ITMC20080135A1 - SYSTEM OF TREATMENT OF SLUDGE COMING FROM WASTEWATER AND ITS ENERGY EXPLOITATION FOR COGENERATION. - Google Patents

SYSTEM OF TREATMENT OF SLUDGE COMING FROM WASTEWATER AND ITS ENERGY EXPLOITATION FOR COGENERATION.

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Publication number
ITMC20080135A1
ITMC20080135A1 IT000135A ITMC20080135A ITMC20080135A1 IT MC20080135 A1 ITMC20080135 A1 IT MC20080135A1 IT 000135 A IT000135 A IT 000135A IT MC20080135 A ITMC20080135 A IT MC20080135A IT MC20080135 A1 ITMC20080135 A1 IT MC20080135A1
Authority
IT
Italy
Prior art keywords
sludge
turbine
plant
turbogenerator
biogas
Prior art date
Application number
IT000135A
Other languages
Italian (it)
Inventor
Gennaro Pieralisi
Original Assignee
Nuova Maip Macchine Agric
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nuova Maip Macchine Agric filed Critical Nuova Maip Macchine Agric
Priority to IT000135A priority Critical patent/ITMC20080135A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2009/059319 priority patent/WO2010010071A2/en
Publication of ITMC20080135A1 publication Critical patent/ITMC20080135A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
    • C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • C02F11/127—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering by centrifugation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M43/00—Combinations of bioreactors or fermenters with other apparatus
    • C12M43/08—Bioreactors or fermenters combined with devices or plants for production of electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
    • C12M45/02—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by mechanical forces; Stirring; Trituration; Comminuting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
    • C12M45/04—Phase separators; Separation of non fermentable material; Fractionation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
    • C12M47/14—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower, fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Description

DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION

a corredo di una domanda di brevetto per invenzione industriale avente per titolo: accompanying a patent application for an industrial invention entitled:

“SISTEMA DI TRATTAMENTO DEI FANGHI PROVENIENTI DA ACQUE REFLUE E SUO SFRUTTAMENTO ENERGETICO PER COGENERAZIONE ”. "SYSTEM OF TREATMENT OF SLUDGE COMING FROM WASTE WATER AND ITS ENERGY EXPLOITATION BY COGENERATION".

TESTO DELLA DESCRIZIONE TEXT OF THE DESCRIPTION

La presente domanda di brevetto per invenzione industriale ha per oggetto un impianto ed un procedimento per il trattamento dei fanghi provenienti dalle acque reflue da insediamenti civili. The present patent application for industrial invention relates to a plant and a process for the treatment of sludge coming from waste water from civil settlements.

Le acque reflue sono un effluente che è stato contaminato da sostanze organiche e/o inorganiche. Come è richiesto dalle vigenti norme ambientali, le acque reflue devono subire un particolare processo di trattamento in cui vengono rimosse le sostanze contaminanti, allo scopo di produrre un effluente chiarificato/depurato che possa essere reimmesso nell’ambiente ad esempio scaricato in fiumi, canali o direttamente in mare. Wastewater is an effluent that has been contaminated with organic and / or inorganic substances. As required by current environmental standards, wastewater must undergo a particular treatment process in which contaminants are removed, in order to produce a clarified / purified effluent that can be reintroduced into the environment, for example discharged into rivers, canals or directly into the sea.

Tale processo di trattamento delle acque reflue prevede un processo di sedimentazione naturale e agevolato per chiariflocculazione e un trattamento con fanghi attivi (biomassa attiva) che vengono mescolati all’acqua per interagire con i contaminanti e favorire i processi di depurazione naturale. I fanghi prodotti da ogni stadio di depurazione vengono separati dall’acqua in chiarificazione per sedimentazione fisica. I fanghi provenienti dall’impianto di trattamento dell’acqua reflua sono allo stato quasi liquido (concentrazione di prodotto secco circa 2%). This wastewater treatment process involves a natural and facilitated sedimentation process for clariflocculation and a treatment with activated sludge (active biomass) which are mixed with water to interact with contaminants and promote natural purification processes. The sludge produced by each purification stage is separated from the water in clarification by physical sedimentation. The sludge from the wastewater treatment plant is in an almost liquid state (dry product concentration about 2%).

Tali fanghi liquidi subiscono poi un trattamento di ispessimento per gravità agevolata (per aumentare la concentrazione di sostanza secca) e quindi una digestione (normalmente anaerobica) dalla quale scaturisce la formazione di gas (biogas composto essenzialmente da metano). Ne scaturisce un fango stabilizzato, più mineralizzato a scapito della parte organica trasformata in biogas. Ma ancora i fanghi non possono essere portati direttamente in discarica, poiché comporterebbero grossi problemi di percolato del liquido. Ma tali fanghi, ancora essenzialmente liquidi devono subire una disidratazione mediante mezzi meccanici idonei, normalmente un decantatore separatore centrifugo (detto più brevemente “decanter”), attraverso i quali si ottengono fanghi disidratati con una concentrazione di prodotto secco di circa il 25%. I fanghi disidratati possono quindi essere portati in discarica (o all’inceneritore). Such liquid sludge then undergoes a thickening treatment by facilitated gravity (to increase the concentration of dry matter) and then a digestion (normally anaerobic) from which the formation of gas (biogas essentially composed of methane) arises. The result is a stabilized mud, more mineralized to the detriment of the organic part transformed into biogas. But still the sludge cannot be taken directly to the landfill, as it would lead to major problems of leachate of the liquid. But these sludges, still essentially liquid, must undergo dehydration by suitable mechanical means, normally a centrifugal separator decanter (more briefly called "decanter"), through which dehydrated sludge with a concentration of dry product of about 25% is obtained. The dewatered sludge can then be taken to landfills (or to the incinerator).

Appare evidente che il processo di trattamento e smaltimento dei fanghi provenienti dalle acque reflue risulta alquanto costoso e ad altissimo impatto ambientale per la fase di smaltimento in discarica. Il costo dello smaltimento in discarica è collegato almeno proporzionalmente alle quantità di fango prodotto e portate in discarica. L’impatto ambientale della discarica è ovviamente connesso alla qualità del fango (il fango migliore è quello con una maggiore concentrazione di sostanza secca che produce meno liquido percolato). It is clear that the process of treating and disposing of sludge from waste water is quite expensive and has a very high environmental impact for the landfill disposal phase. The cost of landfilling is linked at least in proportion to the quantities of sludge produced and taken to the landfill. The environmental impact of the landfill is obviously related to the quality of the mud (the best mud is the one with a higher concentration of dry matter that produces less leachate).

Scopo della presente invenzione è di eliminare gli inconvenienti della tecnica nota, fornendo un sistema di trattamento dei fanghi provenienti da acque reflue che sia efficiente, efficace ed economico. The object of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the known art, providing an efficient, effective and economical treatment system for the sludge coming from waste water.

Altro scopo della presente invenzione è di sfruttare il sistema di trattamento dei fanghi provenienti da acque reflue a fini energetici, attraverso l’adozione di mezzi idonei alla cogenerazione di energia termica ed elettrica, entrambe che possono essere utilizzate per la gestione dell’impianto stesso. Resta inteso che in tal modo viene realizzato un risparmio di gestione, limitando essenzialemnte i consumi energetici da fonti esterne a situazioni particolari di marcia dell’impianto (fasi di avviamento e di punta). Another purpose of the present invention is to exploit the sludge treatment system from waste water for energy purposes, through the adoption of suitable means for the cogeneration of thermal and electrical energy, both of which can be used for the management of the plant itself. It is understood that in this way management savings are achieved, essentially limiting energy consumption from external sources to particular operating situations of the plant (start-up and peak phases).

Questi scopi sono raggiunti in accordo all’invenzione, con l’impianto ed il processo le cui caratteristiche sono elencate rispettivamente nelle annesse rivendicazioni indipendenti 1 e 6. These purposes are achieved in accordance with the invention, with the plant and the process whose characteristics are listed respectively in the attached independent claims 1 and 6.

Realizzazioni vantaggiose appaiono dalle rivendicazioni dipendenti. Advantageous embodiments appear from the dependent claims.

L’impianto di trattamento dei fanghi provenienti dalle acque reflue, secondo l’invenzione comprende: The treatment plant for sludge from waste water, according to the invention, includes:

- un impianto di trattamento delle acque reflue atto a separare fango liquido dalle acque reflue, in modo da ottenere in uscita acqua depurata da potere immettere nell’ambiente, e - una centrifuga di disidratazione atta a centrifugare detto fango liquido proveniente dall’impianto di trattamento delle acque reflue, fino ad ottenere un fango disidratato avente una concentrazione di prodotto solido di circa il 25%, caratterizzato dal fatto di comprendere - a waste water treatment plant designed to separate liquid sludge from waste water, so as to obtain purified water at the outlet to be able to enter the environment, and - a dewatering centrifuge designed to centrifuge said liquid sludge coming from the treatment plant of waste water, until a dehydrated sludge is obtained having a solid product concentration of about 25%, characterized by the fact that it comprises

- un digestore anaerobico, interposto tra l’impianto di trattamento delle acque reflue e la centrifuga, in cui viene immesso il fango liquido che subisce un processo di digestione anaerobica con produzione di biogas, e - an anaerobic digester, interposed between the wastewater treatment plant and the centrifuge, into which the liquid sludge is introduced which undergoes an anaerobic digestion process with the production of biogas, and

- un turbogeneratore comprendente una turbina in cui viene inviato e combusto il biogas prodotto dal digestore anaerobico, e un generatore collegato alla turbina per la produzione di energia elettrica che prioritariamente viene utilizzata sull’impianto stesso ed eventualmente venduta al gestore della rete elettrica. Appaiono evidenti i vantaggi del sistema di trattamento del fango proveniente da acque reflue secondo l’invenzione che consente di ottenere gradi risparmi sul sistema di smaltimento in discarica (o nell’inceneritore) del fango proveniente dalle acque reflue e nello stesso tempo consente di ottenere energia pulita da tale fango. - a turbogenerator comprising a turbine in which the biogas produced by the anaerobic digester is sent and burned, and a generator connected to the turbine for the production of electricity which is primarily used on the plant itself and possibly sold to the electricity grid operator. The advantages of the treatment system of the sludge coming from waste water according to the invention are evident, which allows to obtain great savings on the disposal system in landfill (or in the incinerator) of the sludge coming from the waste water and at the same time allows to obtain energy cleaned of such mud.

Ulteriori caratteristiche dell’invenzione appariranno più chiare dalla descrizione dettagliata che segue, riferita a una sua forma di realizzazione puramente esemplificativa e quindi non limitativa, illustrata nei disegni annessi, in cui: Further features of the invention will appear clearer from the detailed description that follows, referring to a purely exemplary and therefore non-limiting embodiment, illustrated in the attached drawings, in which:

la Fig. 1 è uno schema a blocchi dell’impianto di trattamento delle acque reflue e del fango proveniente da dette acque reflue secondo l’invenzione; e Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the wastewater treatment plant and the sludge coming from said wastewater according to the invention; And

la Fig. 2 è uno schema di flusso idraulico ed elettrico dell’impianto di trattamento delle acque reflue e del fango prodotto secondo l’invenzione. Fig. 2 is a hydraulic and electrical flow diagram of the wastewater and sludge treatment plant produced according to the invention.

Con l’ausilio delle figure viene descritto l’impianto di trattamento delle acque reflue e del fango prodotto secondo l’invenzione, indicato complessivamente con il numero di riferimento (1). With the aid of the figures, the wastewater and sludge treatment plant produced according to the invention is described, indicated as a whole with the reference number (1).

L’impianto (1) comprende un impianto di depurazione (2) delle acque reflue. L’impianto di depurazione (2) comprende un impianto (3) di trattamento delle acque reflue di per sé noto, atto ad operare una separazione del fango liquido dalle acque reflue, in modo da ottenere in uscita acqua depurata che può essere immessa nell’ambiente. The plant (1) includes a waste water purification plant (2). The purification plant (2) comprises a wastewater treatment plant (3) known per se, capable of separating the liquid sludge from the wastewater, so as to obtain purified water at the outlet which can be introduced into the environment.

Pertanto nell’impianto (3) di trattamento delle acque reflue entrano le acque reflue (10) ed escono acqua depurata (11) che viene immessa nell’ambiente e fanghi liquidi (20) con una concentrazione di materiale secco di circa il 2%. Therefore, in the wastewater treatment plant (3), the wastewater (10) enters and purified water (11) comes out, which is introduced into the environment and liquid sludge (20) with a concentration of dry material of about 2%.

I fanghi liquidi (20) sono inviati ad un ispessitore dinamico (4) che è un bacino a pianta circolare dotato di ponte raschiatore che effettua la concentrazione per gravità del fango, in modo da ridurre il volume di fango. The liquid sludge (20) is sent to a dynamic thickener (4) which is a circular basin equipped with a scraper bridge which concentrates the sludge by gravity, in order to reduce the volume of sludge.

Quindi i fanghi liquidi uscenti dall’ispessitore (4) sono inviati ad un digestore anaerobico (5) in cui subiscono un processo di conversione biochimico, in assenza di ossigeno, consistente nella demolizione, ad opera di microorganismi, di sostanze organiche complesse (lipidi, protidi, glucidi) contenute nei vegetali e nei sottoprodotti di origine animale presenti nei fanghi liquidi (20). Tale processo anaerobico favorisce la produzione di biogas (30) costituito generalmente per il 50 – 70 % di metano e per la restante parte di CO2ed altri componenti. Then the liquid sludge exiting the thickener (4) is sent to an anaerobic digester (5) in which they undergo a biochemical conversion process, in the absence of oxygen, consisting in the demolition, by microorganisms, of complex organic substances (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates) contained in plants and animal by-products present in liquid sludge (20). This anaerobic process favors the production of biogas (30) generally consisting of 50 - 70% methane and the remaining part of CO2 and other components.

Quindi il fango liquido (21) uscente dal digestore anaerobico (5) viene inviato ad una centrifuga di disidratazione (6) che separa il fango così disidratato dall’acqua. L’acqua di centrifuga (12) viene riimmessa in circolo nell’impianto trattamento (3) delle acque reflue. Then the liquid sludge (21) coming out of the anaerobic digester (5) is sent to a dehydration centrifuge (6) which separates the sludge thus dehydrated from the water. The centrifuge water (12) is reintroduced into the circulation in the wastewater treatment plant (3).

Dalla centrifuga (6) esce fango disidratato (22) che contiene una concentrazione di prodotto secco di circa il 25%. Il fango disidratato (22) viene inviato ad un essiccatore (7) entro il quale va a contatto con un flusso di aria calda (e fumi) che fa evaporare buona parte dell’acqua contenuta nel fango disidratato (22). Il flusso di aria calda (e fumi) dell’essiccatore viene ottenuto mediante bruciatori che devono essere alimentati con combustibile (80), quale ad esempio metano. Come risultato, dall’essiccatore (7) esce acqua evaporata (70) e fango essiccato (23) con una concentrazione di prodotto secco di circa il 90%. From the centrifuge (6) comes out dehydrated sludge (22) which contains a concentration of dry product of about 25%. The dehydrated sludge (22) is sent to a dryer (7) within which it comes into contact with a flow of hot air (and fumes) which evaporates much of the water contained in the dehydrated sludge (22). The flow of hot air (and fumes) of the dryer is obtained by means of burners that must be fed with fuel (80), such as methane. As a result, evaporated water (70) and dried mud (23) come out of the dryer (7) with a dry product concentration of about 90%.

Il fango essiccato (23) può essere portato in discarica, con un costo di smaltimento notevolmente inferiore rispetto al fango disidratato (22) uscente dalla centrifuga (6). The dried sludge (23) can be taken to landfills, with a considerably lower disposal cost compared to the dewatered sludge (22) coming out of the centrifuge (6).

Il biogas (30) uscente dal digestore anaerobico (5) viene inviato ad un turbogeneratore (8) provvisto di un motore a gas, ovvero una turbina (T) collegata ad un generatore (G) per la produzione di energia elettrica (40). L’energia elettrica (40) prodotta dal turbogeneratore (8) può essere utilizzata per alimentare elettricamente l’impianto di trattamento (1) e/o può essere venduta al gestore della rete elettrica. A tale scopo, l’energia elettrica (40) uscente dal turbogeneratore (8) viene alimentata in due linee: una prima linea (41) collegata all’impianto di depurazione (2) ed una seconda linea (42) collegata all’essiccatore (7) . The biogas (30) leaving the anaerobic digester (5) is sent to a turbogenerator (8) equipped with a gas engine, that is a turbine (T) connected to a generator (G) for the production of electricity (40). The electricity (40) produced by the turbogenerator (8) can be used to electrically power the treatment plant (1) and / or can be sold to the electricity grid operator. For this purpose, the electricity (40) coming out of the turbogenerator (8) is fed into two lines: a first line (41) connected to the purification plant (2) and a second line (42) connected to the dryer ( 7).

Bisogna considerare inoltre che la turbina (T) deve essere raffreddata, e quindi, mediante un impianto di raffreddamento ad acqua, produce acqua calda. Invece il digestore anaerobico (5) deve essere riscaldato mediante uno scambiatore di calore (S) per ottenere e migliorare le sue prestazioni. It must also be considered that the turbine (T) must be cooled, and therefore, by means of a water cooling system, it produces hot water. Instead the anaerobic digester (5) must be heated by means of a heat exchanger (S) to obtain and improve its performance.

Pertanto, l’acqua calda (51) uscente dalla turbina (T) viene inviata allo scambiatore di calore (S) previsto nel digestore anaerobico (5). L’acqua fredda (52) uscente dallo scambiatore (S) viene riimmessa in circolo nella turbina (T) per il raffreddamento della turbina. Therefore, the hot water (51) coming out of the turbine (T) is sent to the heat exchanger (S) provided in the anaerobic digester (5). The cold water (52) coming out of the exchanger (S) is reintroduced into the turbine (T) for cooling the turbine.

Inoltre bisogna considerare che dalla turbina (T) fuoriescono gas caldi di scarico (60) e gas caldi di lavaggio (61). Tali gas caldi (60, 61) provenienti dalla turbina (T) vengono convogliati in un condotto ed inviati all’essiccatore (7) per unirsi al flusso di aria calda (e fumi) prodotti dall’essiccatore (7), in modo da favorire il processo di essicazione del fango, con un risparmio del combustibile (80) richiesto dai bruciatori dell’essiccatore. Furthermore, it must be considered that hot exhaust gases (60) and hot scrubbing gases (61) come out of the turbine (T). These hot gases (60, 61) coming from the turbine (T) are conveyed in a duct and sent to the dryer (7) to join the flow of hot air (and fumes) produced by the dryer (7), in order to favor the sludge drying process, with fuel savings (80) required by the burners of the dryer.

L’impianto (1) di trattamento delle acque reflue e dei fanghi prodotti secondo l’invenzione può essere utilizzato per la depurazione delle acque reflue municipali. A titolo esemplificativo ed approssimativo, nel caso di acque reflue prodotte da un centro urbano di 50.000 abitanti, il digestore anaerobico (5) produce 96 Nm<3>/h di biogas con una potenza di 575000 kcal/h e quindi il turbo generatore (8) produce 200 kWh/h di energia elettrica. The wastewater and sludge treatment plant (1) produced according to the invention can be used for the purification of municipal wastewater. By way of an approximate example, in the case of wastewater produced by an urban center of 50,000 inhabitants, the anaerobic digester (5) produces 96 Nm <3> / h of biogas with a power of 575000 kcal / h and therefore the turbo generator (8 ) produces 200 kWh / h of electricity.

L’impianto di depurazione (2) consuma 220 kWh/h e l’essiccatore (7) consuma 20 kWh/h. Quindi l’energia elettrica prodotta dal turbogeneratore può essere interamente utilizzata per alimentare l’impianto di trattamento (1) prelevando dalla rete elettrica solo 40 kWh/h. In ogni caso si ha il grande risparmio di ottenere un fango essiccato con il 90% di prodotto secco. The purification plant (2) consumes 220 kWh / h and the dryer (7) consumes 20 kWh / h. Therefore, the electricity produced by the turbogenerator can be used entirely to power the treatment plant (1) by drawing only 40 kWh / h from the electricity grid. In any case there is the great saving of obtaining a dried mud with 90% of dry product.

Inoltre, bisogna considerare che i 200 kWh/h prodotti dal turbogeneratore (8) sono classificati come energia pulita (cosiddetta “verde”), poiché non provengono dalla combustione di idrocarburi, conseguentemente tale energia pulita è soggetta ad un contributo integrativo erogato dalle autorità governative attraverso il gestore della rete elettrica. Furthermore, it must be considered that the 200 kWh / h produced by the turbogenerator (8) are classified as clean energy (so-called "green"), since they do not come from the combustion of hydrocarbons, consequently this clean energy is subject to a supplementary contribution paid by the government authorities through the electricity grid operator.

Alla presente forma di realizzazione dell’invenzione possono essere apportate numerose variazioni e modifiche di dettaglio, alla portata di un tecnico del ramo, rientranti comunque entro l’ambito dell’invenzione espresso dalle rivendicazioni annesse. Numerous variations and modifications of detail can be made to the present embodiment of the invention, within the reach of a person skilled in the art, however falling within the scope of the invention expressed by the attached claims.

Claims (10)

RIVENDICAZIONI 1) Impianto (1) di trattamento delle acque e dei fanghi provenienti dalle stesse acque reflue, comprendente: - un impianto (3) di trattamento delle acque reflue atto a separare fango liquido dalle acque reflue (10), in modo da ottenere in uscita acqua depurata (11) da potere immettere nell’ambiente, e - mezzi di disidratazione, in particolare un decantatore centrifugo di disidratazione o decanter (6) atti a centrifugare detto fango liquido (20) proveniente dall’impianto di trattamento delle acque reflue, fino ad ottenere un fango disidratato (22) avente una concentrazione di prodotto solido di circa il 25%, caratterizzato dal fatto di comprendere - un digestore anaerobico (5), interposto tra l’impianto (3) di trattamento delle acque reflue e la centrifuga (6), in cui viene immesso il fango liquido (20) entro il quale subisce un processo anaerobico di produzione di biogas (30), e - un turbogeneratore (8) comprendente un motore a gas o una turbina (T) che viene alimentata con il biogas (30) prodotto dal digestore anaerobico (5), e un generatore (G) collegato alla turbina (T) per la produzione di energia elettrica (40) che può essere venduta al gestore della rete elettrica, o utilizzata per l’alimentazione elettrica dell’impianto di trattamento (1). CLAIMS 1) Water and sludge treatment plant (1) from the same waste water, comprising: - a wastewater treatment plant (3) designed to separate liquid sludge from wastewater (10), in order to obtain purified water (11) at the outlet to be released into the environment, and - dewatering means, in particular a centrifugal dehydration decanter or decanter (6) suitable for centrifuging said liquid sludge (20) coming from the waste water treatment plant, until a dehydrated sludge (22) having a product concentration solid about 25%, characterized by the fact of understanding - an anaerobic digester (5), placed between the waste water treatment plant (3) and the centrifuge (6), into which the liquid sludge (20) is introduced into which it undergoes an anaerobic process of biogas production ( 30), and - a turbogenerator (8) comprising a gas engine or a turbine (T) which is fed with the biogas (30) produced by the anaerobic digester (5), and a generator (G) connected to the turbine (T) for the production of electricity (40) which can be sold to the electricity grid operator, or used for the electricity supply of the treatment plant (1). 2) Impianto (1) secondo la rivendicazione 1, caratterizzato dal fatto che detto digestore anaerobico (5) comprende uno scambiatore di calore (S) atto ad aumentare la temperatura all’interno del digestore (5) per favorire il processo anaerobico di produzione di biogas dal fango liquido. 2) Plant (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said anaerobic digester (5) comprises a heat exchanger (S) able to increase the temperature inside the digester (5) to favor the anaerobic process of production of biogas from liquid sludge. 3) Impianto (1) secondo la rivendicazione 2, caratterizzato dal fatto che detto scambiatore di calore (S) del digestore anaerobico (5) è collegato ad un impianto idraulico di raffreddamento della turbina (T) del turbogeneratore (8) in modo che l’acqua calda (51) proveniente dalla turbina (T) venga inviata allo scambiatore di calore (S) del digestore anaerobico (5). 3) Plant (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that said heat exchanger (S) of the anaerobic digester (5) is connected to a hydraulic cooling system of the turbine (T) of the turbogenerator (8) so that the hot water (51) coming from the turbine (T) is sent to the heat exchanger (S) of the anaerobic digester (5). 4) Impianto (1) secondo una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni precedenti, caratterizzato dal fatto di comprendere inoltre un essiccatore (7), disposto a valle di detta centrifuga (6), in cui viene inviato il fango disidratato (22) proveniente da detta centrifuga (6) che va a contatto con un flusso di aria calda e fumi prodotti dall’essiccatore in modo da ottenere un fango essiccato (23) avente una concentrazione di prodotto secco di circa il 90%. 4) Plant (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a dryer (7), arranged downstream of said centrifuge (6), into which the dewatered sludge (22) coming from said centrifuge ( 6) which comes into contact with a flow of hot air and fumes produced by the dryer so as to obtain a dried sludge (23) having a dry product concentration of about 90%. 5) Impianto (1) secondo la rivendicazione 4, caratterizzato dal fatto che i gas caldi (60, 61) provenienti da detta turbina (T) del turbogeneratore sono convogliati in un condotto collegato all’essiccatore (7) per essere immessi nell’essiccatore assieme all’aria calda e fumi prodotti dalla camera di combustione dell’essiccatore, allo scopo di favorire il processo di essicazione del fango. 5) Plant (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the hot gases (60, 61) coming from said turbine (T) of the turbogenerator are conveyed into a duct connected to the dryer (7) to be introduced into the dryer together with the hot air and fumes produced by the combustion chamber of the dryer, in order to favor the drying process of the mud. 6) Procedimento di trattamento del fango proveniente dalle acque reflue, comprendente i seguenti passi: - separazione di fango liquido (20) dalle acque reflue (10), in modo da ottenere acqua depurata (11) da potere immettere nell’ambiente, e - disidratazione, in particolare mediante centrifuga, di detto fango liquido (20) fino ad ottenere un fango disidratato (22) avente una concentrazione di sostanza secca di circa il 25%, caratterizzato dal fatto di comprendere inoltre i passi di - digestione anaerobica del fango liquido (20), prima della centrifuga, in modo da produrre biogas (30), e - alimentazione del biogas (30) in un turbogeneratore (8) comprendente un motore a gas o una turbina (T) e un generatore (G) collegato alla turbina (T) per la produzione di energia elettrica (40) che può essere venduta al gestore della rete elettrica, o utilizzata per l’alimentazione elettrica dell’impianto (1) di trattamento del fango. 6) Process for the treatment of sludge from waste water, including the following steps: - separation of liquid sludge (20) from waste water (10), in order to obtain purified water (11) to be released into the environment, and - dewatering, in particular by centrifugation, of said liquid sludge (20) until a dehydrated sludge (22) having a dry matter concentration of about 25% is obtained, characterized in that it also includes the steps of - anaerobic digestion of the liquid sludge (20), before the centrifuge, in order to produce biogas (30), and - feeding the biogas (30) into a turbogenerator (8) comprising a gas engine or a turbine (T) and a generator (G) connected to the turbine (T) for the production of electricity (40) which can be sold to manager of the electrical network, or used for the electrical supply of the sludge treatment plant (1). 7) Procedimento secondo la rivendicazione 6, caratterizzato dal fatto di comprendere il trasferimento di calore al fango liquido (20) durante il processo anaerobico per favorire la produzione di biogas. 7) Process according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises the transfer of heat to the liquid sludge (20) during the anaerobic process to favor the production of biogas. 8) Procedimento secondo la rivendicazione 7, caratterizzato dal fatto che detto calore fornito al processo di digestione anerobica è prelevato dall’impianto di raffreddamento della turbina (T) del turbogeneratore (8). 8) Process according to claim 7, characterized in that said heat supplied to the anerobic digestion process is taken from the cooling system of the turbine (T) of the turbogenerator (8). 9) Procedimento secondo una qualsiasi delle rivendicazioni da 6 a 9, caratterizzato dal fatto di comprendere inoltre uno stadio di essicazione del fango disidratato (22), mediante contatto con un flusso di aria calda e fumi, dopo detto stadio di disidratazione, in modo da ottenere un fango essiccato (23) avente una concentrazione di sostanza secca di circa il 90%. 9) Process according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that it further comprises a drying stage of the dehydrated sludge (22), by contact with a flow of hot air and fumes, after said dehydration stage, so as to obtaining a dried sludge (23) having a dry matter concentration of about 90%. 10) Procedimento secondo la rivendicazione 9, caratterizzato dal fatto che i gas caldi (60, 61) provenienti da detta turbina (T) del turbogeneratore (8) sono mescolati con detto flusso di aria calda che va a contatto con il fango per favorire il processo di essicazione del fango.10) Process according to claim 9, characterized in that the hot gases (60, 61) coming from said turbine (T) of the turbogenerator (8) are mixed with said flow of hot air which comes into contact with the mud to favor the mud drying process.
IT000135A 2008-07-22 2008-07-22 SYSTEM OF TREATMENT OF SLUDGE COMING FROM WASTEWATER AND ITS ENERGY EXPLOITATION FOR COGENERATION. ITMC20080135A1 (en)

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