IL45267A - Device for oral inhalation of powders - Google Patents

Abstract

1478138 Inhalators BEECHAM GROUP Ltd 17 July 1974 [18 July 1973] 34273/73 Heading AST A device for the oral inhalation of powders e.g. for radiography, comprises a hollow elongate housing 1 with an outlet 2 at one end for application to a person's mouth, the other end communicating with a container 3 for powder which has one or more air inlet vents 11 adapted to direct incoming air into a turbulent stream within the container, the housing having air inlet vents 12 adapted to direct incoming air into a vortex within the housing, whereby the intake of breath by the user causes powder within the container to be fluidised, and to pass into the vortex of air in the housing and thence through the outlet to the mouth of the user, The air inlet vents 12 may be disposed at an angle of 10-80‹ to a radius of the housing and the air-inlet vents 11 may be disposed at an angle of 40-85‹ to the longitudinal axis of the housing, or alternatively the vents may be positioned adjacent internal angled barriers so that incoming air is directed to a circular path. Large particles are prevented from leaving the device by an extension 6 of the housing, projecting into the container, and inturned flange 13 at outlet 2. The outlet 2 may extend at right angles to the axis of the housing and may have a mouthpiece which is elliptical in section. The device may be separable into two parts by a screw thread 7 or snap-on joints. [GB1478138A]

Description

nan yn nipas ns'K» fpnn Device for oral inhalation of powders BEECHAM GROUP LIMITED This invention relates to a device for oral inhalation of finely divided powders and in particular for use in bronchoradiography.

Radiography of the bronchial tract is of great diagnostic value in the investigation of disorders of that region, and involves the administration of a radio opaque substance to the lungs of a patient rjrior to radiography. It is known that such substances may be administered for example as aqueous solutions or dispersions or as a liquid aerosol.

However the most advantageous method of administration comprises the direct insufflation of the radio-opaque material in the form of a powder of sufficiently small particle size to reach the fine airways of the lung. Devices are known for the administration of powders by inhalation, but many require an additional source of power besides the patients inhalation to blow the powder out of the device. Examples of such additional sources of power include, for example, a rubber a^queeze bulb (see 3elgian Patent No, 76¾,576) or a source of gas under pressure (see British Patent No. 1,305,172). In such devices it is difficult to synchronise the patient's inhalation with the operation of the additional source of power. Other inhalation devices which are activated solely by the users' inhalation are described in British Patent Nos. 1,1ΐ8,3¾1, 1,182,779, 1,122,28¾, l,295,08l, 1,301,856, U.S. Patent No. 3,635,219, 3elgian Patent No. 781,102 and our British patent No. 1,404,33.8.

All these devices, however, are designed for oral administration of relatively sn il quantities of powder at a time and are insufficient for the requirements of radiography, in which a total powder charge in the range 5 - 15 grass may be required, li have now produced an inhalation device capable of handling these larger amounts of poxirder.

According to the present invention, there is provided a device for the oral inhalation of powder3, which device comprises a hollow elongate housing, a outlet at one end thereof adapted for application to the mouth, the other end conitnun eating with a container for powder; the container having one or more air inlet vents adapted to direct in-corning air into a turbulent stream within the container; said housing having air inlet vents adapted to direct incoming air into a vortex within the housing;, whereby the intake of breath by the user -of the device causes powder within the container to be fluidised, to pass into the vortex of air in the housing and thence through the outlet to the mouth of the user.

One embodiment of the invention will now -be illustrated with reference to the . accompanying drawings wherein: Fig. 1 is a cross-section through the major axis of an oral inhalation device in accordance with this invention; Fig. 2 is a cross-section through the line A-A of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a cross-section through the line B-B of Fig. 1; Figs, and 5 are cross-sections through upper portions of tvro alternative devices in accordance with this invention; Fig. 6 is a cross-section through the line C-C of Fig. ¾; Fig. 7 is a cross-section through the line D-D of Fig. 5 Referring to the drawings, the inhalatio device comprises a hollow elongate housing 1, made of plastics material. One end of the housing is provided with an outlet 2 of restricted diameter which serves as a mouthpiece. The other end of the housing 1 is provided with a powder container 3 comprising a body and a flange 5, the latter being integral with the housing; and an extension 6 of the housing protrudes into the container.

The container body and flange 5 are joined by means of screw thread 7· The base 8 of the container has a central protuberance 9 producing an annular trough 10. The flange 5 of the container is provided with a number of air inlet vents 11, drilled at a constant angle to the longitudinal axis of the housing 1 , this angle preferably being in the range ½0-85° . The configuration of these vents is shown more clearly in Fig. 3 · The housing 1 also has inlet vents 12 again drilled tangentially as shown in Fig. 2. The vents 12 nay be disposed at an angle from 10-80° to a radius of the housing. The outlet 2 is also provided with an extension 13 which projects into the housing 1 , leaving an annular space l » In operation of the device, the housing 1 is maintained in a vertical position.

Powdered medicament is placed in the container body 4 , which is then assembled onto the flange 5 by means of the scre thread 7 · The patient inserts the portion of the housing in the vicinity of the outlet 2 into his mouth and inhales. Air is drawn into the device through the inlet vents 11 and 12. Air entering through the inlet vents 12 causes a vortex to develop within the housing 1.

Air entering the inclined inlet vents 11 passes into the powder container 3 , thereby fluidising its contents and produces a vortex motion of air within the container 3. The powder is entrained in this circulating air-stream and thus prevented from passing straight up the extension 6. The heavier particles of powder are flung outwards against the walls of the container 3 , but the finer particles x^ill be drawn through the extension 6 and into the circulating airstream present in the interior of the housing 1, As the heavier particles circulate in the container 3 they are subject to attrition on the side walls of the container until they are sufficiently reduced in size to escape through the extension 6.

The powder circulating within the housing 1 is drawn towards the outlet vent 2 and approaches a second classification stage provided by the outlet extension 13 and the annular space lk. Again only the finer particles in the stream are drawn through the outlet 2 and into the patient's lungs. Coarser particles are held back within the space 1¾ until they are reduced in size by attrition sufficiently to also escape through the central extension 13 and thence through the outlet 2· In this embodiment, the base 8 of the container 3 has a central protuberance 9· This provides the annular trough 10 for the powder and reduces the likelihood of a dense cloud of powder passing towards the outlet 2 at the onset of inhalation.

Two alternative forms of outlet are depected in Figs. ¾ and 5. In Fig. 4 the outlet 102 is in the form of a curved tube attached to the upper end of the housing 101. A classifier in the form of an extension tube 113 is again provided within the housing 101, The end of the outlet 102 is elliptically shaped, as shown in Fig. 6 for easy application to the mouth. With the configuration show in Fig. ¾, the device can be held upright whilst the patient inhales horizontally through the outlet 102.

In Fig. 5 , the outlet of the device is in the form of an extension 202 integral with and tangential to the upper portion of the housing 201. The configuration of the extension 202 is shown more clearly in Fig. 7· The classifier is in the form of an inner extension tube 213 · The end of the outlet 202 is again elliptically shaped for insertion into the mouth.

In alternative embodiments of devices according to this invention, the powder container may be separable into two parts at any point and may be adapted to be reassembled by alternative means to that illustrated above, for example by a snap-on/snap-off locking mechanism. If the container is separable so that one half is in the form of a flange integral with the housing, as shown above, then the flange may be adapted to fit onto a standard screw-top bottle in which the powder may be stored prior to use.

The device of this invention also has one or more inlet vents in the container adapted to permit the passage of a turbulent stream within the container. These inlet vents may be in the sides or the top of the container. In order to produce the required turbulent stream, those inlets may be angled as described above, or they may be positioned adjacent internal angled barriers so that incoming air is directed to a circular path. Similarly the inlet vents in the elongate housing may be angled or they may be positioned adjacent internal angled barriers, referably the inlet vents in the housing are positioned approximately midway between the outlet and the powder container*

Claims (2)

1. CLAIMS 1# A device for the oral inhalation of powders, which device comprises a hollow elongate housing, an outlet at one end thereof adapted for application to the mouth, the other end co'mmunieating with a container for powder; the container having one or more air inlet vents adapted to direct incoming air into a turbulent stream within the container; said housing having air inlet vents adapted to direct incoming air into a vortex within the housing; whereby the intake of breath by the user of the device causes powder within the container to be fluidised, to pass into the vortex of air in the housing, and thence through the outlet to the mouth of the user.

2. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the inlet vents in the housing are disposed at an angle from 10 - 80° to a radius of the housing, 3· A device as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the inlet vents in the container are in the top of the container,, k. A device as clained in claim 3 wherein the inlet vents in the container are disposed at an angle in the range O - 850 to the longitudinal axis of the housing. 5. A device as claimed in any of the claims 1 to which has a means for allowing only fluidised powder frotn the container into the housing, 6. A device as claimed in claim 5 wherein said means is provided by the cross-sectional area of the housing being smaller than that of the container at the intersection of the housing and containerβ 7. A device as claimed in any one of claims 1 - 6 wherein the outlet is in the form of a tube having its longitudinal axis at right angles to that of the housing. 8. A device as claimed in claim 7 wherein the outlet is in the form of a curved tube attached to the upper end of the housing. 9· A device as claimed in claim 7 wherein the outlet is in the form of an extension integral with and tangential to the upper portion of the housing. 10. A device as claimed in any one of claims 1 - 9 wherein the end of the outlet is elliptical in cross-section. A device as claimed in any one of claims 10 wherein the upper part of the housing has means to separate fine particles of powder from coarser particles, 12. A device as claimed in any one of claims 1 - 11 which device is separable into two parts. 13· A device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the device is separable at the intersection of the housing and the container. l4. A device as claimed in any one of claims 1 - 6, 11 - 13 substantially as described with reference to the accompanying Figs. 1 - 3· 15· A device aa claimed in any one of claims 1 - 8, 10 - 13 substanti lly as described with reference to the accompanying Figs, and 6* l6. A device as claimed in any one of claims 1 - 7» 9j 11 - 13 substantially as described with reference to the accompanying Figs. 5 and 7·