ITMI20102285A1 - METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION OF MAZZE DA BASEBALL COMPOSITE MORE RESISTANT, AND BASEBALL BALLS MADE WITH THIS METHOD - Google Patents
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION OF MAZZE DA BASEBALL COMPOSITE MORE RESISTANT, AND BASEBALL BALLS MADE WITH THIS METHOD Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ITMI20102285A1 ITMI20102285A1 IT002285A ITMI20102285A ITMI20102285A1 IT MI20102285 A1 ITMI20102285 A1 IT MI20102285A1 IT 002285 A IT002285 A IT 002285A IT MI20102285 A ITMI20102285 A IT MI20102285A IT MI20102285 A1 ITMI20102285 A1 IT MI20102285A1
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- Prior art keywords
- strips
- internal
- core
- composite
- external
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 241000288673 Chiroptera Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000004144 Acer rubrum Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000723418 Carya Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000731 Fagus sylvatica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010099 Fagus sylvatica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000184861 Juglans nigra Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006335 epoxy glue Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B59/00—Bats, rackets, or the like, not covered by groups A63B49/00 - A63B57/00
- A63B59/50—Substantially rod-shaped bats for hitting a ball in the air, e.g. for baseball
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
- B27M3/0013—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles
- B27M3/0026—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
- B27M3/22—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of sport articles, e.g. bowling pins, frames of tennis rackets, skis, paddles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2102/00—Application of clubs, bats, rackets or the like to the sporting activity ; particular sports involving the use of balls and clubs, bats, rackets, or the like
- A63B2102/18—Baseball, rounders or similar games
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
Description
Descrizione Description
"Metodo di costruzione di mazze da baseball composite più resistenti, e mazze da baseball realizzate con tale metodo" "Method of constructing stronger composite baseball bats, and baseball bats made with this method"
Campo dell’invenzione Field of invention
La presente invenzione riguarda in generale un metodo di costruzione di mazze da baseball meno soggette a rottura, e mazze da baseball ottenute con tale metodo. The present invention generally relates to a method of manufacturing baseball bats which are less prone to breaking, and baseball bats obtained with this method.
Tradizionalmente le mazze da baseball sono di legno pieno, con fibre generalmente diritte e parallele in modo da presentare un certo grado di flessibilità e di resistenza ai colpi della palla lanciata dal lanciatore a velocità elevate (fino a 160-180 Km/h). Traditionally, baseball bats are made of solid wood, with generally straight and parallel fibers so as to present a certain degree of flexibility and resistance to the blows of the ball thrown by the pitcher at high speeds (up to 160-180 km / h).
I legni storicamente più utilizzati sono l’hickory (noce americano) ed il frassino o “white ash†. Historically the most used woods are hickory (American walnut) and ash or â € œwhite ashâ €.
Negli ultimi decenni hanno fatto la loro comparsa nel modo del baseball anche l’acero o “maple†canadese, il faggio, il bamboo, la betulla ed altri. In recent decades, Canadian maple, beech, bamboo, birch and others have also made their appearance in the baseball world.
Accanto alle mazze in legno vi sono anche le mazze in alluminio e in leghe metalliche (“alloy†). Tuttavia tali mazze sono destinate ad un uso limitato (giocatori giovani od amatori) e, per problemi connessi al loro utilizzo (c.d. “trampoline effect†), vanno man mano scomparendo o vengono assoggettate a regolamenti sempre più stringenti o limitativi. Lo stesso dicasi per alcune mazze composite in materiale plastico ed leghe metalliche e similiari. Per via del suaccennato problema si assiste negli ultimi anni ad un ritorno alle mazze in legno, peraltro mai abbandonate dalle leghe professionali. Alongside the wooden clubs there are also the aluminum and metal alloy clubs (â € œalloyâ €). However, these clubs are intended for limited use (young players or amateurs) and, due to problems related to their use (so-called â € œtrampoline effectâ €), they gradually disappear or are subject to increasingly stringent or restrictive regulations. The same applies to some composite clubs made of plastic and metal and similar alloys. Due to the aforementioned problem, in recent years we have witnessed a return to wooden clubs, which have never been abandoned by professional leagues.
Il maggior problema delle mazze da baseball in legno à ̈ la loro fragilità soprattutto quando la pallina colpisce un punto lontano dal c.d. “barrel†(la parte più larga della mazza da baseball) che à ̈ raccordata al manico che à ̈, invece, molto più sottile. The biggest problem with wooden baseball bats is their fragility, especially when the ball hits a point far from the so-called c.d. â € œbarrelâ € (the widest part of the baseball bat) which is connected to the handle which is, on the other hand, much thinner.
A seguito della rottura della mazza da baseball, vengono originate schegge che vengono violentemente scagliate tutto attorno col pericolo di ferire il battitore o chi gli sta accanto mentre la parte battente della mazza da baseball, staccatasi dal manico, genera un ulteriore rischio per le persone presenti. Following the breaking of the baseball bat, splinters are originated which are violently thrown all around with the danger of injuring the batsman or whoever is next to him while the striking part of the baseball bat, detached from the handle, generates an additional risk for the people present. .
Quindi à ̈ importante evitare la rottura della mazza da baseball e a questo scopo sono state ideate vari tipi di mazze composite costituite in parte in legno e in parte in materiali di rinforzo. Therefore it is important to avoid breaking the baseball bat and for this purpose various types of composite bats have been devised made partly of wood and partly of reinforcing materials.
Si ottengono così vari vantaggi nei confronti delle normali mazze di legno pieno in quanto esse risultano meno soggette a rotture, assicurando nel contempo lo stesso livello di risposta elastica delle mazze tradizionali. In this way, various advantages are obtained compared to normal solid wood clubs as they are less subject to breakage, while ensuring the same level of elastic response as traditional clubs.
Scopo dell’invenzione Purpose of the invention
E’ conseguentemente sorta la necessità di trovare dei rimedi per evitare la rottura delle mazze di legno e l’esplosione di schegge a seguito della rottura della mazza da baseball causata dall’urto violento della pallina lanciata a grande velocità alla quale si aggiunge la velocità rotazionale della mazza che la colpisce con estrema violenza. Consequently, the need arose to find remedies to avoid the breaking of the wooden bats and the explosion of splinters following the breaking of the baseball bat caused by the violent impact of the ball thrown at high speed to which is added the rotational speed of the club hitting it with extreme violence.
Uno scopo dell’invenzione à ̈ di prevedere una mazza da baseball, nonché il relativo metodo di costruzione, formata da vari settori interni pressoché romboidali tra loro accostati ed incollati gli uni agli altri, a loro volta accoppiati ed incollati ad altrettanti settori esterni a sezione triangolare. Nella zona centrale della mazza da baseball à ̈ prevista un’anima a sezione circolare, eventualmente forata centralmente. One purpose of the invention is to provide a baseball bat, as well as the relative construction method, formed by various internal almost rhomboidal sectors joined together and glued to each other, in turn coupled and glued to as many sectors triangular section exteriors. In the central area of the baseball bat there is a core with a circular section, possibly perforated centrally.
Un altro scopo della presente invenzione à ̈ quello di eliminare il pericolo costituito dall’esplosione di schegge a seguito della rottura di una qualsiasi mazza da baseball grazie all’inserimento della stessa in una guaina che la riveste interamente. Another object of the present invention is to eliminate the danger constituted by the explosion of splinters following the breakage of any baseball bat thanks to the insertion of the same in a sheath that covers it entirely.
L’invenzione verrà qui di seguito descritta in modo dettagliato in relazione ad una forma di realizzazione esemplificativa ma non limitativa, facendo riferimento ai disegni allegati in cui: The invention will be described below in detail in relation to an exemplary but not limiting embodiment, with reference to the attached drawings in which:
la Figura 1 mostra gli elementi componenti che vengono usati per la costruzione di una mazza da baseball composita secondo la presente invenzione; Figure 1 shows the component elements which are used for the construction of a composite baseball bat according to the present invention;
la Figura 2 mostra uno schema di posizionamento dei componenti illustrati nella Figura 1 usati per la costruzione di una mazza da baseball in conformità nella fase di assemblaggio dei componenti della mazza da baseball conforme al presente trovato; Figure 2 shows a layout diagram for the positioning of the components illustrated in Figure 1 used for the construction of a baseball bat in accordance with the step of assembling the components of the baseball bat according to the present invention;
la Figura 3 mostra la sommità della mazza da baseball, parzialmente in sezione, ottenuta in conformità al metodo di costruzione del presente trovato; Figure 3 shows the top of the baseball bat, partially in section, obtained in accordance with the construction method of the present invention;
la Figura 4 Ã ̈ una vista in alzato laterale della mazza secondo il presente trovato; Figure 4 is a side elevation view of the club according to the present invention;
la Figura 5 à ̈ una vista d’estremità di detta mazza; e Figure 5 is an end view of said club; And
la Figura 6 Ã ̈ una vista prospettica della stessa. Facendo riferimento alla Figura 1 e 2, il metodo della presente invenzione per la costruzione di una mazza da baseball prevede le fasi di realizzare listelli di legno 10 presentanti fibre longitudinali e listelli 12 di legno presentanti fibre longitudinali o trasversali. Figure 6 is a perspective view of the same. With reference to Figures 1 and 2, the method of the present invention for the construction of a baseball bat involves the steps of making wooden strips 10 having longitudinal fibers and wooden strips 12 having longitudinal or transverse fibers.
I listelli 10 destinati a formare i settori interni, ad esempio 6 settori esterni 10a-10f, vengono lavorati in modo da presentare una sezione rastremata, ad esempio pressoché romboidale, mentre il listelli 12 destinati a formare i settori esterni, ad esempio 6 settori esterni 12a-12f, vengono lavorati in modo da presentare una sezione rastremata, ad esempio a trapezio isoscele o a triangolo isoscele. The strips 10 intended to form the internal sectors, for example 6 external sectors 10a-10f, are machined in such a way as to present a tapered section, for example almost rhomboidal, while the strips 12 intended to form the external sectors, for example 6 sectors 12a-12f, are machined in such a way as to present a tapered section, for example with an isosceles trapezoid or an isosceles triangle.
I settori interni presentano una smussatura ad arco di cerchio (14), il cui raggio corrisponde alla metà del diametro di un’anima 16, che può essere di legno, plastica, fibre di carbonio od altri materiali idonei eventualmente anche forati lungo il loro asse longitudinale. The internal sectors have an arc-shaped bevel (14), the radius of which corresponds to half the diameter of a core 16, which can be made of wood, plastic, carbon fibers or other suitable materials, possibly also drilled along their longitudinal axis.
Tale incavo 20, oltre ad avere lo scopo di predisporre l’area di alloggio dell’anima 16, ha anche lo scopo di correggere il possibile imperfetto allineamento degli apici interni dei listelli 10. This recess 20, in addition to having the purpose of preparing the housing area of the core 16, also has the purpose of correcting the possible imperfect alignment of the internal apexes of the strips 10.
Naturalmente il numero dei settori può variare a seconda delle esigenze o preferenze. Of course, the number of sectors can vary according to needs or preferences.
I listelli 10 e 12 possono essere dello stesso tipo di legno o di legni diversi purché i pesi dei vari listelli siano distribuiti in maniera tale che la mazza risulti alla fine ben bilanciata ed equilibrata. The strips 10 and 12 can be of the same type of wood or of different woods as long as the weights of the various strips are distributed in such a way that the club is in the end well balanced and balanced.
Dopo aver cosparso di adesivo opportuno, ad esempio colle viniliche, colle poliuretaniche, colle epossidiche e simili, le superfici che devono venire tra loro a contatto dei listelli interni 10 e dei listelli esterni 12, i vari listelli interni 10 vengono riuniti attorno all’anima cilindrica 16 e successivamente i listelli esterni 12 vengono cosparsi di adesivo e montati negli spazi liberi lasciati esternamente dai listelli interni 10; il blocco di tali listelli 10 e 12 viene poi stretto in un’apposita morsa che, esercitando una forza radiale dall’esterno verso l’interno sulle superficie esterna dei listelli esterni 12 provoca il compattamento del blocco di listelli che formano i settori 10 e 12 e la forzatura delle superfici dei vari listelli le une contro le altre e contro l’anima centrale 16. L’anima 16 può anche essere cava, anziché piena, per dare alla mazza da baseball una maggiore resistenza a flessione. After having sprinkled with suitable adhesive, for example vinyl glues, polyurethane glues, epoxy glues and the like, the surfaces that must come into contact with each other with the internal strips 10 and the external strips 12, the various internal strips 10 are brought together around the cylindrical core 16 and subsequently the external strips 12 are sprinkled with adhesive and mounted in the free spaces left externally by the internal strips 10; the block of these strips 10 and 12 is then tightened in a special vice which, by exerting a radial force from the outside towards the inside on the external surface of the external strips 12, causes the compacting of the block of strips that form the sectors 10 and 12 and the forcing of the surfaces of the various strips against each other and against the central core 16. Core 16 can also be hollow, rather than full, to give the baseball bat greater resistance to bending .
Come ultima fase di lavorazione si procede alla normale tornitura del blocco di listelli formanti la mazza per dare a quest’ultima la forma voluta; nella Figura 2 il cerchio 18 corrisponde alla massima dimensione della mazza in corrispondenza della sezione maggiore della parte battente (barrel) mentre il cerchio 20 corrisponde alla dimensione del manico. As the last stage of processing, the normal turning of the block of strips forming the club is carried out to give the latter the desired shape; in Figure 2 the circle 18 corresponds to the maximum size of the club in correspondence with the largest section of the striking part (barrel) while the circle 20 corresponds to the size of the handle.
In conformità all’invenzione, la mazza da baseball di legno può anche essere interamente o parzialmente rivestita da una guaina, tale guaina essendo formata da un tessuto intessuto, ottenuto intrecciando tra loro fili di ordito e di trama, oppure da un tessuto lavorato a maglia, realizzato con fibre particolarmente resistenti alla trazione, come ad esempio fibre poliammidiche, fibre a base di poliesteri, nylon, fibre a base di carbonio e altre. La guaina viene poi spalmata di vernice che, penetrando attraverso il tessuto della guaina, agisce da adesivo tra la guaina e il corpo della mazza da baseball. Questa possibile guaina serve ad impedire, per la sua azione di contenimento, che eventuali schegge di legno provocate dalla rottura della mazza possano essere scagliate verso i giocatori. In accordance with the invention, the wooden baseball bat can also be entirely or partially covered with a sheath, this sheath being formed by a woven fabric, obtained by intertwining warp and weft threads, or by a woven fabric. knit, made with fibers that are particularly resistant to traction, such as polyamide fibers, polyester-based fibers, nylon, carbon-based fibers and others. The sheath is then coated with varnish which, penetrating through the sheath fabric, acts as an adhesive between the sheath and the body of the baseball bat. This possible sheath serves to prevent, due to its containment action, that any splinters of wood caused by the breaking of the club can be thrown towards the players.
Resta inteso che, essendo stata qui descritta una forma di realizzazione esemplificativa ma non limitativa dell’invenzione, il presente trovato à ̈ suscettibile di numerose modifiche e varianti tutte rientranti nel concetto inventivo espresso nelle rivendicazioni allegate, mentre i dettagli tecnici potranno variare a seconda delle particolari esigenze e dello stato della tecnica. It is understood that, having been described herein an exemplary but not limiting embodiment of the invention, the present invention is susceptible of numerous modifications and variations, all falling within the inventive concept expressed in the attached claims, while the technical details may vary depending on the particular requirements and the state of the art.
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI2010A002285A IT1403100B1 (en) | 2010-12-14 | 2010-12-14 | METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION OF MAZZE DA BASEBALL COMPOSITE MORE RESISTANT, AND BASEBALL BALLS MADE WITH THIS METHOD |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI2010A002285A IT1403100B1 (en) | 2010-12-14 | 2010-12-14 | METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION OF MAZZE DA BASEBALL COMPOSITE MORE RESISTANT, AND BASEBALL BALLS MADE WITH THIS METHOD |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ITMI20102285A1 true ITMI20102285A1 (en) | 2012-06-15 |
| IT1403100B1 IT1403100B1 (en) | 2013-10-04 |
Family
ID=43736941
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI2010A002285A IT1403100B1 (en) | 2010-12-14 | 2010-12-14 | METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION OF MAZZE DA BASEBALL COMPOSITE MORE RESISTANT, AND BASEBALL BALLS MADE WITH THIS METHOD |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| IT (1) | IT1403100B1 (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US795815A (en) * | 1903-11-12 | 1905-08-01 | Absalom Burrows | Base-ball bat. |
| US2458919A (en) * | 1946-05-21 | 1949-01-11 | John E Marsden | Baseball bat |
| US6010417A (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 2000-01-04 | Young Bat Co., Inc. | Baseball bat |
| US6139451A (en) * | 1996-06-03 | 2000-10-31 | Hillerich & Bradsby Co. | Reinforced wood bat |
| US6334823B1 (en) * | 1997-01-28 | 2002-01-01 | Sam J. Holman | Laminate maple baseball construction |
| US20050059515A1 (en) * | 2003-09-17 | 2005-03-17 | Jung-Shih Chang | Combination bat for baseball |
-
2010
- 2010-12-14 IT ITMI2010A002285A patent/IT1403100B1/en active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US795815A (en) * | 1903-11-12 | 1905-08-01 | Absalom Burrows | Base-ball bat. |
| US2458919A (en) * | 1946-05-21 | 1949-01-11 | John E Marsden | Baseball bat |
| US6139451A (en) * | 1996-06-03 | 2000-10-31 | Hillerich & Bradsby Co. | Reinforced wood bat |
| US6334823B1 (en) * | 1997-01-28 | 2002-01-01 | Sam J. Holman | Laminate maple baseball construction |
| US6010417A (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 2000-01-04 | Young Bat Co., Inc. | Baseball bat |
| US20050059515A1 (en) * | 2003-09-17 | 2005-03-17 | Jung-Shih Chang | Combination bat for baseball |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1403100B1 (en) | 2013-10-04 |
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