IT202200021114A1 - Polymer electrolyte fuel cell production plant - Google Patents

Description

Title: ?Polymer electrolyte fuel cell production plant?

DESCRIPTION

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a plant for the production of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFC), in accordance with claim 1.

? A further object of the present invention is a process for producing polymer electrolyte fuel cells carried out using the system of the present invention.

State of the Art

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFCs) cleanly and efficiently convert chemical energy, contained in hydrogen-rich fuels (reformed gases), into high-quality electrical energy through an electrochemical process that avoids the formation of pollutants. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells contain a polymer electrolyte consisting of a perfluorinated polymer containing sulfonic acid groups, two electrode layers (anode, cathode), two bipolar plates (e.g. graphite or metal material) and two gaskets. Specifically, fuel cells comprise a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) element comprising the catalyzed polymer membrane and two electrolytic layers (anode, cathode) supported on two gas diffusion layers (GDL), constituting the anode and cathode. The membrane separates the oxidation-reduction half-reactions.

The current process involves the production of polymer electrolyte fuel cells using a batch plant (also known as separate operating units or stations) and related process. The assembly of the same in series leads to stacks of cells that can be modulated according to the power required in operation.

Specifically, known systems include a series of stations arranged in a factory whose connection is achieved indirectly by operators or robots that act on the semi-finished products, transporting them from one station to another until the final product is obtained.

Classical plants include production stations and related machines for the following phases:

- deposition of the sealing layer on bipolar plates by e.g. screen printing, - drying of the sealing layer;

- deposition of already composed MEA electrode/membrane;

- Pressing of the bipolar plate layers, sealant, membrane electrolyte, - stacking of the individual cells to form the desired stack.

Therefore, the known assembly processes of fuel cells require additional plants. Specifically, two processes and related plants are known for the production and assembly of the single cell unit, distinguished by the method of deposition of the catalytic ink. The first process consists of depositing the catalyst layer on a porous gas diffusion layer (GDL) such as graphite cloths and subsequent hot pressing together with the membrane. This first process is commonly known as catalyst-coated substrate (CCS). The second known process involves depositing the catalyst layer directly on the membrane. This second process is referred to as catalytic membrane (CCM). It should be noted that there are different methodologies for depositing the catalyst layer, such as: manual painting, ink painting and sputter deposition. These methods, not being inserted in a continuous line, require different stations and long execution times before moving on to the next phase of handling the semi-finished product.

Problems of the Prior Art

The use of batch processes and related equipment used for the assembly of stack fuel cells leads to an increase in production times, which is reflected in the costs of polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

In fact, each station of the cell assembly plant, being isolated from the others and connected only by means of robotic systems and personnel, reduces productivity and increases costs. Furthermore, the stack construction times are added to the times mentioned above. Specifically, these plants first of all lead to an increase in the transport times of the semi-finished products from one station to the next. The waiting times of the semi-finished products must then be considered, depending on the assembly speed possibly subject to incorrect passage of the semi-finished products from one station to the next.

A further disadvantage of the known processes and plants for the assembly of the cell is the need to have separate and distinct plants for the production of the MEA unit, with a consequent increase in production costs. Furthermore, it should be noted that each of the known processes and plants CCS and CCM has relative disadvantages related to the time required for the correct deposition of the catalyst. In fact, these processes require the sequential deposition of the catalytic layer on each surface before moving on to the subsequent phases. Specifically, the catalyst layer is deposited first on one side of the membrane and then, at a later time, on the opposite side of the membrane in the CCM process. In the CCS method, the catalyst is deposited on porous layers of the two electrolytic elements, which will then be assembled.

Furthermore, catalyst deposition technologies for membrane electrolyte production have further disadvantages, such as inhomogeneous layer deposition.

Specifically, manual painting requires repetition of the painting and drying procedure to obtain the final product. This increases costs and does not guarantee rapid mass production of cells. As previously mentioned, this methodology is difficult to control in terms of uniformity of deposition of the component layers, since it is affected by the manual skill and experience of the operator. Spray painting does not allow for a reduction in the catalyst load and requires frequent maintenance in order to avoid nozzle clogging due to catalyst particles. Finally, the sputter deposition methodology involves high installation costs related to clean rooms, Pt targets and low-pressure vacuum equipment. Furthermore, there is a high possibility of catalyst waste if the spray gun is not correctly directed towards its target. Waste could also be due to target reflection if the catalyst particles do not adhere to the gas diffusion layer.

Purpose of the Invention

The purpose of the invention in question is to create a system for the production of polymer electrolyte fuel cells capable of overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art mentioned above.

In particular, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a plant for the production of polymer electrolyte fuel cells capable of reducing the production times of the cells themselves and promoting mass production, reducing overall manufacturing costs.

The specified technical task and the specified purposes are substantially achieved by a plant for the production of polymer electrolyte fuel cells comprising the technical characteristics set out in one or more of the attached claims.

Advantages of the invention

Advantageously, the production plant of the present invention allows to reduce the production time of each polymer electrolyte fuel cell.

Advantageously, the production plant of the present invention allows for the mass production of polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Further features and advantages of the present invention will become clearer from the indicative and therefore non-limiting description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of a plant for the production of polymer electrolyte fuel cells as illustrated in the attached drawings:

- figure 1 shows a block schematic view of a plant for the production of polymer electrolyte fuel cells, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

- figure 2 shows a block schematic view of a plant for the production of polymer electrolyte fuel cells, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

- Figure 3 shows a schematic view of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Even if not explicitly highlighted, the individual features described in reference to the specific creations must be understood as accessory and/or interchangeable with other features, described in reference to other examples of creation.

The present invention relates to a plant for the production of polymer electrolyte fuel cells, preferably PEMFC, indicated overall with 1 in the figures.

For the purposes of the present invention, each polymer electrolyte fuel cell 10 comprises at least one MEA element 11, i.e., a membrane electrolyte element. Each MEA element 11 comprises the electrolyte layers and a catalyzed proton exchange polymer membrane i.e., catalytic electrode layers 15. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell 10 comprises a base bipolar plate 12 and a cover bipolar plate 13. It should be noted that the MEA element is interposed between the base bipolar plate 12 and the cover bipolar plate 13.

It is worth noting that the catalyst used for the MEA element in the catalytic electrode layers 15 is preferably made of Pt or a Pt/Rh mixture.

Specifically, the MEA element 11 comprises a polymer electrolyte layer 14 having two opposed deposition surfaces 14a, 14b adapted for the deposition of the catalytic electrode layers 15 comprising a cathode layer and an anode layer deposited on at least a portion of each deposition surface 14a, 14b and a gas diffusion layer (GDL) 16 deposited on each catalytic electrode layer 15.

Preferably, the MEA element 11 defines a multilayer structure having as central layer the polymer electrolyte layer 14, as intermediate layers the catalyzed cathode and anode layers, i.e. the catalytic electrode layers 15 deposited respectively on each deposition surface 14a, 14b and as external layers the gas diffusion layers 16, i.e. supported by the gas diffusion layers 16.

The polymer electrolyte layer 14 comprises materials based on polymers derived from perfluoro sulfonic acids (PFSA) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), commercially called Nafion, or non-fluorinated or partially fluorinated polymers. Preferably, the polymer electrolyte layer 14 comprises a Nafion ribbon. The electrolyte layer 14 has the function of separating the oxidation-reduction half-reactions and has proton exchange properties. The catalytic electrode layers 15 are obtained from inks based on carbon black and organic solvent or catalyst with platinum nanoparticles mixed with carbon. The gas diffusion layer 16 is a porous support that has the function of transporting the reagent gas, distributing it uniformly on the electrodes and allowing a correct flow of electrons into the circuit. Preferably, the gas diffusion layer 16 is a porous support that has the function of transporting the reagent gas, distributing it uniformly on the electrodes and allowing a correct flow of electrons into the circuit. consisting of a macroporous layer made of a sheet or fabric of carbon 300-400 ?m thick treated with a hydrophobic agent such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to make the material hydrophobic. In addition, there is a microporous layer 10-100 ?m thick, made by coating the macroporous layer with a mixture of carbon black (carbon powder) and PTFE.

The polymer electrolyte layer 14 has a thickness of between 10 and 100 ?m of Nafion, the catalytic layer has a thickness of between 0.1 ?m and 50 ?m, the cathode and anode layers have a thickness of between 150 ?m and 405 ?m. The combination of the catalytic layer and the electrode layer, deposited in sequence or mixed and then deposited, are indicated by 15. Finally, the bipolar plates 12, 13 are metal or graphite-filled resin plates with a thickness of between 300 ?m and 2000 ?m. Other materials used considered for the bipolar plates 12, 13 are: aluminum, stainless steel, conductive composite material. It should be noted that the bipolar plates 12, 13 have the dual function of uniformly spreading the fuel and the oxidant inside the cell and of removing the reaction products. They are connected to the external circuit and provide mechanical stability to the entire assembly [1],[2].

Plant 1 comprises a deposition line 100, configured to produce one or more MEA elements 11, and an assembly line 400 associated with the deposition line 100 and configured to assemble the MEA elements 11 with the bipolar plates 12, 13, obtaining the polymer electrolyte fuel cells 10.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the deposition line 100 and the assembly line 400 are coordinated, preferably synchronized, for the production of polymer electrolyte fuel cells 10.

The storage line 100 comprises a plurality of storage units (or operating stations) 20 preferably connected in series. It should be noted that the plurality of storage units 20 are configured to produce and handle membrane electrolyte elements 11.

Preferably, the storage units of the plurality of storage units 20 are arranged adjacent to each other or in series one after the other so that the materials/semi-finished products exiting from a storage unit continuously enter the next storage unit for obtaining polymer electrolyte fuel cells 10. It should be noted, in the present case, that the material can be understood as a layer of polymer electrolyte such as Nafion 14 which is spread by means of relative systems, as clarified below. On this polymer layer, the catalytic electrode layer 15 is deposited on both sides, for example using additive manufacturing techniques 30. This semi-finished product is subsequently heat treated with UV/IR lamps and sent to the next station to be assembled to the two GDLs by means of a press system.

The deposition line 100 comprises handling means 200, 500, configured to continuously move the electrolyte layer 14, having two opposing deposition surfaces 14a, 14b between the operating stations. Such handling means 200, 500 are configured to continuously move the electrolyte layer 14 on which the additional layers are deposited. Specifically, the handling means 200, 500 have first handling means 200 and second handling means 500 arranged in series and associated with each other to move the electrolyte layer 14 as well as the related products deriving from it. It should be noted that the first handling means 200 and the second handling means 500 are coordinated with each other together with the deposition units 20 to continuously move the electrolyte layer 14 and the related products deriving from it.

The first handling means 200 are configured to move the electrolyte layer 14 while keeping it under tension for the deposit of the subsequent layers. The second handling means 500 are configured to move the electrolyte layer 14 on which the other layers have been deposited as well as the multilayer structure 17, i.e. the MEA element 11.

The combination of the operating stations and the handling means 200, 500 allows the production of the MEA 11 elements in continuous flow.

It should be noted that the subsequent combination of the depot line 100 and the assembly line 400 allows for the continuous flow production of fuel cells equipped with bipolar plates, implementing a single production cycle for the production of fuel cells 10.

It is worth noting that plant 1 involves the production of membrane electrolyte elements 10, acting on the electrolyte layer 14 until the production of the MEA element 11 followed by assembly with the bipolar plates 12, 13.

Specifically, the first handling means 200 are configured to pick up the electrolyte layer 14 while keeping it taut and to move it between the plurality of deposition units 20. It should be noted that the first handling means 200 provide for stretching the electrolyte layer 14 so that the relative deposition surfaces 14a, 14b are kept taut and for transporting the semi-finished products exiting the deposition units 20. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the first handling means 200 comprise a plurality of rollers 210 arranged along the first production line so as to apply, preferably continuously, a traction force on the electrolyte layer 14 to move it and keep it taut at the same time. Preferably, the first handling means 200 comprise multiple rollers 210. load cells 220 arranged in series and configured to act on the electrolyte layer 14 on both deposition surfaces 14a, 14b, so as to move it along the production line 100.

The second handling means 500 are configured to receive and transport the layers once the multilayer structures 17 have been defined as well as to transport the MEA elements 11. Preferably, the second handling means 500 comprise conveyor belts (possibly vacuumed).

It should be noted that the electrolyte layer 14 has a reduced thickness compared to its extension in length and width dimensions, specifically the electrolyte layer 14. Preferably, the reduced thickness dimension compared to its extension in length and width dimensions for the electrolyte layer 14 can also be applied to the catalytic electrode layers 15 and gas diffusion layers 16.

The plurality of deposition units 20 comprises a first deposition unit 30 configured to deposit, on at least a portion of each deposition surface 14a, 14b of the electrolyte layer 14, the catalytic electrode layers 15. Specifically, the first deposition unit 30 is configured to deposit on the deposition surfaces 14a, 14b at least one catalytic electrode layer 15. In detail, the first deposition unit 30 is configured to continuously deposit a catalytic electrode layer 15 on the surfaces 14a, 14b of the electrolyte layer 14, moved by the first movement means 200.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the first deposition unit 30 is configured to deposit the catalytic electrode layers 15 simultaneously on each of the deposition surfaces 14a, 14b of the electrolyte layer 14. Specifically, the first deposition unit 30 is configured to deposit a catalytic electrode layer 15 on both deposition surfaces 14a, 14b as the electrolyte layer 14 passes through the relevant unit. Such deposition preferably occurs in a continuous flow so as to reduce production times.

Preferably, the first deposition unit 30 is configured to deposit the catalytic electrode layers 15 symmetrically on each deposition surface 14a, 14b of the electrolyte layer 14. Specifically, the first deposition unit 30 is configured to deposit the catalytic electrode layers 15 on deposition areas of the deposition surfaces 14a, 14b that are symmetrical with respect to the electrolyte layer 14 itself. In detail, the first deposition unit 30 is configured to symmetrically produce a semi-finished product comprising the electrolyte layer 14 at its center and symmetrical catalytic electrode layers 15 on the deposition surfaces 14a, 14b.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the first deposition unit 30 is configured to deposit each catalytic electrode layer 15 by inkjet printing. Preferably, the first deposition unit 30 provides for inkjet printing a catalytic electrode layer 15 on both deposition surfaces 14a, 14b. In accordance with the present embodiment, the first deposition unit 30 comprises inkjet printing devices 31 where each inkjet device is associated with a deposition surface 14a, 14b. In this way, simultaneous and preferably symmetrical printing of the catalytic electrode layers 15 on each deposition surface 14a, 14b is made possible.

In accordance with an alternative embodiment to the previous one, illustrated in figure 2, the first deposition unit 30 is configured to deposit each catalytic electrode layer 15 by rotary moulding 32. Preferably, the first deposition unit 30 provides for rotary printing a catalytic electrode layer, preferably by flexography or silkscreen printing on both deposition surfaces 14a, 14b. In accordance with the present embodiment, the first deposition unit 30 comprises rotary printing devices 32 where each device is associated with a deposition surface 14a, 14b. In this way, the simultaneous and preferably symmetrical printing of the catalytic electrode layers 15 on each deposition surface 14a, 14b is made possible.

The plurality of deposition units 20 comprises a second deposition unit 40 configured to deposit on each electrolyte deposition surface 14a, 14b gas diffusion layers 16 at least on the deposited catalytic electrode layers 15 defining multilayer structures 17. The second deposition unit 40, arranged downstream of the first deposition unit 30 receives as input the semi-finished product coming from the previous units along the deposition line 100. Preferably, the second deposition unit 40 is configured to deposit the gas diffusion layer 16 on each electrolyte surface 14a, 14b to cover at least the catalytic electrode layers 15. More preferably, the second deposition unit 40 is configured to deposit the gas diffusion layer 16 on each electrolyte surface 14a, 14b to cover at least the catalytic electrode layers 15. configured to deposit the gas diffusion layer 16 on each surface of the electrolyte 14a, 14b to cover at least the catalytic electrode layers 15 continuously. Specifically, as the electrolyte layer 14 with the catalytic electrode layers 15 passes into the second deposition unit 40, the second deposition unit 40 continuously deposits the related gas diffusion layers 16.

It should be noted that the multilayer structures 17 comprise the electrolyte layer 14, the catalytic electrode layers 15 and the gas diffusion layers 16. The multilayer structure 17 has a thickness ranging from 160?m to 555?m.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the second deposition unit 40 is configured to deposit, simultaneously on each of the deposition surfaces 14a, 14b of the electrolyte layer 14, the gas diffusion layer 16 on the previously deposited catalytic electrode layers 15. Specifically, the second deposition unit 40 is configured to deposit the gas diffusion layers 16 on both deposition surfaces 14a, 14b to cover at least the catalytic electrode layers 15 during passage of the electrolyte layer 14 in the respective deposition unit.

Preferably, the second deposition unit 40 is configured to deposit gas diffusion layers 16 symmetrically on each deposition surface 14a, 14b of the electrolyte layer 14 at least on the catalytic electrode layers 15. Specifically, the second deposition unit 40 is configured to deposit the gas diffusion layers 16 at least on the deposition areas of the deposition surfaces 14a, 14b symmetrical with respect to the electrolyte layer 14 itself where the catalytic electrode layers have been deposited. In detail, the second deposition unit 40 is configured to symmetrically produce a semi-finished product comprising the electrolyte layer at the center and on the deposition surfaces 14a, 14b symmetrical catalytic electrode layers 15 assembled to the relative gas diffusion layers 16.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the second deposition unit 40 is configured to deposit the gas diffusion layers 16 by unrolling and compressing the gas diffusion layers 16 onto both deposition surfaces 14a, 14b, to cover at least the deposited catalytic electrode layers 15.

Preferably, the second unit? of the deposition surface 40 comprises unwinding devices 41 configured to unwind the gas diffusion layers 16 on each deposition surface 14a, 14b and calendering devices 42 configured to compress the layers 14, 15, 16 together. Specifically, the unwinding devices 41 associated with the calendering devices 42 are configured to unwind, upon passage of the electrolyte layer 14 on which the catalytic electrode layers 15 have been deposited, the gas diffusion layers 16. Preferably, the calendering devices 42 are configured to receive at the input the electrolyte layer 14 with the catalytic electrolytic layers 15 and the gas diffusion layers 16 associated with each deposition surface 14a, 14b to cover at least the catalytic electrodes 15. In detail, the calendering devices 42 apply a compressive force between the incoming layers, so as to compress them together and define the multilayer structure 17, as well as traction to facilitate the exit of the multilayer structure from the calendering area. It should be noted that the unwinding devices 41, arranged upstream of the calendering devices 42, are necessary to ensure uniform deposit of the layers, preferably in a continuous manner.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the first deposition unit 30 is configured to continuously deposit on each deposition surface 14a, 14b of the electrolyte layer 14 the catalytic electrode layers 15 spaced apart by a spacing portion. Specifically, each catalytic electrode layer 15 is surrounded by a spacing portion of the electrolyte layer 14. Alternatively, the first deposition unit 30 is configured to continuously deposit on each deposition surface 14a, 14b of the electrolyte layer 14 the electrode layers 15, comprising substantially the entire deposition surface 14a, 14b of the electrolyte layer 14 or leaving a contour portion at the lateral edges of each deposition surface 14a, 14b. In a further embodiment, the catalytic electrode layers 15 are deposited on the deposition surfaces covering them entirely. In accordance with the above embodiments of deposition of the catalytic electrode layers 15, the second deposition unit 40 is configured to cover with the gas diffusion layers 16 the catalytic electrode layers 15 spaced from each other by the separation portions or to cover the deposition surfaces 14a, 14b except for the contour position or to cover the entire deposition surfaces 14a, 14b.

The plurality of storage units 20 includes a separation unit 50, configured to separate the multilayer structures 17 from each other to produce MEA elements 11.

Specifically, the separation unit 50, located downstream of the second storage unit 40, is configured to separate the multilayer structures 17 produced and received as semi-finished products from the previous units. The separation can occur by separating the multilayer structures 17 from each other by acting on the electrolyte layer 14, optionally on the gas diffusion layer 16 at the separation portions. Alternatively, the separation between the multilayer structures 17 can occur by acting directly on the multilayer structure and on the surrounding portion.

The multilayer structures 17, exiting from the second storage unit 40, are then moved by the second handling means 500, for example conveyor belts that connect the second storage unit 40 on the calendering side with the separation unit 50. That is, the second handling means 500 allow the multilayer structure 17 to enter the separation unit 50 to produce MEA elements 11.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the separation unit 50 is configured to separate the multilayer structures 17 from each other by cutting at least the electrolyte layer 14. Specifically, the electrolyte layer 14 being the base on which the other layers being separated are deposited, it is necessary for it to be cut to separate the multilayer structures 17 from each other. In accordance with the previously described deposition embodiments, the separation unit 50 is configured to cut the electrolyte layer 14 and optionally the gas diffusion layer 16 at the separation portions. Alternatively, the separation unit 50 is configured to cut the multilayer structure 17 as a whole and/or the electrolyte layer 14 and optionally the gas diffusion layer 16 at the surrounding portions.

It is worth noting that the separation unit 50 is configured to act on the semi-finished product exiting from the second storage unit 40 transported by the second handling means 500.

Preferably, the separation unit comprises one or more laser cutting devices 51 configured to separate the multilayer structures 17 obtaining MEA elements 11 of the desired dimensions.

Following the cutting phase, the produced MEA elements 11 are transferred to the assembly line 400 by means of a handling unit 60. Specifically, the plurality of storage units includes the handling unit 60 configured to handle each produced MEA element 11 to the assembly line 400. Specifically, the handling unit 60 is configured to handle the MEA elements 11, i.e. the elements produced by the storage line 100, to the assembly line 400. Specifically, the handling unit 60 is configured to pick up the MEA elements 11 from the separation unit 50 and move them to the assembly line 400 preferably in a continuous manner. In this way, the system allows the continuous production of the fuel cells 10.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the handling unit 60 includes automated means, such as industrial robots, configured to pick up the MEA elements 11 from the separation unit and move them to the assembly line 400. It should be noted, as clarified below, the storage line 100 and the assembly line 400 are synchronized to produce the fuel cells 10 in a continuous flow. Specifically, the handling unit 60 is synchronized with the assembly line 400 to position each produced MEA element 11 between two bipolar plates 12, 13 to produce polymer electrolyte fuel cells 10.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the plurality of storage units 20 comprises a first storage unit 70 arranged upstream of the first storage unit 30 configured for storing the electrolyte layer 14, e.g. Nafion, and preferably for tensioning it. The first storage unit 70 comprises an unwinder 71 where the electrolyte layer 14 is stored, e.g., by means of a reel positioned on the unwinder 71. Specifically, the first handling means 200 are configured, preferably together with the first storage unit 70, to pick up the electrolyte layer 14 from the first storage unit 70 to allow for tensioning it to be transported to the first deposition unit 30 for proper deposition of the layers. In order to correctly depose the catalytic electrode layers 15, the first handling means 200 comprise centering elements 230, arranged along the assembly line 100, configured to allow correct centering of the electrolyte layer 14.

More preferably, upstream of the deposition unit 30 there is a pretreatment unit 2 for treating the deposition surfaces 14a, 14b to improve the adhesion and surface tension properties of the electrolyte 14. Such treatment is, for example, the ?corona? treatment.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the plurality of deposition units 20 comprises a treatment unit 80 arranged between the first deposition unit 30 and the second deposition unit 40. The treatment unit 80 is configured to perform a fixing treatment of the catalytic electrode layers 15, deposited on the relative deposition surfaces 14a, 14b. Specifically, the treatment unit 80 is configured to act on the deposited catalytic electrode layers 15, preferably simultaneously on both deposition surfaces 14a, 14b so as to fix the layers themselves on the electrolyte layer 14. The treatment unit 80 is configured to continuously treat the electrolyte layer 14 passing through the first deposition unit 30 on which the catalytic electrode layers 15 have been deposited.

Preferably, the processing unit 80 is configured to fix the ink following the printing step performed at the first deposition unit 30. Specifically, the processing unit 80 is configured to perform a curing treatment on the deposited catalytic electrode layers 15. For example, the processing unit 80 may comprise UV fixing devices or IR fixing devices 81 acting on each deposition surface 14a, 14b of the electrolyte layer 14, on which the catalytic electrode layers 15 have been deposited so as to fix them to each other.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the plurality of storage units 20 comprises a tensioning unit 90, arranged between the second storage unit 40 and the separation unit 50, configured to facilitate the extraction of the multilayer structures 17 by generating a tensile force for their movement. The tensioning unit 90 may comprise, for example, suction tensioning devices 91. Such suction tensioning devices 91 may then be associated with the handling means 500 in order to continuously transport the products exiting the second storage unit 40.

In detail, the deposition line 100 allows to sequentially deposit one or more layers on the electrolyte layer until the elements are produced by separation.

The deposition line 100 has a production rate of MEA elements 11 preferably between one and twenty-five elements per minute (depending on the size and geometry of the cells).

The assembly line 400 is configured to receive the MEA elements 11 at the input so as to assemble them with the relative bipolar plates 12, 13 to produce the PEM fuel cells 10. Specifically, the assembly line 400 is synchronized with the handling unit 60 and with the storage line 100 to receive the MEA elements 11 on the base bipolar plate 12 to be subsequently assembled with the cover bipolar plate 13.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the plurality of assembly units 300 comprises a coordination unit 310 associated with the movement unit 60, configured to receive on the bipolar base plate 12 each MEA element 11 produced. Specifically, the coordination unit 310 is configured to move the bipolar plates 12, 13 and receive on the bipolar base plates 12 each MEA element 11 produced. Preferably, the coordination unit 310 is synchronized with the movement unit 60 so that the movement of the MEA elements 11 coincides with the position of the bipolar base plate 12. Specifically, the movement unit 60 is configured to pick up the MEA elements 11 from the coordination unit 310. separation elements 50 and deposit them on a storage position 600 on the assembly line 400, preferably in correspondence with a moved bipolar base plate 12. The coordination unit 310 is configured to move the bipolar plates 12, 13 such that the bipolar base plate 12 is in the storage position 600 to receive the MEA element 11. In this way, the coordination unit 310 allows the membrane electrolyte elements 11 to be positioned on the respective bipolar base plate 12.

Preferably, the coordination unit 310 comprises a conveyor belt 700, configured to move the bipolar plates 12, 13, coordinated with the movement unit 60 to position the MEA elements 11 on the relative base bipolar plate 12.

More preferably, the plurality of assembly units 300 includes a second storage unit 350 associated with the coordination unit 310 and configured to store the bipolar plates 12, 13. Specifically, the coordination unit 310 is configured to receive the bipolar plates 12, 13 from the second storage unit 350.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the plurality of assembly units 300 comprises a closure unit 320 configured to position the bipolar cover plates 13 on the bipolar base plates 12 containing the MEA elements 11. Specifically, the closure unit 320 is configured to pick up from the coordination unit 310, preferably from the conveyor belt, a bipolar cover plate 13 and to position it on a bipolar base plate 12 where the MEA element 11 has already been positioned. In this way, the closure unit 320 allows the PEM fuel cell 10 to be assembled. It should be noted that the closure unit 320 can be arranged in parallel or in series with the coordination unit 310.

Preferably, the closing unit 320 comprises robotic closing devices 321 configured to pick up closing plates 13 from the coordination unit 310, preferably from the conveyor belt 700, and place them on bipolar base plates 12 equipped with the MEA element 11.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the plurality of assembly units 300 comprises a pressing unit 330 configured to compress together the bipolar plates 12, 13 and the MEA element 11 to produce polymer electrolyte fuel cells 10. It should be noted that the pressing unit 330 is arranged downstream of the coordination unit 310 and is configured to receive the membrane electrolyte element 11 interposed between the bipolar plates 12, 13 to compress and secure together the bipolar plates 12, 13 and the membrane electrolyte element 11. Preferably, the pressing unit 330 is arranged downstream of the coordination unit 310 and is configured to receive the membrane electrolyte element 11 interposed between the bipolar plates 12, 13 to compress and secure together the bipolar plates 12, 13 and the membrane electrolyte element 11. pressing apparatus 330 includes hot pressing devices 331 for performing a compression of the MEA element 11 between bipolar plates 12, 13. The pressing, or sealing, step operates in a pressure range of between 500 and 1500 Psi, a temperature range of between 50 and 150?C and a time of between 1 and 15 minutes.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the plurality of assembly units 300 includes a third deposit unit 340 configured to deposit on the bipolar base plate 12 sealing elements 18 in defined sealing areas 19. Such sealing areas 19 are defined on the bipolar base plate 12. Preferably, the coordination unit 310 is configured to position the membrane electrolyte element 11 within the sealing area 19 by synchronizing with the movement unit 60 in the manner described above by coordinating both the deposit position 600 and the sealing area 19 for the membrane electrolyte element 11.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the third deposit unit 340 is configured to deposit sealing elements 18 also on the bipolar cover plate 13 in the sealing areas 19 defined on the bipolar cover plate 13. In this case, the closing unit is configured to position the bipolar cover plate 13 on the bipolar base plate 12 such that the sealing areas 19 overlap and delimit the MEA element 11.

Preferably, the third deposition unit 340 is configured to deposit sealing elements 18 by inkjet printing or flatbed screen printing or 3D printing with an extruder.

Preferably, the deposition line 100 preferably has a production rate of PEM cells 10 of between one and five cells per minute (depending on the size and geometry of the cells).

Preferably, the plant 1 comprises a control system associated with the depot line 100 and the assembly line 400 and the related line units as well as the handling means 200, 500. This control system is configured to manage and control the production of the PEM fuel cells 10. Specifically, the control system coordinates the movement of the electrolyte layer 14, the MEA elements 11 and the bipolar plates 12, 13 and the activation of the various units for the production of the membrane electrolyte elements 11 and for the assembly of the cells 10.

It is worth noting that the storage units 20 arranged in series along the storage line 100 are fed sequentially by the first handling means 200 with the electrolyte layer 14 and subsequently to the layer deposits by the second handling means 500. Each storage unit 20 sequentially receives the electrolyte layer 14 taken and the semi-finished products from the previous unit (i.e. the electrolyte layer on which the layers were deposited and then fixed). These storage units 20 are to be understood one after the other in order to reduce the processing time and the transition to the next one. Furthermore, the assembly line 400 is arranged in series with respect to the storage line 100 receiving at input the elements constituting the MEA 11 and then producing in sequence the PEM fuel cells 10.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the plant 1 is configured to produce stacks of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Specifically, a stack may comprise two or more polymer electrolyte fuel cells stacked one on top of the other sharing a bipolar plate. In detail, each polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacked to form a stack shares a bipolar plate with the adjacent cell along an overlapping direction. In other words, the bipolar plate between two cells is common between the two cells. In this embodiment, the plurality of assembly units 300 comprises pick-up and handling means (not illustrated) configured to pick up the product output from the pressing unit 330, for example a polymer electrolyte fuel cell 10 or a stack of two or more cells, and transport it to the coordination unit 310. In the present embodiment, the coordination unit 310 is therefore also configured to handle products from the unit 330. of pressing unit 330 such as cells and/or stacks. It should be noted that the operation of the assembly units 300 and the related assembly line 400 is similar to that previously described, replacing as the base bipolar plate 12 one of the bipolar plates of the product moved by the collection and handling means taken at the exit from the pressing unit 330. Therefore, the coordination unit is configured to move stacks or cells to position a produced MEA element 11 on the exposed bipolar plate of the cell or stack. In detail, the picked product replaces a base bipolar plate of the previous embodiment so as to deposit the MEA element on the exposed plate and position a bipolar cover plate on top of this bipolar plate. In this way, the pressing unit 330 is configured to compress the bipolar cover plate and the cell or stack together to produce a two-cell stack or a stack of cells greater than two. It should also be noted that the same actions performed on the bipolar plates of the previous embodiment can be performed on the bipolar plate of the cell or stack and the related bipolar cover plate. It should therefore be noted that in accordance with the present embodiment, one of the bipolar plates of the cell or stack of cells exiting the pressing unit acts as a base bipolar plate, as in the previous embodiment, and the system in terms of units acts on this bipolar plate as if it were the base bipolar plate of the previous embodiment.

? a further object of the present invention is a method for the production of polymer electrolyte fuel cells 10, each comprising an MEA element 11 placed between a base bipolar plate 12 and a cover bipolar plate 13. It should be noted that the method is carried out using the previously described system.

The method comprises a series of continuously performed steps performed by moving the electrolyte layer with the moving means 200, 500 and coordinating with the plurality of assembly units 300.

It is therefore worth noting that each phase of the method can be marked by the next one by an intermediate phase of movement of the electrolyte layer 14 for the deposition line 100 and by an intermediate phase of movement of the bipolar plates 12, 13 and/or the membrane electrolyte elements 11 for the assembly line 400. These intermediate movement phases preferably occur from one plant unit to the next (and/or the previous one).

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the method comprises the steps of providing a deposition line 100 comprising a plurality of deposition units 20 in series configured to deposit additional layers onto the electrolyte layer 14 producing MEA elements 11. The provided deposition line 100 also comprises handling means 200, 500 configured to move between the deposition units 20 an electrolyte layer 14 having two opposing deposition surfaces 14a, 14b. Preferably, the plurality of deposition units 20 comprise a first deposition unit 30, a second deposition unit 40, a separation unit 50 and a handling unit 60 having the functions and features described above. More preferably, the plurality of deposition units 20 may also comprise a first storage unit 70, a processing unit 80 and a handling unit 60. tensioning unit 90 and a pre-treatment unit 2 having the functions and characteristics previously described. It should be noted that the phase of providing the storage line 100 involves providing the related units and handling means 200, 500 in accordance with the preferred embodiments. These units are arranged in series in the manner previously described.

The provided handling means 200, 500 are configured to serially connect the deposition units 20 by moving the electrolyte layer 14 between them. Specifically, the handling means 200, 500 feature first 200 and second handling means 500. In detail, the first handling means 200 are configured to move the electrolyte layer between the first deposition unit 30 and the second deposition unit 40, while the second handling means are configured to move the electrolyte layer 14 on which the layers have been deposited, from the outlet of the second deposition unit 40 to the handling unit 60.

The method comprises a step of providing an assembly line 400 associated with the storage line 100 by means of the handling unit 60 and comprising a plurality of assembly units 400. Preferably, the plurality of assembly units 400 comprises a coordination unit 310, a closing unit 320, a pressing unit 330 having the functions previously described. More preferably the plurality of assembly units 400 may comprise a third storage unit 340 and a second storage unit 350 having the functions previously described. It should be noted that the step of providing the assembly line 300 involves providing the related units in accordance with the preferred embodiments.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the method comprises a preliminary step of unwinding the electrolyte layer 14 between the plurality of deposition units 20 at least up to the second deposition unit 40. Preferably, the method provides for maintaining the electrolyte layer 14 under tension between the units at least until the separation of the multilayer structures 17. More preferably, the method provides for surface treatments of the deposition surfaces of the electrolyte layer along the deposition line 100.

The method comprises a step a) of depositing by means of the first deposition unit 30 the catalytic electrode layers 15 on each deposition surface 14a, 14b of the electrolyte layer 14. Step a), carried out by means of the first deposition unit 30, provides for the deposition of the catalytic electrode layers 15 on each deposition surface 14a, 14b preferably on the portion of the electrolyte layer 14 present inside the unit itself. The catalytic electrode layers 15 are deposited simultaneously on both deposition surfaces 14a, 14b 14a, 14b preferably symmetrically with respect to the electrolyte layer 14. Specifically, the first deposition unit 30 provides for the deposition of the catalytic electrode layers 15 along a direction perpendicular to the deposition surfaces 14a, 14b on both deposition surfaces 14a, 14b. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, step a) involves depositing the catalytic electrode layers 15 by inkjet printing or rotary screen printing or flexography. Step a) produces a semi-finished product to be sent to subsequent units for the production of the MEA elements 11.

The deposition phase a) is performed continuously on the deposition surfaces of the electrolyte layer passing through the first deposition unit 30.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the method provides a treatment step for fixing the catalytic electrode layers 15 by means of a treatment unit downstream of the first deposition unit 30. In this way, the catalytic electrode layers 15 are fixed to the surfaces of the electrolyte 14 and are prepared for the subsequent steps.

The method then comprises step b) of continuously depositing the gas diffusion layer 16 on each deposition surface 14a, 14b by means of the second deposition unit 40. The gas diffusion layer 16, adhering to the catalytic electrode layers 15, defines the multilayer structures 17. Step b) involves depositing the gas diffusion layers 16 on each deposition surface covering the catalytic electrode layers 15 to produce multilayer structures 17. Such multilayer structures 17 may be separated by separation portions or surrounded by contour portions at the edges of the deposition surfaces or covering the entire deposition surfaces.

Preferably, step b) provides for the deposit of the gas diffusion layers 16 by compression through calendering on the catalytic electrode layers 15. More preferably, step b) provides for the simultaneous depositing of the gas diffusion layers on both deposition surfaces. Even more preferably, step b) provides for the simultaneous and symmetrical depositing of the gas diffusion layers 16 with respect to the electrolyte layer.

It should be noted that phases a) and b) involve acting on the same electrolyte layer 14 so that each deposition unit 20 acts on the relative deposition surfaces machined by the previous unit. Preferably, phases a) and b) are performed by means of the coordinated and synchronized transport of the electrolyte layer by means of the first handling means 200 and preferably by means of the tensioning means 90.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the method provides for a tensioning step by means of the tensioning unit 90 downstream of the second storage unit 40. The tensioning step provides for facilitating the extraction of the layers from the second storage unit 40. More preferably the second handling means 500 allow, together with the tensioning unit 90, to extract the product from the second storage unit 40.

It is worth noting that the layer deposition phases are performed on the surface facing the external environment. Specifically, the electrolyte layer 14 has two opposite deposition surfaces. The subsequent layers deposited on the electrolyte layer 14 will have relative surfaces facing the deposition surface of the previous layer and opposite deposition surfaces up to the gas diffusion layer where the deposition surface is free and facing the external environment.

The method comprises a step c) of separating the multilayer structures 17 by means of the separation unit 50 producing MEA elements 11. Specifically, step c) involves acting on the produced multilayer structures 17 in order to separate them to produce MEA elements 11. As previously described in the plant, step c) involves cutting at least the electrolyte layer 14 between the multilayer structures, optionally also the gas diffusion layer 16 and the catalytic electrolyte layers 15. In detail, step c) involves the production of a fuel cell component.

It is worth noting that phase c) and the phases carried out up to the handling unit 60 are carried out by moving the product exiting the second storage unit 40 using the second handling means 500.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the method comprises a handling step using the handling unit 60 to move the MEA elements 11 from the storage line 100 to the assembly line 400.

It is worth noting that the assembly line 400 and the deposition line 100 are coordinated with respect to the membrane electrolyte elements 11 produced.

The method comprises a step d) of assembling each MEA element 11 with the bipolar plates 12, 13 by means of the plurality of assembly units 300 to produce polymer electrolyte fuel cells 10. Specifically, step d) involves receiving the MEA elements 11 and arranging them between the bipolar plates 12, 13 so as to produce the polymer electrolyte fuel cells 10.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, step d) comprises a step d1) of positioning membrane electrolyte elements 11 on the base bipolar plates 12 by means of the coordination unit 310. This coordination unit 310 moves the bipolar plates 12,13 in order to correctly receive MEA elements 11 on the relevant bipolar plate 12. The coordination unit 310 is synchronized with the movement unit 60 to position and receive MEA elements 11 on the relevant base bipolar plate 12. Specifically, step d1) involves moving the base bipolar plate 12 to the storage position 600 to position the MEA element 11. Step d) comprises step d2) positioning the cover bipolar plate 13 on the base bipolar plate 12 on which it is positioned. the MEA element 11 has been positioned. Finally, phase d) comprises a phase d3) of compression of the bipolar plates 12, 13 and of the relative MEA element 11 arranged between them so as to produce the polymer electrolyte fuel cell 10. Preferably, phase d3) involves compressing and heat treating the bipolar plates 12, 13 and the MEA elements 11 to produce the polymer electrolyte cell 10 by means of the relative pressing unit 330.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, phase d) comprises a preliminary phase of removing the bipolar plates 12, 13 from the second storage unit 350 and positioning them in the coordination unit 310.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment, step d) comprises an intermediate sealing step via the third deposit unit 340 which deposits sealing elements 18 on the base bipolar plate 12, preferably also on the cover bipolar plate 13. Specifically, the intermediate step involves the definition of sealing areas 19.

The assembly steps are carried out in succession so that the external surfaces of the MEA element 11 face the relative surfaces of the bipolar plates 12, 13.

The method comprises the step of continuously performing steps a)-d) by coordinating the depot line 100 and the assembly line 300. In this way it is possible to continuously produce the polymer electrolyte fuel cells 10.

In accordance with the preferred embodiment for stack production, phase d) involves a phase of picking up the product exiting the pressing unit, for example, a cell or a stack, and positioning the product on the coordination unit. In this way, phase d) involves acting on the bipolar plate of the cell or stack exposed for processing as if it were the basic bipolar plate of the previously described embodiment. Specifically, phase d) involves moving the plates, the cell and/or the stack, depositing the MEA element, performing any sealing, positioning the bipolar cover plate and compressing with relative heat treatment to produce stacks of cells. According to the present embodiment, this phase can be repeated on new cells produced, thus producing stacks of two cells, or act on stacks of cells to increase the relative cells associated with a stack.

Claims (15)

1. Plant (1) for the production of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (10), each polymer electrolyte fuel cell (10) comprising a MEA element (11) interposed between a bipolar base plate (12) and a bipolar cover plate (13), said plant (1) being characterised in that it comprises: - a deposition line (100) comprising a plurality of deposition units (20) arranged in series and movement means (200, 500) configured to move between the deposition units (20) a layer of electrolyte (14) having two opposite deposition surfaces (14a, 14b), said plurality of deposition units (20) comprising: - a first deposition unit (30) configured to deposit on at least a portion of each deposition surface (14a, 14b) of the electrolyte layer (14) catalytic electrode layers (15); - a second deposition unit (40) configured to deposit on each electrolyte deposition surface (14a, 14b) gas diffusion layers (16) at least on the deposited catalytic electrode layers (15) defining multilayer structures (17); - a separation unit (50) configured to separate the multilayer structures (17) from each other to produce MEA elements (11); - a handling unit (60) configured to handle each MEA element (11) produced; - an assembly line (400) associated with the storage line (100) via the handling unit (60) and comprising a plurality of assembly units (300) configured to assemble the polymer electrolyte fuel cells (10). 2. The system (1) according to claim 1, wherein: - the first deposition unit (30) is configured to deposit the catalytic electrode layers (15) simultaneously on each of the deposition surfaces (14a, 14b) of the electrolyte layer (14); - the second deposition unit (40) is configured to simultaneously deposit on each of the deposition surfaces (14a, 14b) of the electrolyte layer (14) the gas diffusion layer (16) at least on the deposited catalytic electrode layers (15). 3. The system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: - the first deposition unit (30) is configured to deposit the catalytic electrode layers (15) symmetrically on each deposition surface (14a, 14b) of the electrolyte layer (14); - the second deposition unit (40) is configured to deposit gas diffusion layers (16) symmetrically on each deposition surface (14a, 14b) of the electrolyte layer (14) at least on the catalytic electrode layers (15). 4. The system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first deposition unit (30) is configured to deposit each catalytic electrode layer (15) by inkjet printing or rotary screen printing or flexography, said first deposition unit (30) comprising inkjet printing devices (31) or rotary screen printing devices (32) respectively associated with each deposition surface (14a, 14b) of the electrolyte layer (14). 5. The system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second deposition unit (40) is configured to deposit the gas diffusion layers (16) by unrolling and compressing the gas diffusion layers (16) onto both deposition surfaces (14a, 14b) to cover at least the deposited catalytic electrode layers (15), said second deposition unit (40) being configured to deposit the gas diffusion layers (16) onto both deposition surfaces (14a, 14b). of deposition (40) comprising unwinding devices (41) configured to unwind the gas diffusion layers (16) on each deposition surface (14a, 14b) and calendering devices (42) configured to compress the layers (14, 15, 16) together, said unwinding devices (41) being arranged upstream of the calendering devices (42), and said calendering devices (42) being associated respectively with each deposition surface (14a, 14b) of the electrolyte layer (14). 6. The system (1) according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the separation unit (50) is configured to separate the multilayer structures (17) from each other by cutting at least the electrolyte layer (14), said separation unit comprising one or more laser cutting devices (51) configured to separate the multilayer structures (17). 7. The system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the plurality of storage units (20) comprises - a first storage unit (70) arranged upstream of the first storage unit (30) configured to store the electrolyte layer (14) and together with the handling means (200) direct it to the subsequent storage units (20); the handling means (200) being configured to take the electrolyte layer (14) from the first storage unit (70) and transport it under voltage between the subsequent units of the plurality of storage units (20). 8. The system (1) according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the plurality of storage units (20) comprises: - a treatment unit (80) arranged between the first deposition unit (30) and the second deposition unit (40) and configured to perform a fixing treatment of the catalytic electrode layers (15) deposited on the relative deposition surfaces (14a, 14b); - a tensioning unit (90) arranged between the second storage unit (40) and the separation unit (50) and configured to extract the layers exiting from the second storage unit (40). 9. The system according to claim 8, wherein -the processing unit (80) comprises UV fixing devices or IR fixing devices (81) acting on each deposition surface (14a, 14b) of the electrolyte layer (14); - the tensioning unit (90) includes devices for suction tensioning (91). 10. The plant (1) according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first production line (100) and the second production line (400) are synchronized for the production of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (10) 11. The system (1) according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the plurality of assembly units (300) comprises: - a coordination unit (310) associated with the handling unit (60) and configured to receive on the bipolar base plate (12) each MEA element (11) produced; - a closing unit (320) configured to position bipolar cover plates (13) on bipolar base plates (12) containing the MEA element (11); -a pressing unit (330) configured to compress the bipolar plates (12, 13) and the MEA element (11) together to produce polymer electrolyte fuel cells (10). 12. The system (1) according to claim 11, wherein - the coordination unit (310) comprises a conveyor belt (700) configured to move the bipolar plates (12, 13) coordinated with the movement unit (60) to position the membrane electrolyte elements (11) on the relative base bipolar plate (12); - the closing unit (320) comprises robotic closing devices (321) configured to pick up one or more closing plates (13) from the conveyor belt (700) and place them on a bipolar base plate (12) equipped with a MEA element (11); - the pressing unit (330) comprises hot pressing devices (331) to perform a compression of the MEA element (11) between bipolar plates (12, 13) in a pressure range between 500 and 1500 Psi, in a temperature range between 50 and 150?C and in a time range between 1 and 15 minutes to produce polymer electrolyte fuel cells (10). 13. The system (1) according to claim 12, wherein the plurality of assembly units (300) comprises: - a third deposit unit (340) configured to deposit at least on the bipolar base plate (12) sealing elements (18) defining relative sealing areas (19); said coordination unit (310) is configured to position the MEA element (11) inside the sealing area (19). 14. The system (1) according to claim 13, wherein the third deposition unit (340) is configured to deposit sealing elements (18) by inkjet printing or flat screen printing, or 3D printing with an extruder, said third deposition unit (340) comprising devices for inkjet deposition or devices for flat screen printing. 15. A method for producing polymer electrolyte fuel cells (10), each polymer electrolyte fuel cell (10) comprising a MEA element (11) interposed between a base bipolar plate (12) and a cover bipolar plate (13), said method being characterised in that it comprises the steps of: - providing a deposition line (100) comprising a plurality of deposition units (20) in series and movement means (200, 500) configured to move between the deposition units (200) an electrolyte layer (14) having two opposite deposition surfaces (14a, 14b), said plurality of deposition units (20) comprising: - a first storage unit (30); - a second storage unit (40); - a separation unit (50); - a handling unit (60) - providing an assembly line (400) associated with the storage line (100) by means of the handling unit (60) and comprising a plurality of assembly units (400); a) depositing by means of said first deposition unit (30) the catalytic electrode layers (15) on each deposition surface (14a, 14b) of the electrolyte layer (14) b) depositing by means of said second deposition unit (40) a gas diffusion layer (16) on each deposition surface (14a, 14b) covering at least the catalytic electrode layers (15) and defining multilayer structures (17); c) separate the multilayer structures (17) by means of the separation unit (50) producing MEA elements (11); d) arranging each MEA element (11) between the bipolar plates by means of the plurality of assembly units (400) to produce polymer electrolyte fuel cells (10); - continuously performing said phases a)-d) by coordinating the deposition line (100) and the assembly line (400).