ITCT20090002A1 - REFOLO: NEW INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OF AUTOMOTIVE FLUFF, AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES AND UNBELIEVABLE WASTE TO URBANS. - Google Patents
REFOLO: NEW INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OF AUTOMOTIVE FLUFF, AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES AND UNBELIEVABLE WASTE TO URBANS. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ITCT20090002A1 ITCT20090002A1 IT000002A ITCT20090002A ITCT20090002A1 IT CT20090002 A1 ITCT20090002 A1 IT CT20090002A1 IT 000002 A IT000002 A IT 000002A IT CT20090002 A ITCT20090002 A IT CT20090002A IT CT20090002 A1 ITCT20090002 A1 IT CT20090002A1
- Authority
- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- waste
- mill
- refolo
- heavy
- axis
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Fe].[Fe] YOBAEOGBNPPUQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010812 mixed waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Guiding Agricultural Machines (AREA)
Description
Descrizione Description
REFOLO: NUOVO SISTEMA INDUSTRIALE PER IL TRATTAMENTO E RECUPERO DI FLUFF AUTOMOBILISTICO, RESIDUI AGRICOLI E RIFIUTI URBANI REFOLO: NEW INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OF AUTOMOTIVE FLUFF, AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES AND URBAN WASTE
REFOLO à ̈ un nuovo processo di trattamento per rifiuti di vario tipo, finalizzato all'ottenimento dì combustibili di elevata qualità ed omogeneità , adatti ad una varietà di utilizzatori. In letteratura sono noti molti processi industriali che fanno uso di macchine dì micronizzazione (1,2,3) o di sistemi di frantumazione o tritovagliatura (4, 5, 6) per la riduzione dimensionale del rifiuto. I sistemi di micronizzazione soffrono più o meno tutti della ridotta capacità di trattamento dovuta alla scarsa capacità di lavorare in continuo, mentre i sistemi di tritovagliatura raramente raggiungono dimensioni sub millimetriche, L’idea di sfruttare la riduzione dimensionale per trattare il rifiuto urbano o l’assimilabile nasce una trentina di anni fa, inizialmente dettata dalla necessità di aumentare il peso per unità di volume e quindi sfruttare meglio le discariche esistenti. Successivamente studi di meccanochimica hanno dimostrato che un'azione meccanica potente può modificare la composizione chimica del rifiuto, fargli perdere acqua e ridurre la carica batterica ai minimi termini (7). Il miglioramento che può essere apportato dall’azione meccanica energica sui rifiuti misti à ̈ di quattro tipi: REFOLO is a new treatment process for various types of waste, aimed at obtaining high quality and homogeneous fuels, suitable for a variety of users. In the literature, many industrial processes are known that make use of micronizing machines (1,2,3) or of crushing or shredding systems (4, 5, 6) for the size reduction of the waste. The micronization systems more or less all suffer from the reduced treatment capacity due to the poor ability to work continuously, while the tablecloth systems rarely reach sub millimeter dimensions. The idea of exploiting the size reduction to treat urban waste or € ™ comparable was born about thirty years ago, initially dictated by the need to increase the weight per unit of volume and therefore make better use of existing landfills. Subsequently, mechanochemical studies have shown that a powerful mechanical action can modify the chemical composition of the waste, make it lose water and reduce the bacterial load to a minimum (7). The improvement that can be brought about by the energetic mechanical action on mixed waste is of four types:
1. riduzione del contenuto d’acqua, per effetto della sua espulsione in minuscole gocce (nebbia) 1. reduction of the water content, due to its expulsion in tiny drops (fog)
2. eliminazione della carica batterica, per effetto della forte pressione orientata che distrugge le cellule batteriche e gli organismi più organizzati (nessun oggetto vivente resiste ad elevate pressioni non isostatiche) 2. elimination of the bacterial load, due to the strong oriented pressure that destroys the bacterial cells and the most organized organisms (no living object resists high non-isostatic pressures)
3.disaggregazione delle strutture polimeriche, dalla cellulosa alle plastiche, fino a demolirne la struttura cristallina e a rompere legami solidi come tra il carbonio e gli alogeni 3.disaggregation of polymeric structures, from cellulose to plastics, up to demolish their crystalline structure and break solid bonds such as between carbon and halogens
4.aumento del potere calorifico del prodotto finale per effetto della maggiore comminuzione e aumento della superficie specìfica 4.increase in the calorific value of the final product due to the greater comminution and increase in the specific surface
Descrizione del mulino REFOLO REFOLO mill description
Il processo REFOLO rispetto agli altri già esistenti sfrutta un nuovo concetto di comminuzione basato sull’azione contemporanea di attrito e urto, realizzato mediante un mulino attrito re di nuova concezione (figure 1, 2). Il mulino à ̈ costituito da un cilindro di acciaio, al centro dei quale à ̈ posto un asse che supporta diverse palette in acciaio rivestito. Le palette sono rivestite in vario modo; le palette più in basso nel cilindro sono rivestite di materiali elastomerici (gomme), dato che il loro scopo à ̈ di accelerare il movimento delle sfere, mentre le palette più in alto nel cilindro sono rivestite di corazze resistenti agli urti, che possono essere realizzate in materiali duri (ad esempio hardox) o semplicemente ricoperti da corazze in acciaio temprato. L’inclinazione delle palette à ̈ tale da favorire la turbolenza del materiale all'interno del cilindro; le palette superiori sono inclinate con il lato discendente rivolto al senso di rotazione, in modo da creare una deportanza e sollevare la polvere che si viene a creare dalla macinazione. Le palette che sono poste ai livelli intermedi sono invece verticali, quindi neutre dal punto di vista della portanza, mentre le palette poste più in basso sono inclinate con il lato discendente dalla parte opposta rispetto alla direzione di rotazione per creare una portanza tale da mantenere il materiale ancora da macinare sulla parte bassa del sistema. L’albero viene fatto ruotare a velocità molto elevata, da 100 a 2000 giri/min. All’interno del cilindro à ̈ presente una massa di sferette di acciaio da 2 a 100 g di peso cadauna. Tali sfere di acciaio hanno peso ridondante rispetto al materiale da macinare e vengono accellerate a velocità superiori ai 10 m/s dalle palette in rotazione e scagliate con forza verso la superfice della giara. Il materiale che viene a trovarsi sulla traiettoria delle sfere o sulla superficie della giara subisce una serie di urti e di attriti che lo delaminano, ne riducono la dimensione media e lo disaggregano. Il cilindro ha sulla sua superficie una serie di fori calibrati per la fuoriuscita del materiale. Dai fori più in alto fuoriesce la polvere più leggera, mentre dai fori più in basso esce il materiale più pesante. Questo principio permette di separare tra loro le frazioni più pesanti (plastiche pesanti, come il PVC, i metalli, il vetro, da quelle più leggere, come le cellulose e le plastiche in foglia). The REFOLO process, compared to the others already existing, exploits a new concept of comminution based on the simultaneous action of friction and impact, created by means of a newly conceived friction mill (figures 1, 2). The mill is made up of a steel cylinder, in the center of which there is an axis that supports several coated steel blades. The vanes are coated in various ways; the blades further down in the cylinder are coated with elastomeric materials (rubbers), as their purpose is to accelerate the movement of the balls, while the blades further up in the cylinder are coated with impact resistant armor, which can be made in hard materials (eg hardox) or simply covered with hardened steel armor. The inclination of the blades is such as to favor the turbulence of the material inside the cylinder; the upper vanes are inclined with the descending side facing the direction of rotation, in order to create a downforce and raise the dust that is created by the grinding. The vanes that are placed at the intermediate levels are instead vertical, therefore neutral from the point of view of lift, while the vanes placed further down are inclined with the descending side on the opposite side with respect to the direction of rotation to create a lift such as to maintain the material still to be ground on the lower part of the system. The shaft is rotated at very high speed, from 100 to 2000 rpm. Inside the cylinder there is a mass of steel balls from 2 to 100 g each. These steel balls have a redundant weight compared to the material to be ground and are accelerated to speeds exceeding 10 m / s by the rotating blades and thrown with force towards the surface of the jar. The material that comes to be on the trajectory of the spheres or on the surface of the jar undergoes a series of shocks and frictions that delaminate it, reduce its average size and disaggregate it. The cylinder has on its surface a series of calibrated holes for the outflow of the material. The lighter dust comes out of the higher holes, while the heavier material comes out of the lower holes. This principle makes it possible to separate the heavier fractions (heavy plastics, such as PVC, metals, glass, from lighter ones, such as cellulose and leaf plastics) from one another.
Il mulino così realizzato à ̈ alimentato da una tramoggia posta nella parte superiore, mentre l’estrazione delle polveri avviene mediante aspirazione pneumatica. Le polveri vengono raccolte da un ciclone e l'aria filtrata per mezzo dei consueti sistemi di filtrazione a maniche. The mill thus created is fed by a hopper placed in the upper part, while the dust extraction takes place by means of pneumatic suction. The dust is collected by a cyclone and the air is filtered by means of the usual bag filtration systems.
Descrizione dell'impianto REFOLO REFOLO implant description
L’impianto REFOLO prevede come componenti essenziali (figura 3): The REFOLO system includes as essential components (figure 3):
- un separatore dei metalli ferrosi grossolani - a separator of coarse ferrous metals
- uno o più trituratori primari a lame, a pioli, a martelli o a cono per produrre una pezzatura da 1 a 3 cm - one or more primary shredders with blades, pegs, hammers or cones to produce a size from 1 to 3 cm
- uno o più mulini attritori REFOLO - one or more REFOLO attrition mills
- un sistema di aspirazione pneumatica e relativo ciclone di abbattimento e raccolta polveri - a pneumatic suction system and relative cyclone for the abatement and collection of dust
Completano il sistema i necessari elevatori a nastro e coclee. A valle del sistema di raccolta delle polveri possiamo avere: The system is completed by the necessary belt elevators and augers. Downstream of the dust collection system we can have:
- uno o più vagli per la selezione dimensionale del prodotto finale - one or more screens for the dimensional selection of the final product
- una o più tavole a scossa per la separazione delle componenti pesanti dai leggeri. Il mulino REFOLO scarica la frazione pesante, che può essere ulteriormente raffinata per mezzo di una tavola a scosse o mandata ad un separatore per correnti parassite per arricchire la frazione metallica non ferrosa e ad un magnete overbelt per arricchire la frazione ferrosa. - one or more shaking boards for the separation of heavy from light components. The REFOLO mill discharges the heavy fraction, which can be further refined by means of a shaking table or sent to an eddy current separator to enrich the non-ferrous metal fraction and to an overbelt magnet to enrich the ferrous fraction.
Additivi per macinazione Additives for grinding
Additivi a base di ossidi di ferro possono rivelarsi utili nella macinazione di materiali cellulosici, in particolare residui agricoli, fibre e tessuti. In particolare si vuole rivendicare l’ideazione di un additivo basato su a-Fe03 (ematite), o sesquiossido di ferro , che permette di migliorare la disgregazione delle fibre cellulosiche durante la macinazione. Tale effetto deriva, probabilmente, dall’azione chimica dell’ossido di ferro sul carbonio legato, secondo una formula del tipo: Iron oxide additives may prove useful in the grinding of cellulosic materials, especially agricultural residues, fibers and fabrics. In particular, we want to claim the design of an additive based on a-Fe03 (hematite), or iron sesquioxide, which allows to improve the disintegration of cellulosic fibers during grinding. This effect probably derives from the chemical action of the iron oxide on the bonded carbon, according to a formula such as:
Fe203 2C -> 2Fe CO C02 Fe203 2C -> 2Fe CO C02
Questa reazione à ̈ endotermica ed à ̈ analoga a quella usata per ridurre l’ossido di ferro a ferro metallico nelle acciaierie, usando il carbone. L’energia necessaria à ̈ in questo caso fornita non per via termica ma per via meccanica. In questa formula si osserva che, dal punto di vista teorico, basterebbe usare una quantità di ossido di ferro pari alla metà del carbonio presente per ottenerne una totale gassificazione. D’altra parte, non à ̈ neil’interesse di chi rivendica questa invenzione di gassificare totalmente il carbonio presente; risulta invece utile rompere solo i legami interfibre e quindi aumentare la macinabilìtà delle fibre di cellulosa e organiche in genere. Tali legami sono, per una cellulosa classica, i legami che uniscono in modo tridimensionale le fibre di cellulosa, il che corrisponde ad un 1-5 % dell’intera massa di legami del carbonio presenti. Pertanto, la presenza dello 0.5 - 2.5 % di ossido di ferro à ̈ sufficiente a ridurre fortemente la quantità di fibre legate e a favorire la macinazione del materiale. This reaction is endothermic and is similar to that used to reduce iron oxide to metallic iron in steel mills, using coal. In this case, the necessary energy is supplied not thermally but mechanically. In this formula it is observed that, from the theoretical point of view, it would be enough to use a quantity of iron oxide equal to half of the carbon present to obtain a total gasification. On the other hand, it is not in the interest of those who claim this invention to totally gasify the carbon present; it is instead useful to break only the inter-fiber bonds and therefore to increase the grindability of the cellulose and organic fibers in general. These bonds are, for a classic cellulose, the bonds that unite the cellulose fibers in a three-dimensional way, which corresponds to 1-5% of the entire mass of carbon bonds present. Therefore, the presence of 0.5 - 2.5% of iron oxide is sufficient to strongly reduce the quantity of bound fibers and to favor the grinding of the material.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITCT2009A000002A IT1392642B1 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2009-01-23 | REFOLO: NEW INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OF AUTOMOTIVE FLUFF, AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES AND UNBEATABLE WASTE TO URBANS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITCT2009A000002A IT1392642B1 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2009-01-23 | REFOLO: NEW INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OF AUTOMOTIVE FLUFF, AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES AND UNBEATABLE WASTE TO URBANS. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ITCT20090002A1 true ITCT20090002A1 (en) | 2010-07-24 |
IT1392642B1 IT1392642B1 (en) | 2012-03-16 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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ITCT2009A000002A IT1392642B1 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2009-01-23 | REFOLO: NEW INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT AND RECOVERY OF AUTOMOTIVE FLUFF, AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES AND UNBEATABLE WASTE TO URBANS. |
Country Status (1)
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IT (1) | IT1392642B1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4245999A (en) * | 1978-08-25 | 1981-01-20 | Kenneth S. Safe, Jr. | Method and apparatus for obtaining low ash content refuse fuel, paper and plastic products from municipal solid waste and said products |
US4305727A (en) * | 1979-07-30 | 1981-12-15 | Occidental Research Corporation | Use of an organic acid as an embrittling agent for waste |
EP0801168A1 (en) * | 1996-04-09 | 1997-10-15 | Ein Engineering Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for recycling laminated film |
DE19809400C1 (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 1999-07-08 | A & B Wirtschaftsdienst Dallin | Mixed organic waste disposal by conversion to solid and gaseous fuels |
-
2009
- 2009-01-23 IT ITCT2009A000002A patent/IT1392642B1/en active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4245999A (en) * | 1978-08-25 | 1981-01-20 | Kenneth S. Safe, Jr. | Method and apparatus for obtaining low ash content refuse fuel, paper and plastic products from municipal solid waste and said products |
US4305727A (en) * | 1979-07-30 | 1981-12-15 | Occidental Research Corporation | Use of an organic acid as an embrittling agent for waste |
EP0801168A1 (en) * | 1996-04-09 | 1997-10-15 | Ein Engineering Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for recycling laminated film |
DE19809400C1 (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 1999-07-08 | A & B Wirtschaftsdienst Dallin | Mixed organic waste disposal by conversion to solid and gaseous fuels |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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IT1392642B1 (en) | 2012-03-16 |
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