IT201600083287A1 - ELEMENT OF FEELING FOR BUILDING. - Google Patents

Description

TITLE: LIGHTENING ELEMENT FOR BUILDING

DESCRIPTION

The present application relates to a lightening element for building such as a disposable formwork, made of plastic material, possibly recycled, particularly usable for the creation of lightened plate floors or lightened foundation slabs.

Nowadays it is known the use of disposable formworks in plastic material to create lightened reinforced concrete slabs and slabs whose purpose is to create a lightened slab or foundation slabs of high thickness with considerable savings in concrete or to create slabs of large light and / or large range.

For example, the product marketed with the U-BOOT trademark is known, which appears to have been the subject of the filing of the Italian patent No.

1329446 filed on 05.12.2001 with application PN2001A000085 and granted on 28.10.2005 and entitled "retractable formwork for the construction of slabs to be used in construction".

This prior art relates to a disposable formwork, preferably made of recycled plastic material, for the manufacture on site of slabs to be used in building constructions which consist of reinforced concrete plates, simple or with ribs, and constitute the load-bearing structure of various elements constructive such as floors, bridges, foundations and the like.

In this known technique, a disposable plastic formwork is claimed for the manufacture on site of slabs to be used in building constructions, consisting of a single hollow body whose cavity is open downwards and equipped with feet on its lower edge, the hollow body being of a truncated pyramid shape with the vertex upwards, the lateral surfaces of which have hollow pilasters and the upper surface of which is divided into shaped sectors with a plurality of reliefs.

This solution has fixed feet of predetermined height.

The product marketed by Ferracin Srl with the "GIU'lì" or "TOTI" brand is also known, which consists of a disposable formwork, open at the bottom, made of polypropylene and used as a modular element for the construction of foundation slabs. and mono or bi-directional reinforced concrete floors.

In this product it is had that, in correspondence of the angles adjacent to the lower opening and positioned externally to the inclined side walls of the same, mere pass-through holes are made into which the hollow feet, of a conical shape with a circular base, are inserted by force. they have, at the circular end, deformable longitudinal seats for the forced coupling of the foot in correspondence with the holes.

Also in this case the feet have a predetermined height, and the formworks are shipped with the feet set up in the factory and assume a single fixed position in place.

In both known solutions indicated there is a problem in achieving the desired lightening: in fact the height of the lightening and the height of the foot determine a combination of two variables which in the production phase determine a high amount of production hours, increasing the overall cost of the invention. .

Another drawback consists in the fact that in the construction of a floor there is the possibility that unexpected events occur on the construction site that involve the request to replace the formworks requiring the use of higher or lower feet, with consequent need to eliminate the formworks already produced and their replacement quickly, aggravated facts if the work is located abroad, with possible and costly downtime on the construction site.

Another drawback, and certainly the most serious of all, consists in the fact that there is the possibility that there are, in the realization of the works described above, possible points of interference between the feet and the reinforcements arranged below the lightening, i.e. arranged on the deck. provisional consisting of wooden boards or metal panels even if slightly spaced from it by interposition of spacers.

It should be noted that the concrete must completely envelop / drown / cover the reinforcing rods for structural reasons, conservation (the exposed iron - or slightly covered - would rust, there would be swelling with detachment of portions of agglomerate) and fire resistance.

The "minimum coverage" is an omnipresent aspect, rigorously provided for by all technical building regulations.

Reinforcing bars "exposed" (ie in sight) or which are not sufficiently "drowned" and therefore protected by the concrete compromise the performance of the structure.

The same applicant filed the Italian application TV2012A0000095 in which a lightening element for construction was claimed which consists of a first disposable formwork, substantially truncated pyramidal in shape, presenting, in a recessed area with respect to the corners of the smaller surface , of the feet, fixed and protruding, provided with one or more first holes or openings and / or, in correspondence with said minor surface, with one or more second holes or openings and / or, in correspondence with at least one of the lateral surfaces adjacent to said minor surface, of one or more third holes, said feet of said first disposable formwork and said minor surface being totally or partially embedded in the step of obtaining a prefabricated slab for floors.

This solution is mainly used in the construction, on site, of lightened bidirectional slabs (also called slabs with hollow bodies or hollow cells or other definitions) or of lightened foundation slabs.

Also in this solution there are the drawbacks described above: the height of the lightening and the height of the foot determine a combination of two variables which in the production phase determine a high amount of production hours, increasing the overall cost of the invention.

There is still the inconvenience due to possible unforeseen circumstances on site that involve the request to replace the formworks requiring the use of higher or lower feet, with the consequent need to eliminate the formworks already produced and replace them quickly, aggravated facts if the work is located abroad, with possible and costly construction stops.

It has also been found that there are possible interference points between the free ends of the feet or the lower portion of the same and the reinforcements arranged below the lightening, that is, arranged on the provisional deck consisting of wooden boards or metal panels.

Often the need to use different feet arises from the difficult, or incorrect, evaluation of the dimensions (or thicknesses) created by the overlapping of the "reinforcement mesh".

Also because often the executing company makes changes, replacements, in the types of bars envisaged in the design phase, generating possible problems in compliance with the thickness of the "minimum concrete cover".

In fact, the lower reinforcements, present in a massive manner, are normally made up of electro-welded meshes with square meshes (or more rarely by loose bars or even by a combination of meshes and loose bars); the presence of such electrowelded mesh often involves an "interference" between the feet of the lightening and the iron rods of the reinforcement mesh.

It should be noted that the lightening must maintain a predetermined position according to the design indications as well as the presence of the reinforcement.

As a consequence of this, either the formwork ends up resting in a disjointed way (it rises above the planned support surface) or it is moved laterally thus losing the correct "design" position and thus altering (increasing or decreasing) the thickness of the creation. beam (rib) between one lightening and the next.

In other cases the foot could crush the mesh downwards with the risk of violating the minimum requirements for concrete cover or even creating contact with the reinforcement preventing its total and correct "drowning" in the concrete.

The main task of the subject matter of the present invention is therefore to solve the technical problems highlighted, eliminating the drawbacks of the cited known art and therefore devising an invention which allows to obtain, by using disposable formworks made of plastic material, a lightened floor. o foundation slabs of high thickness and lightened with considerable savings in concrete, these formworks being at the same time usable in a short time and at low costs according to a desired and contingent height of the pawns, even if different from the design one.

Within the scope of the above aim, another important object of the invention is to provide an invention which allows it to be used avoiding points of interference between the free ends of the feet or parts of the feet and the armatures arranged below the lightening.

Another object is to obtain a formwork which always rests optimally with respect to the envisaged support surface and respecting its exact design location.

Not least object is to obtain an invention which is structurally simple and convenient to use and which can be produced with the usual known systems.

The aforementioned task and purposes, as well as others that will appear more clearly later, are achieved by a lightening element (1) for construction, consisting of at least one disposable formwork (2), substantially truncated pyramidal, hollow and having a closed upper surface (4) and a lower opening (6a), which is characterized in that it presents, at least near the corners (7) adjacent to said lower opening (6a) or near the corners (107) of said upper surface (4), of the coupling means (10, 110) for the temporarily stable interconnection with gripping means (11) associated with the free upper end (12) of a foot (8), of desired height, said foot (8) having a lower end (23) offset with respect to said gripping means (11) and said temporary hooking means (10,110).

Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will become clearer from the detailed description of a particular, but not exclusive, embodiment, illustrated by way of non-limiting example in the attached drawings, in which:

fig. 1 illustrates, in a three-quarter view from above, the lightening element placed above a lightening armature;

fig. 2 shows, in a three-quarter view from below, the lightening element;

fig. 3 is a three-quarter bottom side view of the lightening element;

fig. 4 shows, in a detail, a corner of the lightening element and a foot;

Figure 5 is a side view of the lightening element in the foot area;

fig. 6 is a view taken according to the plane VI-VI of figure 5;

Figures 7 and 8 illustrate a single foot in two three-quarter side views;

Figure 9 illustrates, in a top view, a foot;

Figures 10 and 11 illustrate a single foot in two side views;

fig. 12 shows, in a top view, a foot coupled to a corner of the lightening element;

fig. 13 shows Fig. 1 in a three-quarter view from below.

In the following embodiments, single characteristics, reported in relation to specific examples, can actually be interchanged with other different characteristics, existing in other embodiments.

Furthermore, it should be noted that everything that in the course of the procedure for obtaining the patent turns out to be already known, is intended not to be claimed and the subject of an excerpt (disclaimer) from the claims.

With reference to the aforementioned figures, the number (1) indicates a lightening element for construction, consisting of a disposable formwork (2), substantially truncated pyramidal in shape, made of plastic material particularly usable for obtaining lightened bidirectional slabs (also called slabs with hollow bodies or hollow cells or other definitions) or lightened foundation slabs by adding reinforcements (3).

The disposable formwork (2) is internally hollow and has an upper surface (4), substantially flat, from which variously shaped lateral surfaces (5) branch off, which at the terminal end are connected by a first perimeter curb (6) defining a lower opening (6a).

It should be noted that the lightening element can also be composed of a "closed shell" that is formed by two half-shells (also of different heights), as reported for example in the patent 1412724 filed in the name of the same applicant.

The perimeter curb (6) is such as to allow the coupling of the two half-shells, previously indicated, in order to obtain a lightening, hollow internally but with a "closed shell".

In this case, the feet would no longer develop into position starting along the perimeter curb (6) but would be associated near the corners (107) of the upper surface (4) [for example of the lower half-shell constituting the formwork (1) ].

These lateral surfaces (5) have a desired conformation and are commonly shown to have a desired inclination, all to allow to achieve stackability with other similar formworks.

The disposable formwork (2) is internally hollow and open at the bottom because it lacks a surface that connects the perimeter curb (6).

The disposable formwork (2) can be removably associated, at the corners (7) and internally with respect to the first perimeter curb (6), of the feet (8), of desired height, which, once associated with the disposable formwork (2 ), protrude on the opposite side to the upper surface (4).

The feet (8) determine the formation, according to a certain thickness, of the lower slab (intrados slab) due to the flow of the concrete under the lightening.

The feet have a parallelepiped shape, preferably conical with a circular base and are preferably hollow internally.

At the corners (7) of the disposable formwork (2) there are therefore obtained first holes (9), preferably circular, in proximity to which there are hooking means (10) for temporarily stable interconnection with gripping means ( 11) associated with the free upper end (12) of each foot (8).

If a "closed shell" formwork is used in proximity to said corners (107) of said upper surface (4), coupling means (110) (stylized in Figure 1) will be associated, similar in shape and function to said coupling means (10).

The hooking means (10) allow a connection which is stable with the disposable formwork (2) and at the same time removable for a possible stable repositioning of the foot (8) in another angular position.

At the free upper end (12) there is a flat disk (13), with a circular plan, which abuts, once said foot (8) has been coupled to said disposable formwork (2), with a circumscribing counter-shaped bottom (14) each first hole (9).

The temporary coupling means (10) consist of a second annular bead (15), circumscribing and protruding upwards with respect to the hole (9), of desired height and placed concentrically and internally to an appendix (16), of the shape cylindrical, obtained on each corner (7) near the first perimeter curb (6).

The gripping means (11) are associated with a third annular bead (17) projecting axially both to the first hole (9) and to the flat disc (13); said third annular curb (17) has an external diameter smaller than the internal guelph of said second annular curb (15) and a height slightly higher than the last one so that the terminal end (18) of said third annular curb (17) protrudes beyond the corresponding one of said second annular bead (15).

The third annular bead (17) advantageously has an angular extension of about 270 °.

The gripping means (11) are associated with said terminal end (18) and consist of one or more teeth (19) projecting radially and externally to said third annular bead (17) and interacting in abutment with said, underlying, second bead ring finger (15).

Advantageously, said teeth are three in number and are angularly spaced from each other by about 120 °.

Alternatively, it is possible to make a single tooth that runs along all 270 ° of said third annular bead (17).

Each foot (8) has a conical-shaped body (20) projecting below said flat disk (13) eccentrically with respect to said flat disk (13).

The central axis (21) of said flat disk (13), which coincides with that of said first hole (9), is therefore distinct from the central axis (22) of said body (20); it follows that the lower end (23) of said body (20) is offset with respect to said gripping means (10).

The body (20) can have the desired conformation; for example, it may be composed of two or more elements with two or more distinct lower ends (23), for example to define a spider-legged conformation.

This means that, once the third annular bead (17) of each foot (8) has been inserted into the first hole (9), the foot (8) itself can be rotated until the lower end (22) of said body is positioned ( 20) in the desired point so as not to interfere with the reinforcements arranged below the lightening.

The connection between each pin (8) and the disposable formwork (2) is achieved by making one or more of the teeth (19) interact with the second annular bead (15).

Advantageously, on the flat disk (13) there are discharges (24) of material in correspondence with each, above, tooth (19) to facilitate the connection between the components.

Advantageously, the third annular curb (17) has a partial cover (25) in correspondence with which predisposed pass-through seats (26) obtained in correspondence of said teeth (19) are formed on the perimeter.

It should also be noted the possible use of a single foot (8) placed in correspondence with the upper surface (4), preferably in a central area of the same; also in this case a pre-arranged first circular hole (9) will be obtained in proximity to which there will be temporary hooking means (10) for the rotatable interconnection with gripping means (11) associated with the free upper end (12) of the foot ( 8), which will have a desired height and can be suitably offset at the lower end (23).

In practice it has been found that the invention has achieved the above mentioned aim and objects, having obtained an invention which makes it possible to obtain, by using disposable formworks made of plastic material, a lightened floor or lightened foundation slabs of high thickness with considerable savings in concrete. according to a desired and contingent height of the pieces, even if different from the design one.

The quick and easy replacement of the feet (8) makes it possible to limit the number of versions to be made and to contain the costs of construction and management of the formworks, being able to create a formwork of desired height and feet of different heights to be coupled to the formwork according to the desired thickness of the soffit slab.

It is also possible to remedy possible and frequent unforeseen site events or last-minute design errors by simply replacing the feet, of desired height, without necessarily having to replace all the lightening.

The invention also allows it to be used avoiding interference points between the lower free ends of the feet or the surfaces (20) of the feet and the reinforcements arranged below the lightening while always resting the formwork in an optimal manner with respect to the support surface provided on the deck. and exactly in the location foreseen by the project.

The materials used, as well as the dimensions that constitute the individual components of the invention, may of course be more pertinent according to specific requirements.

The different means for carrying out certain different functions will certainly not have to coexist only in the illustrated embodiment, but may be present per se in many embodiments, even those not illustrated.

Thus, for example, the stable repositioning of the foot (8) in another, and different from an initial, angular position with respect to the disposable formwork (2) can be obtained by presenting either the hooking means (10) or the foot (8 ) itself, of the removable diaphragms which can be associated, respectively, to the gripping means (11) or to the hooking means (10).

This could allow for at least a single repositioning of the presser foot.

The characteristics indicated as advantageous, convenient or the like may also be missing or be replaced by equivalents.

Claims (11)

CLAIMS 1. Lightening element (1) for building, consisting of at least one disposable formwork (2), of substantially truncated pyramidal shape, hollow and having a closed upper surface (4) and a lower opening (6a), which is characterized in that it has, at least near the corners (7) adjacent to said lower opening (6a) or near the corners (107) of said upper surface (4), hooking means (10,110) for the temporary interconnection stable with gripping means (11) associated with the free upper end (12) of a foot (8), of desired height, said foot (8) having a lower end (23) offset from said gripping means (11) and a said temporary coupling means (10,110). 2. Element as in claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that, in proximity of said corners (107) of said upper surface (4), hooking means (110) can be removably associated with said disposable formwork (2) for temporarily stable interconnection with gripping means (11) associated with the free upper end (12) of a foot (8) of desired height, said foot (8) having a lower end (23) offset from said gripping means (11) and to said temporary coupling means (110). 3. Element as in claim 1, comprising a disposable formwork (2) internally hollow and having an upper surface (4), substantially flat, from which side surfaces (5) branch off, variously shaped, which are connected at the terminal end by a first perimeter curb (6) defining a lower opening (6a), which is characterized by the fact that said disposable formwork (2) can be removably associated, at the corners (7) and internally with respect to said first perimeter curb (6), of the feet (8), of desired height, which, once associated with said disposable formwork (2), protrude on the opposite side to said upper surface (4), 4. Element as per claims 1, 2 or 3 which is characterized by the fact that in correspondence with said corners (7,107) first holes (9) are obtained, with a polygonal, regular or irregular or circular plan, in proximity to which are present said hooking means (10, 110), substantially of the temporary type, for interconnection, substantially rotatable, with said gripping means (11) associated with the free upper end (12) of each of said pins (8), in correspondence with said free upper end (12) being present a flat disk (13), with a circular plan, which abuts, once said foot (8) is coupled to said disposable formwork (2), with a counter-shaped bottom (14) circumscribing each of said first holes (9). 5. Element as per claims 1 and 4 which is characterized by the fact that said coupling means (10,110) consist of a second annular bead (15), circumscribing and protruding upwards with respect to said hole (9), of desired height and placed concentrically and internally to an appendix (16), of cylindrical shape, obtained on each of said corners (7,107) in proximity of said first perimeter curb (6). 6. Element as per claims 1 and 5 which is characterized by the fact that said gripping means (11) are associated with a third annular bead (17) projecting axially both to said first hole (9) and to said flat disk (13 ), said third annular bead (17) having an external diameter smaller than the internal one of said second annular bead (15) and a height slightly higher than the latter so that the terminal end (18) of said third annular bead (17) it protrudes beyond the corresponding one of said second annular bead (15). 7. Element as per claims 1 and 6 which is characterized by the fact that said gripping means (11) are associated with said terminal end (18) and consist of one or more teeth (19) projecting radially and externally to said third annular curb (17) and interacting in abutment with said, underlying, second annular curb (15). 8. Element according to claims 1 and 7 that each of said feet (8) has a body (20) having a substantially conical shape and protruding below said flat disk (13) eccentrically with respect to said flat disk (13), the central axis (21) of said flat disk (13), which coincides with that of said first hole (9), being distinct from the central axis (22) of said body (20) so that said lower end (23) of said body (20) is offset with respect to said gripping means (11) and to said hooking means (10,110). 9. Element as in claims 1 and 8 which is characterized in that once said third annular bead (17) of each of said feet (8) has been inserted into said first hole (9), said foot (8) is imprinted a rotation until said lower end (22) of said body (20) is positioned in the desired point so as not to interfere with the reinforcements arranged below the lightening. 10. Element according to one or more of the preceding claims which is characterized by the fact that on said flat disk (13) material discharges (24) are obtained in correspondence with each of said, above, teeth (19), said third annular curb (17) having an angular extension of about 270 ° and said teeth being three in number and angularly spaced apart substantially by 120 °. 11. Element according to one or more of the preceding claims which is characterized in that it comprises a single foot (8) positioned in correspondence with and protruding below the central area of said upper surface (4), said foot (8) having a length such as to come to rest or in proximity to the deck.