IL298773B1 - Method for operating a submarine with a fuel cell and a hydrogen store - Google Patents

Method for operating a submarine with a fuel cell and a hydrogen store

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Publication number
IL298773B1
IL298773B1 IL298773A IL29877322A IL298773B1 IL 298773 B1 IL298773 B1 IL 298773B1 IL 298773 A IL298773 A IL 298773A IL 29877322 A IL29877322 A IL 29877322A IL 298773 B1 IL298773 B1 IL 298773B1
Authority
IL
Israel
Prior art keywords
pressure
reservoir
fuel cell
kpa
hydrogen
Prior art date
Application number
IL298773A
Other languages
Hebrew (he)
Other versions
IL298773A (en
Original Assignee
Thyssenkrupp Marine Sys Gmbh
Thyssenkrupp Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thyssenkrupp Marine Sys Gmbh, Thyssenkrupp Ag filed Critical Thyssenkrupp Marine Sys Gmbh
Publication of IL298773A publication Critical patent/IL298773A/en
Publication of IL298773B1 publication Critical patent/IL298773B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04231—Purging of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04425—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Description

thyssenkrupp Marine Systems GmbHthyssenkrupp AG200021P10WO21.05.2021 Method for Operating a Submarine with a Fuel Cell and a Hydrogen Store The invention relates to a method for increasing the submerged range of a submarine which works with a fuel cell and a hydrogen reservoir.
The use of fuel cells in a submarine is different from practically any other use of fuel cells. Since the fuel cell is used to generate energy in the submerged state, there is no air from which oxygen can be extracted, no ambient air to which residual gases can be easily released, the ambient pressure in a submarine fluctuates and the range is important, i.e. the distance that the submarine can travel submerged with one tank of fuel.
From EP 2,840,636 A1 a fuel cell with circulation operation is known, in which inert gas removal takes place.
From WO 2010/056829 A2, a method for separating components from a gas flow is known.
From EP 2,687,282 A1 a method for separating hydrogen from a hydrogen-containing gas mixture in a membrane with high flushing gas pressure is known.
From US 2007/0065711 A1, a fuel cell module with a water separator is known.
From DE 696 02 805 T2, a fuel cell with a gas-liquid mixture unit and a gas-liquid separation device is known.
From DE 43 18 818 C2, a device for providing process air for the operation of air-breathing fuel cell systems is known.
From DE 603 13 309 T2, a fuel cell system with a humidifier and a gas-liquid separator is known.
From AT 501 963 A1, a fuel cell system with a recirculation device is known. thyssenkrupp Marine Systems GmbHthyssenkrupp AG200021P10WO21.05.2021 From WO 2005/064730 A2, a fuel cell with a recirculation circuit is known.
From JP 2000-58092 A, a fuel cell system with water injection and humidifiers is known.
From CN 102 569 851 A1, a quick coupling device is known.
From US 2004/0043724 A1, a fuel cell system with modules is known.
From US 2013/0280635 A1, a modular fuel cell system is known.
From US 4,976,162, a fuel cell with means for the removal of product water is known.
From US 2012/0135326 A1, a fuel cell with a distribution pipe is known.
From DE 10 2004 004624 B3, a submarine fuel cell device of a modular design is known.
From DE 10 2014 219164 A1, a fuel cell stack is known.
From DE 198 22 697 C1, a fuel cell system with connections for a gas source and electrical connections is known.
From DE 10 2007 051311 A1, a fuel tank with at least one interface for a fuel cell module is known, wherein the interface enables detachable coupling.
From DE 10 2011 100 534 A1, a method for operating a reformer fuel cell plant is known.
The object of the invention is to maximize the range with a predetermined amount of hydrogen for a submarine with a fuel cell. thyssenkrupp Marine Systems GmbHthyssenkrupp AG200021P10WO21.05.2021 This object is achieved by the method having the features specified in claim 1 .Advantageous developments result from the subclaims, the following description and the drawings.
The method according to the invention is used to operate a submarine with a fuel cell and a hydrogen reservoir and a pressure regulator between the hydrogen reservoir and the fuel cell. The method has of the following steps:- Specification of a first pressure for the anode side of the fuel cell, wherein the first pressure is designed as the ideal value for normal operation,- Specification of a second pressure for the anode side of the fuel cell, wherein the second pressure is the minimum pressure,- Detection of a reservoir pressure with which hydrogen is applied by the hydrogen reservoir to the pressure regulator,- Selection of a working pressure depending on the reservoir pressure, which is applied to the anode side of the fuel cell and is adjusted by the pressure regulator.The working pressure is selected depending on the reservoir pressure as well as the first pressure and the second pressure .
The ideal value is a default value, which should be set for optimal stationary operation without external restrictions. This ideal value results, for example, from the optimization with regard to durability, generated amount of electrical energy and efficiency. The aim would therefore be to operate the fuel cell at a pressure corresponding to the ideal value during normal operation.
The minimum pressure is the pressure below which the fuel cell is switched off. If the pressure provided by the hydrogen reservoir is not sufficient to reach the minimum pressure in the fuel cell, the fuel cell is switched off. In this case, the submarine must first be refueled with hydrogen before the fuel cell can be put back into operation.
The aim is to bring together various conflicting optimizations. On the one hand, it is desirable to work with a high pressure, since the efficiency of the fuel cell is high especially at high partial pressure on the anode side and the cathode side, whereas on the other thyssenkrupp Marine Systems GmbHthyssenkrupp AG200021P10WO21.05.2021 hand the mechanical load on the membrane is reduced by the low to zero pressure difference. Furthermore, it is desirable to operate the fuel cell with very low pressure, since then the most comprehensive emptying of the hydrogen supply is possible and thus more hydrogen is available for energy generation, thus increasing the range. Furthermore, it must be taken into account that constant conditions for the operation of the fuel cell are preferred, including for its service life.
Therefore, it has been shown that the selection of the first pressure and the second pressure as well as the regulation of the working pressure between the first pressure and the second pressure depending on the reservoir pressure leads to a maximum range of a submarine. In this case, in normal operation, the working pressure is maintained at the level of the first pressure, for example by the pressure regulator or a control device controlling the pressure regulator, as long as the reservoir pressure is high enough to maintain the working pressure at the level of the first pressure. Due to the pressure loss which results in a pressure regulator, the reservoir pressure must be correspondingly higher than the first pressure. When the reservoir is emptied to such an extent that the reservoir pressure drops below the first pressure but is still above the second pressure, the working pressure is reduced to a range between the first pressure and the second pressure. The reduction can, for example, take place continuously and, for example, can follow the drop in the reservoir pressure. The reduction of the working pressure can alternatively also be carried out in stages or, in a further alternative, in one step to a pressure just above the second pressure. It is essential that the fuel cell is operated at optimum pressure for as long as possible and then to enable the hydrogen reservoir to be emptied as far as possible by continuing to work at lower pressure and thus to achieve the maximum range by combining these two operating ranges.
It is essential that the pressure supplied by a hydrogen reservoir system usually depends on the fill level. For pressure reservoirs, the relationship is almost linear, but for metal hydride reservoirs systems, a different dependence can also be identified. This distinguishes a hydrogen reservoir from a hydrogen generator, for example a reformer, wherein this provides a more or less constant pressure practically independent of the level of the stock of reagent for the generation of hydrogen but has at least a thyssenkrupp Marine Systems GmbHthyssenkrupp AG200021P10WO21.05.2021 predetermined minimum pressure for operation . This also applies if, for example, a buffer is installed downstream of the reformer. Such a buffer is to be distinguished from a hydrogen reservoir according to the invention.
In order to optimize the range and also to keep the acoustic signature as low as possible, a compressor is dispensed with. Thus, the working pressure cannot be higher than the reservoir pressure. With a compressor, the working pressure would of course be able to be selected completely independently of the reservoir pressure. The reservoir is also not filled by a reformer or other hydrogen generator during the submarine's voyage, so that the reservoir pressure decreases over the operating time. The reservoir is refilled by refueling from the outside.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the pressure is not increased between the hydrogen reservoir and the fuel cell. Thus, no compressor or comparable device is used in order to avoid noise emissions.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the hydrogen is taken exclusively from the hydrogen reservoir and not produced by a reformer. Especially with small submarines, it is advantageous to dispense with a reformer arranged inside the pressure hull and to store the hydrogen exclusively in reservoirs outside the pressure hull. These can be in particular metal hydride reservoirs, compressed air reservoirs or reservoirs for liquid hydrogen. Metal hydride reservoir systems have been shown to be suitable. A reformer is fundamentally different from a hydrogen reservoir in terms of the hydrogen pressure provided. As long as the starting material for the reformer, such as methanol, is available, the reformer provides the hydrogen at virtually constant pressure. This eliminates pressure dependence as a function of the residual amount of hydrogen available.
A hydrogen reservoir system for the purposes of the invention can thus only be topped up by a refueling process.
In another embodiment, the hydrogen reservoir is a metal hydride reservoir. thyssenkrupp Marine Systems GmbHthyssenkrupp AG200021P10WO21.05.2021 In a further embodiment of the invention, the working pressure is selected at the level of the first pressure or if this is not possible as close to the first pressure as is possible due to the reservoir pressure.
In a further embodiment of the invention, a difference of at least 5 kPa, preferably of at least 10 kPa, more preferably of at least 20 kPa, is maintained between the reservoir pressure and the working pressure. This pressure difference ensures that the slightly lower working pressure can be adjusted and maintained well. Pressure fluctuations of the reservoir system therefore have no direct effect on the fuel cell.
The applied pressure at the inlet of the pressure regulator can be used as the value for the reservoir pressure. Since the quantities are proportionally coupled due to the pressure loss via the supply line, the applied pressure at the inlet of the pressure regulator is a measure of the reservoir pressure.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the first pressure is selected between 250 kPa and 400 kPa. This pressure range has proven to be ideal for operation aboard a submarine.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the second pressure is selected between 2kPa and 50 kPa, preferably between 170 kPa and 120 kPa. This limit has proven to be the optimum between maximizing the range and energy yield (due to insufficient material conversion at insufficient pressure).
In a further embodiment of the invention, an operating state is taken into account as further information in the method step of selecting a working pressure, wherein the operating state is selected from the list containing flushing, start-up, normal operation and shutdown.
The flushing mode may be aimed at discharging inert gas and/or water. For this purpose, the pressure inside the fuel cell is raised for a short time and a suitable valve is opened for a short time. The pressure can be raised to a value above the first pressure. The fuel thyssenkrupp Marine Systems GmbHthyssenkrupp AG200021P10WO21.05.2021 cell then returns to the normal pressure range. This can happen either by hydrogen and oxygen being converted and the pressure dropping, or by the valve being open until the pressure has dropped. Subsequently, the operating mode can be switched to normal operation. In this context, for a short time means as short as possible. The increased pressure should put as little strain as possible on the fuel cell and, above all, on the membrane. The period for this is therefore specified in particular by closed loop and open loop control parameters and should be kept as short as possible.
Start-up and shutdown are more frequent in a submarine, as several stacks are usually operated with a plurality of fuel cells each. The number of stacks in operation can depend on the energy requirements of the submarine and is subject to large fluctuations in this case. For this reason, individual stacks are regularly put into operation, i.e. started up when the energy demand increases, or taken out of operation, i.e. switched off, when the energy demand decreases.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the working pressure is first selected below the second pressure in the startup operating state and then the working pressure is increased until the working pressure selected for normal operation is reached. Particularly preferably, the working pressure is selected above the first pressure for a short time, whereby increased conversion and thus heating takes place for a short time, so that the fuel cell passes into the steady state faster. Since the working pressure is initially selected below the second pressure, a start-up is always possible in the same way regardless of the level of the hydrogen reservoir and thus the reservoir pressure. Initially means in this context that this process is started with the corresponding parameters, in particular pressure, but then the parameter, in particular the pressure, is changed in the course of the process, i.e. subsequently.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the working pressure is selected below the second pressure in the shutdown operating state. However, the pressure is different from zero, so that a certain small amount of hydrogen is still provided. As a result, the supply of hydrogen is not immediately reduced to zero. For example, this working pressure is maintained until the fuel cell has reached a specified minimum current value, for example thyssenkrupp Marine Systems GmbHthyssenkrupp AG200021P10WO21.05.2021 zero amperes. Subsequently, the fuel cell is taken out of operation. For example, the gas supply lines are closed.
In a further embodiment of the invention, a third pressure is selected as the working pressure in the flushing operating state, wherein the third pressure corresponds to 1.times to 2.5 times the first pressure.
In a further embodiment of the invention, a submarine with a second hydrogen reservoir is selected, wherein the second hydrogen reservoir is a high-pressure hydrogen reservoir. For example, the high-pressure hydrogen reservoir is a compressed gas cylinder with a pressure of 10 MPa to 40 MPA. It can be a commercially available compressed gas cylinder. This requires only a small volume, since this hydrogen is preferably only used to ensure the increase of the working pressure during flushing regardless of the level of the hydrogen reservoir.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the cathode working pressure is selected equal to the working pressure of the anode side, wherein a tolerance of a maximum of ± kPa, preferably of a maximum of ± 10 kPa, more preferably of ± 5 kPa, is specified. Due to the small pressure difference, mechanical stress on the diaphragm is reduced or even completely avoided.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the hydrogen reservoir is a metal hydride reservoir. The hydrogen is securely bound in the metal hydride. In the application in the submarine field, the weight disadvantage of this reservoir technology is less relevant due to the displacement by the reservoir itself.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the fuel cell is switched off as soon as the reservoir pressure is no longer sufficient to adjust the pressure in the fuel cell to at least the second pressure.
According to the invention, the hydrogen reservoir and the fuel cell are connected via a pressure regulator. The method according to the invention is used to operate a submarine thyssenkrupp Marine Systems GmbHthyssenkrupp AG200021P10WO21.05.2021 which carries hydrogen in a hydrogen reservoir, where the pressure is a function of the filling level. For submarines with a reformer for the generation of hydrogen, other methods are preferred. Therefore, a submarine for carrying out the method preferably does not have a reformer.
In a further aspect, the invention relates to a submarine with a hydrogen reservoir, a pressure regulator and a fuel cell and a control device for carrying out the method according to the invention.
The method according to the invention is explained below in more detail on the basis of an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawings.
Fig. 1 diagram of the methodFig. 2 diagram during startupFig. 3 diagram during flushing In fig. 1 the relationship of the pressures is shown schematically. A parameter correlated to the level F of the hydrogen reservoir is plotted on the abscissa. This is chosen by way of example so that the reservoir pressure ps is linearly correlated, as shown. The real profile can be different, which would only lead to a corresponding change in the graphic plot. The pressure is indicated on the ordinate.
A first pressure p1 is specified, which represents the ideal value for normal operation for the anode side of the fuel cell. Furthermore, a second pressure p2 is specified, which represents a minimum pressure for the operation of the anode side of the fuel cell. These two specified pressures are time-independent and also have no correlation, for example, to the filling level F. Therefore, these appear as horizontal lines. For example, let p1 be 250 kPa and p2 150 kPa.
If the reservoir pressure ps is significantly higher than the first pressure p1, the working pressure pa can be selected and adjusted to the ideal value p1. Only when the reservoir pressure ps approaches the first pressure p1, must the working pressure pa be adjusted. thyssenkrupp Marine Systems GmbHthyssenkrupp AG200021P10WO21.05.2021 If, for example, we assume that a pressure difference Δp of 20 kPa to the reservoir pressure ps is necessary for a controlled and stable adjustment of the working pressure pa, the working pressure is reduced as soon as the reservoir pressure ps falls below 2kPa in the case shown. Then the working pressure is selected below the reservoir pressure by Δp = 20 kPa until the working pressure reaches the limit of the second pressure p2 of 150 kPa in this case. From this point on, the hydrogen is no longer sufficient, and the fuel cell is switched off. In this example, the reservoir pressure is 1kPa.
In fig. 2 the start-up operating state is shown as an example. The time t is plotted on the abscissa. The working pressure pa is first selected at the level below the second pressure p2, for example at the level of 50 kPA. Since the hydrogen reservoir is not operated down to a pressure lower than p2, this pressure is safely available. Provided that the reservoir pressure ps is sufficiently high, the working pressure pa is rapidly increased, even beyond the first pressure p1, for example to a maximum pressure of 350 kPa. As a result, the fuel cell can be operated at higher loads, and thus faster heating of the fuel cell can be achieved. Subsequently, the working pressure pa is reduced to the first pressure p1.
In fig. 3 the flushing operating state is further shown as an example. The working pressure pa is increased for a short time, for example to 350 kPa. By opening an outlet valve, for example to discharge inert gas, the pressure suddenly drops slightly. Furthermore, the pressure decreases further due to the conversion of hydrogen at the anode until it has again reached the ideal value of the first pressure, 250 kPa in the example shown.

Claims (13)

  1. 0291417045- Claims 1. A method for operating a submarine with a fuel cell and a hydrogen reservoir and a pressure regulator between the hydrogen reservoir and the fuel cell, wherein the method has the following steps: - specification of a first pressure p1 for the anode side of the fuel cell, wherein the first pressure p1 is designed as the ideal value for normal operation, - specification of a second pressure p2 for the anode side of the fuel cell, wherein the second pressure p2 is the minimum pressure, - detection of a reservoir pressure pS, with which hydrogen is applied by the hydrogen reservoir to the pressure regulator, - selection of a working pressure pA depending on the reservoir pressure pS, which is applied to the anode side of the fuel cell and is adjusted by the pressure regulator, wherein: the working pressure pA is selected depending on the reservoir pressure pS as well as the first pressure p1 and the second pressure p2; the pressure is not increased between the hydrogen reservoir and the fuel cell; and the hydrogen is taken from the hydrogen reservoir and is not generated by a reformer.
  2. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the working pressure pA is selected at the level of the first pressure p1 or if this is not possible as close to the first pressure p1 as possible due to the reservoir pressure pS.
  3. 3. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a difference of at least 5 kPa, preferably of at least 10 kPa, more preferably of at least 20 kPa, is maintained between the reservoir pressure pS and the working pressure pA. 0291417045-
  4. 4. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first pressure p1 is selected between 250 kPa and 400 kPa.
  5. 5. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second pressure p2 is selected between 200 kPa and 50 kPa, preferably between 170 kPa and 120 kPa.
  6. 6. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the selecting a working pressure pA step of the method, an operating state is taken into account as further information, wherein the operating state is selected from the list containing flushing, start-up, normal operation and shutdown.
  7. 7. The method as claimed in claim 4 , characterized in that in the start-up operating state, the working pressure pA is first selected below the second pressure p2 and then increased until the working pressure pA selected for normal operation is reached.
  8. 8. The method as claimed in claim 5 , characterized in that the working pressure pA is selected above the first pressure p1 for a short time in the start-up operating state.
  9. 9. The method as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the working pressure pA is selected below the second pressure p2 in the shutdown operating state.
  10. 10. The method as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that a third pressure is selected as the working pressure pA in the flushing operating state, wherein the third pressure corresponds to 1.2 times to 2.5 times the first pressure p1.
  11. 11. The method as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that a submarine with a second hydrogen reservoir is selected, wherein the second hydrogen reservoir is a high-pressure hydrogen reservoir.
  12. 12. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cathode working pressure is selected equal to the working pressure pA of the 0291417045- anode side, wherein a tolerance of a maximum of ± 20 kPa, preferably of a maximum of ± 10 kPa, more preferably of ± 5 kPa, is specified.
  13. 13. A Submarine with a hydrogen reservoir, a pressure regulator and a fuel cell and a control device for carrying out the method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
IL298773A 2020-06-08 2021-05-21 Method for operating a submarine with a fuel cell and a hydrogen store IL298773B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020207137.3A DE102020207137B4 (en) 2020-06-08 2020-06-08 Method for operating a submarine with a fuel cell and a hydrogen storage device
PCT/EP2021/063667 WO2021249750A1 (en) 2020-06-08 2021-05-21 Method for operating a submarine with a fuel cell and a hydrogen store

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
IL298773A IL298773A (en) 2023-02-01
IL298773B1 true IL298773B1 (en) 2024-03-01

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IL298773A IL298773B1 (en) 2020-06-08 2021-05-21 Method for operating a submarine with a fuel cell and a hydrogen store

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4162553A1 (en)
KR (1) KR20230004835A (en)
DE (1) DE102020207137B4 (en)
IL (1) IL298773B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2021249750A1 (en)

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