IT202100005075U1 - DEVICE TO CONSTRAIN THE TILES OR OTHERWISE OF THE ROOFS, WITH THE PURPOSE OF AVOIDING UNROOFING THE ROOFS, THEREFORE A REINFORCEMENT IN MOMENTS WHEN THE WINDS ARE CONSIDERABLY STRONG AND THEREFORE DANGEROUS. - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION.

Description attached to the patent application for

utility, entitled: Device for binding

other of the roofs, with the aim of avoiding unroofing the roofs, therefore a reinforcement in moments when the winds are considerably strong and therefore dangerous.

Purpose of the following project? that of finding a solution to overcome the often fatal accidents due to tiles or other things falling from the roofs of buildings during intense rain and very strong winds, which today with climate change have become frequent and destructive not only in Italy but throughout the world . Is roof reinforcement possible? apply to any type of coverage.

The technique used in this project has the aim of making more? tiled roofs are safe, allowing greater resistance to frequent storms with very strong winds and rain. To calculate the project in mathematical form you can? use the finite element method.

But what ? security << can? be defined as the "knowledge that the evolution of a system will not produce unwanted states" In other words? being aware that a certain action will not cause? of future damages. The presupposition of knowledge? fundamental from an epistemological point of view, since? a system can evolve without giving rise to unwanted states, but this does not mean it can? be considered safe. Only scientific knowledge, therefore based on repeatable observations, can ensure a sensible safety assessment.

Total safety occurs in the absence of dangers. In an absolute sense, this is a concept that is difficult to translate into real life even if the application of safety standards makes it more effective. It is difficult for harmful events and accidents to occur and always translates into better quality? of life>>. Security Wikipedia This page ? was last edited on May 22, 2021, at 5:06 pm

If the tiles of buildings are moved during strong winds accompanied by heavy downpours, they can cause accidents to people and things nearby, not only can they wet the inside of houses or other buildings (churches, museums, libraries and others) with enormous damage, often not repairable.

<< Coverage or more? commonly a roof, it has the function of defining the upper part of the building and preserving the internal environment from atmospheric agents and the invasion of animals.

The essential purpose of covers? protect the underlying buildings from rain, resist the stresses caused by snow and wind and reduce the building's thermal dispersion. The covering layer, which is? the external layer of the roofing guarantees water tightness, while the load-bearing structure has the task of supporting the covering>> Wikipedia Roofing this page? was last edited on Sep 18, 2021, at 11:27 pm

One of the important components for building a roof? the tile of which there are different types.

<< The tile? an artifact made of resistant but at the same time light materials, such as brick (the most widespread for this type of element), slate (or other rocks), wood, cement, terracotta or metal. The tiles are usually used as a covering covering for roofs (or sloping pitches) and constitute the so-called

"discontinuous coverage systems" that is? with small elements to distinguish them from "continuous roofing" with large slabs.

The main purpose of the tiles? is to protect the building from rain, preventing it from infiltrating, damaging the structure and compromising its habitability? of the house itself.>> Wikipedia Tile this page? was last edited on April 17, 2021, at 07:52.

<< There are different types of tiles, which have evolved over the centuries, which vary depending on the location. and the materials used and available in those years:

- The Florentine tile, made of curved brick, is the type of tile the most? widespread in Italy.

- The embrice (or Roman tile), made of brick, flat in shape with raised edges, used together with tiles for traditional roofing, especially in central Italy.

The Marseille tile, made of brick, is flat with longitudinal grooves to facilitate the flow of precipitation and lateral teeth for mutual overlapping.

The Portuguese tile: made of brick, has a wave and a flat part, on which the wave of the tile next to it rests and hooks. The wave part narrows upwards and can have reliefs to attach to the tile upstream.

The interlocking tile invented in 1841 by the French inspired by the principle of the historical "Flemish tile", saves weight and surface area by avoiding individual fixing to the carpentry. Easy to use, stable in the wind, can? adapt to all roof slopes.

The Dutch tile: made of brick, similar in shape to the Portuguese, but with a less accentuated wave and of the same size throughout its length, can have reliefs and grooves to attach to adjacent ones.

The slab of slate or other stone: losa or beola or pioda.

The wooden shingles.

The chianche, or stone chiancarelle.>> wikipedia Tile this page? was last edited on April 17, 2021, at 07:52.

Most of the tiles used in construction are Coppo (tile)

<< The tile, or curved tile, locally also called "canal", traditionally produced by molding and industrially by extrusion, has approximately the shape of a third of a truncated cone (at first sight it seems like a portion of a cylindrical surface, because the taper is barely perceptible). The typical dimensions, which vary in the various regional traditions (Veneto tile, Piedmontese tile, etc.) are 45-50 cm in length and 13-20 cm wide.

The UNI 2630 standard, now withdrawn, stated: length 45 cm, maximum width 20 cm, minimum width 14 cm, height 7.2 cm. It is generally made of brick)

The requirement per square meter of coverage? quite variable due to very flexible overlap measurement. However, approximately 28-30 tiles are needed, to be arranged at the bottom in convex rows (channels) and at the top in concave rows (covered), with overlaps of approximately 6 cm; this results in a weight per square meter of approximately 60-66 kg. The slope of the pitch is not ? typically less than 30%.

It represents the most suitable type of coverage. widespread in Italy. It has the drawback of tending to slide downwards over time; to ensure stability? of position, versions are on the market equipped with simple systems that allow one tile to be anchored together.>>

Wikipedia Coppo (tile) This page ? was last edited on 12 December 2019 at 15:53

The straps which allow for greater safety and therefore greater resistance of the tiles from movement in the event of strong winds are made of polymer material (acetal, delrin) and are perfectly tied, in fact the tiles do not move.

Another very important element for creating a roof safety system? the tie rod<< which in architecture indicates a structural element, often made of metal, useful for counteracting the lateral pushing forces due to the weight, for example, of a roof. It is often found in association with arches or vaults. From a structural point of view, an element that works, as can be understood from the term, with simple traction, unlike the strut which instead works with simple compression, is called a tie rod. Wikipedia link this page? was last edited on November 23, 2020, at 11:56 am

The metal tie rod? an alternative to the polymer belt can however be used at the discretion of the designer, they involve more work for installation and a different aesthetic. The straps have a color similar to that of the tiles that make up the roof of the building in question.

This is to maintain the aesthetic part of the roofs.

The width of the belt? of 70mm a thickness of 20mm has a length based on the length of the roof. The distance between one belt and the next depends on the lengths of the tiles, each belt in fact passes through the middle of a series of tiles that form the roof of the building.

The dimensions of the width of the strap can vary from a minimum of 6 cm to a maximum of 10 cm, all based on the safety requirement you want to obtain, equally for the nailing that will support it. the strap in the two extreme parts of the roof, these are made of steel and have a hole to secure the strap as much as possible. To keep the belt tensioned and for greater safety, two holes can also be made, nailed or fixed with bolts.

The straps must also be placed in the transversal position and then connected in such a way as to form a net over the entire roof, also for these straps they are made at the ends? holes to fasten the goods to the roof, furthermore a hole is made in the intersection between the two straps which joins the two straps using bolts or nails.

The transversal belts are placed at a distance of approximately two meters from each other, however this must be calculated in the installation project.

<<The bolt? a removable junction element between two mechanical parts, made up of a male element (a screw) and a female element (nut or counter-rivet).

From a technical definition point of view, the term bolt identifies the combination of screw and nut. However, in common language and in some technical texts of the past, it is not? It is rare for only the screw or nut to be identified with this term>> Bolt Wikipedia This page? was last edited on September 23, 2021, at 11:54 pm

Another important system that can? connect the crossings of the two straps, transverse and horizontal? the nailing and it will be? certainly the most? economical and resistant.

<< The nailing? a technological process used to create permanent connections between components of a structure, through the application of nails or rivets.

Nails can be divided into different types:

- depending on the application.

Hot: the nail is heated to 900 ?c, then inserted into the hole and riveted. As it cools, it shortens and is subjected to tensile stress; the joined edges remain so due to the friction that forms between the adjacent surfaces. Hot joining? suitable for highly stressed thick walls.

Cold: the nail? placed in the housing and reaffirmed, so? traction? modest, therefore also the friction generated between adjacent surfaces. In this way the union? ensured by the shear resistance of the nail shanks, and not by friction. This second method? more? used for sheet metal, and the nails are called rivets.>> Nailing Wikipedia This page? was last edited on May 29, 2020, at 5:26 pm

Based on the application of the two hot and cold systems the most? the cold system is convenient, as the hot system could irremediably damage the polymer (plastic) belts.

<< The material of the nails, rivets or rivets? dictated by the field of use of the connection: generally the nail

? made of the same material as the edges to be connected, so as not to create galvanic corrosive phenomena, therefore a carpentry steel for most applications, aluminum or titanium alloys >>. Who hates Wikipedia This page? was last edited on May 29, 2020, at 5:26 pm

The effective life of the belts that perform the safety operation in buildings is estimated at 50 to 60 years, ? it is therefore necessary to periodically carry out checks on the operating status of the system itself.

The holes made in the straps are made of steel to prevent the straps from coming off.

During the installation of the straps, it is mainly necessary to establish the most resistant support points where the nails or bolts can be fixed. These could be the reinforced concrete beams, or wooden beams,

the studs that will fix the straps must have a length of at least 10 cm up to 15 cm and a thickness of 2 cm up to 3 cm to all be inserted into the beams.

The material to be used to form the implant? the polymer called plastic, << are organic materials with a high molecular weight, that is? made up of molecules with a very long chain (macromolecules), which essentially determine the specific framework of the characteristics of the materials themselves.

They can be made of pure polymers or mixed with additives or various fillers. Filled plastics are composite materials in which the matrix? precisely the chosen plastic material, within which carbon, glass, Kevlar or even wood fibers are embedded. The most polymers common are synthetics produced from substances derived from petroleum, but there are also plastic materials developed from other sources).

Plastic materials Wikipedia This page ? was last edited on August 31, 2021, at 4:10 pm

Each end? are there any straps? a 3 cm hole to allow the strap to be fastened, the latter a metal button to keep the straps in place and prevent them from slipping off.

Another mechanical part that will come? used are the screws will only be used for connections in wooden beams

<< they are a threaded member of cylindrical shape, mainly used to fasten objects to each other. It is a simple machine capable of transforming circular motion into rectilinear motion >>. << The vine? a particular application of the principle of the wedge or inclined plane. The wedge? consisting of the helix of the thread, which wraps around the screw cylinder and

presses on a plane represented by the opposing thread. The screws are generally right-handed, that is, they are screwed in by turning clockwise, vice versa when unscrewing in the opposite direction>> <<The screws and bolts are produced in a wide range of materials, the most used of which? steel, followed by brass. Where resistance to corrosive agents is required, stainless steel, titanium or bronze are used >>. See you mechanics Wikipedia This page? It was last modified on 23 September 2021 at 00.02

The operation of the screws consists in fixing the metal plate well into the wooden beams.

Very important ? the action of the washers used to securely bind the belt to the beams.

<<A mechanical washer, ? a disk, generally metallic, with a central hole and which is inserted between a bolt nut, or the head of a screw, and the object against which it must be tightened in order to improve its locking. Other uses depend on the type of washer used>>. << Thanks to their width, the washers are able to distribute the clamping load over a larger surface. extended compared to that provided by a bolt or the head of a screw, a particularly important aspect when the element to be fixed is of a less resistant material, such as wood, which would cause the fasteners to sink. They also allow you to increase the friction between the nut and the object to be fixed and act as spacers in case the screws or bolts are too long. >> Washer Wikipedia This page ? was last edited on July 28, 2021, at 8:05 am

The use of washers in the realization of these projects? fundamental above all in anchoring the prisoners, or in tying the straps in order to strengthen the net that you want to form on the roof and therefore improve its resistance.

The problem of having a larger network? efficient? the purpose of the whole project, to tightly bind all the straps? essential.

Another important tool that allows the anchoring of the plate in concrete beams? the piece.

<< The piece? a wall fixing system used in buildings, designed to allow screws to adhere better to the inside of walls.

The piece? composed of:

a serrated plastic or metal outer casing.

- a normal screw.

The assembly phases of a dowel include:

- the opening of a hole, in the surface where it will go? positioned the plug, with a diameter equal to the external casing.

- the insertion of the casing.

- tightening the screw inside the casing.

Locking and resistance to any applied traction are guaranteed by the external casing which, opening during the screwing phase, increases its section. For demanding fixings, the metal plug guarantees greater sealing security over time.

Is there also the chemical piece that? a type of anchor that uses a resin to chemically bond the wall and metal thread. The resin is inserted, together with the screw, into the hole made in the wall. As it dries and hardens, it forms a single block with the concrete. The cost of chemical anchors? usually much more? high compared to

mechanics>>. Wikipedia piece This page? was last edited on March 7, 2021, at 01:43

Important ? the plate consists of five holes, one central one for the stud with plastic casing and four holes at each corner for using the dowels.

Finally, the installation consists of covering the tiles with polymer straps for each row of tiles along the length of the roof, then they will be placed in width every two or three metres, they are fastened together with bolts or nails at the intersection, in the case of bolts there are washers.

At the ends? of the straps are connected to the stud inserted in the wooden or concrete beam for one part while the extremity? which comes out of the stud is connected to the strap, the latter having a metal hole. Subsequently everything is blocked with double nuts to establish safety.

Important are the plates with five holes, the central one of about 3 cm and about 2 cm at the four corners.

Claims (1)

Claim. The device consists of one of straps that cover ? roofs made of different types of tiles in order to avoid roofing with damage to the internal parts of the buildings, particularly the smaller ones? important such as churches, historic buildings, museums, libraries and of course houses. The drawings are not to scale. The most important is in a device, there? several belts installed on the tiles which do not allow them to move when they are subjected to strong winds and heavy rain. In figure 1, a plate with five holes is depicted, one for each corner and one in the center, the latter is used to allow a prisoner to connect with a button, the latter connected to the straps resting on the roof tiles. It is important that first the stud is inserted into the beam, then a washer is placed and then placed on top of the plate secured with screws or dowels, the latter inserted into the wooden or concrete beams respectively. In figure 2, a very important rosette is depicted to constrain all the parts where it is required in the safety project. It is circular in type and has the dimensions as depicted in the drawing, UNI IN ISO 7089 In figure 3, a stud is depicted, one part of which enters the wooden beam or concrete, and the other binds the end? of the belt using nuts and counter nuts to ensure that it is well tensioned so as to allow the tiles not to move and resist strong winds. The stud has a root length of 40 mm M 20, a stem length d? 46 mm and a total length of 110 mm according to UNI 5914-66 standards In figure 4, ? visible is the belt that covers the roofs of the buildings, the latter have a length based on the length of the roofs, a thickness of 2 centimeters, and a width that varies from 6 to 8 cm and even further based on the safety you want to obtain, in particular note is a metal button that allows the constraint at the ends? of the prisoners already? inserted into the beams. Important ? the color given to these straps must be similar to those of the tiles on which you are going to operate, to improve their aesthetics. In Figure 5, ? shown is a lag screw that connects the plate to the wooden beam and therefore constraining the stud which is connected to the wooden beam. In Figure 6, ? designed a bolt which serves to connect the transversal straps to the longitudinal ones to increase adhesion and resistance. The diameter of the thread d, of 30 mm, the diameter of the through hole on the straps ? of 33 mm D. In reference to UNI EN 20273. In the same drawing there is? an EN ISO 4032 type 1 hexagonal nut together constitute a binding point. Can the same system be used? use with nails. In figure 7, the nails that serve to bind the transversal straps with the longitudinal ones are clearly visible. In figure 8, the dowels for anchoring the plate in the concrete beam are clearly visible. In figure 9, ? clearly visible how to place the straps on the roofs, then the implementation to obtain the bond in order to protect the roofs of all buildings, especially historic ones. In figure 10, another system is represented but similar to the previous one for binding the tiles.