IT202100024911A1 - PREBIOTIC BASED ON DELACTOSED "SCOTTA" FOR THE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF INTESTINAL DYSIBIOSIS - Google Patents
PREBIOTIC BASED ON DELACTOSED "SCOTTA" FOR THE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF INTESTINAL DYSIBIOSIS Download PDFInfo
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- IT202100024911A1 IT202100024911A1 IT102021000024911A IT202100024911A IT202100024911A1 IT 202100024911 A1 IT202100024911 A1 IT 202100024911A1 IT 102021000024911 A IT102021000024911 A IT 102021000024911A IT 202100024911 A IT202100024911 A IT 202100024911A IT 202100024911 A1 IT202100024911 A1 IT 202100024911A1
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- prebiotic
- intestinal
- scotta
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C19/00—Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
- A23C19/06—Treating cheese curd after whey separation; Products obtained thereby
- A23C19/068—Particular types of cheese
- A23C19/0686—Cheese from whey, e.g. mysost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C21/00—Whey; Whey preparations
- A23C21/08—Whey; Whey preparations containing other organic additives, e.g. vegetable or animal products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/14—Prodigestives, e.g. acids, enzymes, appetite stimulants, antidyspeptics, tonics, antiflatulents
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Description
Domanda di brevetto per invenzione industriale dal titolo: Patent application for industrial invention entitled:
Prebiotico a base di "scotta" delattosata per la prevenzione e gestione della disbiosi intestinale. Prebiotic based on delactosed "scotta" for the prevention and management of intestinal dysbiosis.
DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION
Campo Tecnico Technical field
La presente invenzione si riferisce ad un prebiotico a base di scotta di latte di bufala delattosata e sgrassata in grado di modificare la composizione del microbiota intestinale modulando selettivamente la crescita e lo sviluppo di microrganismi che sembrano avere un ruolo di primo piano sia nella prevenzione che nel trattamento di diverse patologie croniche (cancro, malattie metaboliche) associate a disbiosi intestinale e sia nei processi della riabilitazione intestinale (post-chirurgica a livello intestinale, trattamenti di lunga durata con antibiotici, ecc.) che possono beneficiare del trattamento con modulatori del microbiota intestinale The present invention refers to a prebiotic based on delactosed and defatted buffalo milk flakes capable of modifying the composition of the intestinal microbiota by selectively modulating the growth and development of microorganisms which appear to play a leading role both in the prevention and in the treatment of various chronic pathologies (cancer, metabolic diseases) associated with intestinal dysbiosis and both in the processes of intestinal rehabilitation (post-surgery in the intestine, long-term treatments with antibiotics, etc.) which can benefit from treatment with intestinal microbiota modulators
Stato dell'arte State of art
Con il termine prebiotico si definisce una sostanza che una volta ingerita non viene assorbita dall'organismo ma ? in grado d? stimolare lo sviluppo e l'attivit? dei microrganismi benefici presenti nel tratto gastrointestinale (microbiota intestinale) [1]. The term prebiotic defines a substance which, once ingested, is not absorbed by the body but is able d? stimulate development and activity? beneficial microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract (gut microbiota) [1].
I prebiotici, come i probiotici (l'insieme dei microorganismi vivi non patogeni e non tossici che, somministrati in quantit? adeguate, apportano un beneficio alla salute dell'ospite [2]), possono essere considerati come alimenti funzionali, ovvero un intermedio tra alimenti e farmaci. La loro commercializzazione e le specifiche indicazioni sulla salute sono normate dalle singole giurisdizioni. Prebiotics, such as probiotics (the set of live non-pathogenic and non-toxic microorganisms which, when administered in adequate quantities, bring a benefit to the health of the host [2]), can be considered as functional foods, i.e. an intermediate between foods and drugs. Their marketing and specific health claims are regulated by individual jurisdictions.
Tra i composti prebiotici naturali pi? noti troviamo, le fibre: nello specifico oligosaccaridi quali (i) fruttooligosaccaridi (FOS), catene polisaccaridiche a basso numero di unit? che si ottengono mediante idrolisi dall'inulina (polisaccaride di origine vegetale) e (ii) galatto-oligosaccaridi (GOS), costituiti da polimeri di fruttosio e galattosio. Among the most natural prebiotic compounds? known we find, the fibers: specifically oligosaccharides such as (i) fructooligosaccharides (FOS), polysaccharide chains with a low number of units? which are obtained by hydrolysis from inulin (polysaccharide of vegetable origin) and (ii) galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), made up of polymers of fructose and galactose.
Queste sostanze, presenti in legumi (es. fagioli), cereali (es. frumento) e vari ortaggi (es. carciofi, cicorie e cipolle), riescono a superare la parte superiore del tratto gastrointestinale senza esse digerite, stimolando la crescita e/o l'attivit? della flora intestinale benefica . These substances, present in legumes (e.g. beans), cereals (e.g. wheat) and various vegetables (e.g. artichokes, chicory and onions), manage to pass the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract without being digested, stimulating growth and/or the activity? of the beneficial intestinal flora.
Tuttavia, oltre questi effetti benefici, le fibre hanno un limite correlato al quantitativo d'uso. Infatti, se consumate in dosi eccessive, possono portare a disturbi intestinali quali gonfiore, meteorismo e crampi. However, beyond these beneficial effects, fibers have a limit related to the amount of use. In fact, if consumed in excessive doses, they can lead to intestinal disorders such as bloating, meteorism and cramps.
Negli ultimi decenni, per ovviare a questa problematica, sono stati proposti diverse miscele a base di prodotti vegetali/naturali come ad esempio l'invenzione brevettuale n? 102012902029608, dove viene descritta una "Miscela Prebiotica" a base di una fibra polisaccaridica vegetale (tra inulina, mucillagini di Malvaceae, fibre di psillio, mucillagini di Linum usitatissimum, fibre di glucommanano, fibre di gramigna e gomma arabica) e almeno un estratto naturale/vegetale (tra Propoli, Olivo, Aloe vera, Thymus vulgaris, Agrimonia eupatoria) che oltre a inibire/rallentare la formazione di gas intestinali, stimola selettivamente la crescita e/o l'attivit? del microbiota intestinale, anche se compromessa da una serie di patologie. In recent decades, to overcome this problem, various mixtures based on vegetable/natural products have been proposed, such as for example the patent invention n? 102012902029608, which describes a "Prebiotic Blend" based on a vegetable polysaccharide fiber (including inulin, Malvaceae mucilages, psyllium fibers, Linum usitatissimum mucilages, glucomanan fibers, weed fibers and gum arabic) and at least one natural extract / vegetable (between Propolis, Olive, Aloe vera, Thymus vulgaris, Agrimonia eupatoria) which in addition to inhibiting / slowing down the formation of intestinal gas, selectively stimulates growth and / or activity? of the intestinal microbiota, even if compromised by a series of pathologies.
Altre miscele a base di fibra sono state associate a probiotici come nel caso della domanda di brevetto n? 102009901693012 in cui l'invenzione proposta ? a base di uno o pi? probiotici (tra Bifidobatteri e Lattobacilli) , un prebiotico (tra GOS, FOS, inulina ecc.), Lattoferrina e sali minerali (magnesio, potassio, zinco e rame). Questa invenzione oltre ad avere un'attivit? antinfiammatoria e immunomoduiante , mira al mantenimento e/o il ripristino della salute intestinale e alla prevenzione dell'insorgenza d? disbiosi comuni del tratto digerente. Other fiber-based blends have been associated with probiotics as in the case of patent application no. 102009901693012 in which the proposed invention is based on one or more probiotics (including Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli), a prebiotic (including GOS, FOS, inulin, etc.), lactoferrin and mineral salts (magnesium, potassium, zinc and copper). This invention in addition to having an activity? anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating, aims at maintaining and/or restoring intestinal health and at preventing the onset of d? common dysbiosis of the digestive tract.
Con il termine disbiosi intestinale ci si riferisce ad alterazioni del microbiota intestinale. Come ? noto, la disbiosi ? correlata all'insorgenza di diverse patologie croniche del tratto intestinale, come ad esempio il cancro, malattie metaboliche, ecc. The term intestinal dysbiosis refers to alterations of the intestinal microbiota. As ? well known, dysbiosis ? related to the onset of various chronic pathologies of the intestinal tract, such as cancer, metabolic diseases, etc.
Il brevetto n? 102012902043394 propone un alimento a base di latte di asina fortificato (anche con prebiotici) per soddisfare specifiche esigenze nutrizionali e/o patologiche dei neonati. The patent n? 102012902043394 offers a food based on donkey milk fortified (also with prebiotics) to meet specific nutritional and/or pathological needs of newborns.
Il latte di bufala invece viene proposto tra i prodotti caseari da utilizzare per la preparazione di un alimento funzionale nel brevetto n? 102010901899503. Buffalo milk, on the other hand, is proposed among the dairy products to be used for the preparation of a functional food in patent no. 102010901899503.
Dallo stato dell'arte brevettuale, si evince che l'invenzione proposta dalla seguente domanda di brevetto individua un nuovo ingrediente, la scotta di latte di bufala e/o suoi estratti, per la formulazione di un prebiotico per la prevenzione e gestione delle patologie croniche associate a disbiosi intestinale. From the patent state of the art, it can be seen that the invention proposed by the following patent application identifies a new ingredient, buffalo milk scotta and/or its extracts, for the formulation of a prebiotic for the prevention and management of chronic pathologies associated with intestinal dysbiosis.
Nella letteratura scientifica degli ultimi anni c'? un diffuso interesse sulle applicazioni dei prebiotici e probiotici in ambito alimentare e clinico [3, 4]. ? ormai acciarato il ruolo cruciale del microbiota intestinale nella modulazione del sistema immunitario e quindi per la conseguente capacit? di interferire con i processi di formazione e sviluppo di patologie croniche incluso il cancro [5, 6]. Il microbiota intestinale interviene sull'accumulo delle sostanze mutageniche, genotossiche e citotossiche che sono state dimostrate essere responsabili, pi? dei fattori genetici, dell'insorgenza della patologia tumorale [7]. Queste evidenze sono supportate da studi preclinici in cui si ? osservato che sostanze ad azione cancerogena sono in grado di indurre l'insorgenza di tumori in misura ridotta in topi "germfree", ovvero topi completamente privi al loro interno di qualunque microrganismo, rispetto a topi che presentano un normale microbiota intestinale [8]. Inoltre, ? stato osservato che soggetti affetti da cancro del colon-retto, presentano un microbiota intestinale alterato caratterizzato rispettivamente da una ridotta e aumentata presenza di b?fidobatteri e clostridi [9, 10]. Dai contributi derivanti dagli studi scientifici appare evidente il ruolo protettivo dei prebiotici e/o probiotici che ? volto al miglioramento del microambiente intestinale attraverso diversi meccanismi che includono la riduzione del pH nel lume intestinale, l'influenza sulla risposta immunitaria, l'inibizione di sostanze con potenziale carcinogenico e la riduzione di alcune attivit? enzimatiche coinvolte nello sviluppo della patologia tumorale . In the scientific literature of recent years c'? a widespread interest in the applications of prebiotics and probiotics in the food and clinical fields [3, 4]. ? now established the crucial role of the intestinal microbiota in the modulation of the immune system and therefore for the consequent capacity? to interfere with the processes of formation and development of chronic pathologies including cancer [5, 6]. The intestinal microbiota intervenes on the accumulation of mutagenic, genotoxic and cytotoxic substances which have been demonstrated to be responsible, more of genetic factors, of the onset of tumor pathology [7]. This evidence is supported by preclinical studies in which observed that substances with a carcinogenic action are able to induce the onset of tumors to a reduced extent in "germfree" mice, i.e. mice completely devoid of any microorganism inside them, compared to mice with a normal intestinal microbiota [8]. Furthermore, ? It has been observed that subjects affected by colorectal cancer have an altered intestinal microbiota characterized respectively by a reduced and increased presence of b?fidobacteria and clostridia [9, 10]. From the contributions deriving from scientific studies, the protective role of prebiotics and/or probiotics appears evident. aimed at improving the intestinal microenvironment through various mechanisms which include the reduction of pH in the intestinal lumen, the influence on the immune response, the inhibition of substances with carcinogenic potential and the reduction of some activities enzymes involved in the development of tumor pathology.
Siero di latte Whey
Il siero di latte (SdL) ? la parte liquida separata dal latte dopo il processo di caseificazione. Nello specifico, si ottiene per precipitazione della frazione proteica del latte successivamente all'aggiunta di caglio, animale o microbico/vegetale, ad opera di specifici batteri ed enzimi che provocano la coagulazione della caseina contenuta nel latte. Il SdL contiene principalmente lattosio, proteine, sali minerali, lipidi, acido lattico, glucosio e galattosio. A seconda della derivazione del latte (vacca, bufala, ecc.), del metodo utilizzato per cagliare il latte e del tipo di caglio utilizzato, si ottengono diversi tipi di sieri che presentano diverse caratteristiche e propriet? nutrizionali. Per anni il SdL ? stato considerato un prodotto di scarto del processo di caseificazione, che genera solo costi per la sua corretta gestione/il suo smaltimento. Tuttavia, negli ultimi anni diverse evidenze scientifiche hanno dimostrato che il SdL per una serie di importanti propriet? biologiche (antiossidante, antimicrobiche, immunostimolanti , ipotensiva) ? in grado di prevenire e curare diverse patologie (patologie cardiovascolari, epatiche, intestinali ed ossee) (11-13]. Considerate le sue preziose caratteristiche nutrizionali e la crescente consapevolezza dei consumatori circa gli effetti benefici sulla salute, ad oggi ? stata sviluppata una gamma di nuovi prodotti alimentari a base di SdL, riducendo cos? al minimo il suo spreco complessivo. Le pi? grandi aziende lattiero-casearie hanno introdotto una nuova generazione di integratori alimentari a base di proteine del SdL con lo scopo principale di correggere la malnutrizione e/o mantenere/recuperare uno stato nutrizionale normale. Tra questi troviamo ad esempio, gli idrolizzati e i concentrati di proteine del siero di latte dell'Aria Foods Ingredients, destinati alla nutrizione sia medica che sportiva, unitamente alla produzione ai cibi salutari. Anche Nestl? Health Science negli ultimi anni ha dedicato una linea della sua produzione alle proteine solubili del siero di latte, la Resource Whey Protein. Inoltre, sempre Nestl? Health Science ha sviluppato una linea di prodotti prebiotici, Fiber Choice? Assorted Fruit, capace di stimolare la crescita e l'attivit? dei batteri benefici che vivono nel tuo tratto digestivo, grazie all'azione dell'inulina e diverse fibre di origine vegetale (PREBIO 1? - speciale miscela di fibre solubili e insolubili capace di promuovere la crescita di batteri benefici e sostenere la salute dell'apparato digerente). Whey (SdL) ? the liquid part separated from the milk after the cheesemaking process. Specifically, it is obtained by precipitation of the protein fraction of the milk following the addition of rennet, animal or microbial/vegetable, by specific bacteria and enzymes which cause the coagulation of the casein contained in the milk. The SdL mainly contains lactose, proteins, mineral salts, lipids, lactic acid, glucose and galactose. Depending on the origin of the milk (cow, buffalo, etc.), the method used to curdle the milk and the type of rennet used, different types of whey are obtained which have different characteristics and properties. nutritional. For years the SdL ? been considered a waste product of the cheesemaking process, which only generates costs for its proper management/disposal. However, in recent years various scientific evidences have demonstrated that the SdL for a series of important properties? biological (antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunostimulant, hypotensive) ? able to prevent and treat various pathologies (cardiovascular, hepatic, intestinal and bone pathologies) (11-13]. Considering its precious nutritional characteristics and the growing awareness of consumers about the beneficial effects on health, a range has been developed to date of new food products based on LDS, thus minimizing its overall waste.The largest dairy companies have introduced a new generation of food supplements based on LDS proteins with the main aim of correcting malnutrition and /or maintain/recover a normal nutritional status.Among these we find, for example, the hydrolysates and whey protein concentrates of Aria Foods Ingredients, intended for both medical and sports nutrition, together with the production of health foods.Nestl too? In recent years, Health Science has dedicated a line of its production to soluble whey proteins, the Resource Whey Protein. Also, still Nestl? Health Science has developed a line of prebiotic products, Fiber Choice? Assorted Fruit, capable of stimulating growth and activity? of beneficial bacteria that live in your digestive tract, thanks to the action of inulin and various fibers of vegetable origin (PREBIO 1? - special blend of soluble and insoluble fibers capable of promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and supporting the health of the digestive system digestive).
Anche realt? pi? piccole, ma non meno importanti fanno uso del siero di latte come base per i loro prodotti. Ad esempio, l'azienda svizzera Rivella produce bevande dove il siero di latte viene addizionato ad oligoelementi, sali minerali, lattosio, vitamine ed aromi naturali, azienda Austriaca, invece, propone tra i suoi prodotti Lattella Protein una bibita per sportivi contente proteine del siero ad alta qualit?. Ugualmente, l'azienda Livigno produce una bevanda per sportivi, Saron, a base di siero di latte. Also reality? more small but no less important make use of whey as a basis for their products. For example, the Swiss company Rivella produces drinks where the whey is added with trace elements, mineral salts, lactose, vitamins and natural flavourings, while the Austrian company, on the other hand, offers Lattella Protein among its products, a drink for sportsmen containing whey proteins high quality. Likewise, the Livigno company produces a whey-based sports drink, Saron.
Tutti i casi finora descritti fanno uso di siero di latte vaccino. Ad oggi, pochi studi sono stati effettuati sul siero dal latte di bufala (SLB). All the cases described so far make use of cow's milk whey. To date, few studies have been performed on buffalo milk whey (SLB).
La Scotta The Scott
Un sottoprodotto derivante dalla lavorazione del siero di latte di bufala e di altre specie per la produzione della ricotta ? rappresentato dalla "scotta" in cui l'elevate temperature (> 100?C) favoriscono la coagulazione delle albumine e globuline e denaturano altre proteine e peptidi presenti. La scotta viene attualmente utilizzata per l?alimentazione del bestiame o per l'estrazione del lattosio. Nel caso della presente invenzione ? stata utilizzata la "scotta" sgrassata e delattosata (SD) proveniente dal latte di bufala. A by-product deriving from the processing of buffalo milk whey and other species for the production of ricotta? represented by the "sheet" in which the high temperatures (> 100?C) favor the coagulation of albumins and globulins and denature other proteins and peptides present. The scotta is currently used for feeding livestock or for the extraction of lactose. In the case of the present invention ? the defatted and delactosed (SD) "scotta" from buffalo milk was used.
Descrizione delle figure Description of the figures
Fig. 1 - Effetto della scotta (SD) sulla composizione del microbiota intestinale. La SD ? stata somministrata alla dose di 10 ml/kg a topi C57 da laboratorio per 13 settimane. Il grafico riporta la variazione significativa dei generi del microbiota intestinale tra il gruppo di animali controllo (non trattato con SD) e quello trattato con SD. Fig. 1 - Effect of scotta (SD) on the composition of the intestinal microbiota. SD? was administered at a dose of 10 ml/kg to C57 laboratory mice for 13 weeks. The graph shows the significant variation of the intestinal microbiota genera between the control group of animals (not treated with SD) and the one treated with SD.
Fig. 2 - Effetto della scotta (SD) sulla composizione del microbiota intestinale in topi trattati con l'agente cancerogeno azossimetano (AOM). La SD ? stata somministrata alla dose di 10 ml/kg a topi C57 da laboratorio per 13 settimane a partire da una settimana prima dell'agente cancerogeno. Il grafico riporta le variazioni significative dei generi tra il gruppo di animali trattati con solo AOM ed il gruppo di animali trattati con SD+AOM. Fig. 2 - Effect of scotta (SD) on intestinal microbiota composition in mice treated with the carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM). SD? was administered at a dose of 10 ml/kg to C57 laboratory mice for 13 weeks starting one week before the carcinogen. The graph shows the significant gender variations between the group of animals treated with AOM alone and the group of animals treated with SD+AOM.
Fig. 3 - Effetto della scotta (SD) sulla composizione del microbiota intestinale in topi di controllo e topi trattati con l'agente cancerogeno azossimetano (AOM). La scotta ? stata somministrata alla dose di 10 ml/kg a topi da laboratorio per 13 settimane a partire da una settimana prima dell'agente cancerogeno. Il grafico riporta le variazioni significative dei generi tra il gruppo di animali trattati con solo AOM ed il gruppo di animali trattati con SD+AOM. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. SD: scotta di latte di bufala sgrassata e delattosata; AOM: azossimetano . Fig. 3 - Effect of scotta (SD) on gut microbiota composition in control mice and mice treated with the carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM). The sheet? was administered at a dose of 10 ml/kg to laboratory mice for 13 weeks starting one week before the carcinogen. The graph shows the significant gender variations between the group of animals treated with AOM alone and the group of animals treated with SD+AOM. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. SD: defatted and delactosed buffalo milk scotta; AOM: azoxymethane.
Fig. 4 - Effetto della scotta (SD) sulla composizione del microbiota intestinale in topi di controllo e topi trattati con l'agente cancerogeno azossimetano (AOM). La SD ? stata somministrata alla dose di 10 ml/kg a topi C57 da laboratorio per 13 settimane a partire da una settimana prima dell'agente cancerogeno. Il grafico riporta le variazioni significative dei generi tra il gruppo di animali trattati con solo AOM ed il gruppo di animali trattati con SD+AOM. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. SD: scotta di latte di bufala sgrassata e delattosata; AOM: azossimetano . Fig. 4 - Effect of scotta (SD) on gut microbiota composition in control mice and mice treated with the carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM). SD? was administered at a dose of 10 ml/kg to C57 laboratory mice for 13 weeks starting one week before the carcinogen. The graph shows the significant gender variations between the group of animals treated with AOM alone and the group of animals treated with SD+AOM. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. SD: defatted and delactosed buffalo milk scotta; AOM: azoxymethane.
DESCRIZIONE DETTAGLIATA DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Alla luce dei risultati conseguiti dai nostri studi sulla scotta, ottenuta dal siero di latte di bufala, emergono nuove ed importanti informazioni scientifiche sul suo valore salutistico. In the light of the results achieved by our studies on scotta, obtained from buffalo milk whey, new and important scientific information emerges on its health value.
Processo produttivo della scotta Sheet production process
La preparazione della scotta prevede la delattosazione, sgrassatura ed eventuale disidratazione. The preparation of the scotta involves delactosation, degreasing and possible dehydration.
La scotta ? un sottoprodotto derivante dalla lavorazione del siero di latte di bufala e di altre specie per la produzione della ricotta in cui l'elevate temperature (> 100?C) favoriscono la coagulazione delle albumine e globuline e denaturano altre proteine e peptidi presenti. The sheet? a by-product deriving from the processing of buffalo milk whey and other species for the production of ricotta in which the high temperatures (> 100?C) favor the coagulation of albumins and globulins and denature other proteins and peptides present.
Il lattosio ? idrolizzato durante il processo di coagulazione del latte per la produzione della mozzarella. Si fa ricorso, infatti, all'enzima lattasi (120 ml in 100 kg di latte) al fine di ottenete l'idrolisi enzimatica del lattosio. La rimozione del grasso dalla scotta avviene per centrifugazione . The lactose ? hydrolysed during the milk coagulation process for the production of mozzarella. In fact, the enzyme lactase is used (120 ml in 100 kg of milk) in order to obtain the enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose. The removal of fat from the sheet takes place by centrifugation.
A questo punto, la scotta pu? essere utilizzata tal quale, previa aromatizzazione, o essere sottoposta a disidratazione con "metodo spray", che consiste nell'utilizzo di torri spray in cui la scotta ? portata a ~ 60?C, nebulizzata e disidratata. At this point, the sheet can? be used as it is, after flavoring, or be subjected to dehydration with the "spray method", which consists in the use of spray towers in which the sheet? brought to ~ 60?C, nebulized and dehydrated.
Caratterizzazione della Scotta Scotta characterization
Studi chimici preliminari effettuati sulla scotta di bufala, ottenuta mediante il processo sopra indicato, hanno evidenziato la presenza dei composti riportati in Tabella 1. Preliminary chemical studies carried out on the buffalo scotta, obtained through the process indicated above, have highlighted the presence of the compounds shown in Table 1.
Alcuni tra i metaboliti identificati hanno evidenziato importanti propriet? biologiche riportate nella Tabella 2. Some of the identified metabolites have shown important properties biologics listed in Table 2.
Tabella 2 - Attivit? biologiche dei composti Table 2 - Activities biology of compounds
identificati nella scotta. identified in the sheet.
Sperimentazione pre-clinica su roditori Pre-clinical trials in rodents
? stato valutato l'effetto della scotta proveniente dalla lavorazione del latte di bufala sulla composizione del microbiota intestinale in topi da laboratorio. La scotta ? stata somministrata per via orale alla dose di 10 ml/Kg a topi C57. Agli animali di controllo (che non hanno ricevuto la scotta) ? stata somministrata acqua di fonte per via orale. L'analisi del microbiota ? stata condotta su campioni fecali prelevati dagli animali all'inizio (cio? prima dell'inizio del trattamento con scotta e/o AOM) e al termine dell'esperimento (cio? dopo 13 settimane di trattamento con la scotta; la scotta ? stata somministrata agli animali 3 volte a settimana per tredici settimane) . I risultati ottenuti hanno rivelato che la scotta ? in grado di modificare la composizione del microbiota intestinale. Infatti, come riportato in Figura 1, 22 generi di specie microbiche sono modificate rispetto al gruppo di controllo. Nello specifico la SD ha incrementato diverse specie microbiche quali ad esempio Phocea, Oscillabacter e Lactobacillus che ? stato dimostrato esercitare effetti benefici in diverse patologie croniche (Figura 1). In una seconda fase, in considerazione degli effetti benefici della scotta sulla composizione del microbiota intestinale, sono state effettuate prove sperimentali su animali a cui ? stata indotta la formazione di un tumore colorettale in seguito a somministrazione dell'agente cancerogeno azossimetano (AOM). L'AOM ? stato somministrato intraperitonealmente una volta a settimana per quattro settimane alla dose di 10 mg/kg (dose totale 40 mg/kg). Come si evince dalle Figure 2, 3 e 4, la somministrazione della SD era in grado non solo di contrastare la disbiosi intestinale indotta dall'agente cancerogeno AOM ( Atopobiaceae, Ruminococcus 1 e Lachnospiraceae XPB1014; Parabacteroides e Candida tus saccharimonas , specie coinvolte nello sviluppo di diverse patologie croniche), ma anche di modulare i livelli di specie microbiche "benefiche", (quali ad esempio Eubacterium xylanophilum, Turicibacter, Clostridium sensustricto, Lachnoclostridium, Eubacterium brachy group e Gram-negative bacterium cTPY-13 ) in animali sani ed in animali che presentano un cancro colorettale (Figure 1, 2, 3 e 4). Le prove sperimentali condotte suggeriscono un possibile utilizzo della scotta sgrassata e delattosata come putativo candidato per la formulazione di alimenti funzionali, alimenti fortificati, prodotti nutraceutici e/o integratori alimentari per la prevenzione e gestione della disbiosi intestinale. ? The effect of scotta from buffalo milk processing on the composition of the intestinal microbiota in laboratory mice was evaluated. The sheet? was administered orally at a dose of 10 ml/kg to C57 mice. To the control animals (that did not receive the clew) ? was given spring water orally. Microbiota analysis? was conducted on faecal samples taken from the animals at the beginning (i.e. before the start of treatment with scalding and/or AOM) and at the end of the experiment (i.e. after 13 weeks of scalding treatment; the scalding was administered to animals 3 times a week for thirteen weeks). The results obtained have revealed that the scotta ? capable of modifying the composition of the intestinal microbiota. In fact, as reported in Figure 1, 22 genera of microbial species are modified with respect to the control group. Specifically, the SD has increased various microbial species such as Phocea, Oscillabacter and Lactobacillus which? been shown to exert beneficial effects in various chronic diseases (Figure 1). In a second phase, in consideration of the beneficial effects of the scotta on the composition of the intestinal microbiota, experimental tests were carried out on animals to which ? the formation of a colorectal tumor was induced following administration of the carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM). The AOM? was administered intraperitoneally once weekly for four weeks at a dose of 10 mg/kg (total dose 40 mg/kg). As can be seen from Figures 2, 3 and 4, the administration of SD was able not only to counteract the intestinal dysbiosis induced by the carcinogenic agent AOM (Atopobiaceae, Ruminococcus 1 and Lachnospiraceae XPB1014; Parabacteroides and Candida tus saccharimonas, species involved in the development of various chronic pathologies), but also to modulate the levels of "beneficial" microbial species (such as, for example, Eubacterium xylanophilum, Turicibacter, Clostridium sensustricto, Lachnoclostridium, Eubacterium brachy group and Gram-negative bacterium cTPY-13 ) in healthy animals and in animals presenting with colorectal cancer (Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4). The experimental tests carried out suggest a possible use of the defatted and delactosed scotta as a putative candidate for the formulation of functional foods, fortified foods, nutraceutical products and/or food supplements for the prevention and management of intestinal dysbiosis.
Formulazione Formulation
In fase realizzativa l'invenzione sar? costituita da circa 40-80% in peso di scotta sgrassata e delattosata. During the construction phase, the invention will be made up of about 40-80% by weight of defatted and delactosed scotta.
Nella fase di realizzazione la miscela potr? comprendere ulteriori componenti, come ad esempio, ingredienti probiotici (come Lattobacilli, ecc.) e prebiotici (come le fibre), estratti vegetali (ricchi in composti fenolici ad alta attivit? antiossidante, antinfiammatoria, ecc. come ad esempio estratti da Olea europea, bromelaina, ecc . ) , vitamine, sali minerali, aromi naturali, zuccheri, ecc. During the construction phase, the mixture will be able to include additional components, such as, for example, probiotic ingredients (such as Lactobacilli, etc.) and prebiotics (such as fibers), plant extracts (rich in phenolic compounds with high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity, etc. such as, for example, extracts from European Olea, bromelain, etc.), vitamins, mineral salts, natural flavourings, sugars, etc.
L'invenzione potr? essere realizzata in forma di alimento funzionale e/o alimento fortificato e/o integratore alimentare e/o nutraceutico e/o composizione farmaceutica . The invention can be made in the form of functional food and/or fortified food and/or food supplement and/or nutraceutical and/or pharmaceutical composition.
La formulazione del prebiotico a base di scotta (ed ulteriori ingredienti), potr? essere realizzata sia in forma liquida (bevanda, sciroppo, elisir, ecc.) che in forma solida (liofilizzato/polvere, granulato, capsule, compressa, pasticche, confetti, caramelle, barretta ecc.). The formulation of the prebiotic based on scotta (and other ingredients), can be made both in liquid form (beverage, syrup, elixir, etc.) and in solid form (freeze-dried/powder, granules, capsules, tablets, tablets, sugared almonds, candies, bars, etc.).
Un esempio di forma farmaceutica che verr? realizzata ? rappresentato dalle compresse che saranno costituite da: An example of a pharmaceutical form that will come? accomplished ? represented by the tablets which will consist of:
scotta liofilizzata 70% (o sui derivati quali frazioni o miscela di principi attivi); freeze-dried scotta 70% (or on derivatives such as fractions or mixture of active ingredients);
amido 10% ; starch 10% ;
stearati metallici 5% ; metal stearates 5%;
- vitamina C 15% . - vitamin C 15% .
Effetti Effects
Come detto in precedenza l'alterazione del microbiota intestinale pu? essere associato alla presenza/insorgenza di patologie gastrointestinali, tra i quali anche il cancro. As previously mentioned, the alteration of the intestinal microbiota can be associated with the presence/onset of gastrointestinal diseases, including cancer.
Il prebiotico proposto dalla suddetta invenzione andr? ad agire selettivamente (come dimostrato attraverso gli studi svolti sul modello animale) sul microbiota intestinale, promuovendo la crescita dei microrganismi benefici (effetto prebiotico) e limitando quella dei microrganismi associati alla presenza di un tumore. The prebiotic proposed by the aforementioned invention will go? to act selectively (as demonstrated through studies carried out on the animal model) on the intestinal microbiota, promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms (prebiotic effect) and limiting that of microorganisms associated with the presence of a tumour.
Dunque, l'invenzione pu? essere impiegata nella prevenzione e/o trattamento di patologie croniche (cancro colon rettale, morbo di Chron, colite ulcerosa, malattie metaboliche, artrite reumatoide e osteoporosi) associate a disbiosi intestinale e nei processi riabilitativi intestinali (processi necessari in seguito a operazioni chirurgiche a livello intestinale, trattamenti di lunga durata con antibiotici, ecc.) che possono beneficiare dell'utilizzo di modulatori del microbiota intestinale. So, the invention can be used in the prevention and/or treatment of chronic pathologies (colon-rectal cancer, Chron's disease, ulcerative colitis, metabolic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis) associated with intestinal dysbiosis and in intestinal rehabilitation processes (processes necessary following surgical operations at bowel, long-term treatments with antibiotics, etc.) which can benefit from the use of intestinal microbiota modulators.
Inoltre, l'invenzione pu? essere utilizzata tal quale e/o in associazione alla terapia convenzionale come trattamento adiuvante. Un esempio di trattamento consiste nell'assunzione giornaliera della composizione descritta al fine di mantenere e/o ripristinare il microbiota intestinale. Furthermore, the invention can be used as such and/or in combination with conventional therapy as an adjuvant treatment. An example of treatment consists in the daily intake of the described composition in order to maintain and/or restore the intestinal microbiota.
Infine, attraverso l'invenzione sar? valorizzato uno scarto della filiera lattiero-casearia bufalina, la scotta di latte di bufala, cos? da ridurre l'impatto ambientale ed economico di questo, in un'ottica di economia circolare e sostenibilit? ambientale. Finally, through the invention will be? valued a waste of the buffalo dairy chain, the buffalo milk scotta, so? to reduce the environmental and economic impact of this, with a view to circular economy and sustainability? environmental.
Claims (1)
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