ITBG20080062A1 - DYNAMIC TAIL JOINT. - Google Patents

Description

1. DESCRIPTION

invention having for TÌTOLO:

"DYNAMIC TAIL JOINT",

The invention is intended for the exploitation of dynamic alternative environmental energies. In particular, it would like to be an improvement for wind energy.

In the vast majority of cases, the energy of the wind today is captured with horizontal axis rotating blades. Given the variability of the wind and the rigidity of the synchronism of the electrical network to which the generators are connected, an adaptation is necessary that follows the diagram in figure 1:

A) Wind motor, slow and asynchronous by its nature. Axis of horizontal rotation.

B) Speed multiplier to reduce the size of the next Electric Generator.

C) Asynchronous electric generator to convert mechanical energy into alternating frequency electrical energy.

D) Rectifier to convert the alternating into rectified.

E) Static Electronic Converter to make the rectified an alternating current suitable for parallel with the electricity collection network. In our intentions, the coupling in the description directly adapts the mechanical energy of the wind motor to a synchronous alternator already connected to the mains, as is the case for hydraulic turbines, for example.

For this to happen, however, it is necessary that the joint is of a flexible nature and works as much as possible as an Automatic Impedance Adapter.

Our joint works with the principle of energy propagation in the form of a rotational wave along an elastic cord. We called our device "Dynamic Tail Joint" in homage to a somewhat impromptu image: that of a joker tourist who delicately takes a small sleeping crocodile by the tip of his tail and, with a quick rotational movement, flips it over his belly in the air.

Now, if the tourist wants it and the crocodile allows it, the movement can become continuous with a rotation at angular speed Ω (omega capital) so that the crocodile rotates continuously on itself.

At this point the crocodile can be a toy, with the trunk acting as a flywheel (perhaps mounted on two bearings, one on the head and one on the tail), and the tail as a crank; however, a cushion is necessary between the hand and the tip of the tail to leave the latter free to turn on itself together with the trunk.

To also remove the asymmetry of the tail due to the presence of gravity, we put our system with the axis from horizontal to vertical.

Analyzing the situation now, we have a trunk that acts as an end user, the hand that acts as an engine and the tail as an adaptation joint between the pure traction force of the hand exerted at the tip and the pure torsion that is found at the base of the attack. with the trunk.

The tail is made up of a series of vertebrae connected to each other by Cardano joints which have the function of giving it freedom in flexion but preventing it from twisting.

The vertebrae have gradually increasing size and this gradually changes the dynamic characteristics of the tail which is thus seen as an elastic cord with variable impedance that allows continuous impedance adaptation during wave transmission and prevent reflections

It is the whip principle that transmits energy from low speed and large mass (handle) to that of high speed and low mass (tip). The tail is used here as a reverse whip.

How does all this fit into our job?

First of all, what is the trunk here becomes the rotor of the synchronous electric generator. It (it turns, let's say, at the maximum of the revolutions allowed by the network at 50 Hz: 3000 revolutions per minute. We define ω (small omega) this angular velocity.

With the same ω (small omega) the tail also turns on itself.

What we have called “Tourist's Hand” becomes the crank set in rotation by the wind motor which will have an angular speed Ω (large omega), obviously small compared to the previous one but with the same direction of rotation.

At this point, at the attachment to the rotoré, a rotation Ω ω (omega large omega small) is expected, which is impossible given the rigidity of the rotor linked to synchronism.

Thus a braking torque is born that "eats" the excess rotation of the tail, a torque that becomes the driving force for the rotor and transfers energy to the network.

Conceptually we have achieved the goal.

Now let's see better in detail.

The vertebrae of the tail are ade in rotation on themselves and have become flywheels. Then when the tail axis assumes the sinuous shape of the whip at work, the flywheels will become gyroscopes of which ω (small omega) will be the rotation and Ω (large omega) the precession.

The parameters that affect the transmission of energy along the elastic cords in addition to the amplitude and frequency of the waves themselves, are related to the unit mass of the rope and its axial tension.

An excessive axial voltage over all raises the wave propagation speed, this causes an excessive length of the tail as this must have a length at least equal to that of a single wave.

This can mean “long queues” given the low frequencies of wind motors. The only possibility seems to be to raise the unit mass but, even in this direction, for high powers one ends up having to deal with inhuman dimensions.

With the system of spinning the tail at synchronous speed, the non-negligible effect of already having electricity in a suitable form is obtained and also the gyroscopes, in the right conditions of use, have the prerogative of multiplying the mass. In fact, the calculation does not show only the linear momentum "mv" but the angular momentum "mVR" (velocity and radius) of the flywheel masses, therefore a considerably higher magnitude.

In order to have an order of magnitude of the dimensions involved, we report an example of a wind system that today can already be considered small but indicative. The use of our device is obviously foreseen.

Figure 2 traces the scheme.

A) Wind engine.

Power 1 MW. 60-meter diameter blades. 10-25 revolutions per minute. Horizontal axis.

B) Pair of bevel gears.

It is used to bring the axis from horizontal to vertical. Possible multiplication of the revolutions of a factor 3 to have about 60 revolutions per inuto. At this speed and rated power we expect a torque of 160,000 Nm.

It is envisaged that at the termination of the vertical crankshaft there is a crank with an adjustable radius which is used to inject energy into the Tail Joint. Let's assume that this radius reaches 2 meters in the condition of maximum power and therefore a torque force of 80,000 N. This force, if placed at a height, at the height of the axis of the wind motor, would induce a significant oscillation in the tower at 1 Hz which, in addition to stressing the static structure, would be intolerable for the wind turbine. It is therefore necessary that the vertical shaft is extended to the base of the tower where the local rigidity of the structure cancels the effects.

C) Dynamic Tail Joint.

It appears on the outside as a funnel of about 6 meters in diameter and as many in height and with a weight of 2,000-4,000 kg for the dynamic part only. Figure 3 schematizes its shape.

It consists of about 20 vertebrae to have the Cardano joints with small working angles and therefore give excellent flexibility and low losses on the pins.

The vertebrae are rings of 1 meter in radius that concentrate the mass externally to have a high flywheel effect. The fixing to the Cardan is made with a large radius dome to give sufficient rigidity to the flywheel itself subjected to the tensions caused by the gyroscopic effects.

The tip of the tail is suspended from the crank and the two adjustment elements (indicated with the dimensions R and E in figure 2) are the crank radius and the extension of the tail which partly modulates the axial tension of the tail and ultimately the agreement.

The impedance adaptation, ie the adjustment to the transfer of energy to the rotor, is partly automatic. In fact, the original torque that is braked by the synchronous movement of the rotor is diluted by the ratio between the two angular velocities and thus discharges the wave leaving a small margin to the reflected wave typical of these non-adapted systems. The fact remains that even the wind motor, with the variation of the inclination of the blades, tries to keep the number of revolutions constant; at least in the range of medium-high powers.

The peripheral velocity of the aneli-vertebrae is 314 meters per second and with the 4,000 kg of mass they make an angular moment of the order of 1,256,000 Joule sec of which only half participates in the gyroscopic effect (a slope of the spiral axis of the tail about 30 degrees}.

With an angular velocity of 6.18 radians per sec (60 revolutions per minute) and a wavelength of about 5-6 meters (one wave per sec) we have a transfer of almost 4 MJ in a second. Only one would be enough to transfer the megawatt.

D) Final Synchronous Electric Generator.

It is the traditional three-phase vertical axis alternator. For one MW of power and 3,000 revolutions per minute, the weight of the machine is in the order of 5,000 kg with dimensions of 3 x 3 x2 meters.

With this it is then possible to parallel but a device is needed to launch the alternator in synchronism because spontaneous starting is not possible or it is possible with some additional device.

Claims (1)

2. CLAIMS The function of the Dynamic Tail Joint is to adapt a primary motor that collects dynamic energy from the environment directly to a synchronous electric generator. In particular, a wind motor with rotating blades and horizontal or vertical axis is provided as primary. As is known, many of the difficulties in this field are related to the low rotational speed of the primary motor and, above all, to its variability which does not allow the use of a rigid adaptation such as a gear multiplier system that connects the slow and variable primary motor to fast and synchronous secondary electric generator. The solution we propose solves the problem and with this note we claim its originality. The idea consists in: 1. Use as a transfer and adaptation element of the two initially incompatible speeds, a joint whose operation is comparable to a whip used backwards: the handle integral with the rotor (with the whole whip therefore rotating on itself at the speed of the synchronism of net) and the tip hung with a bearing on a crank held in rotation by the primary motor which turns in the same direction as the rotor. In this way, a continuous rotational wave is induced in the whip. The rotation of the whip on itself has transformed it into a system of gyroscopes of which the slow rotation of the crank is now the precession motion. Under these conditions, the slow and variable rotational motion of the primary is added to the rapid synchronous rotation of the tail and the excess rotation thus formed pours energy into the network.