IT202100031778A1 - Scarifying tool and operating machine comprising this tool - Google Patents

Description

Title: Scarifying tool and operating machine including this tool.

DESCRIPTION

The present invention concerns a scarifying tool and an operating machine comprising this tool. The invention? was developed with particular reference to "special scarifications" in the construction and infrastructure sector, as defined below. In particular the invention? aimed at the removal of material such as concrete and/or asphalt, preferably along both curved and straight paths.

STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

In the construction and infrastructure sector? It is often necessary to carry out scarification operations intended as the removal of material. Scarification can have various motivations. For example, it is used for the restoration of buildings where part of the concrete or asphalt is removed to replace it with new layers. Can the surface to be restored? be of any type, for example the curved vault of a road tunnel, the curb of a viaduct, a flat wall of a retaining wall, etc.. Scarification can? it can also be used to dig or widen passages, such as road tunnels, internal chambers or similar, railway tunnels and adductor canals for water or hydroelectric basins, especially in the presence of hard layers of soil, such as rock.

Scarification can can also be used for demolition purposes, or for cutting material, for example to cut channels or dig trenches.

Traditional milling methods involve high-pressure water jets or milling machines mounted on traditional earthmoving machines or other machines with an operator arm such as the one proposed by the applicant himself in the Italian patent application no.

102021000007049.

In particular, the applicant's previous patent application proposes a milling machine with a layout including a carriage on which? mounted an articulated arm at the end of which? distal? place a cutter.

The previous question was aimed at a procedure for managing the power of the machine to give continuity? and uniformity? of work on the cutter.

Thanks to the subject of the previous patent application, the power available to the scarifying tool mounted on the machine can? be much more? higher than that available to a common earthmoving machine, for which the milling machines normally available on the market are inadequate.

An example of such milling machines? given in the previous European patent application n. EP3719209A2 by

This milling machine has a rotating cutting tool mounted cantilevered on a frame for depth adjustment needs. of excavation. A single engine? coupled to the rotating cutting tool via a coupling flange located inside the latter (fig. 5 of EP3719209A2).

From field experiences made by the applicant using this type of milling machine, it appears that its layout is not capable of dealing with great resistance from the material to be removed, and is it necessary to decrease the depth? of excavation by multiplying the number of passes.

Alongside this there are a number of other defects, such as the fact that excavated debris can easily damage it. The defect perhaps more? serious however? given by the fact that when digging concrete the reinforcing bars twist around the rotation axis and are dragged inside the rotating cutting tool in the area of coupling to the motor. The consequence ? serious damage to the engine, starting from the oil seal elements. Furthermore, in this position the twisted irons cannot be easily removed and require complete disassembly of the tool, with consequent suspension of work.

Purpose of the present invention? that of solving the problems of the prior art in whole or in part.

In particular, a preferred object of the present invention is? is to provide a tool with low needs? stop for restoration, in particular for penetration of debris and/or concrete rods twisted around the rotor, and/or which allows for easy and rapid restoration in case of need.

A further purpose of the present invention? provide a tool protected from the penetration of debris and excavated iron and which at the same time allows the use of very high hydraulic powers for high productivity.

A further purpose of the present invention? that of providing a machine that is easy and economical to manufacture.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

According to its first general aspect, the present invention concerns a scarifying tool (20) comprising at least one arm (38, 39) placed to support a cutter (40) in a rotatable manner around a rotation axis (Y), characterized by the fact that said arm (38, 39) supports means for receiving and guiding (92) any irons that the cutter (40) finds in the concrete during excavation and which it drags with it, where the receiving and guiding means (92) are arranged laterally to the cutter with reference to the axial direction. There? advantageously it allows the irons to be kept exposed for easy removal, for example by cutting with a flexible hose, preventing them from getting stuck between the shaft and the cutter, damaging for example the engine or other parts or simply requiring disassembly for their removal.

Preferably between the receiving and guiding means (92) and the cutter ? there is a cavity (100), arranged to generate a distance Z in the axial direction.

According to some preferred embodiments, the receiving and guiding means (100) comprise at least one guiding surface (93) of the irons with an inclination with respect to the rotation axis (Y) such as to guide said irons away from the cutter (40) .

In this case preferably the receiving and guiding means (92) comprise at least one rod affixed to one of said arms (38, 39) in a direction inclined with respect to the rotation axis (Y), where the affixing point is? proximal to said axis, and the extremity? opposite ? distal.

According to a preferable general characteristic, the tool includes rotatable coupling means (50, 52) placed between said arm (38, 39) and the cutter so as to define a gap (90) between them and the cutter in a radial direction, where said receiving and guiding means (92) are placed radially above said radial cavity (90) and lateral to it in the axial direction (Y). advantageously it creates a path that is difficult to access for the concrete bars that may be extracted by the cutter during excavation.

According to some preferred embodiments, said rotatable coupling means (52) are contained in a cavity? (47a, 47b) of the cutter, while said receiving and guiding means (92) are lateral to them.

Preferably said receiving and guiding means (92) have a maximum radial extension flush with the maximum external diameter of the cutter or smaller than it.

Preferably that the cutter (40) ? supported in proximity? of both its extremities? axial by respective two arms (38, 39) where the characteristics of said respective claims are present between each of the arms and the cutter.

According to a preferable general characteristic of the invention the cutter comprises a hollow cylindrical body (42) with an external cylindrical surface (44) with a diameter greater than or equal to 400 mm, for example greater than or equal to 450 mm, preferably equal to 478 mm , where the cylindrical body comprises at least a central zone with a thickness greater than or equal to 50 mm, for example greater than equal to 60mm, preferably greater than or equal to 70mm, for example equal to 74mm.

There? advantageously it creates a flywheel effect which allows regularization of operation when the cutter encounters variations in resistance in the excavated material, such as due to the presence of concrete bars.

According to a second general aspect, the invention concerns a milling machine comprising an undercarriage (5), a carriage (10) and means for rotatable coupling (12) between them around a vertical axis (X), where:

- the carriage supports an arm (15) at the end of which? distal? place a scarifying tool (20); where is the arm (15) ? movable above the carriage (10) so as to rotate in a vertical plane between a lowered operating position and a raised operating position;

characterized by the fact that the scarifier tool is of the type described above.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge better from the following detailed description of its preferred embodiments, made with reference to the attached drawings and given for indicative and non-limiting purposes. In such drawings:

- figure 1 shows, in side view, a milling machine with an arm on which? a scarifying tool according to the present invention is mounted;

- figure 2 shows the machine of figure 1 in perspective view with arm raised;

- figure 3 shows the scarifying tool of the previous figures in a front view;

- figure 4 shows the scarifying tool of figure 3 in section along a plane passing through the rotation axis of the cutter;

- figure 5 shows an enlarged detail of the coupling area between the cutter and the motor in figure 4;

- figure 6 shows an enlarged detail of the coupling area between the bearing and the cutter in figure 4;

- figure 7 shows an enlarged detail of figure 3.

With reference to figure 1? shown is a milling machine according to the present invention, indicated as a whole with the reference number 1.

In the following we will conventionally indicate the traditional directions with respect to the ground with vertical and horizontal.

Car 1? overall a vehicle equipped with an undercarriage 5 mobile with respect to the ground, on which it is mounted rotatable, around a vertical axis distal of said arm.

The operating arm 15 ? preferably coupled to the carriage 10 in a movable manner above it, around a pin 35 with horizontal axis Y'. In particular, arm 15? rotatable in a vertical plane between a lowered operating position, and a raised operating position.

With reference to figures 3 and 4, the scarifying tool 20 includes a frame 30 and a cutter 40 supported and rotatable by said frame.

The frame 30 includes a coupling portion 32 for coupling to the operating arm 15, and a fork 34 for coupling to the cutter 40.

The frame 30 can? be made for example in two parts 36 and 37, each comprising a respective arm 38 and 39 of the fork, joined together preferably in a separable manner, for example by means of bolts.

The cutter 40? supported by both arms 38 and 39 of the fork, in a rotatable manner with respect to them around a Y axis.

The assembly of the scarifying tool 20 on the operating arm 15 is such that the Y and Y' axes are preferably parallel, so that the Y axis is preferably horizontal.

A cutter generally refers to a rotating cutting tool that removes material in a direction perpendicular to its Y axis of rotation.

For this reason, the cutter 40 has a substantially cylindrical body 42 with a substantially cylindrical external surface 44 coaxial to the Y axis and equipped with a plurality of of knives 46.

Does the cylindrical body 42 have a cavity? 47a and 47b at least at each end? axial, preferably cylindrical. Preferably said cavities? of extremity? 47a and 47b are part of a single cavity? 47 which passes axially through the cylindrical body 42.

The cylindrical body 42 ? supported in proximity? of both its extremities? axial from the respective arms 38 and 39 of the fork, through the interposition of respective rotatable coupling means 50 and 52, where said rotatable coupling means 50 and 52 are at least partially housed inside said respective cavities? cylindrical ends? 47a and 47b.

With reference to figures 5 and 6 and to the rotation axis Y, the rotatable coupling means 50 and 52 each comprise a first body 54, 55 and a second body 64, 65 rotatable with respect to each other around the axis Y.

Does the first body 54, 55 function as a screen for the respective cavity? cylindrical end? 47a, 47b and for this reason? cylindrical in shape. It ? fixed with respect to the fork 34 and coaxial to the cutter 40.

Each screen body 54 and 55 has an external cylindrical surface at least partially radially facing a corresponding internal cylindrical end surface. of the cutter 58 and 59. Said internal cylindrical surfaces are surfaces of said cavities? cylindrical ends? 47a and 47b.

The external and internal cylindrical surfaces are separated by a gap 90 given by a distance in the radial direction D less than or equal to 10 mm, where 3 mm or 4 mm or 5 mm are preferred values.

Preferably each screen body 54, 55? coupled to the respective fork arm 38 and 39 in the axial direction (in reference to the Y axis).

Each second body 64 to 65 ? fixedly coupled to the cylindrical body 40 inside the respective cavity? of extremity? 47a and 47b.

As visible in figure 5, according to a preferred example the first coupling means 50 comprise a motor, preferably hydraulic, where the screen body 54 comprises the motor casing and where the corresponding second body 64 comprises the motor shaft.

Tree 64 in particular? coupled inside the cavity? 47a via a radial flange 74.

As visible in figure 6, according to a preferred example the second coupling means 52 comprise a bearing 80, preferably an oscillating bearing with a radially external washer 82 and a radially internal washer 84, where the screen body 55 includes the external washer 82 or provides a seat for it, and where the corresponding second body 65 includes the internal washer 84 or provides a seat for it.

The internal fifth wheel 84 in particular? coupled inside the cavity? 47b by means of a pin 70 projecting axially from a radial flange 72 fixed in said cavity. Said pin 70? a seat of the internal washer 84 of the bearing, and is insertable and extractable from it in the axial direction.

To allow the mounting of the cutter 40 to the fork 34, the pin 70? integral with the cylindrical body 42 and the arms 38 and 39 of the fork can be joined and separated from each other by means of an approach and removal movement in the axial direction.

In this way the assembly procedure allows the motor 50 to be fixed inside the cavity. 47a of the cylindrical body 42 and to the arm 38.

To the cavity? opposite 47b the bearing 52 ? coupled to the arm 39 and inserted into the pin 70 bringing the two arms 38 and 39 closer in the axial direction, thus? to close the motor 50, the cylindrical body 42 and the bearing 52 packed between the two arms 38 and 39.

According to a variant, the external fifth wheel is possible? coupled to the cylindrical body and the internal fifth wheel to the arm 39.

According to a possible variant, both the coupling means 50 and 52 are motors and the cylindrical body 30? preferably divided into two parts rotatable with respect to each other, each set in rotation by one of the two motors.

Preferably the cavities? 47a and 47b are cylindrical seats which constitute an enlargement of the cavity? passage 47, so they form respective steps with respect to it, useful for providing an axial stop for coupling the second bodies 64 and 65.

Preferably the cylindrical body 42 has an external cylindrical surface 44 with a diameter greater than or equal to 400 mm, for example greater than or equal to 450 mm, preferably equal to 478 mm, where the cylindrical body comprises at least a minimum internal diameter less than or equal to 350mm, preferably less than or equal to 330mm. The cylindrical body for example comprises a radial section, for example in a central area, with a thickness greater than or equal to 50 mm, for example greater than equal to 60mm, preferably greater than or equal to 70 mm, for example equal to 74mm. The cylindrical body 42 preferably has a length in the direction of its rotation axis greater than or equal to 1000mm, for example greater than or equal to 1200mm. The cutter being made of metallic material, for example steel.

Referring now to figure 7, you will notice? that each of the fork arms 38 and 39 supports protection means 92 of the cavity 90 having the function of intercepting any reinforcing rods that the cutter drags with it to twist around the sides of the cylindrical body 42. These protection means 92 comprise one or more? interception elements for each supported arm 38 and 39 interposed between said arms and the cylindrical body 42, in sliding contact with the latter or with a second separation cavity 100 between them, preferably arranged to generate a distance Z in the axial direction.

The distance Z preferably? less than or equal to 2 mm, more? preferably 1 mm.

The protection means 92 preferably comprise at least one guiding surface 93 of the intercepted irons with an inclination with respect to the rotation axis Y such as to guide said irons away from the cutter 40.

Preferably, the protection means 92 comprise at least one rod affixed to a relevant fork arm 38, 39 in a direction inclined with respect to the rotation axis Y, where the affixing point is? proximal to said axis, and the extremity? opposite ? distal.

In use, the cutter 40 moves considerable quantities? of debris and when it encounters rebars embedded in the concrete, it drags them into rotation.

The coupling scheme of the cutter through the two cavities 90 offers a protection function from debris and above all from irons. In fact, the latter are kept outside the cutter, where they twist in a visible manner and can easily be reached by an operator to be cut, for example with a flexible hose, and removed.

Thanks to this coupling and protection scheme, the cutter? able to exploit power and depth? of excavation more? high.

Additionally or alternatively, the protection means 92 also intercept the irons and provide them with a seat around which to twist and remain exposed to sight for removal.

It is noted that the presence of means of protection 92? also applicable to frames that support the cutter on one side only, cantilevered from a single arm, this variant is not possible? illustrated.

A further advantage of use? given by the aspect of the thickness of the cylindrical body, which being very high allows for regularizing the operation in the face of greater resistance encountered, especially when it encounters said reinforced concrete bars. The hydraulic system which normally supplies power to the cutter through the hydraulic motor therefore has a benefit and a consequent reduction in breakdowns.

GENERAL INTERPRETATION OF TERMS

In understanding the scope of the present invention, the term "comprising" and its derivatives, as used herein, are intended to be open-ended terms specifying the presence of the stated characteristics, elements, components, groups, integers and/or phases, but do not exclude the presence of other undeclared characteristics, elements, components, groups, integers and/or phases. The above also applies to words that have similar meanings such as the terms "including", "have" and their derivatives. Furthermore, the terms "part", "section", "portion", "member" or "element" when used in the singular can have the dual meaning of a single part or a plurality? of parts. As used herein to describe the above form(s), the following directional terms "forward", "backward", "up", "down", "vertical", "horizontal", "down" and "transverse" , as well as? any other similar directional term refers to the embodiment described in the operational position. Finally, degree terms such as “substantially,” “about,” and “approximately” as used here mean a reasonable amount? of deviation of the modified term such that the final result is not significantly changed.

While only selected embodiments have been chosen to illustrate the present invention, it will be It is clear to those skilled in the art from this description that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the attached claims. For example, the size, shape, position or orientation of various components can be changed as needed? and/or wishes. Components shown directly connected or in contact with each other may have intermediate structures arranged between them. The functions of one element can be performed by two and vice versa. The structures and functions of one embodiment may be adopted in another embodiment. Not ? It is necessary that all advantages are present in a particular embodiment at the same time. Every feature that ? original compared to the prior art, alone or in combination with other features, a separate description of further inventions by the applicant, including the structural and/or functional concepts embodied by such features, should also be considered. Therefore, the foregoing descriptions of embodiments according to the present invention are provided for illustrative purposes only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention as defined by the accompanying claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. Scarifying tool (20) comprising at least one arm (38, 39) placed to support a cutter (40) in a rotatable manner around a rotation axis (Y), characterized in that said arm (38, 39) supports means of receiving and guiding (92) the rods that the cutter (40) finds in the concrete during excavation and which it drags with it, where the receiving and guiding means (92) are arranged laterally to the cutter with reference to the axial direction. 2. Tool according to claim 1, where between the receiving and guiding means (92) and the cutter ? there is a cavity (100), arranged to generate a distance Z in the axial direction. 3. Tool according to claim 2 or 3, where the receiving and guiding means (100) comprise at least one guiding surface (93) of the irons with an inclination with respect to the rotation axis (Y) such as to guide said irons away from the cutter (40). 4. Tool according to claim 3, characterized in that the receiving and guiding means (92) comprise at least one rod affixed to one of said arms (38, 39) in a direction inclined with respect to the rotation axis (Y), where is the posting point? proximal to said axis, and the extremity? opposite ? distal. 5. Tool according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that it includes rotatable coupling means (50, 52) interposed between said arm (38, 39) and the cutter so as to define a gap (90) between them and the cutter in the radial direction, where said receiving and guiding means (92) are placed radially above said radial cavity (90) and lateral to it in the axial direction (Y). 6. Tool according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that said rotatable coupling means (52) are contained in a cavity? (47a, 47b) of the cutter, while said receiving and guiding means (92) are lateral to them. 7. Tool according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that said receiving and guiding means (92) have a maximum radial extension flush with the maximum external diameter of the cutter or smaller than it. 8. Tool according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that the cutter (40) is supported in proximity? of both its extremities? axial by respective two arms (38, 39) where the characteristics of said respective claims are present between each of the arms and the cutter. 9. Tool according to any of the previous claims, wherein the cutter comprises a hollow cylindrical body (42) with an external cylindrical surface (44) with a diameter greater than or equal to 400 mm, where the cylindrical body comprises at least one radial section of thickness greater than or equal to 50 mm, and where the length of the cylindrical body in the axial direction is? greater than or equal to 1000 mm. 10. Operating machine for milling comprising an undercarriage (5), a carriage (10) and rotatable coupling means (12) between them around a vertical axis (X), where: - the carriage supports an arm (15) at the end of which? distal? place a scarifying tool (20); where is the arm (15) ? movable above the carriage (10) so as to rotate in a vertical plane between a lowered operating position and a raised operating position; characterized by the fact that the scarifier tool is of the type according to any of the preceding claims.