IL303324A - Method and device for decomposing water into oxygen and hydrogen - Google Patents

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR WATER DECOMPOSITION INTO OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN C25B 1/04 (2006.01) Technical Field The inventions relate to physical and chemical technologies to produce hydrogen and oxygen, the invention may be used in the field of fuel energy and chemical production.

Background of Invention Industrial methods and devices for water decomposition are known from the background information, for example, those described in the patents of the Russian Federation No. 2506349, 2535304, 2496917, and 2521868. All these technical solutions are characterized by high power consumption and delayed neutralization of hydrogen and oxygen ions.

From the background information we are aware of the technical solution with the use of a device for the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen containing a container made of insulating material and having inlet and outlet water holes, this technical solution was described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2645504. Hydrogen and oxygen electrodes are attached to the outer surfaces of the opposite walls of the container without any gaps, the dielectric constant of which exceeds the dielectric constant of water. The container has holes with neutralization grids of negative and positive potentials.

A thermocouple and a water level sensor are installed inside the container. The container with electrodes is inserted into a closed magnetic circuit containing poles adjacent from the outside to opposite walls not occupied by the electrodes of the container. Meanwhile, one of the poles contains a primary coil, and the second one is a secondary coil, which supplies voltage to the electrodes and neutralization grids through rectifiers and voltage multipliers.

The disadvantage of the known solution is the large power consumption due to the use of the same magnetic circuit for the effect of a magnetic field on water and the use of a high voltage for the plates. The same reason explains the impossibility of separate fine adjustment of the magnetic induction and electric field strength and the low productivity of hydrogen/oxygen.

As we know from the background information sources, there is a technical solution described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 24097 (prototype), this solution reveals a method and device for the dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen. The method includes the effect of an electric field on water or aqueous electrolyte through electrodes located at a distance from each other and further removal of dissociation products, the effect of an electric field on water or aqueous electrolyte is produced with the calculated resonant frequency at harmonics, in relation to which the frequency of natural oscillations of the water molecule is a multiple, and the removal of dissociation products is carried out separately from each even and odd electrodes. Also, there is a description of a device used for the implementation of this method, the device includes a set of parallel electrodes immersed in water or aqueous electrolyte, located at a distance from each other and hydraulically connected to form electrolytic sections, which are combined into an electrical circuit, wherein the set of electrodes is placed between two flat plates, electrically isolated from the electrodes and aqueous electrolyte, connected to the alternator and arranged in parallel with respect to the electrodes with the formation of elementary cells.

The disadvantages of this technical solution are the low efficiency of the water dissociation process due to the fact that the plates connected to the alternating voltage generator are located outside the container with water and the inner metal plates shield the electromagnetic field of the generator, weakening its effect on water, as well as the high recombination of the resulting H + and OH־ and 0־ ions back into water molecules H2O due to the lack of a constant electric field guiding their movement reduces the efficiency of the production of hydrogen H2 and oxygen 02.

Invention disclosure The problem solved by the invention and the achieved technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the productivity and purity of hydrogen and 2 oxygen with simultaneous reduction of the device power consumption, i.e. reduction of energy consumption.

The original problem and accomplishment of the claimed technical result is implemented in a device for the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen, including a water container in which a set of two types of alternating plates is located parallel to each other and electrically connected to each other by types, including metal needle plates made of non-oxidizing metal and metal plates coated with a thin layer of a ferroelectric with a high dielectric constant, to which a constant and alternating voltage is applied, the container has at least two holes for the release of hydrogen and oxygen with metal neutralization grids installed inside, to which a high constant voltage is applied to gather ions and charged particles of H2 and 02 according to their charges, infrared laser LEDs with a wavelength of about 1390 nm are installed in the container, Helmholtz magnetic coils are installed outside on both sides of the container perpendicular to the plates, the reverse magnetic field of which is closed by an ring magnetic circuit made of soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability.

The method of decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen consists of the effect of an electromagnetic field on water which arises by the application of direct and alternating voltage to alternating metal needle plates made of a non-oxidizing metal and metal plates located parallel to each other, coated with a thin layer of a ferroelectric with a high dielectric constant, with the simultaneous effect of an orthogonal alternating magnetic field coming from Helmholtz coils located perpendicular to the plates, irradiation of water with infrared radiation with a resonant length of about 1390 nm and attraction of the produced ions and charged particles of H2 and 02 by application of high-voltage exceeding the forces of surface tension of water to the metal grids located in front of the outlet holes. The removal of produced products is carried out through separate channels.

Plates in a specific embodiment can be coated with any ferroelectric with a high dielectric constant 100<؛, for example, PZT-5A or barium titanate. The 3 coating of plates with a ferroelectric makes it possible to exclude the flow of direct current through the water while maintaining the effect on the water of an alternating electromagnetic field and preserving the opportunity for a significant reduction in power consumption. Only reactive displacement currents affect the water.

At the same time, the water in the container is affected by pulses of an orthogonal alternating magnetic field coming from Helmholtz coils. The direction of the magnetic field strength vector is perpendicular to the electric field strength vector, which provides the best conditions for water molecules’ fragmentation. At the same time, the Lorentz force affects the dipoles of water, forcing the water molecules to oscillate, as a result, the strength of hydrogen bonds in the molecules decreases, and at a certain amplitude of the magnetic induction pulse, the water molecules break first into H+ and OH־ ions, and then OH־ ions break into 0־ and H+. The formed ions are immediately attracted, according to their charges, to the plates under the effect of the direct component of the voltage on the plates. The frequency of the alternating magnetic field should be a multiple of the frequency of the alternating voltage on all plates to provide resonance conditions. The backscatter radiation of the Helmholtz coils is condensed in a ring magnetic circuit and directed to a container with water, increasing the total magnetic field strength in the water. A capacitor connected in parallel with Helmholtz coils forms an oscillatory circuit with a frequency that is a multiple of the frequency of the alternating voltage on the plates/ contributes to a significant reduction of the Helmholtz coils’ power consumption. Fine adjustment of this oscillatory circuit leads to gas maximum formation rate. The excitation of self-oscillations in this oscillatory circuit is carried out with the use of a pulse generator.

The plate set is a set containing at least two plates - one metal needle plate and one metal plate coated with a thin layer of ferroelectric with a high dielectric constant. The number of such sets in the device is not limited. 4 The minimum number of holes for the extraction of H2 and 02 is two. At the same time, the number of outlets is not limited. The number of outlets in the device-specific embodiment corresponds to the number of plates used in the device.

Metal neutralization grids located above the water level near the gas outlets, to which a high constant voltage is applied, attract oppositely charged ions, supplying them with electrons and thereby converting them into H2 and atoms. The impact on the ions of a constant electric field exceeds the surface tension forces of water, facilitating the release of ions from the water and increasing the efficiency of the entire process.

An extra technical effect is the improved purification of the resulting gases, since all ions and particles of H2 and 02 are attracted to the grids according to their charges, and foreign ions are repelled, that is, not a single ion or oxygen atom will enter the hydrogen outlet and vice versa.

The water container may be equipped with an extra inlet and outlet for water supply and discharge, however, water may be added to the device in any possible way.

Laser infrared LEDs with a wavelength of about 1390 nm are mounted in the water container. Irradiation of water with infrared radiation with a wavelength that is a multiple of the resonance of water increases the energy of water molecules and facilitates the splitting of water molecules into H2 and 02 by an average of 40%.

To increase the quantitative yield of H2 and 02, the number of plates in the container, as well as the dimensions of the plates and the container, may be increased. To do this, the gas outlets of all cells shall be combined according to their purpose, and water shall be also filled from a common source.

In the device, you may use ordinary tap water, since its electrical conductivity does not play a big role, as the device is free from conduction currents.

Brief description of drawings A specific embodiment of the invention, without limitation on the scope of original claims, is disclosed in the presented figures. 5 Fig. 1 - Schematic representation of the device in two projections relative to the A-A axis with the specification of the following items: 1. Water container, 2. holes for hydrogen and oxygen extraction, 3. plates coated with ferroelectric 4, 4. Ferroelectric on plates, . needle plates, 6. laser infrared LEDs with a wavelength of 1390 nm, 7. metal grids, 8. baffles between plates below the water level, 9. Helmholtz coils, . ring magnetic circuit. 11. cavities above the plates for gas collection.

Fig. 2 - the electrical circuit of the device with the specification of the following items: 12 - auxiliary transformer, 13 -constant high voltage generator, 14 - alternating voltage generator used for plates, - generator of the oscillatory circuit excitation, 16 - DC source for infrared laser LED power supply. 17 - capacitor of the oscillatory circuit of the Helmholtz coils, Fig. 3 - The waveform of the voltage on the plates, where the T-axis represents time, and the U-axis represents the voltage on the plates. The value of the direct voltage across the plates is indicated as U=, and the value of the alternating modulating voltage is indicated as LL.

Invention embodiment 6 Figure 1 shows a specific embodiment of the claimed device for the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen, including a water container 1, in which alternating plates are located parallel to each other - metal needle plates made of non-oxidizing metal 5 and metal plates 3 coated with a thin layer of ferroelectric 4 with high dielectric permeability 100<؛, and plates of the same type are electrically connected to each other. The direct voltage to the plates is applied from generator 13 and the alternating voltage -from generator through transformer 12. The container has holes 2 for the release of hydrogen and oxygen with metal grids 7 installed inside, to which a high constant voltage is applied from the generator 13. The cavities 11 for gas collection are separated from each other by gas-tight baffles 8, the lower edge of which is below the water level in the container. Laser infrared LEDs 6 are installed on the bottom of container 1, they are powered by a direct current source 16. Helmholtz magnetic coils 9 are installed outside, on both sides of the container, the reverse magnetic field of the coils is closed by a ring magnetic circuit 10 made of soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability.

A direct voltage applied to pairwise connected needle plates 5 and plates 3, coated with ferroelectric 4, together with infrared irradiation from laser infrared LEDs 6, destroys the molecular clusters of water poured into container 1 above the level of the baffles 8, and the dipole water molecules line up towards the plates according to their charges: the negative charge of the dipole is directed to the positive plate, and the positive charge is directed to the negative plate.

Needle plate 5 creates an additional field strength gradient, which makes it possible to achieve the effect of the destruction of water molecular clusters at a much lower voltage compared to flat plates. An alternating voltage with a frequency that is a multiple of the frequency of vibrations of water molecules, applied to the same plates 3-5, leads to the decomposition of water molecules into H+ and 0־ ions at relatively small amplitudes of impact on water due to the resonance of water molecules. The generated ions are being attracted to plates 3-5 with opposite charges, excluding their random reverse recombination into 7 H20 water molecules. On the plates, the ions receive the missing electrons, turn into atoms and molecules, and rise to the top, where they are attracted by grid located at the gas outlet 2, due to the direct high voltage, which exceeds the total constant and alternating amplitude voltage on the plates, and the surface tension force of water. The ions that have not received the missing electrons from the plates (for example, from the plates coated with a ferroelectric) are attracted by the grid potential, such ions receive electrons from the grids and turn into atoms and molecules.

To enhance the effect, the water in tank 1 is illuminated by infrared laser light- emitting diodes 6 with a wavelength of about 1390 nm, which results in the increase of the total energy of vibrations of water molecules at a frequency that is a multiple of the resonant frequency of water and facilitation of the water molecules splitting into their constituent elements hydrogen and oxygen by an average of 40 %.

All listed impacts on water create a synergistic effect, supporting and reinforcing each other.

The additional technical result of the invention consists in the endothermic nature of the process of water decomposition by electromagnetic pulses, during which the temperature of the water in the container decreases, in contrast to direct current electrolysis, during which a significant part of the electricity is spent on the heating of the water. A small compensation for the endothermicity of the process is ■provided by the irradiation of the treated water with infrared radiation, which causes an increase in the temperature of the water. As a result, by adjusting the ratio of the power of infrared radiation and electromagnetic fields affecting the water, the water temperature may be kept constant or may be adjusted in the right direction.

The results obtained on an experimental pilot small-sized installation are presented in the table, the obtained results support the effectiveness of the described method and device. Since the exposure frequency, distances between 8 the plates, and design details represent technical know-how, they are not disclosed for obvious reasons.

A laboratory model with a water volume of 3.2 liters was assembled for experimental testing of the claimed device. Two plates are immersed in water, one of which is coated with the PZT-19 ferroelectric on both sides, and the second one has needles on one side, and the needles are directed toward the other plate. Two holes for the release of hydrogen and oxygen and a plastic baffle that falls below the water level are located above the container plates. The separated hydrogen is fed through a tube to a backfire protection device, then to a gas volume meter. Oxygen is being discharged through the tube into the ventilation hole, it was not considered in the measurements.

The pulse shape was measured with an AKIP-4131/1 oscilloscope. The total power consumption was measured with a Sintimer electric power meter, and the power for individual water effects was calculated according to the voltage and current readings of a ZT-219 multimeter.

Initially, we checked the effect of individual factors on the water dissociation: the effect of magnetic pulses, the direct and alternating voltage on the plates, infrared irradiation of water, and voltage on neutralization grids. The measured data were entered into a table. As a result, we can conclude that the degree of influence of the individual listed factors is insignificant even at the level of measurement error.

Then, we tested combinations of various factors, for example, the total DC and AC voltage on the plates (Trial No. 6), and DC and AC voltage on the plates at high DC voltage on the grids (Trial No. 7). In Trial No. 8, the effect of magnetic field pulses was added to the listed factors, and in Trial No. 9, the impact of infrared irradiation of the water area between the plates was additionally included in the testing procedure. 9 The results of the trials confirm the synergistic effect of the combined effect of all the listed factors on the water - the maximum hydrogen yield was obtained precisely with the simultaneous effect of all the listed factors.

Trial No. 10 was carried out with the maximum possible parameters of the equipment used, its results show that with an increase in the degree of impact of these factors on water, the dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen increases. This opens the way to increase the power of the hydrogen generator with the same dimensions as the water container.

Tti number DC voltage on the plates AC voltage on the plates magnetic field Infrared field voltage on thegnds IQ yield mil/rnin Tota power consumption, w4tt$ 1 30 94,00 30 2 7 68,00 7 3 26 102,00 26 4 9 6,00 9 5 5 8,00 5 6 28 7 204,00 35 7 27 6 4 280,50 37 8 27 6 25 4 433,50 62 9 26 6 25 8 4 1020,00 69 10 30 10 30 10 5 1270,00 85

Claims (5)

Appealed Claim

1. The method of decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen consists ofthe effect of an electromagnetic field on water which arises by the application ofdirect and alternating voltage to alternating metal needle plates made of a non-oxidizing metal and metal plates located parallel to each other, coated with a thin layer of a ferroelectric with a high dielectric constant, with the simultaneous effect of an orthogonal alternating magnetic field coming from Helmholtz coils located perpendicular to the plates, irradiation of water with infrared radiation with a resonant length of about 1390 nm and application of high-voltage exceeding the forces of surface tension of water to the metal grids located in front of the outlet holes.

2. The method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the removal of water decomposition products is carried out through separate outlets.

3. A device for decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen, including a water container, in which a set of two types of alternating plates is installed, the plates are located parallel to each other, including metal needle plates made of a non-oxidizing metal and metal plates coated with a thin layer of a ferroelectric with a high dielectric constant, meanwhile the plates are electrically connected to each other for application of direct and alternating voltage, the container has at least two holes for the release of hydrogen and oxygen above the plates with the corresponding charge with metal grids installed inside, metal grids are made with the possibility of application of a direct high voltage for collection ofions and charged particles H2 and 02 according to their charge polarities, laser infrared LEDs with a wavelength of about 1390 nm are installed in the container, Helmholtz magnetic coils are installed outside on both sides of the container perpendicular to the plates, the reverse magnetic field ofthe coils is closed by an ring magnetic circuit made of a soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability.

4. The device according to claim 3, is characterized in that the number ofholes for the release ofhydrogen and oxygen corresponds to the number ofmetal needle plates made ofnon-oxidizing metal and metal plates coated with a thin layer offerroelectric.

5. The device according to claim 3, is characterized in that a ferroeleectric with a high dielectric constant ^>100 is used. Abstract The inventions relate to physical and chemical technologies to produce hydrogen and oxygen, the invention may be used in the field offuel energy and chemical production. The problem solved by the invention and the achieved technical result ofthe claimed invention is to increase the productivity and purity of hydrogen and oxygen with simultaneous reduction of the device power consumption, i.e. reduction of energy consumption. The original problem and accomplishment of the claimed technical result is implemented in a device for the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen, including a water container in which a set oftwo types of alternating plates is located parallel to each other, including metal needle plates made of non-oxidizing metal and metal plates coated with a thin layer of a ferroelectric with a high dielectric constant, to which a constant and alternating voltage is applied, the container has at least two holes for the release of hydrogen and oxygen with metal neutralization grids installed inside, to which a high constant voltage is applied to gather ions and charged particles of H2 and 02 according to their charges, infrared laser LEDs with a wavelength of about 1390 nm are installed in the container, Helmholtz magnetic coils are installed outside on both sides ofthe container perpendicularto the plates, the reverse magnetic field of which is closed by an ring magnetic circuit made of soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability. The method of decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen is implemented in the specified device by the effect of an electromagnetic field on the water generated by the application of direct and alternating voltage to the above plates, with the simultaneous effect ofthe orthogonal alternating magnetic field originated by the Helmholtz coils, irradiation of water with infrared radiation with a resonant length of about 1390 nm and application of a direct high voltage exceeding the forces of the surface tension of water to the metal grids located in front ofthe outlet holes. 14