con  i ganci 10 del mozzo 2.  In particolare Ã ̈ possibile che  i mezzi di  aggancio 11 presentino forma complementare ai ganci 10.   Come visibile nelle figure,  i fori 5 sono disposti  in modo tale da essere allineati  lungo  più  file sia  in direzione parallela che perpendicolare all’asse del mozzo 3, anche se Ã ̈  possibile  prevedere  una  disposizione  sfalsata  in  almeno  una  delle  due  direzioni.  Di  conseguenza,  l’utente  può  liberamente  scegliere  il  profilo,  in  particolare  lo  svergolamento, della pala 4  lungo  il mozzo 2,  in  funzione della scelta dei  fori 5 entro  cui  far passare  i ganci 10, ai quali saranno vincolati  in seguito  i mezzi di aggancio 11  della pala 4.  As regards fixing the blade to the hub 2, Figures 5 to 8 show two embodiments of mounting means suitable for fixing a blade 4 made of cloth or fabric to a hub 2. With reference to the embodiment of Figure 5 â € 6, the hub is equipped with a series of holes 5 to which hooks 10 can be constrained. The blade is consequently equipped with hooking means 11, able to cooperate directly or indirectly with the hooks 10 of the hub 2. In particular, it is possible that the coupling means 11 have a shape complementary to the hooks 10. As can be seen in the figures, the holes 5 are arranged in such a way as to be aligned along several rows both in a parallel and perpendicular direction to the axis of the hub 3, even if it is possible to provide an offset arrangement in at least one of the two directions. Consequently, the user can freely choose the profile, in particular the twist, of the blade 4 along the hub 2, according to the choice of the holes 5 into which to pass the hooks 10, to which the means of blade hook 11 4.

In Figura 6 Ã ̈ presentata  in modo esemplificativo una pala 4,  in tela, vincolata  in solo  due punti per mezzo di  relativi ganci 10  (collegati ai  relativi mezzi di aggancio 11).  I  ganci 10 sono posti in maniera sfalsata lungo l’asse del mozzo 2, in modo da definire lo  svergolamento della pala 4.  Figure 6 shows by way of example a blade 4, in cloth, constrained in only two points by means of relative hooks 10 (connected to the relative hooking means 11). The hooks 10 are placed in a staggered manner along the axis of the hub 2, so as to define the warping of the blade 4.

Risulta ovvio  come  in  realtà  la pala  4  sia  vincolata  in un numero maggiore di punti  rispetto ai due mostrati, e che uno svergolamento diverso possa essere scelto rispetto  a quanto illustrato nelle figure, come sopra menzionato, a seconda della scelta dei fori  5 entro cui vincolare i ganci 10.  It is obvious that in reality the blade 4 is constrained in a greater number of points than the two shown, and that a different twist can be chosen with respect to what is illustrated in the figures, as mentioned above, depending on the choice of holes 5 within which to constrain the hooks 10.

In una forma alternativa, mostrata nelle Figure 7 e 8,  in cui gli elementi analoghi alla  forma  di  realizzazione  di  Figure  5  –  6  sono  stati  indicati  mediante  il  medesimo  riferimento numerico, dei cavi 10’, 10’’ o simili elementi, vengono vincolati entro i fori  5 del mozzo 2 e a mezzi di aggancio 11’ della pala.   In an alternative form, shown in Figures 7 and 8, in which the elements analogous to the embodiment of Figures 5 - 6 have been indicated by the same numerical reference, of the cables 10â € ™, 10â € ™ â € ™ or such elements are constrained within the holes 5 of the hub 2 and to hooking means 11 of the blade.

Per mantenere comprensibile la Figura 7, vengono mostrate solo delle porzioni di cavo  10’, 10’’, secondo una prima ed una seconda  forma di  realizzazione, mentre  la corsa  intera di un singolo cavo 10’ viene mostrata in Figura 8.   To keep Figure 7 understandable, only portions of cable 10 ', 10' are shown, according to a first and a second embodiment, while the full stroke of a single cable 10 'is shown in Figure 8.

La pala 4 Ã ̈ dotata di una pluralità di mezzi di  aggancio 11’,  conformati  ad esempio  come  fori  rinforzati,  entro  cui possono  essere  vincolati  i  cavi  10’,  10’’. Risulta ovvio  come  la pala di Figura 7 sia dotata di una quantità di mezzi di aggancio 11’ superiore  all’unico mezzo 11’, mostrato singolarmente per facilità di comprensione.   The blade 4 is equipped with a plurality of hooking means 11â € ™, shaped for example as reinforced holes, within which the cables 10â € ™, 10â € ™ â € ™ can be constrained. It is obvious that the shovel of Figure 7 is equipped with a greater quantity of coupling means 11â € ™ than the single means 11â € ™, shown individually for ease of understanding.

Secondo  la prima  forma di  realizzazione,  i cavi 10’ vengono  fatti scorrere â€œa zig†zag†  entro  le  file  di  fori  5  disposti  parallelamente  all’asse  del mozzo  2,  ovvero  risultano  passare  alternativamente  esternamente  ed  internamente  al  mozzo  2  tra  le  varie  coppie di fori 5 che si susseguono longitudinalmente al mozzo.  According to the first embodiment, the cables 10â € ™ are made to slide â € œzigâ € zagâ € within the rows of holes 5 arranged parallel to the axis of the hub 2, i.e. they pass alternately externally and internally to the hub 2 between the various pairs of holes 5 which follow one another longitudinally to the hub.

In  particolare  una  singola  pala  4  viene  vincolata  a  più  file  di  cavi  10’,  in  modo  da  definire lo svergolamento della pala stessa.  In particular, a single blade 4 is constrained to several rows of cables 10â € ™, so as to define the warping of the blade itself.

Secondo un’altra  forma di realizzazione preferita, delle  file di cavi 10’’ vengono  fatte  passare entro dei fori 5 in modo sfalsato lungo l’asse del mozzo 2, per cui ogni pala 4 Ã ̈  dunque vincolata ad un singolo cavo 10’’. La disposizione del cavo 10’’  lungo  il mozzo  definisce dunque lo svergolamento della pala relativa 4.  According to another preferred embodiment, rows of cables 10â € ™ â € ™ are passed through holes 5 in a staggered way along the axis of the hub 2, so that each blade 4 is therefore constrained to a single cable 10â € ™ â € ™. The arrangement of the cable 10â € ™ â € ™ along the hub therefore defines the twist of the relative blade 4.

In questa  forma di  realizzazione, ogni  foro 5 Ã ̈ dotato di un occhiello, non mostrato,  entro  cui  il  cavo  viene  vincolato,  in  modo  da  permettere  ai  cavi  10’’  di  scorrere  esternamente al mozzo 2 per tutta la propria lunghezza.  La Figura 8 propone una vista laterale di questa seconda forma di realizzazione, in cui si  nota  come  la  linea  definita  dal  singolo  cavo  10’’  definisca  il  profilo  della  pala  4  in  prossimità del mozzo 2.  In this embodiment, each hole 5 is provided with an eyelet, not shown, within which the cable is constrained, so as to allow the cables 10â € ™ â € ™ to slide externally to the hub 2 along its entire length. Figure 8 proposes a side view of this second embodiment, in which it is noted how the line defined by the single cable 10â € ™ â € ™ defines the profile of the blade 4 in proximity to the hub 2.

Risulta  evidente  come  l’utente  possa  scegliere  il  percorso  migliore  dei  cavi  10’’  a  seconda  dell’esigenza,  e  modellare  la  pala  4,  grazie  alla  sua  flessibilità,  secondo  il  profilo migliore.  È inoltre possibile prevedere un percorso â€œa zig†zag† per i cavi 10’’ secondo la seconda  forma di realizzazione, così come dei fori 5 con degli occhielli per i cavi 10’ della prima  forma di realizzazione.  Forme di aggancio alternative della pala 4 al mozzo 2, non mostrate nelle figure, sono  possibili. Ad esempio  il mozzo 2 può essere dotato di una  scanalatura entro cui una  pala 4 può essere montata. La flessibilità della pala 4, permetterebbe in questo caso di  adattare la stessa al profilo delle scanalature realizzate sul mozzo 2.  It is evident that the user can choose the best route for the cables 10â € ™ â € ™ according to the need, and model the blade 4, thanks to its flexibility, according to the best profile. It is also possible to provide a "zig" path for the cables 10 "according to the second embodiment, as well as holes 5 with eyelets for the cables 10" of the first embodiment. Alternative forms of attachment of the blade 4 to the hub 2, not shown in the figures, are possible. For example, the hub 2 can be equipped with a groove in which a blade 4 can be mounted. The flexibility of the blade 4 would allow in this case to adapt it to the profile of the grooves made on the hub 2.

Per  tutte queste  forme di  realizzazioni, Ã ̈ possibile prevedere una  corona 9, analoga  alla  corona  14,  disposta  sul mozzo  in  corrispondenza  della  porzione  di  pala  avente  raggio R1 minore, atta a rafforzare il vincolo tra il mozzo 2 e la â€œpunta† della pala 4.  Secondo un’altra forma di realizzazione, non mostrata nelle figure, i mezzi di fissaggio  tra pala 4 e mozzo 2 non sono posti direttamente sul mozzo 2, ma sono disposti lungo  un elemento di connessione che viene interposto tra la pala 4 ed il mozzo 2.  Per quanto concerne i mezzi di fissaggio tra il telaio 3 e la pala 4, questi possono essere  realizzati mediante una porzione 12 della pala conformata a manicotto, atta ad essere  calzata  sul  telaio  3.  La  porzione  12  conformata  a  manicotto,  può  essere  realizzata  mediante una  semplice piegatura ed eventualmente cucitura della porzione estrema  della pala 4. Tale forma di realizzazione Ã ̈ visibile esplicitamente nelle figure 4 e 5, ed in  particolare nel dettaglio ingrandito di figura 4a, in cui si vede, in tratteggiato, il telaio 3  posto all’interno della porzione 12 conformata a manicotto.  Alternativamente alla porzione 12 della pala 4 conformata a manicotto, il telaio 3 può  presentare dei ganci analoghi ai ganci 10 precedentemente illustrati, per cui il vincolo  tra pala 4 e telaio 3 avverrebbe in modo simile al vincolo tra mozzo 2 e pala 4 illustrato  in relazione alle Figure 5 â€“ 6.  Ulteriormente Ã ̈ possibile che il telaio 3 sia dotato di una scanalatura entro cui la pala 4  viene fatta scorrere e successivamente vincolata.   Il rotore 1 può essere dotato di mezzi, noti nella tecnica, per porre in tensione la pala  4.  Tali  mezzi  di  tensione  risultano  evidentemente  atti  ad  essere  utilizzati  con  pale  realizzate in tele o tessuti.   For all these embodiments, it is possible to provide a crown 9, similar to the crown 14, arranged on the hub in correspondence with the portion of the blade having a smaller radius R1, designed to strengthen the bond between the hub 2 and the `` tip '' of the blade 4. According to another embodiment, not shown in the figures, the fastening means between blade 4 and hub 2 are not placed directly on the hub 2, but are arranged along a connection element which is interposed between the blade 4 and the hub 2. As regards the fastening means between the frame 3 and the blade 4, these can be made by means of a sleeve-shaped portion 12 of the blade, adapted to be fitted on the frame 3. The sleeve-shaped portion 12, can be achieved by simply folding and possibly sewing the extreme portion of the blade 4. This embodiment is explicitly visible in figures 4 and 5, and in parts pour in the enlarged detail of figure 4a, in which the frame 3 placed inside the sleeve-shaped portion 12 can be seen in broken lines. As an alternative to the sleeve-shaped portion 12 of the blade 4, the frame 3 can have hooks similar to the hooks 10 previously illustrated, so that the bond between the blade 4 and the frame 3 would take place in a similar way to the bond between the hub 2 and the blade 4 illustrated in relation to Figures 5 - 6. Furthermore, it is possible that the frame 3 is equipped with a groove within which the blade 4 is made to slide and subsequently constrained. The rotor 1 can be equipped with means, known in the art, for tensioning the blade 4. These tensioning means are evidently suitable for use with blades made of cloth or fabric.

Tali mezzi di tensione, nella  forma di realizzazione di Figure 7 â€“ 8, sono posti ad una  estremità del mozzo 2, montati in prossimità de, e preferibilmente su, la corona 9. Tali  mezzi sono composti  ad esempio da un tensore, noto, atto a mantenere in tensione il  cavo 8, e di conseguenza la pala 4.  Said tensioning means, in the embodiment of Figures 7 - 8, are placed at one end of the hub 2, mounted in proximity to, and preferably on, the crown 9. These means are composed for example of a tensor, known , Adapted to keep the cable 8 in tension, and consequently the blade 4.

Alternativamente,  dei  tensori  o  simili  elementi  possono  essere  disposti  in  corrispondenza dei ganci 10 di Figure 5 â€  6.   Alternatively, tensors or similar elements can be arranged in correspondence with the hooks 10 of Figures 5-6.

In  generale,  i  mezzi  di  tensione  sono  in  grado  di  agire  sulla  pala  4,  in  modo  da  permettere alla stessa di mantenere efficacemente il proprio profilo.  Secondo una forma di realizzazione alternativa, mostrata nelle Figure 9 â€“ 13, i mezzi di  sostegno  ruotabili  non  sono  conformati  come  un  singolo  albero  o mozzo, ma  sono  costituiti  da  un’asta  13  e  da  due  cilindri  14  e  15  vincolati,  tipicamente  in  modo  concentrico, all’asta 13.  In general, the tensioning means are able to act on the blade 4, so as to allow it to effectively maintain its own profile. According to an alternative embodiment, shown in Figures 9 - 13, the rotatable support means are not shaped as a single shaft or hub, but are constituted by a rod 13 and by two constrained cylinders 14 and 15, typically concentrically, at rod 13.

I due cilindri 14, 15 sono preferibilmente posti  in prossimità delle estremità opposte  dell’asta 13, e comunque in posizione distanziata uno dall’altro lungo l’asta 13.  Come  visibile  dalle  Figure  9  †  13,  i  cilindri  14,  15  presentano  sezione  avente  raggio  maggiore rispetto al raggio della sezione dell’asta 13.  The two cylinders 14, 15 are preferably placed near the opposite ends of the rod 13, and in any case in a position spaced from one another along the rod 13. As can be seen from Figures 9 - 13, the cylinders 14, 15 have a section having a greater radius than the radius of the section of the rod 13.

La  pala  16  risulta  conformata  in modo  simile  alla  pala  4  della  precedente  forma  di  realizzazione di Figure 1 â€“ 8, per cui presenta raggio non costante  lungo  la direzione  definita dall’asta 13,  in modo da operare un  ingresso  “a  forbice†  in  acqua,  secondo  quanto precedentemente descritto.  The blade 16 is shaped in a similar way to the blade 4 of the previous embodiment of Figures 1 - 8, therefore it has a non-constant radius along the direction defined by the rod 13, so as to operate a â € œscissorâ € entrance € in water, as previously described.

Una barra 17, cui Ã ̈ vincolata  inferiormente  la pala 16, Ã ̈ disposta tra  i due cilindri 14,  15.  La  barra  17  può  essere  scelta  secondo  la  conformazione  preferita  e,  nella  realizzazione mostrata, presenta asse sostanzialmente rettilineo.  La pala 16 può essere vincolata alla barra 17  secondo mezzi di aggancio analoghi ai  mezzi  previsti  tra  mozzo  2  e  pala  14  della  precedente  forma  di  realizzazione.  Ulteriormente,  la  pala  16,  se  realizzata  in  tela,  tessuto  o  simile  materiale,  può  presentare  una  porzione  ripiegata  entro  cui  à ̈  possibile  inserire  la  barra  17,  analogamente a quanto descritto per  il vincolo  tra  la porzione 12 della pala 14 ed  il  telaio 3 del rotore 1 della precedente forma di realizzazione di Figure 1 â€“ 8.  Un telaio 18 protrude da uno dei due cilindri 14, 15 per definire il profilo della pala 16  in direzione sostanzialmente perpendicolare all’asse dell’asta 13.  In particolare, nella  forma  mostrata,  il  telaio  risulta  tangente  al  cilindro  14,  con  disposizione  sostanzialmente analoga al telaio 3’ di Figura 3.  A bar 17, to which the blade 16 is constrained at the bottom, is arranged between the two cylinders 14, 15. The bar 17 can be chosen according to the preferred configuration and, in the embodiment shown, has a substantially rectilinear axis. The blade 16 can be fastened to the bar 17 according to hooking means similar to the means provided between the hub 2 and the blade 14 of the previous embodiment. Furthermore, the blade 16, if made of canvas, fabric or similar material, can have a folded portion into which it is possible to insert the bar 17, similarly to what has been described for the connection between the portion 12 of the blade 14 and the frame 3 of the rotor 1 of the previous embodiment of Figures 1 - 8. A frame 18 protrudes from one of the two cylinders 14, 15 to define the profile of the blade 16 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis of the rod 13. In particular , In the form shown, the frame is tangent to the cylinder 14, with an arrangement substantially similar to the frame 3â € ™ of Figure 3.

Analogamente  alla  precedente  forma  di  realizzazione  mostrata,  la  pala  16  viene  preferibilmente calzata sul telaio 18.   Il telaio 18 può presentare dei mezzi per ripiegare il telaio 18 che nella forma mostrata,  sono costituiti da una cerniera 19. Grazie alla cerniera Ã ̈ possibile ripiegare il telaio 18,  e quindi anche  la pala 16 quando questa Ã ̈  in tessuto,  tela o simile materiale. Grazie  alla cerniera 19, la pala 16 può essere ripiegata in modo da essere contenuta per la sua  quasi  totalità entro  la proiezione del  cilindro 14 dotato del  telaio 18. Tale  soluzione  conferisce una notevole trasportabilità al rotore 1’, anche quando la pala 16 Ã ̈ montata  sul rotore 1’.  Similarly to the previous embodiment shown, the blade 16 is preferably fitted onto the frame 18. The frame 18 may have means for folding the frame 18 which in the form shown consist of a hinge 19. Thanks to the hinge it is possible to fold the frame 18, and therefore also the blade 16 when this is made of fabric, canvas or similar material. Thanks to the hinge 19, the blade 16 can be folded in such a way as to be contained almost entirely within the projection of the cylinder 14 equipped with the frame 18. This solution confers considerable transportability to the rotor 1â € ™, even when the blade 16 is It is mounted on rotor 1â € ™.

La barra 17 Ã ̈ vincolata in modo rigido al cilindro 14 da cui protrude il telaio 18, mentre  può essere vincolata mediante un vincolo  regolabile 20  sul cilindro 15 opposto. Tale  fatto permette una movimentazione di una estremità della barra 17 su una superficie  del cilindro 15. Tale vincolo  regolabile 20  funge  sostanzialmente da  rotaia o pattino.  Una volta selezionata la posizione migliore dell’estremità della barra 17 entro il vincolo  regolabile  20,  à ̈  possibile  agire  sul  vincolo  regolabile  20  in  modo  da  trattenere  saldamente la barra 17 in tale posizione.  The bar 17 is rigidly constrained to the cylinder 14 from which the frame 18 protrudes, while it can be constrained by means of an adjustable constraint 20 to the opposite cylinder 15. This fact allows an end of the bar 17 to be moved on a surface of the cylinder 15. This adjustable constraint 20 acts substantially as a rail or shoe. Once the best position of the end of the bar 17 has been selected within the adjustable constraint 20, it is possible to act on the adjustable constraint 20 so as to firmly hold the bar 17 in this position.

In alternativa, Ã ̈ possibile vincolare entrambe le estremità della barra 17 ai cilindri 14 e  15, e prevedere una  rotazione  relativa  tra  i cilindri 14 e 15,  in modo da cambiare  lo  svergolamento della pala 16. Per ottenere  tale  scopo, occorre vincolare almeno uno  dei due cilindri 14, 15 in modo ruotabile sull’asta 13.  Alternatively, it is possible to constrain both ends of the bar 17 to the cylinders 14 and 15, and to provide for a relative rotation between the cylinders 14 and 15, so as to change the warping of the blade 16. To achieve this purpose, at least one must be constrained of the two cylinders 14, 15 rotatable on the rod 13.

Sono  inoltre previsti dei mezzi per porre  in  tensione  la pala 16, nel  caso questa  sia  realizzata  in tela o simile materiale. Tali mezzi di tensione sono ad esempio composti  da  (almeno) un cavo che scorre  lungo  la barra 17, e vincolato contemporaneamente  alla pala 16. Almeno una estremità del cavo Ã ̈ fissata in modo regolabile al rotore 1’, ad  esempio ad un elemento filettato che può essere  inserito  in maniera regolabile entro  una relativa sede, a sua volta filettata, ricavata sul rotore 1’.  Means are also provided for tensioning the blade 16, if this is made of cloth or similar material. Such tensioning means are for example composed of (at least) one cable which slides along the bar 17, and is simultaneously constrained to the blade 16. At least one end of the cable is fixed in an adjustable way to the rotor 1â € ™, for example to an element threaded which can be inserted in an adjustable manner into a relative seat, in turn threaded, obtained on the rotor 1â € ™.

Nelle Figure 14 e 15 viene mostrata una forma di realizzazione preferita della modalità  di  ripiegamento  della  pala  16  mediante  una  cerniera  19.  Poiché  tale  forma  di  realizzazione  si  applica  al  rotore  di  Figure  9  †13,  sono  stati  mantenuti  i  medesimi  riferimenti numerici.  La cerniera 19, nota nella tecnica e rappresentata nelle Figure in modo schematico, ha  il proprio asse  inclinato a 45° rispetto all’asse del telaio 18.  In altre parole  la cerniera  19 Ã ̈ disposta in modo tale per cui l’asse di rotazione del telaio 18 attorno alla cerniera  19 Ã ̈ inclinato a 45 gradi rispetto all’asse del telaio 18.  Grazie a ciò Ã ̈ possibile ripiegare il telaio 18, e quindi la pala 16, all’interno dello spazio  compreso tra  i due cilindri 14 e 15, ed  in particolare Ã ̈ possibile portare  il telaio 18  in  una  condizione  in  cui  il  telaio  18  stesso  presenti  il  proprio  asse  sostanzialmente  parallelo all’asse dell’asta 13.  Nell’uso operativo del rotore 1, 1’ sono naturalmente previsti dei mezzi di sostegno per  mantenere il rotore 1, 1’ nella propria condizione semisommersa, con l’asse del rotore  opportunamente orientato rispetto alla direzione del  flusso della corrente. Tali mezzi  di sostegno possono essere solidali al terreno, come ad esempio una piattaforma fissa  installata  a  riva  o  sul  fondo  del  corso  d’acqua  8,  oppure  possono  essere  installati  all’interno del corso d’acqua 8 stesso, ad esempio degli elementi galleggianti vincolati  a  riva mediante delle  corde.  Il  rotore 1 deve  chiaramente essere  vincolato  in modo  ruotabile a tali elementi di sostegno.  Figures 14 and 15 show a preferred embodiment of the folding mode of the blade 16 by means of a hinge 19. Since this embodiment is applied to the rotor of Figures 9 - 13, the same numerical references have been maintained. The hinge 19, known in the art and schematically represented in the Figures, has its axis inclined at 45 ° with respect to the axis of the frame 18. In other words, the hinge 19 is arranged in such a way that the axis rotation of the frame 18 around the hinge 19 is inclined at 45 degrees with respect to the axis of the frame 18. Thanks to this it is possible to fold the frame 18, and therefore the blade 16, inside the space between two cylinders 14 and 15, and in particular it is possible to bring the frame 18 into a condition in which the frame 18 itself has its own axis substantially parallel to the axis of the rod 13. In the operative use of the rotor 1, 1â € ™ obviously support means are provided to keep the rotor 1, 1â € ™ in its semi-submerged condition, with the axis of the rotor suitably oriented with respect to the direction of flow of the current. These support means can be integral with the ground, such as a fixed platform installed on the shore or on the bottom of the watercourse 8, or they can be installed inside the watercourse 8 itself, for example floating elements bound to the shore by means of ropes. The rotor 1 must clearly be constrained in a rotatable manner to these supporting elements.

Il rotore 1, 1’ può essere  inoltre collegato  in modo noto a dei mezzi di produzione di  energia  elettrica.  Ad  esempio,  un  rotore  1,  1’  secondo  la  presente  invenzione  può  essere vincolato all’albero rotante di un alternatore, per trascinarlo in rotazione.  Una volta che  il rotore 1, 1’ viene vincolato  in modo ruotabile ai mezzi di sostegno, e  quindi posto in condizione semisommersa all’interno di un corso d’acqua 8, il rotore 1,  1’ viene posto in rotazione a causa dell’azione della corrente del corso d’acqua 8 sulle  pale 6, 16.   The rotor 1, 1â € ™ can also be connected in a known way to means of producing electrical energy. For example, a rotor 1, 1 according to the present invention can be constrained to the rotating shaft of an alternator, to drive it in rotation. Once the rotor 1, 1â € ™ is rotatably constrained to the support means, and then placed in a semi-submerged condition inside a water course 8, the rotor 1, 1â € ™ is rotated due to the action of the current of the watercourse 8 on the blades 6, 16.

Come sopra menzionato, la rotazione del rotore 1, 1’ pone in funzione dei mezzi per la  produzione di energia elettrica, quali ad esempio un alternatore.  As mentioned above, the rotation of the rotor 1, 1 sets in function the means for the production of electric energy, such as for example an alternator.

Claims (9)

RIVENDICAZIONI  1. Rotore  per  turbina  idraulica  (1,  1’)  del  tipo  adatto  all’utilizzo  in  condizione  semisommersa  in  un  fluido  in  movimento  (8)  e  con  asse  sostanzialmente  parallelo  alla  direzione  di  scorrimento  di  detto  fluido  (8),  comprendente  dei  mezzi  di  supporto  ruotabili  (2,  13),  un  telaio  sostanzialmente  rigido  (3,  18),  vincolato  in  modo  sporgente  a  detti  mezzi  di  supporto  ruotabili  (2,  13),  ed  almeno  una  pala  laminare  (4,  16)  realizzata  almeno  in  parte  in  materiale  sostanzialmente  flessibile, detta pala essendo vincolata contemporaneamente  a detti mezzi di supporto ruotabili (2, 13) e a detto telaio (3, 18).  CLAIMS 1. Rotor for hydraulic turbine (1, 1â € ™) of the type suitable for use in a semi-submerged condition in a moving fluid (8) and with an axis substantially parallel to the direction of flow of said fluid (8), comprising means of rotatable support means (2, 13), a substantially rigid frame (3, 18), constrained in a protruding way to said rotatable support means (2, 13), and at least one laminar blade (4, 16) made at least partially in substantially flexible material, said blade being simultaneously constrained to said rotatable support means (2, 13) and to said frame (3, 18). 2. Rotore per turbina  idraulica secondo  la rivendicazione 1,  in cui detto telaio (3,  18)  presenta  asse  sostanzialmente  ortogonale  all’asse  di  detti  mezzi  di  supporto ruotabili (2, 13).  2. Rotor for hydraulic turbine according to claim 1, wherein said frame (3, 18) has an axis substantially orthogonal to the axis of said rotatable support means (2, 13). 3. Rotore per turbina idraulica secondo una delle precedenti rivendicazioni, in cui  detta pala (4, 16) si sviluppa lungo l’asse di detti mezzi di supporto ruotabili (2,  13),  in  prossimità  dei  mezzi  di  supporto  ruotabili  stessi,  secondo  un  profilo  conformato almeno in parte a spirale.  3. Rotor for hydraulic turbine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said blade (4, 16) extends along the axis of said rotatable support means (2, 13), in proximity to the rotatable support means themselves, according to a profile at least partially spiral shaped. 4. Rotore per turbina idraulica secondo una delle precedenti rivendicazioni, in cui  la  dimensione  del  raggio  della  pala  (4,  16)  cresce  in  modo  sostanzialmente  continuo tra  i due estremi di detta pala (4, 16) tra un valore minimo, al  limite  nullo, ed un valore massimo, definito dal telaio (3, 18).  4. Rotor for hydraulic turbine according to one of the preceding claims, in which the dimension of the radius of the blade (4, 16) increases substantially continuously between the two ends of said blade (4, 16) between a minimum value, to the null limit , And a maximum value, defined by the frame (3, 18). 5. Rotore  per  turbina  idraulica  secondo  una  delle  precedenti  rivendicazioni,  comprendente  dei  mezzi  per  porre  in  tensione  la  porzione  di  pala  (4,  16)  realizzata in materiale flessibile.  5. Rotor for hydraulic turbine according to one of the preceding claims, comprising means for tensioning the blade portion (4, 16) made of flexible material. 6. Rotore per turbina idraulica secondo una delle precedenti rivendicazioni, in cui  detto materiale flessibile Ã ̈ una tela od un tessuto.  6. Rotor for hydraulic turbine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said flexible material is a cloth or a fabric. 7. Rotore  per  turbina  idraulica  secondo  una  delle  precedenti  rivendicazioni,  comprendente dei mezzi (19) per ripiegare detto telaio.  7. Rotor for hydraulic turbine according to one of the preceding claims, comprising means (19) for folding said frame. 8. Metodo  per  la  trasformazione  di  energia  mediante  un  rotore  per  turbina  idraulica del tipo adatto all’utilizzo in condizione semisommersa in un fluido in  movimento e con asse sostanzialmente parallelo alla direzione di scorrimento  di detto fluido, comprendente dei mezzi di supporto ruotabili (2, 13), un telaio  sostanzialmente  rigido  (3,  18),  vincolato  in modo  sporgente  a  detti mezzi  di  supporto  ruotabili  (2,  13),  ed  almeno  una  pala  laminare  (4,  16)  realizzata  almeno  in  parte  in  materiale  sostanzialmente  flessibile,  detta  pala  (4,  16)  essendo vincolata contemporaneamente a detti mezzi di supporto ruotabili (2,  13) e a detto telaio (3, 18),  in cui detto rotore Ã ̈ vincolato  in modo ruotabile a  dei mezzi di sostegno.  8. Method for the transformation of energy by means of a rotor for a hydraulic turbine of the type suitable for use in a semi-submerged condition in a moving fluid and with an axis substantially parallel to the direction of flow of said fluid, comprising rotatable support means (2 , 13), a substantially rigid frame (3, 18), constrained in a protruding way to said rotatable support means (2, 13), and at least one laminar blade (4, 16) made at least in part of substantially flexible material, said blade (4, 16) being constrained simultaneously to said rotatable support means (2, 13) and to said frame (3, 18), in which said rotor is rotatably coupled to support means. 9. Metodo secondo la rivendicazione 7, in cui detto rotore entra in detto fluido (8)  a forbice. Method according to claim 7, wherein said rotor enters said scissor fluid (8).
IT000219A 2013-02-18 2013-02-18 HYDRAULIC ROTOR MADE OF FLEXIBLE MATERIAL PARTS ITMI20130219A1 (en)

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WO2016030910A1 (en) * 2014-08-27 2016-03-03 Bhardwaj Narayan Water kinetic energy driven hydro turbine

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WO2009023367A1 (en) * 2007-08-14 2009-02-19 Neumann Joel G Electrical generation device-turbine rotor shape for electrical power generation from moving fluid
WO2012067501A1 (en) * 2010-10-18 2012-05-24 Stichting S & O Patenten Device for an energy exchange with a fluid
GB2487403A (en) * 2011-01-20 2012-07-25 Sea Lix As Conical helical rotor

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US7633174B1 (en) * 2007-02-27 2009-12-15 Fred John Feiler Floating water turbine for a power plant
US20120076656A1 (en) * 2010-09-29 2012-03-29 Abass Omar Nabil Horizontal Axis Logarithmic Spiral Fluid Turbine

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009023367A1 (en) * 2007-08-14 2009-02-19 Neumann Joel G Electrical generation device-turbine rotor shape for electrical power generation from moving fluid
WO2012067501A1 (en) * 2010-10-18 2012-05-24 Stichting S & O Patenten Device for an energy exchange with a fluid
GB2487403A (en) * 2011-01-20 2012-07-25 Sea Lix As Conical helical rotor

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