IL305580A - Polymerizable composition for producing a polyacrylamide hydrogel for fire-retardant glazing, corresponding production processes and uses - Google Patents
Polymerizable composition for producing a polyacrylamide hydrogel for fire-retardant glazing, corresponding production processes and usesInfo
- Publication number
- IL305580A IL305580A IL305580A IL30558023A IL305580A IL 305580 A IL305580 A IL 305580A IL 305580 A IL305580 A IL 305580A IL 30558023 A IL30558023 A IL 30558023A IL 305580 A IL305580 A IL 305580A
- Authority
- IL
- Israel
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- polymerizable composition
- fire
- component
- retardant
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 178
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims description 167
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 title claims description 97
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 title claims description 89
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- CNCOEDDPFOAUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylolacrylamide Chemical compound OCNC(=O)C=C CNCOEDDPFOAUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 halogen salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019192 riboflavin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002151 riboflavin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000001727 glucose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxydisulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)OOS(O)(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229960005150 glycerol Drugs 0.000 description 16
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlormequat chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCl UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005336 safety glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010059837 Adhesion Diseases 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001031 glucose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001855 mannitol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002920 sorbitol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005811 Viola adunca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000009038 Viola odorata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013487 Viola odorata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002254 Viola papilionacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019395 ammonium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HRIZJUDKZZJVBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,1-diol;ethane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CC(O)O.OCCO HRIZJUDKZZJVBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003840 hydrochlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- YELGFTGWJGBAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N mephedrone Chemical compound CNC(C)C(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 YELGFTGWJGBAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCCN PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxydisulfate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/069—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of intumescent material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/24—Homopolymers or copolymers of amides or imides
- C09D133/26—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylamide or methacrylamide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/14—Macromolecular materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10908—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin in liquid form
- B32B17/10917—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin in liquid form between two pre-positioned glass layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
- B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
Description
Skanbel UG Brendelweg 159, 27755 Delmenhorst Polymerizable composition for producing a polyacrylamide hydrogel for fire-retardant glazing, corresponding production processes and uses The present invention relates to a polymerizable composition for producing a polyacryla-mide hydrogel, to a corresponding polyacrylamide hydrogel and also to fire-retardant glaz-ing comprising an aforementioned polymerizable composition or an aforementioned poly-acrylamide hydrogel. The present invention also relates to a process for producing fire-retardant glazing, and also to the use of an aforementioned polymerizable composition and/or an aforementioned polyacrylamide hydrogel, in each case as fire retardant for fire-retardant glazing and/or in the production of fire-retardant glazing. The present invention likewise relates to the use of one or more polyhydroxy compounds, in particular glycerol, for improving the adhesion of a polyacrylamide hydrogel to fire-retardant glazing.
Fire-retardant glazing customarily consists of two glass panes, arranged substantially par- allel to one another and separated from one another by an interstice (or gap), between which panes a flame retardant is arranged. In the event of fire, the glass pane exposed to the fire shatters, thereby exposing the fire retardant to the fire and, by absorbing consider-able amounts of heat, the structure of the fire retardant changes. Customarily, fire retardant foams up when it is acted upon by fire, loses its transparency to thermal radiation and releases water vapor, and therefore the side of the fire-retardant glazing facing away from the fire is cooled and protected from the action of the fire’s thermal radiation. Such fire-retardant glazing is described for example in document DE 102 37 395 A1. - 2 - Fire-retardant glazing which is comparatively light and at most contains low-corrosion fire retardants, i.e. those which do not affect, or only very slightly affect, metal parts present in the fire-retardant glazing, is known from the prior art. Fire-retardant glazing which durably retains its transparency - in everyday use - is also known.
Document DE 10 2005 018 842 A1 describes fire-retardant glazing which comprises a pol- yacrylamide hydrogel as fire retardant.
Document DE 10 2006 035 262 A1 relates to UV-impermeable fire-retardant glazing.
Document EP 0 705 685 A1 relates to a fire-retardant glazing unit having two panes and, in the space between the panes, an interlayer which foams in the event of fire. The inter-layer consists predominantly of sodium silicate glass and water.
A fireproof glass is specified in document WO 01/70495 A1.
Document CN 105295742 A describes a fireproof composite glass.
Document EP 0 542 022 A1 describes a modified, transparent, aqueous alkali silicate so-lution, a method for the production thereof and the use thereof for producing transparent hydrogels.
Document DE 35 30 968 A1 relates to fire-resistant glazing.
M. Gravit et al. report (in IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 666 012095 (2019), pages 1-8, XP55825293, DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/666/1/012095) on the fire technical properties of intumescent and ablative fire-resistant glass.
However, even in light of the known prior art, there was still a need to provide improved fire-retardant glazing and in particular to further improve the adhesion of a fire retardant to the glass panes of fire-retardant glazing, in order above all, in the event of a fire, to enable the side of the fire-retardant glazing facing away from the fire (the "cold" side) to have a better and/or longer-lasting fire-retardant effect.
The primary object of the invention was therefore to provide a fire retardant which enables the production of light fire-retardant glazing and which is intended to be at most mildly cor- - 3 - rosive to metal parts in fire-retardant glazing. Here, the fire retardant in fire-retardant glaz-ing should have as durable and high a transparency as possible, with as low impairment of this transparency as possible, for example as caused by bubble formation or undesired discoloration of the fire-retardant glazing, and also above all should have good or improved adhesion to the glass panes of the fire-retardant glazing. Accordingly, further objects of the present invention were to provide a composition for producing an improved fire retardant and also an improved fire-retardant glass, and a process for the production thereof.
It has now surprisingly been found that the primary object and the further objects and/or partial objects of the present invention are solved by a polymerizable composition for pro-ducing a polyacrylamide hydrogel, comprising (or consisting of): (A) one or more polymerizable monomers selected from the group consisting of - unsubstituted acrylamide, - substituted acrylamides, and - mixtures thereof, (B) one or more salts of monovalent, divalent and/or trivalent metal ions, (C) one or more crosslinking aids, (D) one or more polymerization catalysts, (E) in a total amount of > 1 mass%, preferably ≥ 2 mass%, more preferably ≥ 3 mass% and particularly preferably ≥ 3.5 mass%, relative to the total mass of the polymeriz- able composition, one or more polyhydroxy compounds which each independently have a total number of carbon atoms in the range from 2 to 6, and (F) water. - 4 - In-house studies showed that a polymerizable composition according to the invention, as described above, is exceptionally suitable for producing a polyacrylamide hydrogel accord-ing to the invention which is suitable as fire retardant for a comparatively light fire-retardant glazing and which has at most mildly corrosive properties to metal parts in fire-retardant glazing. In-house experiments also showed that a polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention, used as fire retardant, ensures durable and high transparency of fire-retard-ant glazing with at most very low impairment of the transparency of the fire-retardant glaz-ing, for example as caused by bubble formation or undesired discolorations. In particular, in-house experiments showed that an aforementioned polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention has exceptional properties of adhesion to or on the surface of a pane of fire-retardant glazing.
The invention and combinations of preferred parameters, properties and/or constituents of the present invention that are preferred in accordance with the invention are defined in the appended claims. Preferred aspects of the present invention are also specified or defined in the description that follows and in the examples.
For the purpose of the present invention, a polyacrylamide hydrogel means a water-con-taining gel that contains polyacrylamide and is known per se in the technical field. In the context of the present invention, a gel is, as understood in general linguistic usage (without specifying a particular structure of a gel), a disperse system consisting of at least two con-stituents. A solid constituent (solid phase) forms a sponge-like three-dimensional network, the pores of which are filled with a liquid constituent (liquid phase), Preference is given to a polymerizable composition according to the invention as described above (or a polymerizable composition according to the invention described as preferred in this text), wherein ˗ the substituted acrylamides of component (A) comprise N-methylolacrylamide or con- sist of N-methylolacrylamide, or component (A) consists of N-methylolacrylamide, and/or ˗ the one or more polymerizable monomers of component (A) are selected from the group consisting of substituted acrylamides and mixtures thereof, - 5 - wherein preferably the one, or at least one of the plurality of, polymerizable monomers of component (A) is N-methylolacrylamide, and/or ˗ component (A) is present in a total amount in the range from 3 to 12 mass%, preferably from 4 to 10 mass%, relative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition.
In-house studies have shown that a polymerizable composition according to the invention, described in more detail in this text, which comprises N-methylolacrylamide as polymeriz-able monomers (in particular in a proportion of ≥ 80 mol% of the polymerizable monomers of component (A) present in the polymerizable composition), in particular in the aforemen-tioned total amounts or in the aforementioned preferred total amounts, is particularly well- suited for producing a polyacrylamide hydrogel for fire-retardant glazing, since this makes it possible to produce a transparent, at most mildly corrosive polyacrylamide hydrogel with a viscosity that is very good for filling fire-retardant glazing.
Preference is also given to a polymerizable composition according to the invention as de-scribed above (or a polymerizable composition according to the invention described as preferred in this text), wherein ˗ the one or more salts of component (B) comprise or are salts of monovalent and/or divalent metal ions; and/or ˗ the one or more salts of component (B) comprise or are salts of alkali metals and/or alkaline-earth metals, preferably halogen salts, particularly preferably chlorides, of al-kali metals or alkaline-earth metals, wherein preferably one, a plurality of, or all salts of component (B) are selected from the group consisting of NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2 and mixtures thereof, wherein preferably all salts of component (B) are selected from the group consisting of NaCl, MgCl2 and mixtures thereof, and/or - 6 - ˗ component (B) is present in a total amount in the range from 8 to 35 mass%, preferably from 10 to 30 mass%, particularly preferably from 15 to 25 mass%, relative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition.
In-house experiments showed that the aforementioned one or more salts of component (B), in particular the one or more salts of component (B) mentioned above as being pre- ferred, and very particularly NaCl, MgCl2 and mixtures thereof, are exceptionally suited, inter alia, as thickeners for a polymerizable composition according to the invention, since they have proven highly compatible with the other constituents of the polymerizable com-position according to the invention and contribute to the advantageous properties of the polymerizable composition according to the invention. Furthermore, in-house experiments determined that, above a total amount of 35 mass% of component (B) in the polymerizable composition according to the invention, it was already possible for undesired haze effects to occur.
Preference is likewise given to a polymerizable composition according to the invention as described above (or a polymerizable composition according to the invention described as preferred in this text), wherein ˗ one, a plurality of, or all crosslinking aids of component (C) are selected from the group consisting of N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide, formaldehyde and mixtures thereof, wherein preferably the one, or at least one of the plurality of, crosslinking aids of com-ponent (C) is N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide; wherein the crosslinking aid of component (C) is particularly preferably N,N’-meth-ylenebisacrylamide; and/or ˗ component (C), preferably N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide, is present in a total amount in the range from 0.001 to 1.0 mass%, preferably from 0.005 to 0.5 mass%, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 0.35 mass%, relative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition.
For the purposes of the invention, if N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide is present or used in the polymerizable composition according to the invention, the proportions by mass of the N,N’- - 7 - methylenebisacrylamide present in the polymerizable composition are only taken into ac-count as, or for, (the calculation of the proportions by mass of) component (C) as crosslink-ing aid of the polymerizable composition according to the invention, but not (also) as, or for, another component (for example component (A)) of the polymerizable composition ac-cording to the invention.
In-house studies have shown that using N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinking aid in component (C) of the polymerizable composition according to the invention, in the afore-mentioned total amounts or in the aforementioned preferred total amounts, makes it possi-ble to produce a polyacrylamide hydrogel with a degree of crosslinking particularly well-suited to use as a fire retardant.
Preference is likewise given to a polymerizable composition according to the invention as described above (or a polymerizable composition according to the invention described as preferred in this text), wherein ˗ the one, a plurality of, or all polymerization catalysts of component (D) are selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol; diethanolamine, triethanolamine, N,N,N‘,N‘-tetramethylethylenediamine and mixtures thereof, wherein preferably component (D) comprises or is a mixture of ethylene glycol and triethanolamine; wherein particularly preferably the mass ratio of ethylene glycol to tri-ethanolamine is in the range from 0.5: 1 to 1: 0.5, in particular preferably from 0.75: to 1: 0.75, and very particularly preferably is 1: 1; and/or ˗ component (D) is present in a total amount in the range from 0.009 to 1.5 mass%, preferably from 0.01 to 1 mass%, particularly preferably from 0.015 to 0.5 mass%, rel-ative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition.
The time required for the polymerization of the polymerizable composition according to the invention to give a polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention is dependent, inter alia, on the polymerization catalyst(s) used. In-house experiments have shown that using the aforementioned polymerization catalysts, in particular using the aforementioned pre-ferred polymerization catalysts, in the aforementioned total amounts, in particular in the aforementioned preferred total amounts, makes it possible to achieve rapid and complete 30 - 8 - polymerization of the polymerizable composition according to the invention to give a poly-acrylamide hydrogel according to the invention, the latter being outstandingly suitable as fire retardant for fire-retardant glazing.
Preference is furthermore given to a polymerizable composition according to the invention as described above (or a polymerizable composition according to the invention described as preferred in this text), wherein ˗ the one or more polyhydroxy compounds of component (E) comprise or are one or more polyhydroxy compounds which each independently have a total number of car-bon atoms in the range from 3 to 6 and/or each independently have a total number of hydroxyl groups in the range from 2 to 6, preferably from 3 to 6, wherein preferably the one, a plurality of, or all polyhydroxy compounds of component (E) are selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethy-lene glycol, triethylene glycol, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, glucose, glycerol and mixtures thereof, wherein further preferably the one, a plurality of, or all polyhydroxy compounds of com- ponent (E) are selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, diethylene gly-col, triethylene glycol, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, glucose, glycerol and mixtures thereof, wherein particularly preferably the or at least one of the one or more polyhydroxy com-pounds of component (E) is glycerol, and very particularly preferably component (E) is glycerol; and/or ˗ component (E), preferably glycerol, is present in a total amount in the range from > to ≤ 12 mass%, preferably from ≥ 1.5 to ≤ 11 mass%, particularly preferably from ≥ to ≤ 7.5 mass%, very particularly preferably from ≥ 3 to ≤ 7.5 mass% relative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition or component (E), preferably glycerol, is present in a total amount in the range from > to ≤ 15 mass%, preferably from ≥ 2 to ≤ 15 mass%, particularly preferably from ≥ 3 to - 9 - ≤ 15 mass%, very particularly preferably from ≥ 3.5 to ≤ 12 mass% relative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition.
The compounds ethylene glycol, diethanolamine and/or triethanolamine which can be used in the polymerizable composition according to the invention as polymerization catalysts of component (D) can also be used or present in the polymerizable composition according to the invention as polyhydroxy compounds of component (E). For the purposes of the present invention, if ethylene glycol, diethanolamine and/or triethanolamine are present and/or used in the polymerizable composition according to the invention, (only) the proportions by mass of ethylene glycol, diethanolamine, triethanolamine or mixtures thereof present in the total polymerizable composition that exceed 1 mass% (relative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition) are taken into account in the calculation of the proportions by mass of component (E) in the polymerizable composition according to the invention.
In-house experiments have shown that using the aforementioned polyhydroxy compounds, in particular using the aforementioned preferred or particularly preferred polyhydroxy com-pounds, in the aforementioned total amounts, in particular in the aforementioned preferred total amounts, makes it possible to produce, from the polymerizable composition according to the invention, a polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention which has excellent properties as a fire retardant for fire-retardant glazing. Thus, it has been possible to show that using the aforementioned polyhydroxy compounds makes it possible to considerably improve the adhesion of a polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention to fire-re- tardant glazing, in particular to the surface of a pane of fire-retardant glazing, compared to a polyacrylamide-based fire retardant not according to the invention.
The improved adhesion of the polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention to the surface of the pane of fire-retardant glazing already achieves improved road safety even without a fire occurring, since for example in the event of breakage caused by traffic load, glass particles or glass shards from the fire-retardant glazing according to the invention are already retained by the fire retardant and are only removed from the breakage point, for example being thrown through the adjacent space, to a small extent. This reduces inter alia the risk of injury to people.
Since, according to in-house studies, the improved adhesion of the polyacrylamide hydro- gel to the surface of the pane of fire-retardant glazing is long-lasting and reliable even in the even of a fire, the use of fire-retardant glazing according to the invention also results in increased safety in the event of a fire. In-house experiments showed that, in the event of a - 10 - fire, corresponding fire-retardant glazing has a considerably longer-lasting fire-retardant effect on the side facing away from the fire (the "cold" side) than comparable fire retardant glazing not according to the invention, because of the improved adhesion of the polyacryla-mide hydrogel according to the invention to the surface of the fire-retardant glazing.
An additional advantage associated with the use of the aforementioned polyhydroxy com- pounds, in particular with the use of the polyhydroxy compounds mentioned above as pre-ferred or particularly preferred, in the aforementioned total amounts, in particular in the aforementioned preferred total amounts, consists in fire-retardant glazing, which has been produced with the aid of a polymerizable composition according to the invention or a poly-acrylamide hydrogel according to the invention, having improved frost protection compared to fire-retardant glazing which is comparable but which does not contain any of the afore-mentioned polyhydroxy compounds or which contains the aforementioned polyhydroxy compounds only in relatively small total amounts. The fire-retardant glazing according to the invention described in this text is therefore also particularly suitable for use outdoors.
Preference is also furthermore given to a polymerizable composition according to the in- vention as described above (or a polymerizable composition according to the invention described as preferred in this text), wherein ˗ component (F), water, is present in the polymerizable composition in a total amount needed to reach 100 mass% of the polymerizable composition; and/or ˗ the polymerizable composition has a pH in the range from 5 to 9, preferably in the range from 5.5 to 8.5, particularly preferably in the range from 6 to 8.
The present invention also relates to a polyacrylamide hydrogel produced or producible by polymerization of the polymerizable parts of a polymerizable composition according to the invention described above (or a polymerizable composition according to the invention de- scribed in this text as preferred).
In-house studies have shown that a polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention is exceptionally well-suited as a fire retardant for fire-retardant glazing because it remains stable over relatively long periods of time and does not tend, or hardly tends, to form bub-bles, and, in particular if the aforementioned preferred or particularly preferred polyhydroxy 30 - 11 - compounds are used in the aforementioned total amounts, in particular in the aforemen-tioned preferred total amounts, for producing said hydrogel, it is completely UV stable or UV stable to the greatest possible extent. Fire-retardant glazing according to the invention containing the polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention as fire retardant is there-fore characterized by only extremely minor, or entirely non-existent, aging-related unde- sired discolorations or impairments to the transparency and/or to the appearance.
With regard to preferred configurations of an aforementioned polyacrylamide hydrogel ac-cording to the invention, the statements made above for the polymerizable composition according to the invention apply accordingly (optionally analogously), in particular regard-ing possible preferred embodiments and possible or preferred combinations, and vice- versa.
The present invention furthermore relates to fire-retardant glazing, comprising ˗ an arrangement of at least two panes that are at least partially transparent to visible light and are arranged at a distance from one another, preferably at a distance from one another and parallel to one another, wherein the arrangement has at least one interstice between in each case two panes, wherein the interstice is preferably defined by the distance between the two panes and also by the areas of the two panes, and ˗ in the at least one interstice, a polymerizable composition according to the invention (or a polymerizable composition according to the invention described in this text as preferred) or a polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention (or a polymerizable polyacrylamide hydrogel described in this text as preferred).
With regard to preferred configurations of aforementioned fire-retardant glazing according to the invention, the statements made above for the polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention and/or for the polymerizable composition according to the invention apply accordingly (optionally analogously), in particular regarding possible preferred embodi-ments and possible or preferred combinations, and vice-versa.
Preference is given to aforementioned fire-retardant glazing according to the invention, wherein the panes that are at least partially transparent to visible light are glass panes and preferably comprise or consist of silicate-containing glass (in the present text and also in 30 - 12 - the relevant technical field customarily also referred to as "mineral glass"), which is prefer-ably uncoated, particularly preferably silicate-containing glass selected from the group con-sisting of soda-lime silica glass, flat glass, solar control glass, single-pane safety glass (ESG), laminated safety glass (VSG), borosilicate glass and combinations thereof.
Preference is given to aforementioned fire-retardant glazing according to the invention, wherein the distance at which the at least two panes, that are at least partially transparent to visible light, are arranged relative to one another, preferably parallel to one another, is in the range from ≥ 8 mm to ≤ 47 mm, preferably from ≥ 9 mm to ≤ 46 mm, particularly preferably from ≥ 10 mm to ≤ 45 mm. The distance at which the (at least two) aforemen-tioned panes are arranged relative to one another thus preferably defines in each case the interstice of the aforementioned fire-retardant glazing according to the invention. The dis-tance at which the at least two aforementioned panes are arranged relative to one another and/or the interstice of the aforementioned fire-retardant glazing according to the invention preferably define the gel thickness (i.e. the layer thickness) of the polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention used in the fire-retardant glazing according to the invention.
The aforementioned glass panes which are suitable for use in aforementioned fire-retard-ant glazing according to the invention can be colorless or colored.
In-house studies showed that fire-retardant glazing according to the invention also has ex-ceptional sound insulation properties which were even better than the sound insulation properties of fire-retardant glazing similar to the fire-retardant glazing according to the in- vention but in which the polyacrylamide hydrogel does not contain, in a total amount of > mass%, preferably ≥ 2 mass%, particularly preferably ≥ 3.5 mass%, relative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition, one or more polyhydroxy compounds which each independently have a total number of carbon atoms in the range from 2 to 6 (and in which the polyacrylamide hydrogel in particular does not contain any glycerol).
In a further configuration, the present invention also relates to a process for producing fire-retardant glazing, comprising the steps of P1) providing or producing an arrangement of at least two panes that are at least partially transparent to visible light and are arranged at a distance from one another, prefer-ably at a distance from one another and parallel to one another, wherein the arrange- ment has at least one interstice between in each case two panes, - 13 - P2) providing or producing a polymerizable composition described above (or a polymer-izable composition described in this text as preferred), wherein the polymerizable composition has preferably been at least partially degassed; P3) at least partially, preferably completely, filling at least one interstice, between in each case two panes of the arrangement provided or produced in step P1), with the polymerizable composition provided or produced in step P2), and P4) polymerizing, or causing to polymerize, the polymerizable parts of the polymerizable composition stated in step P3) in the at least one interstice, between in each case two panes, of the arrangement, preferably in contact with the surfaces of the two panes facing the at least one inter-stice or in contact with the adhesive-coated (see below in this regard) surfaces of the two panes facing the at least one interstice, preferably resulting in a polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention.
With regard to preferred configurations of an aforementioned process according to the in- vention, the statements made above for the fire-retardant glazing according to the inven-tion, for the polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention and/or for the polymerizable composition according to the invention apply accordingly (optionally analogously), in par-ticular regarding possible preferred embodiments and possible or preferred combinations, and vice-versa.
In a first variant, the polymerizable composition according to the invention provided or pro-duced in step P2) of the aforementioned process according to the invention can be used as a ready-mixed composition comprising all components (A) to (F). In this variant, prefer-ence is given to homogenizing the ready-mixed polymerizable composition before carrying out step P3), in order to prevent local concentration gradients of individual components which might otherwise negatively influence the production of the polyacrylamide hydrogel. Ultimately, the quality of fire-retardant glazing produced using the process according to the invention might also be negatively influenced by a polymerizable composition not used in a homogeneous state. In this variant, further preference is given to at least partially degas-sing the ready-mixed polymerizable composition before carrying out step P3). 30 - 14 - In a second variant, the polymerizable composition according to the invention provided or produced in step P2) of the aforementioned process according to the invention is ready mixed only shortly before carrying out step P3), wherein components (A) to (D) and (F) (or components (A) to (C) and (E) to (F); or components (A) to (C) and (F)) can preferably be used as a ready-mixed pre-mix while component (E) (and/or optionally component (D)) is only combined with the aforementioned ready-mixed pre-mix and mixed therewith shortly before carrying out step P3). It is also preferred in this variant if, by sufficient thorough mixing of all components, local concentration gradients of individual components of the polymerizable composition can be prevented as far as possible before or during carrying out step P3) and/or if the ready-mixed polymerizable composition is a least partially de- gassed before carrying out step P3).
It is preferred if the polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention is produced in situ in an interstice between two adjacent panes of the aforementioned arrangement.
In step P3), accordingly, at least one interstice, between in each case two panes of the arrangement provided or produced in step P1), is at least partially, and preferably virtually completely, filled with the polymerizable composition provided or produced in step P2).
To this end, in a first variant of the process according to the invention, the (preferably ho-mogenized and/or at least partially degassed, see above in this regard) polymerizable com-position according to the invention is preferably used as a ready-mixed composition com-prising all components (A) to (F).
In a second preferred variant of the process according to the invention, components (A) to (D) and (F) of the polymerizable composition according to the invention are used as a ready-mixed pre-mix and are only combined with component (E) and mixed therewith shortly before carrying out step P3). Also in this second preferred variant, the composition present before step P3) is carried out, comprising all components (A) to (F), is preferably homogenized and/or at least partially degassed.
In a third preferred variant of the process according to the invention, components (A) to (C) and (F) of the polymerizable composition according to the invention are used as a ready-mixed pre-mix and are only combined with components (D) and (E) and mixed therewith shortly before carrying out step P3). Also in this third preferred variant, the composition present before step P3) is carried out, comprising all components (A) to (F), is preferably homogenized and/or at least partially degassed. - 15 - The interstice between in each case two adjacent panes of the fire-retardant glazing is preferably substantially completely filled with the polymerizable composition according to the invention or with the polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention. This advanta-geously makes it possible to prevent cavities, in particular air bubbles, between the panes. Such cavities could make the transparency of the panes hazy (under non-fire conditions), which is generally undesired. Moreover, substantially complete filling of the gap with the polymerizable composition according to the invention or with the polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention ensures that, in the event of fire under the action of heat, the abovementioned advantages of the fire-retardant glazing are achieved to the fullest possi-ble extent.
In order to ensure simple filling of the interstice with the polymerizable composition accord-ing to the invention, the interstice and substantially the end faces of the panes, if present, are preferably surrounded by an outer sheath. This makes it possible for example to virtu-ally completely fill the interstice with the the polymerizable composition according to the invention before carrying out step P4) (or, with sufficiently high flowability of the polyacryla- mide hydrogel, also with the polyacrylamide hydrogel after carrying out step P4)). The outer sheath is used here to prevent the fire retardant from leaking out during the process of filling the fire-retardant glazing.
The sheath is preferably a flexible body. Alternatively, however, use can be made of a rigid frame. In the event of a fire, when the panes of fire-retardant glazing according to the in- vention are strongly heated, the pane facing the source of the fire expands as a result of the heating. At the same time, the pressure in the interstice rises because of the gases released, for example water vapor. Both these causes cause the pane of the fire-retardant glazing facing the source of the fire to expand more than the pane facing away from the source of the fire. Therefore, according to the invention, preference is given to forming the outer sheath of the interstice between in each case two panes of the fire-retardant glazing and/or the end faces of the panes such that the greater expansion of the pane facing the source of the fire leads to tearing or opening of the sheath, thereby exposing the interstice to the surroundings. The interstice should preferably be completely exposed in the event of fire, such that the degassing of the fire retardant can take place at least close to the end faces of the gap. This ensures a good cooling effect by the polyacrylamide hydrogel ac-cording to the invention, even if the pane facing the source of the fire has not yet shattered.
In an alternative configuration of the process according to the invention, it is also possible to execute step P3) such that the polymerizable composition according to the invention or - 16 - the polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention is applied to at least one of the two panes before the panes are connected. Preferably and advantageously, this is performed such that no gas bubbles are trapped between the polymerizable composition according to the invention or the polyacrylamide hydrogel and the pane in question.
In step P4), the polymerizable parts of the polymerizable composition mentioned in step P3) are polymerized (or caused to polymerize). To this end, a radical initiator is preferably added to the polymerizable composition mentioned in step P3) in order to accelerate the polymerization.
Preference is therefore given to a process according to the invention described above (or a process according to the invention described as preferred), wherein a radical initiator is additionally added to the polymerizable composition, preferably after step P3) and/or before or during step P4), preferably a radical initiator selected from the group consisting of ˗ a peroxide-containing compound, preferably selected from the group consisting of dibenzoyl peroxide, a salt of peroxydisulfuric acid (preferably disodium peroxydisulfate and ammonium peroxydisulfate) and mixtures thereof; ˗ an azo group-containing compound, preferably azobisisobutyronitrile and ˗ riboflavin.
As radical initiators for addition to the polymerizable composition according to the invention, peroxide-containing compounds are particularly preferred; salts of peroxydisulfuric acid and mixtures thereof are very particularly preferred, and disodium peroxydisulfate and am-monium peroxydisulfate and mixtures thereof are in particular preferred.
Customary amounts of concentrations of radical initiators, which are also in the present case suitable amounts or concentrations, are known to those skilled in the art, or those skilled in the art can readily determine correspondingly suitable amounts or concentrations of radical initiators for the above-described purpose using routine measures. As those - 17 - skilled in the art known, the time required for the polymerization in step P4) is dependent, inter alia, on the concentration of the radical initiator used.
If riboflavin is used as radical initiator for the above-described purpose, the radical reaction can be initiated in a known way by targeted irradiation with blue-violet light. The point in time for starting the radical reaction can thereby be chosen in a targeted manner, which can be particularly advantageous in the industrial manufacture of fire-retardant glazing. Of course, those skilled in the art will only choose riboflavin as radical initiator in cases in which the other properties of riboflavin (e.g. color, UV activity) are not disruptive to the conditions of the process according to the invention, or in fire-retardant glazing according to the in-vention, or are even desired.
Preference is also given to a process according to the invention described above (or a process according to the invention described as preferred in this text) wherein, before step P3), an additional step P2a) is carried out: P2a) applying, at least to part of the surfaces of the at least two panes facing the interstice, a composition containing a silane-containing adhesive, preferably an adhesive con- taining one or more silanes containing trimethoxysilyl groups.
Applying a composition containing a silane-containing adhesive in step P2a) makes it pos-sible to further improve the adhesion of a polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the inven-tion to the surface of a pane of the fire-retardant glazing according to the invention. Accord-ing to the invention, use is preferably made, as silane-containing adhesive, of N-[3-(tri- methoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine and/or derivatives thereof, preferably 1,2-ethanedia-mine, N-{3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl-N-{ethenylphenyl)methyl} derivatives, in each case (in all cases) including the salts thereof with mineral acids, preferably the hydrochlorides thereof.
If step P2a) is carried out in the process according to the invention, this results in at least partially coated (see above in this regard) surfaces of the aforementioned (at least) two panes facing the interstice, forming such an interstice. In the case of a configuration of the process according to the invention which comprises step P2a), the surfaces of the at least two panes facing an interstice are partially or completely coated with a silane-containing adhesive.
Preference is given to a process according to the invention wherein the polymerization (or polycondensation) of the polymerizable composition according to the invention to give the - 18 - polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention in step P4) (see below in this regard) takes place directly in the, or in an, interstice between two adjacent panes of the fire-re-tardant glazing. However, as long as the polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the inven-tion is sufficiently flowable, said interstice can also be filled after producing the polyacryla-mide hydrogel (i.e. filled with said polyacrylamide hydrogel).
It is likewise preferred if in each case adjacent panes are connected substantially over their whole area by means of the polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention, wherein the panes are in particular connected to one another because of the high adhesive forces of the fire retardant. Ideally, with sufficiently high adhesive forces of the polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention, the use of any fasteners such as metal clamps can be dispensed with.
It is further preferred to receive the panes of the fire-retardant glazing according to the invention in a frame such that the panes have at least one degree of freedom which enables the movement of the pane facing the source of the fire relative to the pane facing away from the source of the fire. As a result, the pane facing the source of the fire only shatters when exposed to considerable heat and therefore late on in the event of a fire. In this case, the panes of the fire-retardant glazing according to the invention are advantageously con-nected to one another such that, preferably both in the direction of the end faces of the panes and also transversely thereto, longitudinal displacement of the pane located in the direction of the source of the fire, relative to the pane facing away from the source of the fire, is possible. These measures contribute to the pane facing the source of the fire crack-ing or shattering later.
The width of the interstice between in each case two adjacent panes of fire-retardant glaz-ing according to the invention, after complete filling of the interstice with the fire retardant (i.e. the polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention), substantially results from the layer thickness of the fire retardant or from corresponding spaces inserted between the adjacent panes. The choice of the layer thickness of the fire retardant makes it possible to adjust, inter alia, the fire protection time and the intensity of the reduction in radiation by the fire-retardant glazing. In addition, a uniform thickness of the fire-retardant glazing is also desirable with regard to subsequent installation, for example in a window frame.
The present invention also relates to the use of a polymerizable composition according to the invention described above (or of a polymerizable composition according to the invention - 19 - described as preferred in this text) or of a polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the inven-tion (or of a polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention described as preferred in this text) as fire retardant for fire-retardant glazing and/or in the production of fire-retardant glazing.
With regard to preferred configurations of an aforementioned use according to the invention of a polymerizable composition according to the invention or of a polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention, the statements made above for the process according to the invention, for the fire-retardant glazing according to the invention, for the polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the invention and/or for the polymerizable composition according to the invention apply accordingly (optionally analogously), in particular regarding possible preferred embodiments and possible or preferred combinations, and vice-versa.
The present invention also relates to the use of one or more above-defined polyhydroxy compounds (or of one or more polyhydroxy compounds described as preferred in this text) ˗ as an addition to a polymerizable composition for producing a polyacrylamide hydrogel and/or to a polyacrylamide hydrogel, preferably to a polyacrylamide hydrogel produced or producible from the polymerizable composition, preferably for improving the adhesion of the polyacrylamide hydrogel to a pane, pref-erably a pane comprising or consisting of mineral glass, of fire-retardant glazing; and/or ˗ for improving the adhesion of a polyacrylamide hydrogel to or on fire-retardant glazing, preferably to or on the surface of a pane, preferably of a pane comprising or consisting of silicate glass, of fire-retardant glazing.
With regard to preferred configurations of an aforementioned use according to the invention of a polyhydroxy compound defined above, the statements made above for the use of a polymerizable composition according to the invention or of a polyacrylamide hydrogel ac- cording to the invention, for the process according to the invention, for the fire-retardant glazing according to the invention, for the polyacrylamide hydrogel according to the inven-tion and/or for the polymerizable composition according to the invention apply accordingly (optionally analogously), in particular regarding possible preferred embodiments and pos-sible or preferred combinations, and vice-versa. 30 - 20 - Preference is given to the use according to the invention described above of one or more polyhydroxy compounds defined above (or of one or more polyhydroxy compounds de-scribed as preferred in this text), wherein the one or at least one of the plurality of polyhy-droxy compounds is glycerol.
Further preference is given to the use according to the invention described above of one or more polyhydroxy compounds (or of one or more polyhydroxy compounds described as preferred in this text), as an addition to a polymerizable composition for producing a poly-acrylamide hydrogel and/or to a polyacrylamide hydrogel in a total amount of > 1 mass%, preferably of ≥ 2 mass%, particularly preferably of ≥ mass% and in particular preferably of ≥ 3.5 mass%, relative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition, or in a total amount of from > 1 to ≤ 15 mass%, preferably from ≥ 2 to ≤ 15 mass%, particularly preferably from ≥ 3 to ≤ 15 mass%, very particularly preferably from ≥ 3.5 to ≤ 12 mass% relative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition.
Examples: The following examples are intended to explain and describe the invention in more detail, without however limiting the scope thereof.
Example 1: Production of a polymerizable composition according to the invention A polymerizable composition according to the invention was produced from the constitu- ents given below in table 1, and the constituents were homogenized with one another by intense mechanical mixing.
Table 1: Constituents of a polymerizable composition according to the invention Component Constituent Proportion by mass in the composition [mass%] (A) N-methylolacrylamide 5 - (A) Acrylamide 0 - (B) Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) 7 - (B) Sodium chloride (NaCl) 7 - (C) N,N‘-methylenebisacrylamide 0.01 - 0.
(C) Formaldehyde 0 - 0.4 (D) Ethylene glycol (ethanediol) 0.01 - 0.
(D) Triethanolamine 0.01 - 0.
(E) Glycerol 3 - 7% (F) Water to 100%.
Example 2: Production of fire-retardant glazing according to the invention Example 2a: Production with ready-mixed polymerizable composition An arrangement was provided of two transparent panes made of 5 mm-thick single-pane safety glass (ESG) arranged in parallel at a distance of 12 mm from one another, such that a 12 mm-wide fillable interstice (gap) was formed between the two panes. - 22 - A polymerizable composition according to the invention containing constituents (A) to (F) mentioned in example 1, table 1, was produced and the constituents were intensely me-chanically mixed together. The resulting mixture was then partially degassed in a known way. Directly following the mixing together of the constituents, disodium peroxydisulfate was added to the polymerizable composition according to the invention in amounts cus- tomary for this purpose, and the resulting composition was filed into the interstice of the above-described arrangement of two transparent panes until the interstice was virtually entirely filled.
After the polymerization of the polymerizable composition according to the invention in the interstice of the arrangement of two transparent panes and in contact with these panes (at room temperature), this resulted in fire-retardant glazing according to the invention.
The aforementioned production process was repeated multiple times, the amount of glyc-erol used in the polymerizable composition being varied in the range from 6 to 10 mass% relative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition.
Example 2b: Production with ready-mixed pre-mix An arrangement was provided of two transparent panes as described above in example 2a.
A pre-mix containing (all of) constituents (A) to (D) and (F) mentioned above in example 1, table 1, was produced by mechanically mixing the constituents together and subsequently partially degassing in a known way. Subsequently, this partially degassed pre-mix was in- tensely mechanically mixed, by means of a filler pump system, with glycerol in the amount mentioned in example 1, table 1 (cf. constituent (E)) and with disodium peroxydisulfate as radical initiator in amounts customary for this purpose, and the resulting composition was filled, also by means of the filler pump system, into the interstice of the above-described arrangement until the interstice was virtually entirely filled.
After the polymerization of the polymerizable composition according to the invention in the interstice of the arrangement of two transparent panes and in contact with these panes, this resulted in fire-retardant glazing according to the invention. - 23 - Example 3: Production of further fire-retardant glazing Correspondingly or analogously to the above-described example 2a, samples of further fire-retardant glazing BSV-1 to BSV-4 were produced, the following parameters being var-ied: (i) the content of glycerol in the polymerizable composition used in each case, and (ii) the gel thickness, i.e. the width of the interstice in the arrangement of two transparent panes into which the polymerizable composition was filled. Each fire-retardant glazing produced in this way is given in table 2 below.
Table 2: Further fire-retardant glazing Name Glycerol content [mass%] Gel thickness [mm] Glass type/glass thick- ness BSV-1 20 12 ESG / 5 mm BSV-2 10 15 ESG / 5 mm BSV-3 6 18 ESG / 5 mm BSV-4 6 12 ESG / 5 mm Example 4: Performance of, and results from, exploratory adhesion experiments on fire- retardant glazing under non-fire conditions Exploratory experiments regarding the adhesion of glass or glass shards to polyacrylamide hydrogels were carried out under non-fire conditions. Samples of fire-retardant glazing, as given in table 3 below, were destroyed by mechanical action and subsequently qualitatively studied by visual and manual examination to determine whether, or to what extent, the glass or the resulting glass shards adhered to the destroyed locations of the fire-retardant glazing.
The results of this experiment are given in table 3. - 24 - Table 3: Results of adhesion experiments under non-fire conditions Fire-retardant glazing Assessment of adhe- sion of glass to poly- acrylamide hydrogel Notes BSV-1 Strong adhesion Gel constituents remained firmly ad-hered to the glass itself, even when glass pieces are removed.
BSV-2 Strong adhesion ./.
BSV-3 Strong adhesion ./.
BSV-4 Strong adhesion ./.
Further experiments also investigated whether it was possible to improve the adhesion of glass to a polyacrylamide hydrogel when fire-retardant glazing is (mechanically) destroyed under non-fire conditions by increasing the proportion of supplements (in particular salts of monovalent, divalent and/or trivalent metal cations, component (B)) by up to 25% of the polyacrylamide hydrogel. The results of these further experiments showed that the adhe-sion of glass to a polyacrylamide hydrogel when fire-retardant glazing is (mechanically) destroyed under non-fire conditions is not improved by increasing the proportion of the aforementioned supplements of the polyacrylamide hydrogel, but rather, on the contrary, that this adhesion was even worsened as a result.
Example 5: Adhesion experiment under non-fire conditions to fire-retardant glazing ac-cording to the invention A further experiment regarding the adhesion of glass or glass shards to a polyacrylamide hydrogel under non-fire conditions was carried out, wherein fire-retardant glazing according to the invention of BSV-4 type (for the production thereof, see example 3 above) was tested in a pendulum impact test according to DIN EN 12600: 2003-04. This test was performed on five fire-retardant glazings of BSV-4 type, in each case from drop heights of 190 mm, - 25 - 450 mm and 1200 mm. Breakage of the fire-retardant glazing was not observed in any case.
Subsequently, the glass on one of the fire-retardant glazings according to the invention tested as above was broken using a stop pin, while vertically installed, in order to assess the adhesion of the glass or of the glass shards to the polyacrylamide hydrogel. It was observed here that the resulting small glass shards of the partially (mechanically) destroyed ESG glazing adhered exceptionally to the polyacrylamide hydrogel.
Example 6: Performance of, and results from, fire tests on fire-retardant glazing Fire tests were performed in order to assess the quality of the fire-retardant effect of fire-retardant glazing according to the invention and also to assess the quality of the adhesion of glass or glass shards to polyacrylamide hydrogels according to the invention, under fire conditions.
To this end, fire-retardant glazings of the BSV-1, BSV-2, BSV-3 and BSV-4 type (for the production thereof, see example 3) were checked, in each case following the standards DIN EN 1363-1:2020-05 and DIN EN 1364-1:2015-09 using the standard time-temperature curves (STT).
In accordance with said standards, thermocouples were applied to the pane surfaces, in each case of the side facing away from the fire, of fire-retardant glazing to be assessed. In accordance with the above-named standards, the temperature data determined was rec-orded and subsequently evaluated.
The useful lifetimes given below in table 4 were determined in accordance with, or follow-ing, the above-named standards. In each case, the average temperature from five meas-urement points was used as the basis. The "useful lifetime" retained in each case was the duration, starting from the point in time at which a temperature of 50°C was reached in the interior of the furnace and until an 180 K temperature increase was measured on the side facing away from the fire compared to the temperature on the side facing away from the fire at the start of the fire test. - 26 - Table 4: Results of fire tests Fire-retardant glazing Useful lifetime [min.] Notes BSV-1 No further improvement compared to fire-retard-ant glazing containing polyacrylamide hydrogel with low glycerol content.
BSV-2 55 Minor breakage of gel after 55 min.
BSV-3 76 ./.
BSV-4 40 ./.
Further experiments also investigated whether an increase in the useful life of fire-retardant glazing could also be improved by increasing the proportion of the one or more polymeriz-able monomers of the polymerizable composition (component (A)) of a polyacrylamide hy- drogel. The results of these further experiments showed that the useful life of fire-retardant glazing could not be improved by increasing the proportion of the one or more polymeriza-ble monomers of the polymerizable composition (component (A)) of a polyacrylamide hy-drogel.
Further experiments then additionally investigated whether it was possible to improve the adhesion of glass or glass shards to a polyacrylamide hydrogel of fire-retardant glazing when the fire-retardant glazing is destroyed under fire conditions by increasing the propor-tion of supplements (in particular salts of monovalent, divalent and/or trivalent metal cati-ons, component (B)) of the polyacrylamide hydrogel by up to 25%. The results of these further experiments showed that the adhesion of glass or glass shards to a polyacrylamide hydrogel of fire-retardant glazing when the fire-retardant glazing is destroyed under fire conditions is not improved by increasing the proportion of the aforementioned supplements of the polyacrylamide hydrogel, but rather, on the contrary, that this adhesion was even worsened as a result. - 27 - Example 7: Performing UV-stability experiments on fire-retardant glazing according to the invention In order to determine the influence of UV irradiation on the fire-retardant glazing, an irradi-ation test in accordance with DIN EN 12543-4: 2011-12 (chapter 7.3.1, method A) was carried out on fire-retardant glazing according to the invention of BSV-4 type (for the pro- duction thereof, see example 3 above); however, the duration of the irradiation was > 25hours (instead of 2000 hours as provided for in the aforementioned standard).
Upon conclusion of the irradiation tests, no undesired changes such as delamination, haze or bubble formation were observed on the fire-retardant glazing used for the test.
Example 8: Production of further fire-retardant glazing with ethylene glycol Correspondingly or analogously to the above-described example 2b, three further samples of fire-retardant glazing, denoted BSV-5 to BSV-7, were produced, wherein the partially degassed pre-mix was intensely mechanically mixed, by means of a filler pump system, in each case with ethylene glycol (instead of glycerol) as polyhydroxy compound in the amounts given below in table 5 (cf. constituent (E)) and also with disodium peroxydisulfate as radical initiator in amounts customary for this purpose. The resulting composition was filled into the interstice of an arrangement as described above in example 2a by means of the filler pump system, until virtually completely full.
After the polymerization of the polymerizable compositions in the interstice of the arrange-ment of two transparent panes and in contact with these panes, this resulted in each case in fire-retardant glazing according to the invention. After production, all three fire-retardant glazings BSV-5 to BSV-7 had good transparency.
Further information regarding each fire-retardant glazing according to the invention pro-duced in this way is given in table 5 below.
Table 5: Further fire-retardant glazing BSV-5 to BSV-7 25 Name Ethylene glycol content [mass%] Gel thickness [mm] Glass type/glass thick- ness BSV-5 3.7 12 ESG / 5 mm BSV-6 7.5 12 ESG / 5 mm BSV-7 11.4 12 ESG / 5 mm Example 9: Performance of, and results from, exploratory adhesion experiments on fire-retardant glazing BSV-5 to BSV-7 under non-fire conditions Exploratory experiments regarding the adhesion of glass or glass shards to (cured, see above) polyacrylamide hydrogels were carried out under non-fire conditions, analogously to the aforementioned example 3. To this end, samples of fire-retardant glazing as given below in table 6 were in each case placed vertically and then destroyed by mechanical action (stop pin). The mechanically-destroyed fire-retardant glazing was subsequently qualitatively studied by visual and manual examination to determine whether, or to what extent, the glass or the resulting glass shards adhered to the destroyed locations of the fire-retardant glazing.
The results of this experiment are given in table 6.
Table 6: Results of further adhesion experiments under non-fire conditions Fire-retardant glazing
Claims (18)
1. A polymerizable composition for producing a polyacrylamide hydrogel, comprising (A) one or more polymerizable monomers selected from the group consisting of - unsubstituted acrylamide, - substituted acrylamides, and - mixtures thereof, (B) one or more salts of monovalent, divalent and/or trivalent metal ions, (C) one or more crosslinking aids, (D) one or more polymerization catalysts, (E) in a total amount of > 1 mass%, relative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition, one or more polyhydroxy compounds which each independently have a total number of carbon atoms in the range from 2 to 6, and (F) water.
2. The polymerizable composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein ˗ the substituted acrylamides of component (A) comprise N-methylolacrylamide or consist of N-methylolacrylamide, or component (A) consists of N-methylolacryla-mide, 20 - 32 - and/or ˗ the one or more polymerizable monomers of component (A) are selected from the group consisting of substituted acrylamides and mixtures thereof, wherein preferably the one, or at least one of the plurality of, polymerizable mon-omers of component (A) is N-methylolacrylamide, and/or ˗ component (A) is present in a total amount in the range from 3 to 12 mass%, preferably from 4 to 10 mass%, relative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition.
3. The polymerizable composition as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein ˗ the one or more salts of component (B) comprise or are salts of monovalent and/or divalent metal ions; and/or ˗ the one or more salts of component (B) comprise or are salts of alkali metals and/or alkaline-earth metals, preferably halogen salts, particularly preferably chlorides, of alkali metals or alkaline-earth metals, wherein preferably one, a plurality of, or all salts of component (B) are selected from the group consisting of NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2 and mixtures thereof, and/or ˗ component (B) is present in a total amount in the range from 8 to 35 mass%, preferably from 10 to 30 mass%, particularly preferably from 15 to 25 mass%, relative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition.
4. The polymerizable composition as claimed in one of the preceding claims, - 33 - wherein ˗ one, a plurality of, or all crosslinking aids of component (C) are selected from the group consisting of N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide, formaldehyde and mixtures thereof, wherein preferably the one, or at least one of the plurality of, crosslinking aids of component (C) is N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide; and/or ˗ component (C) is present in a total amount in the range from 0.001 to 1.mass%, preferably from 0.005 to 0.5 mass%, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 0.35 mass%, relative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition.
5. The polymerizable composition as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein ˗ the one, a plurality of, or all polymerization catalysts of component (D) are se-lected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol; diethanolamine, triethanola-mine, N,N,N‘,N‘-tetramethylethylenediamine and mixtures thereof, wherein preferably component (D) comprises or is a mixture of ethylene glycol and triethanolamine; and/or ˗ component (D) is present in a total amount in the range from 0.009 to 1.mass%, preferably from 0.01 to 1 mass%, particularly preferably from 0.015 to 0.5 mass%, relative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition.
6. The polymerizable composition as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the polymerizable composition comprises, as component (E): - 34 - (E) in a total amount of ≥ 2 mass%, preferably ≥ 3 mass% and more preferably ≥ 3.5 mass%, relative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition, one or more polyhydroxy compounds which each independently have a total num-ber of carbon atoms in the range from 2 to 6.
7. The polymerizable composition as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein ˗ the one or more polyhydroxy compounds of component (E) comprise or are one or more polyhydroxy compounds which each independently have a total number of carbon atoms in the range from 3 to 6 and/or each independently have a total number of hydroxyl groups in the range from 2 to 6, wherein preferably the one, a plurality of, or all polyhydroxy compounds of com-ponent (E) are selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, glucose, glycerol and mixtures thereof, wherein further preferably the one, a plurality of, or all polyhydroxy compounds of component (E) are selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, glucose, glycerol and mixtures thereof, wherein particularly preferably the or at least one of the one or more polyhydroxy compounds of component (E) is glycerol, and very particularly preferably com- ponent (E) is glycerol; and/or ˗ component (E), preferably glycerol, is present in a total amount in the range from > 1 to ≤ 12 mass%, preferably from ≥ 1.5 to ≤ 11 mass%, particularly preferably from ≥ 2 to ≤ 7.5 mass%, relative to the total mass of the polymerizable compo- sition, or - 35 - component (E), preferably glycerol, is present in a total amount in the range from > 1 to ≤ 15 mass%, preferably from ≥ 2 to ≤ 15 mass%, particularly preferably from ≥ 3 to ≤ 15 mass%, very particularly preferably from ≥ 3.5 to ≤ 12 mass% relative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition.
8. The polymerizable composition as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein ˗ component (F), water, is present in the polymerizable composition in a total amount needed to reach 100 mass% of the polymerizable composition; and/or ˗ the polymerizable composition has a pH in the range from 5 to 9, preferably in the range from 5.5 to 8.5, particularly preferably in the range from 6 to 8.
9. A polyacrylamide hydrogel produced or producible by polymerization of the polymer-izable parts of a polymerizable composition as claimed in one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Fire-retardant glazing, comprising ˗ an arrangement of at least two panes that are at least partially transparent to visible light and are arranged at a distance from one another, wherein the ar-rangement has at least one interstice between in each case two panes and ˗ in the at least one interstice, a polymerizable composition according to the in-vention, as claimed in one of claims 1 to 8, or a polyacrylamide hydrogel as claimed in claim 9.
11. A process for producing fire-retardant glazing, comprising the steps of P1) providing or producing an arrangement of at least two panes that are at least partially transparent to visible light and are arranged at a distance from one - 36 - another, wherein the arrangement has at least one interstice between in each case two panes, P2) providing or producing a polymerizable composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8, P3) at least partially filling at least one interstice, between in each case two panes of the arrangement provided or produced in step P1), with the polymerizable composition provided or produced in step P2), and P4) polymerizing, or causing to polymerize, the polymerizable parts of the polymerizable composition stated in step P3) in the at least one interstice, between in each case two panes, of the arrangement.
12. The process as claimed in claim 11, wherein a radical initiator is additionally added to the polymerizable composition, preferably after step P3) and/or before or during step P4), preferably a radical initiator selected from the group consisting of ˗ a peroxide-containing compound, preferably selected from the group consisting of dibenzoyl peroxide, a salt of peroxydisulfuric acid and mixtures thereof; ˗ an azo group-containing compound, preferably azobisisobutyronitrile and ˗ riboflavin.
13. The use of a polymerizable composition as claimed in any of claims 1 to 8 or of a polyacrylamide hydrogel as claimed in claim 9, as a fire retardant for fire-retardant glazing and/or in the production of fire-retardant glazing.
14. The use of one or more polyhydroxy compounds as defined in either of claims 1 or 25 - 37 - ˗ as an addition to a polymerizable composition for producing a polyacrylamide hydrogel and/or to a polyacrylamide hydrogel, preferably to a polyacrylamide hydrogel produced or producible from the polymerizable composition, preferably for improving the adhesion of the polyacrylamide hydrogel to a pane, preferably a pane comprising or consisting of mineral glass, of fire-retardant glazing; and/or ˗ for improving the adhesion of a polyacrylamide hydrogel to or on fire-retardant glazing, preferably to or on the surface of a pane, preferably of a pane compris-ing or consisting of silicate glass, of fire-retardant glazing.
15. The use as claimed in claim 14, wherein the one or at least one of the polyhydroxy compounds is glycerol.
16. The use as claimed in either of claims 14 and 15, wherein the one or more polyhy-droxy compounds are used as an addition to a polymerizable composition for pro-ducing a polyacrylamide hydrogel and/or to a polyacrylamide hydrogel, for improving the adhesion of the polyacrylamide hydrogel to a pane, preferably a pane comprising or consisting of mineral glass, of fire-retardant glazing.
17. The use as claimed in either of claims 14 and 15, wherein the one or more polyhy-droxy compounds are used to improve the adhesion of a polyacrylamide hydrogel to or on a pane, preferably a pane comprising or consisting of silicate glass, of fire- retardant glazing.
18. The use as claimed in one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the one or more polyhydroxy compounds are used in a total amount of > 1 mass%, preferably of ≥ 2 mass%, particularly preferably of ≥ mass% and in particular preferably of ≥ 3.5 mass%, relative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition, or - 38 - in a total amount of from > 1 to ≤ 15 mass%, preferably from ≥ 2 to ≤ 15 mass%, particularly preferably from ≥ 3 to ≤ 15 mass%, very particularly preferably from ≥ 3.to ≤ 12 mass% relative to the total mass of the polymerizable composition.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21159826.3A EP4052900A1 (en) | 2021-03-01 | 2021-03-01 | Polymerizable composition for the preparation of a polyacrylamide hydrogel for fire-resistant glazing, corresponding manufacturing methods and uses |
| PCT/EP2022/054938 WO2022184619A1 (en) | 2021-03-01 | 2022-02-28 | Polymerizable composition for producing a polyacrylamide hydrogel for fire-retardant glazing, corresponding production processes and uses |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IL305580A true IL305580A (en) | 2023-10-01 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL305580A IL305580A (en) | 2021-03-01 | 2022-02-28 | Polymerizable composition for producing a polyacrylamide hydrogel for fire-retardant glazing, corresponding production processes and uses |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP4052900A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20230152097A (en) |
| IL (1) | IL305580A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022184619A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3530968A1 (en) * | 1985-08-30 | 1987-03-12 | Ver Glaswerke Gmbh | FIRE RESISTANT GLAZING |
| DE4137593C2 (en) * | 1991-11-15 | 1994-01-20 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Modified, transparent, aqueous alkali silicate solution, process for its preparation and its use for the production of transparent hydrogels |
| DE4435841A1 (en) | 1994-10-07 | 1996-04-11 | Flachglas Ag | Fire protection glass unit |
| GB0006443D0 (en) | 2000-03-18 | 2000-05-10 | Pilkington Plc | Fire resistant glazings |
| DE10237395B4 (en) | 2002-01-24 | 2012-12-20 | C. G. I. International Limited | Process for producing fire-resistant glazing and fire-resistant glazing |
| DE102005018842B4 (en) | 2005-04-22 | 2017-05-11 | Hero-Glas Veredelungs Gmbh | Polymerizable composition for producing a hydrogel, hydrogel and use of the hydrogel |
| DE102006035262A1 (en) | 2006-07-29 | 2008-01-31 | Schott Ag | Fireproof glazing comprising at least plates transparent to visible light with a foamed fireproof filler layer between them useful in production of doors and windows shows long lasting impermeability to UV radiation |
| CN105295742B (en) | 2015-11-18 | 2017-11-03 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院 | Fireproof gum of flame resistant glass and preparation method thereof and composite fireproof glass |
-
2021
- 2021-03-01 EP EP21159826.3A patent/EP4052900A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2022
- 2022-02-28 IL IL305580A patent/IL305580A/en unknown
- 2022-02-28 EP EP22708155.1A patent/EP4301594A1/en active Pending
- 2022-02-28 KR KR1020237032928A patent/KR20230152097A/en unknown
- 2022-02-28 WO PCT/EP2022/054938 patent/WO2022184619A1/en active Application Filing
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EP4301594A1 (en) | 2024-01-10 |
| EP4052900A1 (en) | 2022-09-07 |
| WO2022184619A1 (en) | 2022-09-09 |
| KR20230152097A (en) | 2023-11-02 |
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