IN172492B - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- IN172492B IN172492B IN985DE1985A IN172492B IN 172492 B IN172492 B IN 172492B IN 985DE1985 A IN985DE1985 A IN 985DE1985A IN 172492 B IN172492 B IN 172492B
- Authority
- IN
- India
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/072—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
- H01L31/073—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type comprising only AIIBVI compound semiconductors, e.g. CdS/CdTe solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
- H01L31/0392—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
- H01L31/0392—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate
- H01L31/03925—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate including AIIBVI compound materials, e.g. CdTe, CdS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1828—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof the active layers comprising only AIIBVI compounds, e.g. CdS, ZnS, CdTe
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1828—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof the active layers comprising only AIIBVI compounds, e.g. CdS, ZnS, CdTe
- H01L31/1832—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof the active layers comprising only AIIBVI compounds, e.g. CdS, ZnS, CdTe comprising ternary compounds, e.g. Hg Cd Te
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02439—Materials
- H01L21/02485—Other chalcogenide semiconducting materials not being oxides, e.g. ternary compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02551—Group 12/16 materials
- H01L21/02562—Tellurides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/543—Solar cells from Group II-VI materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/300,116 US4388483A (en) | 1981-09-08 | 1981-09-08 | Thin film heterojunction photovoltaic cells and methods of making the same |
EP83102512A EP0118579B1 (fr) | 1981-09-08 | 1983-03-14 | Cellules photovoltaiques en couche mince à hétérojonction et procédé pour leur fabrication |
JP58042522A JPS59175165A (ja) | 1981-09-08 | 1983-03-16 | 薄膜ヘテロ接合光起電力電池及びその製法 |
CA000423731A CA1188781A (fr) | 1981-09-08 | 1983-03-16 | Cellules photovoltaiques a heterojonction en couche mince, et leur fabrication |
AU12543/83A AU542149B2 (en) | 1981-09-08 | 1983-03-17 | Thin film hetero junction photo-cells |
IN985DE1985 IN172492B (fr) | 1981-09-08 | 1985-11-22 |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/300,116 US4388483A (en) | 1981-09-08 | 1981-09-08 | Thin film heterojunction photovoltaic cells and methods of making the same |
EP83102512A EP0118579B1 (fr) | 1981-09-08 | 1983-03-14 | Cellules photovoltaiques en couche mince à hétérojonction et procédé pour leur fabrication |
JP58042522A JPS59175165A (ja) | 1981-09-08 | 1983-03-16 | 薄膜ヘテロ接合光起電力電池及びその製法 |
CA000423731A CA1188781A (fr) | 1981-09-08 | 1983-03-16 | Cellules photovoltaiques a heterojonction en couche mince, et leur fabrication |
AU12543/83A AU542149B2 (en) | 1981-09-08 | 1983-03-17 | Thin film hetero junction photo-cells |
IN985DE1985 IN172492B (fr) | 1981-09-08 | 1985-11-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
IN172492B true IN172492B (fr) | 1993-09-04 |
Family
ID=27542544
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
IN985DE1985 IN172492B (fr) | 1981-09-08 | 1985-11-22 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4388483A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0118579B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS59175165A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU542149B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1188781A (fr) |
IN (1) | IN172492B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4548681A (en) * | 1984-02-03 | 1985-10-22 | The Standard Oil Company (Ohio) | Electrodeposition of thin film heterojunction photovoltaic devices that utilize Cd rich Hg1-x Cdx Te |
US4680611A (en) * | 1984-12-28 | 1987-07-14 | Sohio Commercial Development Co. | Multilayer ohmic contact for p-type semiconductor and method of making same |
US4666569A (en) * | 1984-12-28 | 1987-05-19 | Standard Oil Commercial Development Company | Method of making multilayer ohmic contact to thin film p-type II-VI semiconductor |
US4650921A (en) * | 1985-10-24 | 1987-03-17 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Thin film cadmium telluride solar cell |
US4816120A (en) * | 1986-05-06 | 1989-03-28 | The Standard Oil Company | Electrodeposited doped II-VI semiconductor films and devices incorporating such films |
US4909857A (en) * | 1986-05-06 | 1990-03-20 | Standard Oil Company | Electrodeposited doped II-VI semiconductor films and devices incorporating such films |
US4735909A (en) * | 1986-10-14 | 1988-04-05 | Photon Energy, Inc. | Method for forming a polycrystalline monolayer |
US4873198A (en) * | 1986-10-21 | 1989-10-10 | Ametek, Inc. | Method of making photovoltaic cell with chloride dip |
US4764261A (en) * | 1986-10-31 | 1988-08-16 | Stemcor Corporation | Method of making improved photovoltaic heterojunction structures |
US4753684A (en) * | 1986-10-31 | 1988-06-28 | The Standard Oil Company | Photovoltaic heterojunction structures |
US4735662A (en) * | 1987-01-06 | 1988-04-05 | The Standard Oil Company | Stable ohmic contacts to thin films of p-type tellurium-containing II-VI semiconductors |
US4950615A (en) * | 1989-02-06 | 1990-08-21 | International Solar Electric Technology, Inc. | Method and making group IIB metal - telluride films and solar cells |
GB8905910D0 (en) * | 1989-03-15 | 1989-04-26 | Champion Spark Plug Europ | Photosensitive semiconductor,method for making same and electronic switch comprising same |
JP2913808B2 (ja) * | 1990-09-25 | 1999-06-28 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | ZnSe青色発光素子の製造方法 |
GB9122169D0 (en) * | 1991-10-18 | 1991-11-27 | Bp Solar Ltd | Electrochemical process |
US5393675A (en) * | 1993-05-10 | 1995-02-28 | The University Of Toledo | Process for RF sputtering of cadmium telluride photovoltaic cell |
US5541118A (en) * | 1995-05-22 | 1996-07-30 | Midwest Research Institute | Process for producing cadmium sulfide on a cadmium telluride surface |
CN1214469C (zh) * | 2000-04-06 | 2005-08-10 | 阿克佐诺贝尔股份有限公司 | 制造光伏箔的方法 |
GB2384621B (en) * | 2002-01-29 | 2004-07-07 | Univ Sheffield Hallam | Thin film photovoltaic devices and methods of making the same |
US20050098202A1 (en) * | 2003-11-10 | 2005-05-12 | Maltby Robert E.Jr. | Non-planar photocell |
US7645933B2 (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2010-01-12 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Carbon nanotube Schottky barrier photovoltaic cell |
WO2006108314A1 (fr) * | 2005-04-11 | 2006-10-19 | Oc Oerlikon Balzers Ag | Module solaire et son procédé d'encapsulation |
US20070240758A1 (en) * | 2006-04-14 | 2007-10-18 | Thomas Spartz | Double-sided solar module |
US20080128020A1 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-05 | First Solar, Inc. | Photovoltaic devices including a metal stack |
FR2956869B1 (fr) | 2010-03-01 | 2014-05-16 | Alex Hr Roustaei | Systeme de production de film flexible a haute capacite destine a des cellules photovoltaiques et oled par deposition cyclique des couches |
WO2011133361A1 (fr) * | 2010-04-21 | 2011-10-27 | EncoreSolar, Inc. | Procédé de fabrication de cellules solaires muni des couches d'interface en composé déposé par électrolyse |
GB201019039D0 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2010-12-22 | Univ Durham | Method for doping a semi-conductor material and method for manufacturing solar cells |
US9337363B2 (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2016-05-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Low resistance, low reflection, and low cost contact grids for photovoltaic cells |
US9608144B2 (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2017-03-28 | First Solar, Inc. | Photovoltaic devices and method of making |
US20130104985A1 (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-02 | General Electric Company | Photovoltaic device with mangenese and tellurium interlayer |
US9508874B2 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2016-11-29 | First Solar, Inc. | Photovoltaic device and method of manufacture |
US9698285B2 (en) | 2013-02-01 | 2017-07-04 | First Solar, Inc. | Photovoltaic device including a P-N junction and method of manufacturing |
US11876140B2 (en) | 2013-05-02 | 2024-01-16 | First Solar, Inc. | Photovoltaic devices and method of making |
CN104183663B (zh) * | 2013-05-21 | 2017-04-12 | 第一太阳能马来西亚有限公司 | 光伏器件及其制备方法 |
US10062800B2 (en) | 2013-06-07 | 2018-08-28 | First Solar, Inc. | Photovoltaic devices and method of making |
US9871154B2 (en) | 2013-06-21 | 2018-01-16 | First Solar, Inc. | Photovoltaic devices |
US10529883B2 (en) | 2014-11-03 | 2020-01-07 | First Solar, Inc. | Photovoltaic devices and method of manufacturing |
CN105499596B (zh) * | 2015-12-06 | 2017-12-12 | 桂林理工大学 | 在电沉积CdSe薄膜上自发生长Au纳米微粒的方法 |
US11522069B2 (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2022-12-06 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Thin-film semiconductors |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1511190A (fr) * | 1966-12-21 | 1968-01-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Procédé de fabrication des cellules photovoltaïques et nouveaux produits ainsi obtenus |
JPS5138888A (en) * | 1974-09-27 | 1976-03-31 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Handotaisoshino seizohoho |
US3982260A (en) * | 1975-08-01 | 1976-09-21 | Mobil Tyco Solar Energy Corporation | Light sensitive electronic devices |
US4035197A (en) * | 1976-03-30 | 1977-07-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | Barrier type photovoltaic cells with enhanced open-circuit voltage, and process of manufacture |
JPS5313382A (en) * | 1976-07-22 | 1978-02-06 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Manufacture of thin-film light electromotive element |
US4207119A (en) * | 1978-06-02 | 1980-06-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Polycrystalline thin film CdS/CdTe photovoltaic cell |
JPS5536950A (en) * | 1978-09-05 | 1980-03-14 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Manufacturing of thin film photocell |
JPS5577179A (en) * | 1978-12-05 | 1980-06-10 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Solar cell and prepartion thereof |
US4260427A (en) * | 1979-06-18 | 1981-04-07 | Ametek, Inc. | CdTe Schottky barrier photovoltaic cell |
CA1189173A (fr) * | 1981-11-20 | 1985-06-18 | Alice W.L. Lin | Elements et methodes pour preparer les elements contenant des electrodes de contact a faible resistance pour semiconducteurs de type cdte |
-
1981
- 1981-09-08 US US06/300,116 patent/US4388483A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1983
- 1983-03-14 EP EP83102512A patent/EP0118579B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1983-03-16 JP JP58042522A patent/JPS59175165A/ja active Granted
- 1983-03-16 CA CA000423731A patent/CA1188781A/fr not_active Expired
- 1983-03-17 AU AU12543/83A patent/AU542149B2/en not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-11-22 IN IN985DE1985 patent/IN172492B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS59175165A (ja) | 1984-10-03 |
US4388483A (en) | 1983-06-14 |
AU542149B2 (en) | 1985-02-07 |
AU1254383A (en) | 1984-09-20 |
CA1188781A (fr) | 1985-06-11 |
EP0118579A1 (fr) | 1984-09-19 |
EP0118579B1 (fr) | 1989-07-26 |
JPH0563953B2 (fr) | 1993-09-13 |