IT202000009298A1 - FORMULATION AGAINST CULICIDES - Google Patents
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- -1 hydrocarbon chain alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000256113 Culicidae Species 0.000 claims description 10
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- PRXRUNOAOLTIEF-ADSICKODSA-N Sorbitan trioleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PRXRUNOAOLTIEF-ADSICKODSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004147 Sorbitan trioleate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PXTQQOLKZBLYDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) carbonate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC PXTQQOLKZBLYDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
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- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000974 larvacidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N55/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Description
DESCRIZIONE DESCRIPTION
Della Domanda di Brevetto per Invenzione Industriale dal Titolo: Of the Patent Application for Industrial Invention entitled:
?Formulazione contro i Culicidi? ?Formulation against Culicides?
Stato dell?arte State of art
La gestione ed il controllo dei Culicidi sono oggi principalmente basati sull?uccisione delle prime forme vitali, larve e pupe, che compiono il loro ciclo di vita nell?acqua. The management and control of Culicidae are today mainly based on the killing of the first vital forms, larvae and pupae, which complete their life cycle in the water.
L?utilizzo di oli derivanti dal petrolio, i cosiddetti oli minerali, dispersi su superfici acquose, ? una delle pi? antiche tecniche larvicide usate per il controllo dei Culicidi, tecnica basata su una specifica tossicit? di tali prodotti e sul soffocamento/annegamento delle larve che non riescono a venire a contatto con l?aria sulla superficie dell?acqua indispensabile per la loro respirazione. Tali prodotti, oltre a richiedere l?utilizzo per il loro spargimento sull?acqua di coformulanti per assicurare una distribuzione quanto pi? uniforme, presentano seri problemi di inquinamento ambientale e di danneggiamento di altre specie acquatiche utili. The use of oils deriving from petroleum, the so-called mineral oils, dispersed on aqueous surfaces, ? one of the most ancient larvicidal techniques used for the control of Culicidae, a technique based on a specific toxicity? of such products and on the suffocation/drowning of the larvae which cannot come into contact with the air on the surface of the water which is essential for their breathing. These products, in addition to requiring the use of co-formulants for their spreading on the water to ensure distribution as much as possible. uniform, present serious problems of environmental pollution and damage to other useful aquatic species.
Film superficiali monomolecolari (MMF), a base di surfattanti non ionici sono stati sviluppati in alternativa agli oli minerali (Nayar JK, Ali A. 2003 J Vector Ecol, 28:190); gli MMF si spargono spontaneamente e rapidamente sulla superficie dell?acqua formando un film ultrasottile che non danneggia il ciclo di vita di specie acquatiche utili. Con una modalit? di azione di tipo fisico, che pu? altres? evitare l?insorgere di fenomeni di resistenza negli insetti dannosi, gli MMF permettono la soppressione dei Culicidi, riducendo la tensione superficiale dell?acqua e cos? impedendo il galleggiamento delle specie di Culicidi che ovidepongono direttamente su di essa e ostacolando la respirazione degli stadi di larva e pupa di tali insetti, che devono emergere in parte sulla superficie dall?acqua per respirare. Monomolecular surface films (MMF), based on non-ionic surfactants have been developed as an alternative to mineral oils (Nayar JK, Ali A. 2003 J Vector Ecol, 28:190); MMFs spread spontaneously and rapidly on the surface of the water forming an ultra-thin film that does not damage the life cycle of useful aquatic species. With a mode? of action of a physical type, which can? otherwise? avoid the onset of resistance phenomena in harmful insects, the MMF allow the suppression of Culicidae, reducing the surface tension of the water and so preventing the floating of the species of Culicidae that ovipose directly on it and hindering the respiration of the larva and pupal stages of these insects, which must partially emerge on the surface from the water to breathe.
I primi MMF utilizzati erano a base di lecitina, la loro azione era di breve durata. Sono stati quindi sviluppati come MMF prodotti derivanti da oli vegetali, in particolare alcoli a lunga catena idrocarburica come gli alcoli cetilico o stearico o successivi derivati etossilati quale ad es. isostearilietossilato, che pur risultando poco tossici e sufficientemente persistenti, risentono fortemente dell?azione di vento, pioggia o di presenza di vegetazione superficiale. Tali agenti atmosferici o ambientali provocano una distribuzione non omogenea del prodotto o una disgregazione del film monomolecolare con conseguente incompleta copertura della superficie acquosa e incompleto controllo e mortalit? delle larve e pupe degli insetti nocivi. The first MMFs used were based on lecithin, their action was short-lived. Therefore, products deriving from vegetable oils have been developed as MMFs, in particular alcohols with long hydrocarbon chains such as cetyl or stearic alcohols or subsequent ethoxylated derivatives such as e.g. isostearyl ethoxylate, which although not very toxic and sufficiently persistent, are strongly affected by the action of wind, rain or the presence of surface vegetation. These atmospheric or environmental agents cause a non-homogeneous distribution of the product or a disintegration of the monomolecular film with consequent incomplete coverage of the aqueous surface and incomplete control and mortality. of larvae and pupae of harmful insects.
In alternativa agli oli vegetali ? stato usato un MMF a base principalmente di un polimero siliconico, quale il polidimetilsilossano PDMS, un polimero inorganico-organico lineare avente una struttura ripetitiva [Me2SiO]n in combinazione con un surfattante e con un olio minerale o vegetale che permette al surfattante di mescolarsi con il PDMS. Bukhari T., Knols B. G. J. As an alternative to vegetable oils? A MMF mainly based on a silicone polymer was used, such as polydimethylsiloxane PDMS, a linear inorganic-organic polymer having a [Me2SiO]n repeating structure in combination with a surfactant and with a mineral or vegetable oil which allows the surfactant to mix with the PDMS. Bukhari T., Knols B.G.J.
2009 in Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 80: 758; Bukhari T. et al.2011 in PLoS One, 6: e21713; Mbare O. et al. 2014 in Parasites & Vectors, 7:438; EP2057242 descrivono formulazioni a base di PDMS, inizialmente sviluppate per prevenire l?evaporazione di acqua da grandi bacini idrici, e poi impiegate con successo per il controllo dei Culicidi. Le formulazioni descritte contengono necessariamente un olio minerale o vegetale, in quantitativi almeno del 5% e un surfattante, questi ultimi essendo componenti essenziali affinch? il MMF si formi in tempi rapidi e in maniera uniforme sulla superficie acquosa, laddove i polisilossani puri o in elevata concentrazione non hanno questa capacit?. ? fortemente avvertita l?esigenza di nuove formulazioni per il controllo fisico di questi insetti nocivi, che siano rispettose dell?ambiente e pertanto non impieghino oli minerali e/o vegetali. 2009 in Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 80: 758; Bukhari T. et al. 2011 in PLoS One, 6: e21713; Mbare O. et al. 2014 in Parasites & Vectors, 7:438; EP2057242 describe formulations based on PDMS, initially developed to prevent the evaporation of water from large water basins, and then successfully used for the control of Culicidae. The formulations described necessarily contain a mineral or vegetable oil, in quantities of at least 5%, and a surfactant, the latter being essential components for the the MMF is formed quickly and uniformly on the water surface, where pure or highly concentrated polysiloxanes do not have this capacity. ? The need for new formulations for the physical control of these harmful insects is strongly felt, which are environmentally friendly and therefore do not use mineral and/or vegetable oils.
Descrizione dell?invenzione Description of the invention
Forma oggetto della presente invenzione una formulazione per il controllo fisico dei Culicidi, che comprende: The object of the present invention is a formulation for the physical control of Culicides, which comprises:
- polidimetilsilossani lineari (PDMS) aventi una viscosit? cinematica compresa tra 50 e 1300 cSt, preferibilmente tra 250 e 1200 cSt, preferibilmente tra 300 e 500 cSt, in quantit? > 95% p/p, preferibilmente compresa tra 96 - 98,6% p/p; - linear polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) having a viscosity? kinematic between 50 and 1300 cSt, preferably between 250 and 1200 cSt, preferably between 300 and 500 cSt, in quantity? > 95% w/w, preferably between 96 - 98.6% w/w;
- surfattanti/umettanti selezionati nel gruppo che comprende Poliossietilene Sorbitan Trialcanoati quali a titolo di esempio Sorbilene TO (Sorbitan Trioleato Poliossietilene), dialchilcarbonati di alcoli a catena lunga idrocarburica, quali a titolo di esempio Tegosoft DEC (bis(2-etilesill) carbonato), eteri del polietilenglicole con alcoli a catena lunga idrocarburica, quali a titolo di esempio Brij 35 (polietilenglicole dodecil etere), in quantit? compresa tra 1,2 - 3,9% p/p; - surfactants/humectants selected from the group which includes Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Trialkanoates such as by way of example Sorbilene TO (Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Trioleate), dialkylcarbonates of long hydrocarbon chain alcohols, such as by way of example Tegosoft DEC (bis(2-ethylhexyl) carbonate), polyethylene glycol ethers with long-chain hydrocarbon alcohols, such as for example Brij 35 (polyethylene glycol dodecyl ether), in quantities between 1.2 - 3.9% w/w;
- opzionalmente, emulsione acquosa a base di PDMS, in quantit? non superiore allo 0,5% e preferibilmente non superiore allo 0,2%. - optionally, aqueous emulsion based on PDMS, in quantity? not higher than 0.5% and preferably not higher than 0.2%.
In una forma di realizzazione preferita, detta formulazione comprende almeno due surfattanti/umettanti. In a preferred embodiment, said formulation comprises at least two surfactants/humectants.
In una forma di realizzazione, detti almeno due surfattanti/umettanti sono Poliossietilene Sorbitan Trialcanoati e un dialchilcarbonato di alcoli a catena lunga idrocarburica, preferibilmente Sorbilene TO e Tegosoft DEC. In one embodiment, said at least two surfactants/humectants are Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Trialkanoates and a dialkylcarbonate of hydrocarbon long-chain alcohols, preferably Sorbilene TO and Tegosoft DEC.
In una forma preferita, detto PDMS ? Silicone 1000, oppure Silicone 350. In una forma di realizzazione, detta emulsione acquosa a base di PDMS ? presente in quantit? compresa tra 0,05 e 0,5%, preferibilmente tra 0,05 e 0,2% p/p, preferibilmente ? un?emulsione acquosa contenente 17% PDMS. Metodo di preparazione: In a preferred form, called PDMS ? Silicone 1000, or Silicone 350. In one embodiment, said PDMS-based aqueous emulsion? present in quantity? between 0.05 and 0.5%, preferably between 0.05 and 0.2% w/w, preferably ? an aqueous emulsion containing 17% PDMS. Method of preparation:
Al PDMS selezionato viene aggiunto sotto agitazione vigorosa almeno un surfattante/umettante tra quelli indicati. L?agitazione viene mantenuta per circa 1 h, portando all?ottenimento di una formulazione omogenea. At least one surfactant/humectant among those indicated is added to the selected PDMS under vigorous stirring. Stirring is maintained for about 1 hour, leading to the achievement of a homogeneous formulation.
Modalit? di impiego: mode of use:
Le formulazioni secondo la presente invenzione vengono applicate sulla superficie dell?acqua e si distribuiscono in maniera rapida e uniforme sulla stessa. In una forma di realizzazione, le formulazioni secondo la presente invenzione sono distribuite in un quantitativo compreso tra 0,4 g/m<2 >e 5 g /m<2>, preferibilmente tra 0,7 g/m<2 >e 2 g/m<2>. Vantaggiosamente, formulazioni secondo la presente invenzione mantengono la necessaria distribuzione uniforme anche in presenza di perturbazioni della superficie dell'acqua come fenomeni ventosi o leggere precipitazioni, riformando rapidamente il film monomolecolare dopo l?evento atmosferico. Vantaggiosamente, anche dopo lenta e pressoch? totale evaporazione dell?acqua, fenomeno che ad esempio si verifica in climi caldi e molto secchi, si osserva la riformazione del film monomolecolare dopo l?aggiunta di acqua, ad esempio dopo una pioggia. Formulazioni secondo la presente invenzione mostrano attivit? larvicida persistente. The formulations according to the present invention are applied on the surface of the water and are distributed in a rapid and uniform manner on the same. In one embodiment, the formulations according to the present invention are distributed in an amount between 0.4 g/m<2 > and 5 g/m<2>, preferably between 0.7 g/m<2 > and 2 g/m<2>. Advantageously, formulations according to the present invention maintain the necessary uniform distribution even in the presence of perturbations of the water surface such as windy phenomena or light precipitation, rapidly reforming the monomolecular film after the atmospheric event. Advantageously, even after slow and almost? total evaporation of water, a phenomenon which occurs for example in hot and very dry climates, the reformation of the monomolecular film is observed after the addition of water, for example after rain. Formulations according to the present invention show activity persistent larvicide.
Dette caratteristiche rendono formulazioni secondo la presente invenzione adatte all?uso in acque ferme e stagnanti, ad esempio formulazioni secondo la presente invenzione sono convenientemente aggiunte a raccolte d?acqua e/o depositi acquosi quali sottovasi, secchi, pneumatici abbandonati, grondaie, tombini, canali di scolo, serbatoi d'acqua, stagni, bacini idrici, fosse settiche, fognature, ecc., per una efficace lotta ai Culicidi senza alterare la vita di altre specie acquatiche non bersaglio. Said characteristics make formulations according to the present invention suitable for use in still and stagnant waters, for example formulations according to the present invention are conveniently added to water collections and/or aqueous deposits such as saucers, buckets, abandoned tyres, gutters, manholes, drains, water tanks, ponds, reservoirs, septic tanks, sewers, etc., for an effective fight against Culicidae without altering the life of other non-target aquatic species.
Vantaggi: Advantages:
Formulazioni secondo la presente invenzione sono ecocompatibili, laddove non contengono oli minerali e/o vegetali, considerati tra i maggiori responsabili della tossicit? ambientale dei prodotti oggi in uso per formare film su superficie acquose. I PDMS puri sono prodotti noti per avere un basso impatto ambientale (JACC 055 Linear Polydimethylsiloxanes CAS No. Formulations according to the present invention are environmentally friendly, where they do not contain mineral and/or vegetable oils, considered among the major causes of toxicity? environment of the products in use today to form films on aqueous surfaces. Pure PDMS are products known to have a low environmental impact (JACC 055 Linear Polydimethylsiloxanes CAS No.
63148-62-9 Second Edition, December 2011) e i surfattanti sono stati selezionati per la loro ecocompatibilit?. 63148-62-9 Second Edition, December 2011) and the surfactants have been selected for their environmental friendliness.
Gli esempi che seguono hanno lo scopo di rendere pi? chiara l?invenzione, non sono da intendersi in alcun modo limitativi della stessa, la cui portata ? definita dalle rivendicazioni. The following examples are intended to make it more the invention is clear, are not to be understood in any way as limiting the same, the scope of which is? defined by the claims.
Le metodiche di misura utilizzate sono in accordo con l?arte nota e riassunte qui di seguito: The measurement methods used are in accordance with the known art and summarized below:
- Densit?: le misure di densit? sono state effettuate a temperatura ambiente (circa 23?C), utilizzando il metodo gravimetrico. Il valore viene espresso in Kg/L. Volumi noti dei campioni sono stati pesati utilizzando una bilancia analitica Mettler-Toledo AX504. La dosatura ? stata effettuata tramite micropipetta. - Densit?: the measures of density? were carried out at room temperature (about 23°C), using the gravimetric method. The value is expressed in Kg/L. Known volumes of the samples were weighed using a Mettler-Toledo AX504 analytical balance. The dosage? was performed with a micropipette.
- Viscosit? dinamica: le misure di viscosit? sono state condotte a 25?C utilizzando un reometro rotazionale a sforzo di taglio controllato (Bohlin, C-VOR 120, Malvern Instruments) applicando una variazione di sforzo di taglio da 10<-3 >Pa a 10 Pa. Nelle condizioni in cui si ? operato i campioni mostrano un comportamento di tipo newtoniano. La viscosit? dinamica, espressa in Pa*s, viene rapportata alla densit? ottenendo la viscosit? cinematica, espressa in cSt. - Viscosity? dynamics: the measures of viscosity? were carried out at 25°C using a controlled shear rotational rheometer (Bohlin, C-VOR 120, Malvern Instruments) applying a shear stress variation from 10<-3 >Pa to 10 Pa. Under the conditions in which ? operated the samples show a behavior of Newtonian type. The viscosity? dynamic, expressed in Pa*s, is related to the density? getting the viscosity? kinematics, expressed in cSt.
- Tensione superficiale: le misure sono effettuate utilizzando un tensiometro statico Kruss K10ST non termostatato con il Metodo della lamina di Wilhelmy. Questo metodo utilizza come dispositivo una lamina che viene agganciata ad un dinamometro presente nello strumento di misura. Il liquido di cui si vuole misurare la tensione superficiale, contenuto in una vaschetta, viene portato a contatto con la lamina. Al contatto con il liquido, la lamina viene bagnata da esso e attirata al suo interno dalle forze dovute alla tensione superficiale e agenti lungo la lunghezza di bagnabilit?, Lb, della lamina. A questo punto lo strumento misura la forza F che deve essere esercitata sulla lamina per riportarla nella posizione originaria. In queste condizioni la forza F equilibra esattamente la risultante delle forze dovute alla tensione superficiale e si pu? quindi calcolare la tensione superficiale del liquido dalla relazione: - Surface tension: the measurements are carried out using a non-thermostatted Kruss K10ST static tensiometer with the Wilhelmy plate method. This method uses a plate as a device which is hooked to a dynamometer present in the measuring instrument. The liquid whose surface tension is to be measured, contained in a tray, is brought into contact with the foil. Upon contact with the liquid, the foil is wetted by it and drawn into it by the forces due to surface tension and acting along the wettability length, Lb, of the foil. At this point the instrument measures the force F which must be exerted on the plate to bring it back to its original position. Under these conditions, the force F exactly balances the resultant of the forces due to the surface tension and you can? then calculate the surface tension of the liquid from the relation:
? = F/Lb ? = F/lb
cio? come rapporto tra la forza F, misurata, e la lunghezza di bagnabilit? Lb della lamina, parametro noto. La tensione superficiale viene di seguito indicata con? ed espressa in mN/m (milliNewton/metro). that is? as the relationship between the force F, measured, and the length of wettability? Lb of lamina, known parameter. In the following, the surface tension is denoted by? and expressed in mN/m (milliNewton/metre).
Gli esempi che seguono descrivono alcune formulazioni secondo la presente invenzione. La tabella 1 che segue ? una tabella riassuntiva delle caratteristiche delle formulazioni esemplificate. The following examples describe some formulations according to the present invention. Table 1 below ? a summary table of the characteristics of the exemplified formulations.
Esempio 1 Example 1
In un reattore da 500 ml dotato di un agitatore a pala sono stati aggiunti 98,52 g di PDMS, Silicone 1000 (Siliconi Commerciale, IT). Sotto agitazione vigorosa sono stati aggiunti 1,48 g di Sorbitan Trioleato Poliossietilene (Lamberti, IT) e la miscela ? stata mantenuta per 1 h a temperatura ambiente osservando omogeneit?. Sono state quindi misurate la densit?, la viscosit? cinematica e la tensione superficiale della formulazione. I risultati sono riportati nella tabella 1. La formulazione cos? ottenuta, quando versata su una superficie acquosa, ? in grado di disperdersi formando uno strato monomolecolare, sensibile tuttavia ad alcune sollecitazioni climaticoambientali, con particolare riferimento alla difficolt? a riformarsi in seguito all?evaporazione dell?acqua. 98.52 g of PDMS, Silicone 1000 (Siliconi Commerciale, IT) were added to a 500 ml reactor equipped with a paddle stirrer. Under vigorous stirring, 1.48 g of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Trioleate (Lamberti, IT) were added and the mixture ? was maintained for 1 h at room temperature observing homogeneity. Were then measured the density?, the viscosity? kinematics and the surface tension of the formulation. The results are shown in table 1. The formulation so? obtained, when poured on an aqueous surface, ? able to disperse forming a monomolecular layer, however sensitive to some climatic-environmental stresses, with particular reference to the difficulty? to reform following the evaporation of the water.
Esempio 2 Example 2
Si opera come nell?esempio 1 ma usando pari quantit? di PDMS Silicone 350 (Siliconi Commerciale, IT) invece di PDMS Silicone 1000. La formulazione si disperde in acqua formando uno strato monomolecolare, sensibile tuttavia ad alcune sollecitazioni climatico-ambientali. It works as in example 1 but using the same quantity? of PDMS Silicone 350 (Siliconi Commerciale, IT) instead of PDMS Silicone 1000. The formulation is dispersed in water forming a monomolecular layer, however sensitive to some climatic-environmental stresses.
Esempio 3 Example 3
In un reattore da 500 ml dotato di un agitatore a pala sono stati aggiunti 97,04 g di PDMS, Silicone 350 (Siliconi Commerciale, IT). Sotto agitazione vigorosa sono stati aggiunti 2.96 g di bis(2-etilesil) carbonato (ACEF, IT) e la miscela ? stata mantenuta per 1 h a temperatura ambiente osservando omogeneit?. La formulazione quando versata su una superficie acquosa, mostra difficolt? a formare uno strato monomolecolare 97.04 g of PDMS, Silicone 350 (Siliconi Commerciale, IT) were added to a 500 ml reactor equipped with a paddle stirrer. Under vigorous stirring, 2.96 g of bis(2-ethylhexyl) carbonate (ACEF, IT) were added and the mixture ? was maintained for 1 h at room temperature observing homogeneity. The formulation when poured on an aqueous surface, shows difficulty? to form a monolayer
Esempio 4 Example 4
In un reattore da 500 ml dotato di un agitatore a pala sono stati aggiunti 96,96 g di PDMS, Silicone 350. Sotto agitazione vigorosa sono stati quindi addizionati 1,46 g di Sorbitan Trioleato Poliossietilene, 1,46 g di bis(2-etilesil) carbonato e 0,12 g di una emulsione acquosa contenente 17% di PDMS (Amersil B20, Ametech, IT) e la miscela ? stata tenuta per 1 h a temperatura ambiente osservando omogeneit?. Sono state misurate la densit?, la viscosit? cinematica e la tensione superficiale di questa formulazione, i risultati sono riportati nella tabella 1. La formulazione si disperde in acqua formando uno strato monomolecolare stabile anche in presenza di sollecitazioni climatico-ambientali. 96.96 g of PDMS, Silicone 350 were added to a 500 mL reactor equipped with a paddle stirrer. Under vigorous stirring, 1.46 g of Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Trioleate, 1.46 g of bis(2- ethylhexyl) carbonate and 0.12 g of an aqueous emulsion containing 17% of PDMS (Amersil B20, Ametech, IT) and the mixture ? was kept for 1 h at room temperature observing homogeneity. Were measured the density?, the viscosity? kinematics and surface tension of this formulation, the results are shown in table 1. The formulation is dispersed in water forming a monomolecular layer which is stable even in the presence of climatic-environmental stresses.
Esempio 5 Example 5
In un reattore da 500 ml dotato di un agitatore a pala sono stati aggiunti 98 g di PDMS, Silicone 350. Sotto agitazione vigorosa sono stati quindi addizionati 2 g di polietilenglicole dodecil etere (Brij 35) (Sigma Aldrich) polverizzato e la miscela ? stata tenuta per 1 h a temperatura ambiente osservando omogeneit?. La formulazione si disperde in acqua formando uno strato monomolecolare, sensibile tuttavia ad alcune sollecitazioni climaticoambientali. 98 g of PDMS, Silicone 350 were added to a 500 ml reactor equipped with a paddle stirrer. Under vigorous stirring, 2 g of pulverized polyethylene glycol dodecyl ether (Brij 35) (Sigma Aldrich) were then added and the mixture ? was kept for 1 h at room temperature observing homogeneity. The formulation is dispersed in water forming a monomolecular layer, however sensitive to some climatic-environmental stresses.
Esempio 6 Example 6
In un reattore da 500 ml dotato di un agitatore a pala sono stati aggiunti 98,52 g di PDMS, Silicone 350 (Siliconi Commerciale, IT). Sotto agitazione vigorosa sono stati aggiunti 1,48 g di bis(2-etilesil) carbonato e la miscela ? stata mantenuta per 1 h a temperatura ambiente osservando omogeneit?. La formulazione mostra difficolt? a formare uno strato monomolecolare Esempio 7 98.52 g of PDMS, Silicone 350 (Siliconi Commerciale, IT) were added to a 500 ml reactor equipped with a paddle stirrer. Under vigorous stirring, 1.48 g of bis(2-ethylhexyl) carbonate were added and the mixture ? was maintained for 1 h at room temperature observing homogeneity. Does the formulation show difficulties? to form a monolayer Example 7
In un reattore da 500 ml dotato di un agitatore a pala sono stati aggiunti 98,40 g di PDMS, Silicone 350. Sotto agitazione vigorosa sono stati quindi addizionati 1,48 g di di Sorbitan Trioleato Poliossietilene e 0,12 g di Amersil B20 e la miscela ? stata tenuta per 1 h a temperatura ambiente osservando omogeneit?. La formulazione si disperde in acqua formando uno strato monomolecolare, tuttavia sensibile a sollecitazioni climatico-ambientali. 98.40 g of PDMS, Silicone 350 were added to a 500 ml reactor equipped with a paddle stirrer. Under vigorous stirring, 1.48 g of Sorbitan Trioleate Polyoxyethylene and 0.12 g of Amersil B20 were then added and the mixture ? was kept for 1 h at room temperature observing homogeneity. The formulation is dispersed in water forming a monomolecular layer, however sensitive to climatic-environmental stresses.
Tabella 1 Table 1
Legenda dispersibilit?: Dispersibility legend:
1 = forma con difficolt? strato monomolecolare 1 = form with difficulty? monolayer
2 = forma strato monomolecolare, sensibile a sollecitazioni climatico-ambientali 3 = forma strato monomolecolare, resistente a sollecitazioni climatico-ambientali ND = Non Determinata 2 = monomolecular layer shape, sensitive to climatic-environmental stresses 3 = monomolecular layer shape, resistant to climatic-environmental stresses ND = Not Determined
Esempio 8 Test di efficacia Example 8 Efficacy test
In vasetti cilindrici di polietilene, aventi diametro di 10 cm ed altezza di 10 cm, sono stati aggiunti 350 ml di acqua di pozzo e fissato un tubicino in polietilene in posizione ortogonale alla superficie dell?acqua parzialmente immerso ad altezza di 1 cm dal fondo. Successivamente, con una pipetta Pasteur in vetro sono stati applicati 10 ?l della formulazione secondo l?esempio 1 o secondo l?esempio 4. In 2 vasetti non ? stata aggiunta alcuna formulazione per avere un bianco di confronto. In ciascun vasetto, sono state inserite tramite il tubicino di polietilene 10 larve di Culicidi (specie Aedes albopictus, stadi larvali L3, L4) ed ? stata effettuata la conta delle larve morte dopo 24h, 48h e 72h. Al fine di valutare l?effetto di alcune variabili ambientali sul film monomolecolare costruitosi sono state appositamente create delle perturbazioni mediante un ventilatore a simulare il vento (sigla V), spruzzando acqua mediante un trigger spray a simulare una debole pioggia (sigla P), e ponendo il campione in stufa termostatata a 40?C fino alla completa evaporazione dell?acqua a simulare una elevata temperatura climatica (sigla D). Dopo queste simulazioni, all?interno di ogni vasetto sottoposto ad evaporazione sono stati nuovamente aggiunti 350 ml di acqua ed ulteriori 10 larve di Culicidi. I risultati ottenuti sono riportati in tabella 2. Ogni campione ? stato testato in duplicato. In tabella sono mostrate le misure effettuate sul singolo campione e la media delle due misurazioni effettuate. I dati mostrano come la formulazione dell?esempio 4 si ? rivelata particolarmente vantaggiosa, essendo resistente a qualsiasi degli stimoli climatico-ambientali alla quale ? stata esposta. La formulazione secondo l?esempio 1 ? altrettanto efficace, salvo l?osservata difficolt? nella riformazione del film dopo essiccamento. In cylindrical polyethylene jars, with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 10 cm, 350 ml of well water were added and a small polyethylene tube was fixed in a position orthogonal to the surface of the partially immersed water at a height of 1 cm from the bottom. Subsequently, 10 ?l of the formulation according to example 1 or according to example 4 were applied with a glass Pasteur pipette. no formulation has been added to have a comparison blank. In each jar, 10 Culicidae larvae (species Aedes albopictus, larval stages L3, L4) were inserted through the polyethylene tube and ? the dead larvae were counted after 24h, 48h and 72h. In order to evaluate the effect of some environmental variables on the built monomolecular film, perturbations were specially created by means of a fan to simulate the wind (code V), by spraying water using a trigger spray to simulate a light rain (code P), and placing the sample in a thermostated stove at 40?C until the complete evaporation of the water to simulate a high climatic temperature (code D). After these simulations, 350 ml of water and a further 10 Culicidae larvae were added again to each jar subjected to evaporation. The results obtained are shown in table 2. Each sample ? been tested in duplicate. The table shows the measurements made on the single sample and the average of the two measurements made. The data show how the formulation of example 4 is ? proved to be particularly advantageous, being resistant to any of the climatic-environmental stimuli to which it? been exposed. The formulation according to example 1 ? equally effective, except for the observed difficulty? in the reformation of the film after drying.
Tabella 2 Table 2
Claims (11)
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| WO2008014566A1 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-02-07 | Ultimate Nominees Pty Ltd | Protective surface film for a liquid |
| EP2057242A1 (en) | 2006-08-04 | 2009-05-13 | Ultimate Nominees Pty Ltd | Protective surface film for a liquid |
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