IN2014DN02040A - - Google Patents

Download PDF

Info

Publication number
IN2014DN02040A
IN2014DN02040A IN2040DEN2014A IN2014DN02040A IN 2014DN02040 A IN2014DN02040 A IN 2014DN02040A IN 2040DEN2014 A IN2040DEN2014 A IN 2040DEN2014A IN 2014DN02040 A IN2014DN02040 A IN 2014DN02040A
Authority
IN
India
Application number
Inventor
Seong Woo Lee
Original Assignee
Seong Woo Lee
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from KR1020110131797A external-priority patent/KR101206135B1/en
Priority claimed from KR1020120081560A external-priority patent/KR101281937B1/en
Application filed by Seong Woo Lee filed Critical Seong Woo Lee
Publication of IN2014DN02040A publication Critical patent/IN2014DN02040A/en

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/062Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/10Submerged units incorporating electric generators or motors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F03B13/264Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the horizontal flow of water resulting from tide movement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/02Other machines or engines using hydrostatic thrust
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/062Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction
    • F03B17/065Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction the flow engaging parts having a cyclic movement relative to the rotor during its rotation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06Rotors
    • F03D3/062Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/066Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
    • F03D3/067Cyclic movements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2210/00Working fluid
    • F05B2210/18Air and water being simultaneously used as working fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/90Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/917Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure attached to cables
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/90Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/90Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • F05B2240/931Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface which is a vehicle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/90Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • F05B2240/932Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface which is a catamaran-like structure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/90Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/95Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/90Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/97Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a submerged structure
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20Hydro energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727Offshore wind turbines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728Onshore wind turbines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/50Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system
    • Y02T70/5218Less carbon-intensive fuels, e.g. natural gas, biofuels
    • Y02T70/5236Renewable or hybrid-electric solutions

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Oceanography (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
IN2040DEN2014 2011-08-31 2014-03-19 IN2014DN02040A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR20110087718 2011-08-31
KR1020110131797A KR101206135B1 (en) 2011-08-31 2011-12-09 Generating sets composed of buoyant structures
KR1020120081560A KR101281937B1 (en) 2011-08-31 2012-07-26 Blade part having web-type structure and generating sets and propelling apparatuses for ships having the same
KR1020120088822A KR101334197B1 (en) 2011-08-31 2012-08-14 Vertical propelling apparatuses for ships
KR1020120089218A KR20130025327A (en) 2011-08-31 2012-08-16 Generating sets and propelling apparatuses for ships composed of buoyant structures and foldable and rollable blades used for the same
PCT/KR2012/006623 WO2013032161A2 (en) 2011-08-31 2012-08-21 Power generation apparatus including a floating body, ship propelling apparatus, and foldable and windable wing included in the power generation apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
IN2014DN02040A true IN2014DN02040A (en) 2015-05-15

Family

ID=50237937

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IN2040DEN2014 IN2014DN02040A (en) 2011-08-31 2014-03-19

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20140219800A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2759696A4 (en)
JP (1) JP2014525368A (en)
CN (1) CN103827477A (en)
AU (1) AU2012302465A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2847353A1 (en)
IN (1) IN2014DN02040A (en)
WO (1) WO2013032161A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140145444A1 (en) * 2012-11-28 2014-05-29 Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Yonsei University Apparatus and method for wave power generation of underwater type
CN104481781B (en) * 2014-10-29 2016-08-17 西北工业大学 A kind of submarine navigation device vertical axis power generation device from sea current of fluid pressure type
US11118560B2 (en) * 2019-01-22 2021-09-14 Gregory Francis Bird Electrical energy generating systems, apparatuses, and methods
EP4069970A4 (en) * 2019-12-04 2024-05-22 Michael Scot Cummings Reactive, reversible blade turbine for power generation and pumping water
US11332224B2 (en) * 2020-02-26 2022-05-17 Chong Hun Kim Automatic water-flowing-direction-alignment system
US11208981B1 (en) * 2020-07-17 2021-12-28 Md. Nishanto Nahid Pishon Dynamic mooring system for water wave energy convertors
EP4067640A1 (en) * 2021-04-01 2022-10-05 ArianeGroup GmbH Marine turbine power plant
JP7199585B1 (en) * 2022-05-10 2023-01-05 勉 桐山 ocean current trimaran
CN116062200B (en) * 2023-02-17 2023-08-29 哈尔滨工程大学 Sucker type wave energy self-generating unmanned aerial vehicle

Family Cites Families (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3870893A (en) * 1973-10-15 1975-03-11 Henry A Mattera Wave operated power plant
US4346305A (en) * 1976-11-30 1982-08-24 White Forest B Governor for fluid current motor
US4219303A (en) * 1977-10-27 1980-08-26 Mouton William J Jr Submarine turbine power plant
US4271668A (en) * 1979-10-17 1981-06-09 Mccormick Michael E Counter-rotating wave energy conversion turbine
US4748808A (en) * 1986-06-27 1988-06-07 Hill Edward D Fluid powered motor-generator apparatus
CN1016258B (en) * 1988-01-07 1992-04-15 爱德华·D·希尔 With the fluid is prime mover-power generator equipment of power
JPH10331756A (en) * 1997-05-30 1998-12-15 Teruhide Horiei Liquid energy converting device
US7329962B2 (en) * 1999-03-10 2008-02-12 Wader, Llc Hydrocratic generator
EP1336051A4 (en) * 2000-05-26 2003-09-03 Ocean Power Technologies Inc Wave energy converters utilizing pressure differences
JP2002155849A (en) * 2000-11-24 2002-05-31 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Rotary power generating equipment
US7318702B2 (en) * 2005-06-10 2008-01-15 Buedi Joseph Benedek River turbine
US7397144B1 (en) * 2005-06-15 2008-07-08 Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. Bearing-less floating wind turbine
NZ565291A (en) * 2005-07-22 2010-12-24 Woodshed Technologies Ltd Power generation using immersed vessel(s) using off-peak electricity for pumping out water from vessel and to generate electricity via turbine during peak demand to feed to grid
AU2006272373A1 (en) * 2005-07-22 2007-01-25 Woodshed Technologies Limited Power generation system
ITMI20072061A1 (en) * 2007-10-25 2009-04-26 Cofra Editrice Di Logiudice Gi REACTION DIAPHRAGM FOR FLUID DYNAMIC ROTORS AND ENERGY PRODUCTION PLANTS OBTAINED WITH THIS DIAPHRAGM.
FR2927958A1 (en) * 2008-02-22 2009-08-28 Slawomir Klukowski DEVICE FOR COLLECTING THE ENERGY OF THE WAVE.
KR20100010198A (en) * 2008-07-22 2010-02-01 정경균 Ship having apparatus which generates power and electricity using the force of waves
KR101026930B1 (en) 2008-10-09 2011-04-04 이신부 A hydroelectric plant
KR101026196B1 (en) * 2008-12-01 2011-03-31 허정 Tidal power generating apparatus
WO2010085690A2 (en) * 2009-01-22 2010-07-29 Qortek, Inc. Method and system for fluid wave energy conversion
JP4422789B1 (en) * 2009-08-03 2010-02-24 日本システム企画株式会社 Installation structure of hydroelectric generator
KR101056933B1 (en) 2011-05-12 2011-08-12 황인철 Tidal current power plant
US8405240B2 (en) * 2011-12-30 2013-03-26 Paul R Ganichot Augmented velocity hydro-electric turbine generator
US8749086B2 (en) * 2012-01-24 2014-06-10 Lakdas Nanayakkara Deep water hydro-electric power system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2013032161A2 (en) 2013-03-07
EP2759696A4 (en) 2015-09-16
AU2012302465A1 (en) 2014-03-13
CN103827477A (en) 2014-05-28
EP2759696A2 (en) 2014-07-30
US20140219800A1 (en) 2014-08-07
WO2013032161A3 (en) 2013-06-13
JP2014525368A (en) 2014-09-29
CA2847353A1 (en) 2013-03-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
BR112013022641A2 (en)
AP3853A (en)
BR112013031251A2 (en)
BR112013027245A2 (en)
BR112013024383A2 (en)
BR112013023185A2 (en)
BR112013022995A2 (en)
BR112013017670A2 (en)
BR112013023927A2 (en)
BR112013027830A2 (en)
BR112013024365A2 (en)
BR112013027121A2 (en)
BR112013027452A2 (en)
AP2016009466A0 (en)
BR112013031556A2 (en)
BR112013024588A2 (en)
BR112013032377A2 (en)
BR112013032380A2 (en)
BR112013032368A2 (en)
BR112013018949A2 (en)
BR112013027761A2 (en)
BR112013021637A2 (en)
BR112013027836A2 (en)
BR112013023266A2 (en)
BR112013032392A2 (en)