IT8322635A1 - COMPOSITION AND METHOD TO PREVENT THE FORMATION OF INCRUSTATIONS - Google Patents
COMPOSITION AND METHOD TO PREVENT THE FORMATION OF INCRUSTATIONS Download PDFInfo
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- IT8322635A1 IT8322635A1 IT1983A22635A IT2263583A IT8322635A1 IT 8322635 A1 IT8322635 A1 IT 8322635A1 IT 1983A22635 A IT1983A22635 A IT 1983A22635A IT 2263583 A IT2263583 A IT 2263583A IT 8322635 A1 IT8322635 A1 IT 8322635A1
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- IT
- Italy
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- composition
- copolymer
- phosphonate
- water
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 aminoalkylene phosphonic acid Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 10
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethenesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- DKPHLYCEFBDQKM-UHFFFAOYSA-H hexapotassium;1-phosphonato-n,n-bis(phosphonatomethyl)methanamine Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)CN(CP([O-])([O-])=O)CP([O-])([O-])=O DKPHLYCEFBDQKM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 5
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Etidronic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(O)(C)P(O)(O)=O DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)OP(O)=O XQRLCLUYWUNEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000001465 calcium Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 4
- BAERPNBPLZWCES-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxy-1-phosphonoethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OCC(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O BAERPNBPLZWCES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- BWYYYTVSBPRQCN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;ethenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C=C BWYYYTVSBPRQCN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- YUEFGDDCJLELFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-amino-1-phosphonoethyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound NCC(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O YUEFGDDCJLELFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAPFRBPAHQBQEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-amino-1-phosphonopropyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound NCCC(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O PAPFRBPAHQBQEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJPWXCPGHYETKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-1-phosphonopropyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OCCC(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O MJPWXCPGHYETKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSZARSUFVSYQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-hydroxy-1-phosphonobutyl)phosphonic acid Chemical compound OCCCC(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O XSZARSUFVSYQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZSVIVLGBJKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)propan-1-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)C1CC(C(C)C)CC=C1C DZSVIVLGBJKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000536 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZHQPBJEOCHCKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(P(O)(O)=O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O SZHQPBJEOCHCKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFDMUBAPCIJDBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phosphonopentanoic acid Chemical class CCCC(C(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O XFDMUBAPCIJDBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDONNITUKPKTIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Nitrilotris(methylene)]trisphosphonic acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)(O)=O)CP(O)(O)=O YDONNITUKPKTIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012644 addition polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003113 alkalizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBZANZVJRKXVBH-GYDPHNCVSA-N alpha-Cryptoxanthin Natural products O[C@H]1CC(C)(C)C(/C=C/C(=C\C=C\C(=C/C=C/C=C(\C=C\C=C(/C=C/[C@H]2C(C)=CCCC2(C)C)\C)/C)\C)/C)=C(C)C1 NBZANZVJRKXVBH-GYDPHNCVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- DUYCTCQXNHFCSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dtpmp Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)CN(CP(O)(O)=O)CCN(CP(O)(=O)O)CCN(CP(O)(O)=O)CP(O)(O)=O DUYCTCQXNHFCSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011499 joint compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001055 magnesium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoramidic acid Chemical compound NP(O)(O)=O PTMHPRAIXMAOOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002455 scale inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/10—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances
- C02F5/14—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances containing phosphorus
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
'COMPOSIZIONE E METODO PER IMPEDIRE LA FORMAZIONE'DI INCROSTAZIONI" 'COMPOSITION AND METHOD TO PREVENT THE FORMATION' OF INCRUSTATIONS "
RIASSUNTO SUMMARY
L'accumulo di incrostazioni in un sistema acquoso viene impedi^ to dall'aggiunta di una composizione che comprende un copolimero dell'acido maleico o dell'anidride maleica e acido vinilsolfonico e un fosfonato organico per esempio acido amminotri(metilenfosfonico), acido idrossietiliden-difosfonico oppure un loro sale solubile in acqua* The build-up of scale in an aqueous system is prevented by the addition of a composition which includes a copolymer of maleic acid or maleic anhydride and vinylsulfonic acid and an organic phosphonate e.g. aminotri (methylenephosphonic) acid, hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic or a water-soluble salt thereof *
DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION
La presente invenzione riguarda il trattamento di sistemi acquo si e, pi? in particolare, riguarda l'inibizione e l'allontanamento di depositi solidi in sistemi di riscaldamento e di raffreddamento industriali. The present invention relates to the treatment of aqueous systems and, more? in particular, it concerns the inhibition and removal of solid deposits in industrial heating and cooling systems.
L'acqua usata in sistemi acquosi industriali per esempio caldaie che generano vapore, apparecchi di riscaldamento peracqua calda, scambiatori di calore, torri di raffreddamento, sistemi di desalinizzazione, sistemi di pulitura, oleodotti, sistemi di lavaggio di gas e apparecchiature associate, contiene diverse impurezze# Tra le impurezze sono compresi, tipicamente, cationi di metalli alcalino-terrosi come calcio, bario e magnesio e parecchi anioni come bicarbonato, carbonato, solfato, ossalato, fosfato, silicato e fluoruro* Questi anioni e questi cationi si conbinano e formano precipitati sotto l'influsso del pH, della pressione o della temperatura nel sistema oppure sotto l'influsso della presenza di ulteriori io ni con i quali essi formano prodotti insolubili. Le impurezze pi? comuni in acque di rifornimento industriali sono gli ioni di indurimento dell'acqua per esempio gli ioni calcio, magnesio e gli ioni carbonato. Oltre a precipitare sotto forma di carbonati, il calcio e il magnesio e anche il ferroo ra me eventualmente presenti possono anche reagire con ioni fosfato, solfato e silicato e formare i rispettivi sali insolubili complessi. Questi prodotti di reazione solidi si accumulano sulle superfici del sistema e formano incrostazioni. L'acqua pu? anche contenere diversi prodotti solidi come per esempio fanghi, argilla, ossidi di ferro, limo, sabbia e altre sostanze minerali e residui microbiologici che si accumulano sotto forma di depositi di fango nel sistema. Gli ossidi di ferro possono essere presenti nell'acqua di alimentazione e possono venire prodotti mediante corrosione di superfici di metalli in contatto con l'acqua. Il fango pu? venire incorporato nei depositi di incrostazioni e i precipitati tendono a cementare le particelle di'fango ed a formare una melina fortemente aderente* I depositi di incrostazioni e di melma fanno diminuire notevolmente la efficacia di trasmissione del calore per effetto di una sedimentazione in corrispondenza di punti di flusso lento nel sistema e limitando la circolazione dell'acqua e isolandola dalle superfici di riscaldamento. Oltre a interferire con la trasmissione di calore e con il flusso di fluidi, la cor rosione di superfici di metallo al di sotto dei depositi viene facilitata poich? gli agenti di controllo della corrosione non sono in grado di contattare efficacemente le superfici. I depositi inoltre ospitano batteri. Water used in industrial aqueous systems e.g. steam generating boilers, hot water heaters, heat exchangers, cooling towers, desalination systems, cleaning systems, oil pipelines, gas scrubbing systems and associated equipment, contains several impurities # Impurities typically include alkaline earth metal cations such as calcium, barium and magnesium and several anions such as bicarbonate, carbonate, sulfate, oxalate, phosphate, silicate and fluoride * These anions and cations combine and form precipitates under the influence of pH, pressure or temperature in the system or under the influence of the presence of additional ioni with which they form insoluble products. The impurities pi? common in industrial supply waters are water hardening ions eg calcium, magnesium ions and carbonate ions. In addition to precipitating in the form of carbonates, the calcium and magnesium and also the iron ore which may be present can also react with phosphate, sulfate and silicate ions and form the respective complex insoluble salts. These solid reaction products accumulate on the surfaces of the system and form scale. Water can also contain various solid products such as mud, clay, iron oxides, silt, sand and other mineral substances and microbiological residues that accumulate in the form of sludge deposits in the system. Iron oxides can be present in feed water and can be produced by corrosion of metal surfaces in contact with water. The mud can? be incorporated into the deposits of encrustations and the precipitates tend to cement the mud particles and form a strongly adherent melina slow flow into the system and restricting the circulation of water and isolating it from heating surfaces. In addition to interfering with the transmission of heat and with the flow of fluids, the corrosion of metal surfaces beneath the deposits is facilitated as it? corrosion control agents are unable to contact surfaces effectively. The deposits also harbor bacteria.
La rimozione dei depositi pu? provocare ritardi costosi e l?interruzione di funzionamento del sistema? L'acqua in corrispondenza di temperature relativamente elevate nelle caldaie che generano vapore e le acque dure sono particolarmente inclini a formare incrostazioni? Depositi di incrostazioni estremamente notevoli possono provocare un surriscaldamento localizzato e possono provocare la rottura in caldaie. The removal of deposits can? cause costly delays and system downtime? Is water at relatively high temperatures in steam generating boilers and hard water particularly prone to fouling? Extremely large scale deposits can cause localized overheating and can cause rupture in boilers.
Poich? trattamenti esterni per esempio addolcimento, coagulazione e filtrazione non allontanano in modo adeguato i prodotti solidi e le sostanze che formano prodotti solidi, si sono adottati diversi trattamenti chimici interni per impedire e rimuovere la formazione di incrostazioni e di fanghi in sistemi acquosi? Il trattamento chimico per le caldaie in generale comporta l'impiego combinato di un agente precipitante e di un agente di condizionamento solido per mantenere i solidi nell'acqua della caldaia allo stato di sospensione per un'efficace eliminazione con l'acqua asportata dalla caldaia per mezzo di una tubazione di scarico? I prodotti chimici precipitanti impiegati comunemente per sali di calcio sono carbonato di sodio e fosfati di sodio? Il magnesio viene fatto precipitare alcalinizzando l'acqua della caldaia, sotto foima di idrossido di magnesio? Since? external treatments such as softening, coagulation and filtration do not adequately remove solid products and substances that form solid products, have various internal chemical treatments been adopted to prevent and remove the formation of scale and sludge in aqueous systems? Chemical treatment for boilers generally involves the combined use of a precipitating agent and a solid conditioning agent to keep the solids in the boiler water in a suspended state for effective removal with the water removed from the boiler for by means of a drain pipe? Are the commonly used precipitating chemicals for calcium salts sodium carbonate and sodium phosphates? Is the magnesium precipitated by alkalizing the boiler water, under the magnesium hydroxide foima?
Si sono usati parecchi policarbossilati e altri polimeri pola*-ri solubili in acqua per esempio polimeri di acrilato come condizionatori di solidi in sistemi di acque industriali. La presenza di piccole quantit? di questi polimeri fa aumentare la fluidit? del fango e d? come risultarto la formazione di precipitati amorfi, frangibili e granulosi invece di cristalli densi, duri, che formano incrostazioni sulle superficie Le particelle di prodotto solido finemente disperse rimangono sospese e vengono aspor tate dal sistema dall'acqua che fluisce oppure dal sistema di scarico. Several polycarboxylates and other water soluble polymers have been used, e.g., acrylate polymers as conditioners of solids in industrial water systems. The presence of small quantities? of these polymers increases the fluidity? of the mud and d? As a result, the formation of amorphous, frangible and granular precipitates instead of dense, hard crystals that form deposits on the surfaces The finely dispersed solid product particles remain suspended and are removed from the system by the flowing water or by the exhaust system.
Si usano fosfonati, ampiamente, nel trattamento dell'acqua, come inibitori della precipitazione ed essi sono efficaci in quantit?-soglia che sono nettamente inferiori alla quantit? stechiometrica richiesta per fissare sotto forma di chelato oppure per sequestrare il catione che forma le incrostazioni. Phosphonates are used extensively in water treatment as precipitation inhibitors and they are effective in threshold amounts that are significantly lower than the amount of water. stoichiometric required to fix in the form of chelate or to sequester the cation that forms the encrustations.
L' inibitore di formazione di incrostazioni per sistemi acquosi della pubblicazione di brevetto britannico 2.061.249 di Greaves e Ingham comprende un fosfonato solubile in acqua e un copolimero del tipo di addizione vinilica oppure suoi sali solubili in acqua. I fosfonati contengono almeno un gruppo di un acido carbossilico e almeno un gruppo di acido fosfonico ed hanno almeno tre gruppi acidi collegati all'atomo di carbonio. I copolimeri, in generale, derivano da acidi etilenicamente insa turi per esempio acido maleico (oppure anidride dell'acido maleico), acido acrilico e acido metacrilico e hanno gruppi di acidi carbossilici oppure gruppi di anidridi di acidi carbossilici e gruppi di solfonato. Un fosfonato particolarmente preferito ? l'acido 2-fosfonobutan-l,2,4-tricarbossilico. Tra i copolimeri preferiti sono compresi un copolimero dell'acido meta crilico e dell'acido 2-acrilarmnido-2-metilpropan-solfonico e un copolimero dell'acido stiren-solfonico e dell'acido maleico. Quando R^ ? idrogeno e Y ?un radicale di un acido solfonico nella descritta formula per l'unit? del copolimero contenente solfonato e l'unit? etilenicamente insatura? anidride maleica,il copolimero?un copolimero di acido vinilsolfonico e di anidride maleica?Negliesempi,si dimostra checombinazionidi un copolimero dell'acido metacrilico con l'acido 2-acrilammido-2-metilpropan-solfonico e gli acidi fosfonobutan-carbossilici hanno un effetto sinergico eche le cornhi nazioni del polimero con altri fosfonati ivi compresi acido nitrilo-trismetilen-fosfonico, acido idrossi-etiliden-difosfonico e acido esametilendiammino-tetrametilen-fosfonico non hanno un effetto sinergico. The scale inhibitor for aqueous systems of Greaves and Ingham British Patent publication 2,061,249 comprises a water soluble phosphonate and a copolymer of the vinyl addition type or water soluble salts thereof. Phosphonates contain at least one carboxylic acid group and at least one phosphonic acid group and have at least three acid groups attached to the carbon atom. Copolymers generally derive from ethylenically unsaturated acids, for example maleic acid (or maleic acid anhydride), acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and have carboxylic acid groups or carboxylic acid anhydride groups and sulfonate groups. A particularly preferred phosphonate? 2-phosphonobutan-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid. Preferred copolymers include a copolymer of methacrylic acid and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane-sulfonic acid and a copolymer of styrene-sulfonic acid and maleic acid. When R ^? hydrogen and Y is a radical of a sulfonic acid in the described formula for the unit? of the copolymer containing sulfonate and the unit? ethylenically unsaturated? maleic anhydride, the copolymer is a copolymer of vinylsulfonic acid and maleic anhydride. In the same way, it is shown that the combinations of a copolymer of methacrylic acid with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonic acid and phosphonobutane-carboxylic acids have a synergistic effect and that combinations of the polymer with other phosphonates including nitrilo-trismethylene-phosphonic acid, hydroxy-ethylidene-diphosphonic acid and hexamethylenediamino-tetramethylene-phosphonic acid do not have a synergistic effect.
I brevetti tl.S.A.4.255.259 e 4.306.991 di Hwa e Cuisia descrivono una composizioneperimpedire la formazionediincrostazioniin sist?mi acquosi che comprende un nnpolimero dell'acido stiren-solfonico e anidride malei ca oppure acido maleico e un acido fosfonico,oppure suoi sali solubili in acqua. Si possono usare diversi acidi fosfonici ivi compreso l'acido idrossi etiliden-difosfonico e l'acido ammino-metilen-fosfonico. Patents tl.S.A. 4,255,259 and 4,306,991 of Hwa and Cuisia describe a composition for preventing the formation of encrustations in aqueous systems which comprises a polymer of styrene-sulphonic acid and maleic anhydride or maleic acid and a phosphonic acid, or its salts. soluble in water. Various phosphonic acids can be used including hydroxy ethylidene diphosphonic acid and amino methylene phosphonic acid.
La composizione per impedire la formazione di scorie in un sisterna acquoso della presente invenzione comprende (a) un copolimero dell'acido maleico o dell'anidride maleica e dell'acido vinilsolfonico, oppure un suo sale solubile in acqua; e (b) un fosfonato organico avente la formula generale : The composition for preventing slag formation in an aqueous system of the present invention comprises (a) a copolymer of maleic acid or maleic anhydride and vinylsulfonic acid, or a water-soluble salt thereof; and (b) an organic phosphonate having the general formula:
in cui R ? where R?
n ? 0 fino a 6 e x 1 fino a 6; oppure di formula generale : n? 0 up to 6 and x 1 up to 6; or of general formula:
in cui X ? -OH oppure -NH2 ed R ? un gruppo alchile avente da 1 a 5 atomi di carbonio; oppure un suo sale solubile in acqua. Il metodo per impedire la formazione di scorie in un sistema acquoso della presente invenzione consiste nell1aggiungere al sistema una quantit?,inibitrice della formazione di scorie,della composizione. where X? -OH or -NH2 and R? an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or a water-soluble salt thereof. The method of preventing slag formation in an aqueous system of the present invention is to add a slag inhibiting amount of the composition to the system.
La presente invenzione realizza una inibizione inaspettatamente superiore del deposito e della formazione di scorie, in particolare quelle contenenti fosfati e silicati di calcio e di magnesio e ossido di ferro, sulle strutture metalliche di sistemi di acque industriali. La composizione e il metodo sono efficaci quando vengono usate in acqua a temperature e a pressioni elevate in caldaie per la produzione di vapore acqueo e il copolimero rimane solubile in un'acqua avente un elevato grado di durezza e un'elevata alcalinit?. La presente invenzione realizza 1'effetto-soglia della inibizione della formazione di cristalli di sali di metalli e realizza l'effetto di impedimento della loro adesione a superfici di trasmissione del calore con.?asse concentrazioni di trattamento. The present invention achieves an unexpectedly superior inhibition of the deposit and formation of slags, in particular those containing phosphates and calcium and magnesium and iron oxide silicates, on the metal structures of industrial water systems. The composition and method are effective when used in water at elevated temperatures and pressures in boilers for the production of water vapor and the copolymer remains soluble in water having a high degree of hardness and high alkalinity. The present invention realizes the threshold effect of the inhibition of the formation of crystals of metal salts and realizes the effect of preventing their adhesion to heat transfer surfaces with low treatment concentrations.
Nella presente invenzione si impiegano acidi ammino-alchilenfosfonici, acidi idrossi-alchiliden-fosfonici oppure acidi ammino-alchili den-fosfonici solubili in acqua oppure loro sali solubili in acqua. I com posti pi? preferiti sono acido amminotri-(metilen-fosfonico)^cido idrossietilidene-1,1-difosfonico e loro sali solubili in acqua. Questo acido alchilidene-difosfonico ? reperibile in commercio e la sua preparazione e la pre parazione di altri acidi fosfonici ? descritta, per esempio, nei brevetti U.S.A. 3.214.454 e 3.217.578. L'acido amminofosfonico pi? preferito ? reperibile in commercio e la sua preparazione e la preparazione di altri acidi fosfonici simili ? descritta nei brevetti U.S.A. 3?.234.124 e 3.298.956. In the present invention, amino-alkylenephosphonic acids, hydroxy-alkylidene-phosphonic acids or water-soluble den-phosphonic amino-alkyl acids or their water-soluble salts are used. The com poses more? preferred are aminotri- (methylene-phosphonic), hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid and their water-soluble salts. This alkylidene-diphosphonic acid? commercially available and its preparation and the preparation of other phosphonic acids? described, for example, in U.S. Pat. 3,214,454 and 3,217,578. Aminophosphonic acid pi? favorite ? commercially available and its preparation and the preparation of other similar phosphonic acids? described in U.S. Pat. 3,234,124 and 3,298,956.
Tra gli altri acidi fosfonici adatti aventi queste formule sono compresi : acido etilendiammin-tetra(metilen-fosfonico), acido dietilentriammin-penta-(metilen-fosfonico), acido trietilentetraammin-esa(metilen-fosfonico), acido esametilendiammin-tetra(metilen-fosfonico), acido amminoetiliden-difosfonico, acido amminopropiliden-difosfonico, acido idrossipropiliden-difosfonico, acido idrossibutiliden-difosfonico e acido idrossiesiliden-difosfonico. Other suitable phosphonic acids having these formulas include: ethylenediamine-tetra (methylene-phosphonic) acid, diethylenetriamine-penta- (methylene-phosphonic) acid, triethylenetetraamin-hexa (methylene-phosphonic) acid, hexamethylenediamin-tetra (methylene-phosphonic) acid phosphonic), aminoethylidene-diphosphonic acid, aminopropylidene-diphosphonic acid, hydroxypropylidene-diphosphonic acid, hydroxybutylidene-diphosphonic acid and hydroxylidene-diphosphonic acid.
La composizione della presente invenzione comprende inoltre un copolimero alifatico dell?acido maleico o dell'anidride dell'acido maleico con acido vinilsolfonico oppure loro sali solubili in acqua. Si possono preparare i polimeri mediante copolimerizzazione dell'acido maleico o della anidride maleica con acido vinilsolfonico oppure con un suo sale di un metallo alcalino. Si possono adottare metodi di polimerizzazione per addizione tradizionali, in presenza di luce oppure in presenza di iniziatori a radicali liberi. In generale, si pu? effettuare la copolimerizzazione ad una temperatura compresa tra circa 30?C e circa 120?C usando un catalizzatore perossido per esempio perossido di idrogeno oppure benzoilpeross?do in un mezzo inerte. Si pu? ottenere il copolimero, per esempio, mediante polimerizzazione in soluzione dell'acido maleico e di vinilsolfonato di sodio in presenza di perossido di idrogeno. The composition of the present invention further comprises an aliphatic copolymer of maleic acid or anhydride of maleic acid with vinylsulfonic acid or their water-soluble salts. The polymers can be prepared by copolymerization of maleic acid or maleic anhydride with vinylsulfonic acid or with an alkali metal salt thereof. Traditional addition polymerization methods can be used in the presence of light or in the presence of free radical initiators. In general, you can? carry out the copolymerization at a temperature between about 30 ° C and about 120 ° C using a peroxide catalyst such as hydrogen peroxide or benzoyl peroxide in an inert medium. Can you? obtaining the copolymer, for example, by solution polymerization of maleic acid and sodium vinyl sulphonate in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.
Un altro metodo per produrre i copolimeri consiste nel copoli merizzare un composto mono-etilenico polimerizzabile per esempio metilviniletere, etilviniletere oppure vinilacetato; solubilizzare nuovamente il polimero mediante idrolisi alcalina oppure mediante idrolisi acida per sostituire i gruppi ossidrilici al posto dei gruppi di etere o dei gruppi di este re; e solfonare il polimero secondo metodi tradizionali come quelli descritti nel brevetto U.S.A. 2.764.576. Il grado di solfonazione pu? variare ma sostanzialmente si preferisce una solfonazione completa. Another method for producing the copolymers consists in copolysing a polymerizable mono-ethylene compound, for example methylvinylether, ethylvinyl ether or vinyl acetate; solubilizing the polymer again by alkaline hydrolysis or by acid hydrolysis to substitute the hydroxyl groups in place of the ether groups or ester groups; and sulfonating the polymer according to conventional methods such as those described in U.S. Pat. 2,764,576. The degree of sulfonation can? vary but substantially complete sulfonation is preferred.
Le proporzioni relative di vinilsolfonato e di anidride maleica dipendono dal grado di inibizione della formazione di incrostazioni richiesto. Il copolimero, in generale, contiene da circa 10 moli percento fino a circa 90 moli percento del solfonato. Preferibilmente, il rapporto molare tra porzioni di vinilsolfonato e porzioni derivate dall'acido maleico ? compreso tra circa 0,5:1 e circa 4:1 e in particolare compreso tra circa 1:1 e circa 2:1. The relative proportions of vinyl sulfonate and maleic anhydride depend on the degree of scale inhibition required. The copolymer, in general, contains from about 10 mole percent to about 90 mole percent of the sulfonate. Preferably, the molar ratio between portions of vinylsulfonate and portions derived from maleic acid? between about 0.5: 1 and about 4: 1 and in particular between about 1: 1 and about 2: 1.
Il peeo molecolare medio del copolimero non ? critico purch? il polimero sia solubile in acqua. In generale, il peso molecolare ? compreso tra circa 500 e circa 100.000. Preferibilmente, il peso molecolare ? compreso tra circa 1000 e circa 25.000 e in particolare ? compreso tra circa 6.000 e circa 10.000 The average molecular weight of the copolymer is not? critical as long as? the polymer is soluble in water. In general, the molecular weight? between about 500 and about 100,000. Preferably, the molecular weight? between about 1000 and about 25,000 and in particular? between about 6,000 and about 10,000
La forma di acido deicopolimeri particolarmente preferiti ? rappresentata dalla formula : The acid form of the particularly preferred polymers? represented by the formula:
in cui n ed n sono in ordine casuale ed m ? compreso tra circa 20 moli percento e circa 70 moli percento, n ? compreso tra circa 30 moli percento e circa 80 moli percento e il peso molecolare ? compreso tra circa 1.000 e circa 25.0000. in which n and n are in random order and m? between about 20 mole percent and about 70 mole percent, n? between about 30 mole percent and about 80 mole percent and the molecular weight? between about 1.000 and about 25.0000.
I fosfonati e i copolimeri, in generale, vengono impiegati so^ to forma di un sale di un metallo alcalino e, usualmente, sotto forma del sale di sodio. Tra gli altri sali solubili in acqua adatti, sono compresi sali di potassio, di ammonio, di zinco e di ammine inferiori. Si possono anche usare gli acidi liberi e non ? necessario che tutti gli atomi di idrogeno acidi siano sostituiti, e non ? necessario che il catione sia uguale in quelli rimpiazzati. Cos?, il catione pu? essere un qualsiasi catione oppure una miscela di NH , H, Na, K, ecc. Il copolimero viene trasformato nei sali solubili in acqua adottando metodi tradizionali. The phosphonates and copolymers in general are used in the form of a salt of an alkali metal and usually in the form of the sodium salt. Other suitable water-soluble salts include potassium, ammonium, zinc and lower amine salts. Can free and non-free acids also be used? it is necessary that all acidic hydrogen atoms be replaced, and not? it is necessary that the cation is the same in the replaced ones. So, the cation can? be any cation or a mixture of NH, H, Na, K, etc. The copolymer is transformed into water-soluble salts using traditional methods.
Mentre ? possibile aggiungere il fosfonato e il copolimero separatamente ad un sistema acquoso, in generale ? pi? opportuno aggiungerli insieme sotto forma di una composizione. La composizione della presente invenzione, in generale, comprende da circa 0,1 fino a circa 100,preferibilmente da circa 2 a 6 parti in peso del copolimeroje da circa 0,1 fino a circa 100 preferibilmente da circa 0,5 fino a 5 parti in peso del fosfonato. Si usano il polimero e il fosfonato in rapporti in peso generalmente compresi tra circa 10:1 e circa 1:10, preferibilmente compresi tra circa 4:1 e circa 1:4 e in particolare di circa 1:1. While ? Is it possible to add the phosphonate and the copolymer separately to an aqueous system in general? pi? It is desirable to add them together in the form of a composition. The composition of the present invention generally comprises from about 0.1 to about 100, preferably from about 2 to 6 parts by weight of the copolymer and from about 0.1 to about 100, preferably from about 0.5 to 5 parts. by weight of the phosphonate. The polymer and the phosphonate are used in weight ratios generally ranging from about 10: 1 to about 1:10, preferably from about 4: 1 to about 1: 4 and in particular about 1: 1.
Le composizioni possono venire aggiunte sotto forma di polveri secche e possono venire fatte sciogliere durante il loro impiego ma normalmente vengono usate sotto forma di soluzioni acquose. Le soluzioni, in generale, contengono da circa 0,1 percento in peso fino a circa 70 percento in peso della composizione e preferibilmente contengono da circa 1 percento in peso fino a circa 40 percento in peso. Le soluzioni possono venire preparate introducendo gli ingredienti in acqua in qualsiasi ordine. The compositions can be added in the form of dry powders and can be dissolved during their use but are normally used in the form of aqueous solutions. The solutions generally contain from about 0.1 weight percent to about 70 weight percent of the composition and preferably contain from about 1 weight percent to about 40 weight percent. The solutions can be prepared by introducing the ingredients into the water in any order.
La quantit? della composizione aggiunta all'acqua ? una quan tit? substechiometrica che ? efficace per impedire la formazione di incrostazioni e di fanghi e dipende dalla natura del sistema acquoso che deve venire trattato. Il dosaggio del fosfonato dipende, entro certi limiti, dalle quantit? di composti che provocano durezza e di composti che formano incrostazioni presenti nel sistema. In generale, la quantit? viene calcolata dalla concentrazione di calcio e conseguentemente dalla durezza dell'acqua. Il dosaggio del copolimero dipende entro certi limiti dalla concentrazione di prodotti solidi in sospensione e dalle concentrazioni esistenti di prodotti solidi nel sistema. La composizione, in generale, viene aggiunta al sistema acquoso in una quantit? compresa tra circa 0,01 parti per milione e circa 500 parti per milione (p.p.m.) e preferibilmente in una quantit? compresa tra circa 0,1 parti per milione e circa 50 parti per milione di acqua del sistema. The quantity of the composition added to the water? a quan tit? sub-stoichiometric which? effective to prevent the formation of scale and sludge and depends on the nature of the aqueous system to be treated. The dosage of the phosphonate depends, within certain limits, on the quantities? of compounds that cause hardness and of compounds that form encrustations present in the system. In general, the quantity? it is calculated from the calcium concentration and consequently from the hardness of the water. The copolymer dosage depends within certain limits on the concentration of solids in suspension and on the existing concentrations of solids in the system. The composition, in general, is added to the aqueous system in an amount? between about 0.01 parts per million and about 500 parts per million (p.p.m.) and preferably in an amount? between about 0.1 parts per million and about 50 parts per million of system water.
Le composizioni della presente invenzione possono comprendere acqua oppure possono venire aggiunte all'acqua contenente altri ingredienti usualmente impiegati nel trattamento dell'acqua per esempio alcali, derivati della li^iinga,altri:polimeri,tannini, altri fosfonati, biocidi e inibitori della corrosione. La composizione pu? venire introdotta in un qualsiasi punto in cui essa verr?,mescolata rapidamente e efficacemente con l?acqua del sistema. I prodotti chimici del trattamento vengono aggiunti usualmente al reintegro oppure alle linee di acqua di alimentazione tramite le quali l'acqua entra nel sistema. Tipicamente, si impiega un iniettore,tarato per fornire una predeterminata quantit?,periodicamente oppure in modo continuo all'acqua di reintegro. The compositions of the present invention can comprise water or can be added to water containing other ingredients usually used in water treatment, for example alkalis, derivatives of the liquid, others: polymers, tannins, other phosphonates, biocides and corrosion inhibitors. The composition can? be introduced at any point where it will be mixed rapidly and efficiently with the system water. The treatment chemicals are usually added to the make-up or to the feed water lines through which the water enters the system. Typically, an injector is used, calibrated to supply a predetermined quantity, periodically or continuously, to the make-up water.
La presente invenzione ? particolarmente utile nel trattamente dell'acqua di alimentazione o dell'acqua di reintegro in una caldaia generante vapore. Tali sistemi di caldaie in generale vengono fatti funzio nare ad una temperatura compresa tra circa 298?F (148?C) e circa 637?F (335?C) e a una pressione compresa tra circa 50 psig e circa 2000 psig (0,35-140 Kg/cm di manometro). The present invention? particularly useful in treating feed water or make-up water in a steam-generating boiler. Such boiler systems are generally operated at a temperature between about 298 ° F (148 ° C) and about 637 ° F (335 ° C) and at a pressure between about 50 psig and about 2000 psig (0.35 -140 kg / cm of pressure gauge).
La composizione e il metodo per il suo impiego della presente invenzione vengono illustrati dagli esempi che seguono nei quali, a meno che non venga diversamente indicato, tutte le parti sono espresse in peso. The composition and method for its use of the present invention are illustrated by the following examples in which, unless otherwise indicated, all parts are expressed by weight.
ESEMPI 1 E 2 EXAMPLES 1 AND 2
Si sono preparate soluzioni acquose di una composizione contenente una parte di acido idrossietiliden-difosfonico oppure di acido amminotri(metilenfosfon?co) ed una parte di un copolimero di vinilsolfonato di sodio e anidride maleica avente un peso molecolare di 8.000 e avente un rapporto molare tra vinilsolfonato di sodio e anidride maleica di 1,5:1. Le soluzioni di trattamento contenevano inoltre fosfato di sodio, solfato di sodio, solfito di sodio, idrossido di sodio e cloruro di sodio in quantit? sufficienti a realizzare la composizione per l'acqua di caldaia indicata qui di seguito nella Tabella I.Si sono anche preparate soluzionicontenentile iden tiche quantit? dei prodotti chimici di trattamento tranne la composizione della presente invenzione e soluzioni contenenti le identiche quantit? dei prodotti chimici di trattamento e una parte di ciascun componente della composizione. Aqueous solutions were prepared of a composition containing a part of hydroxyethylidene-diphosphonic acid or aminotri (methylenephosphonic acid) and a part of a copolymer of sodium vinyl sulphonate and maleic anhydride having a molecular weight of 8,000 and having a molar ratio of sodium vinyl sulphonate and 1.5: 1 maleic anhydride. The treatment solutions also contained sodium phosphate, sodium sulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium hydroxide, and sodium chloride in quantities. sufficient to make the composition for the boiler water indicated below in Table I. Solutions containing identical quantities have also been prepared. of the treatment chemicals except the composition of the present invention and solutions containing the same quantities of the treatment chemicals and a part of each component of the composition.
Si sono valutate le propriet? di condizionamento dei fanghi e di inibizione della formazione di incrostazioni di queste soluzioni in una piccola caldaia da laboratorio che aveva tre tubi asportabili come descritPssl to in Proceedinga of th? Fifteenth Annual V/ater Conference, Engineers Society of Western Pennsylvania, pp. 87-102 (1954). Si ? preparata l?acqua di alimentazione per la caldaia da laboratorio diluendo acqua di rubinetto di Lake Zurich, Illinois con acqua distillata fino a 40 ppm di durezza totale espressa come CaCO3 e aggiungendo cloruro di calcio in modo da realizzare un rapporto tra calcio elementare e magnesio di 6 a 1. Si sono introdotte l'acqua di alimentazione e le soluzioni chimiche di trattamento nella caldaia in un rapporto di 3 volumi di acqua di alimentazione per 1 volume di soluzione ottenendo cosi una durezza totale dell'acqua di alimenta zione di 30 ppm di CaCO3. Si sono effettuate le prove di formazione di in crostazioni per tutte le soluzioni di trattamento regolando lo scarico del_ la caldaia a 10% dell'acqua di alimentazione della caldaia realizzando circa 10 concentrazioni dei prodotti salini dell'acquadi caldaiaeregolando la com posizione della soluzione di trattam?nto in modo da ottenere un'acqua di caldaia dopo le 10 concentrazioni avente la composizione indicata nella Tabella I. Have the properties been evaluated? conditioning of the sludge and inhibition of the fouling of these solutions in a small laboratory boiler that had three removable tubes as described in Proceedinga of th? Fifteenth Annual V / ater Conference, Engineers Society of Western Pennsylvania, pp. 87-102 (1954). Yup ? prepared the feed water for the laboratory boiler by diluting tap water from Lake Zurich, Illinois with distilled water to 40 ppm total hardness expressed as CaCO3 and adding calcium chloride to achieve a ratio of elemental calcium to magnesium of 6 to 1. The feed water and the chemical treatment solutions were introduced into the boiler in a ratio of 3 volumes of feed water to 1 volume of solution thus obtaining a total hardness of the feed water of 30 ppm of CaCO3. Crusting tests were carried out for all the treatment solutions by adjusting the boiler discharge to 10% of the boiler feed water, achieving about 10 concentrations of the saline products of the boiler water and adjusting the composition of the treatment solution. so as to obtain boiler water after 10 concentrations having the composition indicated in Table I.
TABELLA I TABLE I
Si sono effettuate le prove di formazione di incrostazioni per Fouling tests were carried out for
45 ore per ciascuna prova ad una pressione della caldaia di 400 psig (28 45 hours for each test at 400 psig (28
Kg/cm di manometro). Terminata una prova, i tubi della caldaia sono stati rimossi singolarmente dalla caldaia e le incrostazioni o il deposito presen ti su 6 pollici(152,4 mm) della lunghezza centrale di ciascun tubo sono Kg / cm of pressure gauge). Upon completion of a test, the boiler tubes were individually removed from the boiler and any fouling or deposit over 6 inches (152.4 mm) of the center length of each tube was
state rimosse mediante raschiamento, sono state raccolte in una fiala tarata e sono state pesate. I risultati delle prove sono indicati nella Tabella II. removed by scraping, collected in a graduated vial and weighed. The results of the tests are shown in Table II.
TABELLA II TABLE II
I risultati di confronto sulla formazione di incrostazioni riportati nella Tabella II indicano che la composizione ed il metodo della presente invenzione realizzano una inibizione della formazione di incrostazioni che The comparison results on scale formation reported in Table II indicate that the composition and method of the present invention provide an inhibition of scale formation which
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US42375982A | 1982-09-27 | 1982-09-27 |
Publications (3)
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IT8322635A0 IT8322635A0 (en) | 1983-08-24 |
IT8322635A1 true IT8322635A1 (en) | 1985-02-24 |
IT1163931B IT1163931B (en) | 1987-04-08 |
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IT22635/83A IT1163931B (en) | 1982-09-27 | 1983-08-24 | COMPOSITION AND METHOD TO PREVENT THE FORMATION OF SCALES |
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JP (1) | JPS5959298A (en) |
AU (1) | AU553669B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1207211A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3334245A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES524570A0 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2533549A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2127801B (en) |
HK (1) | HK97885A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1163931B (en) |
PH (1) | PH19027A (en) |
SE (1) | SE444929B (en) |
SG (1) | SG80085G (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA832771B (en) |
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US4469663A (en) * | 1982-10-15 | 1984-09-04 | The Dow Chemical Company | Scale control in flue gas desulfurization |
EP0122013B1 (en) * | 1983-03-07 | 1988-12-21 | Calgon Corporation | Polymeric additives for water |
US4575425A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1986-03-11 | Calgon Corporation | Process for controlling calcium oxalate scale over a wide pH range |
JP2575706B2 (en) * | 1987-05-30 | 1997-01-29 | 株式会社 片山化学工業研究所 | Prevention method of silica-based scale failure in pickling waste liquid system of steel material |
US4933090A (en) * | 1987-12-23 | 1990-06-12 | Calgon Corporation | Method for controlling silica/silicate deposition in aqueous systems using phosphonates and carboxylic/sulfonic polymers |
US5221489A (en) * | 1990-04-26 | 1993-06-22 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Sulfonated polymeric dispersant compositions for subterranean well drilling, completion, and cementing |
DE69120947T2 (en) * | 1990-04-26 | 1996-11-28 | Atlantic Richfield Co | DISPERSING AGENT COMPOSITIONS FOR DRILLING AND SEALING UNDERGROUND SOURCES |
RU2763494C1 (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-12-29 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Магнитогорский государственный технический университет им. Г.И. Носова», | Composition for treating makeup water in centralised heat supply systems |
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DE1806594C3 (en) * | 1968-11-02 | 1979-05-03 | Joh. A. Benckiser Gmbh, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Use of a mixture of aminoalkylenephosphonic acid and polymeric compounds to prevent stone-forming deposits in aqueous systems |
US3879288A (en) * | 1970-07-01 | 1975-04-22 | Frederick Herman Siegele | Process of inhibiting scale formation on walls of structures containing an aqueous system |
SE435456B (en) * | 1976-01-07 | 1984-10-01 | Calgon Corp | COMPOSITION AND PROCEDURE TO CONTROL THE BUILDING OF THE FLAVOR IN GAS WASHER |
GB1539974A (en) * | 1976-11-10 | 1979-02-07 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Method of inhibiting corrosion and scaling of metals in contact with water |
US4105581A (en) * | 1977-02-18 | 1978-08-08 | Drew Chemical Corporation | Corrosion inhibitor |
GB1589109A (en) * | 1978-05-22 | 1981-05-07 | Buckman Labor Inc | Compositions for inhibiting corrosion and formation of scale and sludge in aqueous systems |
CA1114978A (en) * | 1978-06-15 | 1981-12-22 | Chih M. Hwa | Sludge conditioning composition for scale inhibition in water |
US4306991A (en) * | 1979-09-18 | 1981-12-22 | Chemed Corporation | Scale inhibition |
GB2061249B (en) * | 1979-10-23 | 1983-05-18 | Dearborn Chemicals Ltd | Treatment of aqueous systems to inhibit deposition of solid material |
-
1983
- 1983-04-06 CA CA000425313A patent/CA1207211A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-04-20 ZA ZA832771A patent/ZA832771B/en unknown
- 1983-05-13 AU AU14529/83A patent/AU553669B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-07-06 JP JP58121728A patent/JPS5959298A/en active Pending
- 1983-07-29 ES ES524570A patent/ES524570A0/en active Granted
- 1983-08-17 SE SE8304460A patent/SE444929B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-08-24 IT IT22635/83A patent/IT1163931B/en active
- 1983-09-22 DE DE19833334245 patent/DE3334245A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-09-26 PH PH29588A patent/PH19027A/en unknown
- 1983-09-26 FR FR8315252A patent/FR2533549A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-09-27 GB GB08325831A patent/GB2127801B/en not_active Expired
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1985
- 1985-10-24 SG SG800/85A patent/SG80085G/en unknown
- 1985-12-05 HK HK978/85A patent/HK97885A/en unknown
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JPS5959298A (en) | 1984-04-05 |
AU1452983A (en) | 1984-04-05 |
SE444929B (en) | 1986-05-20 |
IT8322635A0 (en) | 1983-08-24 |
SE8304460D0 (en) | 1983-08-17 |
CA1207211A (en) | 1986-07-08 |
DE3334245A1 (en) | 1984-03-29 |
AU553669B2 (en) | 1986-07-24 |
FR2533549A1 (en) | 1984-03-30 |
PH19027A (en) | 1985-12-05 |
ES8502410A1 (en) | 1985-01-01 |
GB2127801B (en) | 1985-07-31 |
SG80085G (en) | 1986-11-21 |
GB2127801A (en) | 1984-04-18 |
ZA832771B (en) | 1984-01-25 |
GB8325831D0 (en) | 1983-10-26 |
SE8304460L (en) | 1984-03-28 |
ES524570A0 (en) | 1985-01-01 |
HK97885A (en) | 1985-12-13 |
IT1163931B (en) | 1987-04-08 |
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