IT202100030731A1 - METHOD AND AUTOCLAVE REACTOR FOR THE ABSORPTION OF NITROGEN WITH ZEOLITE - Google Patents

Description

Description of the invention with title:

?METHOD AND AUTOCLAVE REACTOR FOR THE ABSORPTION OF NITROGEN WITH ZEOLITE?

Description

Field of technology

The invention refers to the obtaining of a mineral enriched with nitrogen, deriving from the wastewater of livestock farms, for the creation of geocomposites (geogrids-substrate-fertilizers-soil improvers) to be used in arid areas of the planet, for new cultivation systems.

Known art

Among the activities? agricultural, intensive animal husbandry? one of those with the greatest environmental impact; one of the problematic aspects? the production of large quantities? of wastewater, especially in the form of sewage, concentrated in breeding sites, what does it do? that we can talk about sources of point pollution rather than diffuse pollution, as happens instead for the majority of activities? agricultural. In particular, among the components of wastewater potentially harmful to the environment, nitrogen (N) is causing great concern. In fact, sewage contains rather high levels of nitrogen, mainly in organic and ammoniacal form, largely bioavailable but also very mobile in the soil in the form of ammonium ion (NH4<+>) and nitrate ion (NO3-) deriving from oxidative processes. In addition to the problem of dispersion of ammonia (NH3) into the atmosphere, there are therefore also problems of run-off and consequent contamination of underground aquifers by nitrates, with harmful consequences from a general environmental point of view (eutrophication of water) and human health. (high levels of nitrates in drinking water are associated with the risk of methemoglobinemia, especially dangerous for newborns).

These considerations led to the issuing of Dir. 91/676/EEC, known as the Nitrates Directive, belatedly implemented by Italian legislation, which with the Ministerial Decree 04/07/2006, n. 209, has set stringent constraints on the spreading of sewage in the field, a practice traditionally followed for their management, including quantitative limits which are 340 kg of nitrogen of zootechnical origin per hectare per year in ordinary areas and 170 kg per hectare in ?year in areas classified as vulnerable to nitrates (ZVN), which affect a substantial part of many areas of the national territory. There are areas characterized by very intensive livestock farming, where the quantities? of sewage, and consequently of nitrogen, produced per unit? of usable surface for spreading are also well above the permitted thresholds. This disproportion, with the impossibility? to spread all the wastewater produced on the company land, is causing difficulty? many companies, who do not know how to manage surpluses.

Evidently the intensive livestock farming model widespread in Italy as in many other parts of the world has intrinsic characteristics that make it difficult to reduce its environmental impact. Faced with an excessively high ratio between nitrogen produced and available surface area, the applicable solutions consist of either reducing the numerator (nitrogen) or increasing the denominator (surface area); both are not easily achievable. An obvious way to reduce nitrogen production? that of reducing the load of livestock raised, but what? would it lead to drops in profitability? such as to lead to the closure of many companies. ? For? It is possible to make technical improvements at the zootechnical level, increasing the efficiency of nitrogen use by animals, which would mean reducing its excretion: is it possible? work in this direction both by acting on the protein fraction of the diet (calibration of the protein content based on real needs, administration of proteins with appropriate amino acid composition) and by increasing productivity? animal, with various types of interventions (genetic, nutritional, health, management) that reduce the quantity? of maintenance protein required per unit? of product. Although significant reductions can be achieved in this way, it is still difficult to significantly reduce the quantities? of nitrogen produced. On the other hand, in the absence of management of spillages at a territorial level, far from being implemented in an organic way, it is extremely burdensome for the individual company to procure extra-farm surface area available for the application of sewage to the ground, due to the high transport costs of a very diluted matrix which is? the sewage (to move a limited quantity of nitrogen it is necessary to move a large mass of water), the regulatory constraints to which the receiving land is subjected (linked to the development of an Agronomic Use Plan), the costs of concession for spreading (in some cases close to those of rent).

In this context it appears inevitable in many situations to resort to forms of sewage treatment which, by transforming the wastewater leaving the farm into a qualitatively different product, allow the terms of the question to be changed. An important role in the application of these treatments is played by anaerobic digestion with biogas production, a process now quite widespread in livestock farms, at least the larger ones. Anaerobic digestion itself? does not reduce the nitrogen content of wastewater n? their volume, but makes it possible to produce electrical and thermal energy that can be used in downstream treatment processes, which are frequently energy intensive, and a revenue in monetary terms that can make an investment in adequate treatment plants sustainable.

The treatments for the management of the nitrogen contained in the wastewater can be classified according to the modality? of action (physical, chemical or biological) or according to the purpose; in fact, there can be two fundamental objectives: reducing the nitrogen load by transferring a part of it into the atmosphere in non-harmful forms (therefore reducing the quantity of nitrogen to be managed; mostly achievable with biological processes) or recovering the nitrogen in concentrated and easily transportable (therefore allowing an increase in surface area for soil application; chemical and physical processes generally aim at this).

Among the mechanical physical treatments that aim at recovery you can first of all mention the solid-liquid separation, a process already rather widespread in livestock farms, which in many ways facilitates the management of wastewater and can be very useful also for the purposes of nitrogen management, as it separates a solid fraction in which this is concentrated from a liquid one which is impoverished; There? in itself? it hardly solves the problem, but can it? represent a fundamental first step before subsequent treatments, referring to both the solid and liquid fractions. The tools that can be used are various, some already? widespread in company practice (settling systems, floaters, screens, rotating cylinder separators with rollers, helical compression separators, centrifuges, belt presses), others proposed but applied only at a pioneering level (filter presses, soil filters, geotextile filtering tubes).

A better treatment? advanced, what can? find a place downstream of the solid-liquid separation,? filtration with membranes, which is It is always a physical, mechanical process of water separation, but much more so. pushed, as the slurry is passed under pressure through holes with a diameter of less than 10 m, obtaining a concentrate, with a large part of the nitrogen in a limited volume, and a permeate which in some cases has a purity close to that of the ?water, not usually sufficient to allow its discharge into surface water bodies, but enough to hypothesize internal uses of the company. These systems, distinguished above all based on the diameter of the holes (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis), derive from the industrial sector, and their application in the livestock sector? at an initial level and in any case held back by high costs.

The same concept of water removal? at the basis of the "evaporation" techniques, which however? are based on a thermal physical principle: high temperatures make the water evaporate more possible, leaving a product with a high concentration of dry matter, possibly marketable as a fertilizer.

Nitrogen can be partially volatilized in ammonia form, and in this case ? It is necessary to capture it with systems such as acid washing, producing for example ammonium sulphate (NH4)<2>SO4, which can also be exploited as a fertiliser.

The most proposed technical solutions are belt drying, which already exists. some enterprise-level applications, and vacuum concentration. Another method that is being studied with interest? the ?stripping?, which is based on a different principle, as the objective is not? remove water, but selectively remove nitrogen in ammonia form, with a physical, thermal (volatilization due to increase in temperature) or chemical (increasing the pH through alkalizing substances) mechanism; Here too, an acid scrubber fixes the ammonia as ammonium sulphate, while the residual sewage, highly nitrogen-depleted, presents fewer problems for agronomic use. Also in this case the costs make an application in zootechnical contexts unlikely for the moment. This last consideration also applies to the "precipitation of struvite", a chemical process in which the salt in question, NH4MgPO4?6H2O, is precipitated by raising the pH to an optimal value of 9 and possibly adding magnesium, obtaining a removal of nitrogen and phosphorus simultaneously. Struvite can have value as a fertilizer, but currently does not have its own market. Among all the various methods proposed for nitrogen management, traditional nitro-denitrification with activated sludge is the most tested and widespread, regardless of solid-liquid separation; the costs are not for? negligible. To improve efficiency and overcome some limitations of this technique, various alternative systems are being studied, some of which are still in an experimental phase: we can mention SBR nitro-denitrification, the BABE process, the DEPHANOX process, membrane bioreactors, SHARON or HEMINIFF processes followed by ANAMMOX, the CANON process, the OLAND process.

A separate discussion must be made for energy valorization techniques (gasification, pyrolysis, complete combustion), which do not specifically aim at nitrogen management, but remain possible alternatives, however not easily applicable, for wastewater management.

Microbiological treatments exploit the metabolism of various microorganisms to transform a large part of the nitrogen in wastewater into gaseous N2, a harmless and chemically inert substance that makes up most of the Earth's atmosphere.

Other biological treatment? phytoremediation, which can be achieved through systems such as artificial wetlands or lagoons with algae or duckweed: while in the latter case the nitrogen is largely concentrated in the plant biomass, in artificial wetlands a synergy between plants develops, which they accumulate part of the nitrogen, and microorganisms, which carry out a nitro-denitrification action, in addition to the absorption of nitrogen on the porous growth substrate of the plants. Artificial wetlands, in which a combination of nitrogen removal and recovery is therefore achieved, are of great interest in the future, but as an advanced treatment to be applied downstream of others.

To close this overview you can? remember composting, a biologically based process that is not specifically aimed at nitrogen management, but constitutes a management option that can be pursued, although now with difficulty, as the volatilization of large quantities? of nitrogen gas in forms that are not harmless from an environmental point of view (mainly NH3, but also NO3 and N2O) has made treatment in closed environments mandatory by law, with filtering or washing of exhausted air, with consequent unsustainable costs at company level .

Ultimately, faced with a wide range of proposals for the treatment of nitrogen, but few at the moment are truly technically and economically compatible with reality. of livestock farms, from this perspective a method is inserted to capture nitrogen through a chemical and physical process applied under negative pressure on minerals belonging to the zeolite group, whose SiO4 tetrahedra are electrically neutral when linked together in a three-dimensional lattice like quartz. The present invention, the subject of a patent proposal, proves to be more effective than the methods listed above, since it takes into account the opportunity to combine different systems and the possibility? of applications also at a consortium and territorial level, which can make sustainable solutions feasible for the individual company.

Zeolites represent a particular class of minerals related to feldspars and feldspathoids. They are tecto-aluminosilicates that have crystalline structures built from TO4 tetrahedra (T = tetrahedral species, Si, Al, etc.), whose oxygen atoms are exchanged with adjacent tetrahedra. By definition, they stand out for having more structures? open, capable of being able to reversibly absorb and disabsorb water molecules or smaller molecules. large, and contain large non-structure-bound cations that can be easily exchanged. The building blocks of zeolites are units? tetrahedral [SiO4]4<- >and [AlO4]5<- >linked together by sharing a vertex for each pair of tetrahedra, to form nonlinear oxygen bridges. SiO4 tetrahedra are electrically neutral when bonded together in a three-dimensional lattice like quartz and constitute ?space? what can? be used to absorb nitrogen.

Speaking of patents, patent RU1794054C concerns a method for the production of nitrogen-containing zeolites in which solutions of sodium silicate, aluminum sulphate and sulfuric acid are mixed with tertiary alkyl amine. In particular, the said method allows the crystallization of the zeolite to be obtained in a time ranging from 2 to 6 hours.

Would it be so? particularly useful is the creation of a more efficient method. fast and effective for the production of zeolite with added nitrogen.

Furthermore, patent TW200621351A concerns an absorption method for the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen which uses zeolite and is assisted by electrolysis. It ? equipped with a two-immersion electrolyzer and a zeolite absorption device. The ammonia nitrogen liquid is placed in the two-bath electrolyzer to carry out the electrolysis reaction so as to make the ammonia nitrogen in the two baths become the acidic state and the alkaline state respectively. Will ammoniacal nitrogen in the acidic environment exist? in the form of ionized ammonia, NH4<+ >which can? be removed more? easily using the zeolite absorption method. Meanwhile, ammoniacal nitrogen in the alkaline environment will exist? in the form of free ammonia, NH3, which can? be removed by the stripping method. After treatment, the acid and alkaline solutions are mixed together to become a neutral solution that can be discharged into the environment.

According to the invention, the overall efficiency of ammoniacal nitrogen removal is ? high and, since the saturated zeolite can? be recovered by reversing the polarities? of the electrodes, the consumption of the absorbent material and the cost of its possible recovery are quite low.

The invention covered by the above-mentioned patent refers to a technology that is now fifteen years old. In these last years ? a further method has been developed for the effective absorption of nitrogen contained in exhaust fluids, also using zeolite, to which, in addition to undergoing an electrolysis process, a fast heating and depressurization process are applied, through a special reactor autoclave. In this way we obtain a greater and more? rapid nitrogen absorption, using fewer operational processes, making nitrogen absorption with zeolite crystals a more efficient process. simple, economical and advantageous.

Purpose of this patent? therefore that of proposing a method for the absorption of nitrogen with zeolite undergoing rapid heating, depressurization and electrolysis processes in an ad hoc autoclave reactor, to obtain, in an even more easy, a little more rapid and effective absorption of nitrogen, and more, from waste sewage.

Description of the invention

According to the present invention, a nitrogen absorption method is created with zeolite treated in an autoclave reactor which effectively solves the above problems.

The object of the present invention consists in subjecting groups of zeolite minerals (type ZSM-12 - ZSM-39 - Dodecasil-3C - etc.) to a plurality? of processes through at least one autoclave reactor designed specifically to streamline and maximize the absorption of nitrogen by the zeolite. In particular, this method? characterized by the fact of obtaining a substantial absorption of nitrogen with groups of zeolite minerals in the phases and processes listed below:

- at least one loading phase, in which said groups of minerals are inserted into said autoclave reactor;

- at least one purification process: in which the said groups of zeolite minerals are preliminarily cleaned using jets of compressed air at 2-3 bar to remove dust residues or loose elements present on the mineral; - at least one heating process: in which said groups of zeolite minerals are heated until reaching a temperature of 185?C, by means of blown saturated steam;

- at least one depressurization process: in which said groups of minerals are subjected to a negative pressure of 1 bar;

- at least one absorption process: in which said groups of minerals are placed in contact with water rich in nitrogen, with said autoclave reactor maintaining a negative pressure of 1 bar and introducing an electric charge at 110 Volts with a frequency of 60 Hertz into the fluid;

- at least one discharge phase, in which said groups of minerals are extracted from said autoclave reactor.

The autoclave reactor? designed specifically to carry out the above-mentioned phases in the most convenient way. advantageous. It is characterized by being made up of the following components: - at least one steam outlet pipe;

- at least one steam inlet pipe;

- at least one atomized liquid inlet tube;

- at least one liquid discharge slot;

- at least one container insertion and extraction device: semi-cylindrical in shape, designed to be inserted into the containment chamber of said autoclave reactor and allow the correct execution of said processes;

- at least one sliding track base suitable for facilitating said loading and unloading phases and for fixing said container device;

- at least one parameter control computer: capable of regulating the parameters corresponding to at least each process;

- at least one charge generating device suitable for introducing electrical charge into the fluid contained in said autoclave reactor;

- at least one containment chamber, cylindrical in shape so as to present a symmetry with respect to its horizontal axis, including two swing doors and made of 316L steel material;

- at least two doors positioned on the sides of said containment chamber.

The said container device is hooked on each side, through a tilting bracket, to two sliding guides, designed to be inserted into said sliding track base and facilitate said loading and unloading phases. To allow the conduction of electrical charge and an easy and rapid exit of the water, the container device is composed of a micro-perforated steel sheet with holes with a maximum diameter of 100 microns.

Among other components of the autoclave reactor, the computer control parameters ? designed to allow the regulation by an operator, before or during the execution of the processes, of at least the following parameters:

- the internal temperature of said autoclave reactor;

- the internal pressure of said autoclave reactor;

- the humidity? relative internal to said autoclave reactor;

- the voltage of the electric charge;

- the frequency of the electric charge.

In this way the parameters can possibly be adapted to optimize the absorption of other types of materials.

In this application case, the execution times of the processes, which guarantee an absorption of 99% of the nitrogen, contained in a solution of ammonia water with density of the NH4 molecule<+ >of 15 mg/L, are the following:

- the execution of said purification process for at least 5 minutes;

- carrying out this heating process for at least 30 minutes;

- the execution of said depressurization process for at least 20 minutes; - carrying out this absorption process for at least 10 minutes.

Using the said method for the absorption of nitrogen with zeolite treated in an autoclave reactor in little more? of one hour, nitrogen absorption of at least 99% is achieved, using natural methods and without the addition of additives. An important feature of the said method? That ? Is only one operator necessary to use the autoclave reactor and complete all the phases and processes belonging to said method, in their entirety? and in a particularly short time. This method is characterized by being particularly simple, economical and rapid, and allows obtaining an effective nitrogen removal very close to 100%.

In particular, said method is particularly effective in the case of groups of zeolite minerals since, when quickly heated by said autoclave reactor, a sub-atomic rearrangement of the molecular groups that compose them occurs, so that the tetrahedral bodies inside them they expand. Under the effect of the negative pressure and the electric charge at a known frequency, the internal subatomic arrangement of the mineral produces a sponge effect, which captures any introduced element within the tetrahedral structure; in this case nitrogen.

The product obtained? particularly useful since it can find wide application in the agricultural field, used as a stabilized organic fertilizer or for the formation of natural geogrids coupled with TNT (non-woven fabric) as well as as a base for the enrichment of compost and soil improvers coming from anaerobic digestion. ? It is possible to establish empirically that minerals with tetrahedral structures subjected to these processes can also be used for the sequestration of polluting elements other than nitrogen (used in normal mining and industrial activity).

The autoclave reactor? also particularly useful since it can? easily be inserted in industrial contexts as it would only require a system for importing and removing the ammonia liquid inside the autoclave, which is easily achievable, if not present in the majority of industrial sites where the problems reported in the prior art exist.

The advantages offered by the present invention are evident in the light of the description presented so far and will be even more so. clear thanks to the attached figures and the related detailed description.

Description of the figures

The invention will come described below in at least one preferred embodiment for explanatory and non-limiting purposes with the aid of the attached figures, in which:

- FIGURE 1 shows the flow diagram including the orderly succession of the phases and processes constituting said method 10;

- FIGURE 2 illustrates the autoclave reactor 20 and the components that constitute it; - FIGURE 3 shows in greater detail the container insertion and extraction device 2.5, component of said autoclave reactor 20;

- FIGURE 4 shows a preferable configuration of the autoclave reactor 20 in an ammonia liquid absorption system 40.

Detailed description of the invention

Will this invention come? now illustrated by way of example but not restrictively or bindingly, using the figures which illustrate some embodiments relating to the present inventive concept.

With reference to FIG. 1 ? shown the method for the absorption of nitrogen with zeolite treated in an autoclave reactor 20, object of the present invention. It ? characterized by the fact of obtaining a substantial absorption of nitrogen with groups of zeolite minerals treated with an autoclave reactor 20 in the following phases and processes:

A. at least one loading phase: in which said groups of minerals are inserted into said autoclave reactor 20;

B. at least one purification process: in which the said groups of zeolite minerals are preliminarily cleaned using jets of compressed air at 2-3 bar to remove dust residues or detached elements present on the mineral; C. at least one heating process: in which said groups of zeolite minerals are heated until reaching a temperature of 185?C, by means of blown saturated steam;

D. at least one depressurization process: in which said groups of minerals are subjected to a negative pressure of 1 bar;

E. at least one absorption process: in which said groups of minerals are placed in contact with water rich in nitrogen, with said autoclave reactor 20 maintaining a negative pressure of 1 bar and introducing an electric charge at 110 Volts with a frequency of 60 into the fluid Hertz;

F. at least one discharge phase: in which said groups of minerals are extracted from said autoclave reactor 20.

With reference to Fig. 2. ? shown is the autoclave reactor 20, designed specifically to carry out the above-mentioned phases. As shown in the same figure, it ? consisting of the following components:

- at least one steam outlet pipe 2.1;

- at least one steam inlet pipe 2.2;

- at least one atomized liquid inlet pipe 2.3;

- at least one liquid drain slot 2.4;

- at least one insertion and extraction container device 30: of semi-cylindrical shape, designed to be inserted into the containment chamber 2.9 of said autoclave reactor 20 and allow the correct execution of said processes;

- at least one sliding track base 2.5: suitable for facilitating said loading (A) and unloading (F) phases and for fixing said container device 30; - at least one parameter control computer 2.6: capable of regulating the parameters corresponding to at least each process;

- at least one charge generating device 2.7: suitable for introducing electric charge into the fluid contained in said autoclave reactor 20;

- at least one containment chamber 2.8: cylindrical in shape so as to present a symmetry with respect to its horizontal axis, including two swing doors 2.9 and made of 316L steel material.

With reference to Fig. 3, said container device 30 is hooked on each side, through a tilting bracket 3.1, to two sliding guides 3.2 designed to be inserted into said sliding track base 2.5 and facilitate said loading phases (A ) and exhaust (B). To allow the conduction of electrical charge and an easy and rapid exit of the water, it is composed of an electrically charged and micro-perforated steel sheet with holes with a maximum diameter of 100 microns. In particular, in the loading phase (A) at least one sliding guide 3.2 ? inserted into said sliding base 2.5. Subsequently said container device 30? loaded with said groups of minerals, and subsequently slipped inside said containment chamber 2.8. Once the swing doors 2.9 are closed, the said purification process (B) can? start. Once said absorption process (E) is concluded, the container device 30? pushed outside the containment chamber 2.8. At this point the container device? held in position by at least one sliding guide 3.2 inserted into the sliding track base 2.5, and thanks to the tilting bracket 3.1? It is possible to rotate said container device 30 on its axis so that the groups of minerals, loaded with nitrogen, can be introduced into a possible container and moved elsewhere. The unloading phase (F) ends.

Among other components of the autoclave reactor 20, the computer control parameters 2.6 ? designed to allow the regulation by an operator, before or during the execution of the processes, of at least the following parameters:

- the internal temperature of said autoclave reactor 20;

- the internal pressure of said autoclave reactor 20;

- the humidity? relative internal to said autoclave reactor 20;

- the voltage of the electric charge introduced into said autoclave reactor 20; - the frequency of the electric charge introduced into said autoclave reactor 20. In this way the parameters can possibly be adapted to optimize the absorption of other types of materials.

In the present application case, the execution times of the said processes, which guarantee an absorption of 99% of the nitrogen, contained in a solution of ammonia water with density of the NH4 molecule<+ >of 15 mg/L, are as follows: - execution of said purification process (B) for at least 5 minutes;

- execution of said heating process (C) for at least 30 minutes; - execution of said depressurization process (D) for at least 20 minutes; - execution of said absorption process (E) for at least 10 minutes. Using the said method for the absorption of nitrogen with zeolite treated in an autoclave reactor 20 more? of one hour, nitrogen absorption of at least 99% is achieved, using natural methods and without the addition of additives. An important feature of said method 10? That ? Only one operator is needed to use the autoclave reactor 20 and complete all the phases and processes belonging to said method 10, in their entirety. and in a particularly short time. Said method 10 is characterized by being particularly simple, economical and rapid, and allows obtaining an effective nitrogen removal very close to 100%.

In particular, said method 10 is particularly effective in the case of groups of zeolite minerals since, when quickly heated by said autoclave reactor 20, a sub-atomic rearrangement of the molecular groups that compose them occurs, so that the tetrahedral bodies at the their interior expands. Under the effect of the negative pressure and the electric charge at a known frequency, the internal subatomic arrangement of the mineral produces a sponge effect, which captures any introduced element within the tetrahedral structure; in this case nitrogen.

The product obtained? particularly useful since it can find wide application in the agricultural field, used as a stabilized organic fertilizer or for the formation of natural geogrids coupled with TNT (non-woven fabric) as well as as a base for the enrichment of compost and soil improvers coming from anaerobic digestion. ? It is possible to establish empirically that minerals with tetrahedral structures subjected to these processes can also be used for the sequestration of other polluting elements in addition to nitrogen (used in normal mining and industrial activity).

A particular configuration of the autoclave reactor 20? shown in FIG. 4. To use the autoclave reactor 20, simply insert it into a common ammonia liquid disposal system 40. The liquid to be disposed of is stored in a disposal liquid container 4.1 and, through the nebulized liquid inlet pipe 2.3? Is it possible to transfer a quantity? preferred amount of ammonia liquid inside the reactor 20. At this point it can? method 10 for the absorption of nitrogen with zeolite must be carried out. Once the processes and phases of said method 10 have been completed, the liquid, now largely reduced by the nitrogen-containing molecule, can be transferred, via the said liquid discharge slot 2.4, into a container of treated liquid 4.2 and subsequently discharged or recovered, while the nitrogen-enriched zeolite can? be stored and used for other purposes. The following patent, in fact, fits harmoniously into a context such as the environmental one which requires by now already? for years of innovative solutions for the management of climate-altering gases; through this patent it will be? possible? to do if necessary? virtue, that is, to reduce, if not eliminate completely, the problem of livestock waste responsible for pollution due to excess production and, to exploit their nitrogen load, through zeolite to make arid and sandy areas of the planet fertile, thus creating a new virtuous cycle; lastly, a further consideration? that of reducing nitrous oxide emissions due to the denitrification of chemical fertilizers used in agriculture; can you? therefore affirm that this patent can be easily industrialized and that, moreover, it allows the development of a new green economy.

? finally, it is clear that modifications, additions or variations that are obvious to a person skilled in the art can be made to the invention described so far, without thereby departing from the scope of protection which is provided by the attached claims.

Claims (11)

Claims 1. Method (10) for the absorption of nitrogen with zeolite treated in an autoclave reactor (20), characterized by maximizing the efficiency of the absorption of at least nitrogen contained in at least ammonia water liquids using groups of treated zeolite minerals with an autoclave reactor (20) in the following steps and processes: A. at least one loading phase, in which said groups of minerals are inserted into said autoclave reactor (20); B. at least one purification process, in which the said groups of zeolite minerals are preliminarily cleaned using jets of compressed air at 2-3 bar to remove dust residues or loose elements present on the mineral; C. at least one heating process, in which said groups of minerals are heated to a temperature of 185?C, by means of blown saturated steam; D. at least one depressurization process, in which said groups of minerals are subjected to a negative pressure of 1 bar; E. at least one absorption process, in which said groups of minerals are placed in contact with nitrogen-rich water, a negative pressure of 1 bar is maintained and an electric charge at 110 Volts with a frequency of 60 Hertz is introduced into the fluid; F. at least one discharge phase, in which said groups of minerals are extracted from said autoclave reactor (20). 2. Method (10) for the absorption of nitrogen with zeolite treated in an autoclave reactor (20), according to the previous claim 1, characterized by the fact that said purification process (B) has a carrying out time of at least 5 minutes. 3. Method (10) for the absorption of nitrogen with zeolite treated in an autoclave reactor (20), according to any of the previous claims 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that said heating process (C) has a carrying out time of at least 30 minutes. 4. Method (10) for the absorption of nitrogen through zeolite treated in an autoclave reactor (20), according to any of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that said depressurization process (D) has a carrying out time of at least 20 minutes . 5. Method (10) for the absorption of nitrogen with zeolite treated in an autoclave reactor (20), according to any of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that said absorption process (E) has a carrying out time of at least 10 minutes . 6. Method (10) for the absorption of nitrogen through zeolite treated in an autoclave reactor (20), according to any of the previous claims, characterized by the fact that following all the carrying out times corresponding to each said process, for a solution of water and ammonia, with a density? of NH4<+ >of at least 15 mg/L, an effective removal of nitrogen-containing molecules of at least 99% is achieved. 7. Autoclave reactor (20) suitable for the absorption of nitrogen with zeolite, characterized by the fact of being used in the method of any of the previous claims and by the fact of comprising: - at least one steam outlet pipe (2.1); - at least one steam inlet pipe (2.2); - at least one atomized liquid inlet pipe (2.3); - at least one liquid drain slot (2.4); - at least one insertion and extraction container device (30): designed to facilitate said loading and unloading phases and allow the correct execution of said processes; - at least one sliding track base (2.5) suitable for facilitating said loading (A) and unloading (F) phases and for fixing said container device (30); - at least one parameter control computer (2.6): capable of regulating the parameters corresponding to at least each process; - at least one charge generating device (2.7) suitable for introducing electric charge into the fluid contained in said autoclave reactor (20); - at least one containment chamber (2.8), cylindrical in shape so as to present a symmetry with respect to its horizontal axis, including two swing doors (2.9) and made of 316L steel material. 8. Autoclave reactor (20) suitable for the absorption of nitrogen with zeolite, according to the previous claim 7, characterized by the fact that said container device (30) is hooked on each side, through a tilting bracket (3.1), to two sliding guides (3.2), designed to be inserted into said sliding track base (2.5) and facilitate said loading (A) and unloading (B) phases ), with said container device (30) composed of an electrically charged and micro-perforated steel sheet with holes with a diameter of less than 100 microns. 9. Autoclave reactor (20) suitable for the absorption of nitrogen with zeolite, according to the previous claim 7 or 8, characterized by the fact that said parameter control computer (2.6) allows regulation, by an operator, before or during the execution of the processes, of at least the following parameters: ? the internal temperature of said autoclave reactor (20); ? the internal pressure of said autoclave reactor (20); ? the humidity? relative internal to said autoclave reactor (20); ? the voltage of the electric charge introduced into said autoclave reactor (20); ? the frequency of the electric charge introduced into said autoclave reactor 10. Autoclave reactor (20) suitable for the absorption of nitrogen with zeolite, according to any of the previous claims 7-9, characterized by the fact that said autoclave reactor (20), in its entirety? of the execution of the phases and processes belonging to said method (10), ? designed to be used by a single operator. 11. Use of a method (10) for the absorption of nitrogen with zeolite treated in an autoclave reactor (20) according to any of the previous claims, for the absorption of other polluting materials in addition to nitrogen.