IT8321252A0 - Strutture in grafite impregnata rinforzata e procedimento di ottenimento. - Google Patents

Strutture in grafite impregnata rinforzata e procedimento di ottenimento.

Info

Publication number
IT8321252A0
IT8321252A0 IT8321252A IT2125283A IT8321252A0 IT 8321252 A0 IT8321252 A0 IT 8321252A0 IT 8321252 A IT8321252 A IT 8321252A IT 2125283 A IT2125283 A IT 2125283A IT 8321252 A0 IT8321252 A0 IT 8321252A0
Authority
IT
Italy
Prior art keywords
structures
processing procedure
impregnated graphite
reinforced impregnated
reinforced
Prior art date
Application number
IT8321252A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
IT1169418B (it
IT8321252A1 (it
Inventor
Jean Marie Hubert
Jean Michel Bauer
Serge Mollet
Original Assignee
Lorraine Carbone
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lorraine Carbone filed Critical Lorraine Carbone
Publication of IT8321252A0 publication Critical patent/IT8321252A0/it
Publication of IT8321252A1 publication Critical patent/IT8321252A1/it
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of IT1169418B publication Critical patent/IT1169418B/it

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/047Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of fibres or filaments
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/02Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/005Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
    • B32B9/007Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile comprising carbon, e.g. graphite, composite carbon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/52Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/02Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of carbon, e.g. graphite
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/02Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
    • B01J2219/0204Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components
    • B01J2219/0245Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components of synthetic organic material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/02Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
    • B01J2219/025Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties characterised by the construction materials of the reactor vessel proper
    • B01J2219/0272Graphite
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046Synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101Glass fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/105Ceramic fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/905Materials of manufacture
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/902High modulus filament or fiber
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/30Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y10T442/3528Three or more fabric layers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y10T442/3528Three or more fabric layers
    • Y10T442/3569Woven fabric layers impregnated with a thermosetting resin
    • Y10T442/3577Phenolic resin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/659Including an additional nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/67Multiple nonwoven fabric layers composed of the same inorganic strand or fiber material

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
IT21252/83A 1982-05-28 1983-05-24 Strutture in grafite impregnata rinforzata e procedimento di ottenimento IT1169418B (it)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8209327A FR2527593B1 (fr) 1982-05-28 1982-05-28 Structures en graphite impregne renforce et procede d'obtention

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
IT8321252A0 true IT8321252A0 (it) 1983-05-24
IT8321252A1 IT8321252A1 (it) 1984-11-24
IT1169418B IT1169418B (it) 1987-05-27

Family

ID=9274433

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IT21252/83A IT1169418B (it) 1982-05-28 1983-05-24 Strutture in grafite impregnata rinforzata e procedimento di ottenimento

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4496621A (it)
JP (1) JPS5930787A (it)
DE (1) DE3319296C2 (it)
FR (1) FR2527593B1 (it)
GB (1) GB2120975B (it)
IT (1) IT1169418B (it)

Families Citing this family (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0150932B1 (en) * 1984-01-27 1989-03-15 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Reinforced fibre products and process of making
DE3509919A1 (de) * 1985-03-19 1986-09-25 GEA Wiegand GmbH, 7505 Ettlingen Kompakt-blockwaermetauscher aus impraegniertem graphit
US4706912A (en) * 1985-12-16 1987-11-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Structural external insulation for hypersonic missiles
US4724173A (en) * 1986-01-29 1988-02-09 The Board Of Governors For Higher Education, State Of Rhode Island Method of preventing gel coat blistering in fiber glass reinforced polymers
DE3768564D1 (de) * 1986-06-16 1991-04-18 Lorraine Carbone Thermische verbindung mit starkem uebertragungskoeffizient und verwendungen zur abkuehlung einer einem intensiven thermischen fluss ausgesetzten anordnung.
US4867235A (en) * 1986-10-20 1989-09-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Composite heat transfer means
US4832118A (en) * 1986-11-24 1989-05-23 Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchanger
DE3873008D1 (de) * 1987-09-28 1992-08-27 Welker Paul Ag Verfahren zum herstellen von ruehrern fuer reaktionsbehaelter.
US4818584A (en) * 1987-12-03 1989-04-04 General Dynamics Corp. Arresting delamination in composite laminate
DE3820866C2 (de) * 1988-06-21 1996-06-05 Sgl Technik Gmbh Rohr für Rohrbündelwärmeaustauscher
US4963301A (en) * 1988-06-28 1990-10-16 Kaiser Aerotech Method for fabrication of refractory composite tubing
US5092948A (en) * 1989-01-03 1992-03-03 The Regents Of The Univ, Of California Fiber reinforced laminated ceramic composites and method thereof
DE4004475A1 (de) * 1990-02-14 1991-08-22 Man Technologie Gmbh Knochenimplantat
DE4024021A1 (de) * 1990-07-28 1992-01-30 Ringsdorff Werke Gmbh Kohlenstoffhaltiges gleitstueck
DE9108052U1 (de) * 1991-06-29 1991-08-14 Sigri GmbH, 8901 Meitingen Druckfestes, wärmeisolierendes Teil eines Preßstempels für eine Heißpresse
US5222769A (en) * 1992-02-26 1993-06-29 Kaempen Charles E Double-wall composite pipe and coupling structure assembly
US5700342A (en) * 1993-06-30 1997-12-23 Simmonds Precision Products Inc. Composite enclosure for electronic hardware
FR2713512B1 (fr) * 1993-12-14 1996-01-19 Lorraine Carbone Eléments diffuseurs facilitant le transfert de matière dans des réactions solide-gaz.
DE19544871C2 (de) * 1995-12-01 1998-02-26 Hoechst Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung und Aufarbeitung von fluorhaltigen organischen Verbindungen
US6197149B1 (en) 1997-04-15 2001-03-06 Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. Production of insulating varnishes and multilayer printed circuit boards using these varnishes
US6895883B2 (en) * 2001-03-12 2005-05-24 Charles F. Coles Powered boat hull
DE102009054910A1 (de) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-22 Sgl Carbon Se, 65203 Faserarmierter Körper
EP2908083A1 (de) 2014-02-13 2015-08-19 Ald Vacuum Technologies GmbH Verwendung eines Materials umfassend eine verpresste Mischung von Graphit und Glas zur Kühlung
JP7377039B2 (ja) * 2019-09-19 2023-11-09 イビデン株式会社 炭素複合材

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2956281A (en) * 1954-09-08 1960-10-11 Edward B Mcmillan Dielectric walls for transmission of electromagnetic radiation
FR1356266A (fr) * 1962-12-13 1964-03-27 Lorraine Carbone Enrobage étanche pour pièces composées de graphite pyrolytique et de graphite polycristallin ou d'un matériau réfractaire
DE2153309A1 (de) * 1970-10-30 1972-05-04 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo K.K., Tokio- Sandwichplatte und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
US3933643A (en) * 1971-09-10 1976-01-20 The Carborundum Company Electrically conducting filter media for fluids
GB1450791A (en) * 1973-05-18 1976-09-29 Vickers Ltd Sound absorbing materials
GB1490347A (en) * 1974-02-08 1977-11-02 Dunlop Ltd Friction members
GB1589716A (en) * 1976-07-31 1981-05-20 Ass Paper Ind Footwear components
US4134451A (en) * 1976-12-23 1979-01-16 Conant Louis A Heat exchanger elements and other chemical processing elements comprising metal coated, heat stabilized impervious graphite
DE3116309C2 (de) * 1981-04-24 1985-05-02 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh, 8901 Meitingen Graphitrohr

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2527593A1 (fr) 1983-12-02
FR2527593B1 (fr) 1986-05-02
JPS5930787A (ja) 1984-02-18
IT1169418B (it) 1987-05-27
GB8314820D0 (en) 1983-07-06
GB2120975B (en) 1986-01-15
DE3319296C2 (de) 1986-11-27
GB2120975A (en) 1983-12-14
JPS632919B2 (it) 1988-01-21
DE3319296A1 (de) 1983-12-01
IT8321252A1 (it) 1984-11-24
US4496621A (en) 1985-01-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
IT8321252A0 (it) Strutture in grafite impregnata rinforzata e procedimento di ottenimento.
BR8503139A (pt) Composicoes termoestaveis condutores e processo para uso das mesmas
DK157974C (da) Transportabel forraads- og/eller lagerbeholder
IT1207033B (it) Metodo di pavimentazione e benna per l'uso in detto metodo.
IT8423963A0 (it) Procedimento per la lavorazione dimateriali compositi.
DE3364722D1 (de) Expansable bolt
ES526362A0 (es) Perfeccionamientos en cerraduras de pulsador
ES521744A0 (es) Procedimiento para preparar ciclohexanol y ciclohexanona.
ES518938A0 (es) Mejoras en la construccion de herramientas aplicadoras de marbete.
MX162347A (es) Composicion polimerica reforzada y metodo para elaborar la misma
FI831750L (fi) Omlaenkningsanordning i en bandtransportoer.
KR880004523A (ko) 함침형 음극 및 그 제조방법
BR8304299A (pt) Aperfeicoamentos em elevador-armazenador de graos
ES527200A0 (es) Perfeccionamientos en excavadoras
NO160282C (no) Garn- og notopphalingsblokk eller saakalt kraftblokk.
IT1233250B (it) Superconduttore elettrico e procedimento per la sua fabbricazione.
IT8222213A0 (it) Procedimento per l'ottenimento di un cemento rinforzato con fibre di acciaio e cemento in tal modo ottenuto.
ES518787A0 (es) Perfeccionamientos en telemanipuladores.
ES519631A0 (es) Procedimiento de realizacion de cojinetes y disposicion correspondiente.
ES514307A0 (es) Procedimiento para prevenir y evitar la fatiga en piezas rotativas.
ATE22141T1 (de) Decken in verbundbauweise.
IT8421801A0 (it) Scambio di smistamento universale con tratto rettilineo e tratto di diramazione.
BR6200611U (pt) Aperfeicoamentos em silenciosos
ES514775A0 (es) Mejoras en la construccion de maquinas para sellar y lacrar.
IT8201245V0 (it) Sopratacco con fascetta di contenimento e rifinitura

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
TA Fee payment date (situation as of event date), data collected since 19931001

Effective date: 19970429