IL294946A

IL294946A - A print head module and printer

Info

Publication number: IL294946A
Application number: IL294946A
Authority: IL
Inventors: Rijfers Andries; Antonius Maria Brouwers Leonardus; Hendrikus Willebrordus Verhoeven Godefridus; Benedictus Hoppenbrouwers Marcus
Original assignee: Tno; Rijfers Andries; Antonius Maria Brouwers Leonardus; Hendrikus Willebrordus Verhoeven Godefridus; Benedictus Hoppenbrouwers Marcus
Priority date: 2020-02-03
Filing date: 2021-02-03
Publication date: 2022-09-01
Also published as: EP4100237A1; WO2021158102A1; JP2023519477A; US20230339178A1; EP3858582A1

Description

Title: A print head module and printer The invention is directed at a print head module for an extrusion 5 print head, and further to an extrusion printer.

Extrusion printing is a promising, material extrusion type additive manufacturing technique. In extrusion printing, an object is built by selectively depositing material in a pre-determined path layer-by-layer. Different types of material may be applied, such as molten polymers or metals, or other liquid building materials. Extrusion printing is also 10 suitable for printing material suspensions, for example for printing food or medicines.

In a range of different fields of application, for example in food or medicine printing as referred to above, printing of objects is performed in 15 large quantities. In particular where objects are small, such as in printing of pills for medicine, a print head with a large density of nozzles is desired. This already is challenging to achieve, because all nozzles need to be operable individually. Additionally, the pressure drops over the supply lines needs to be the same for all nozzles to prevent differences in e.g. the 20 amounts of material printed by each nozzle.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a solution to the above challenges, and to enable providing a fused deposition modeling type print head having a large density of nozzles that are operable to provide a balanced output in terms of amount of printing material.

According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a print head module. The module being arranged for cooperating with at least one further module in a stackable arrangement such as to form a fused deposition modeling print head. The module comprises a casing. The casing comprises a first outlet channel defining a first nozzle for printing a first 30 material, and a first inlet for receiving the first material. The casing defines a first pump chamber connected to the first outlet channel and the first 2 inlet. The module further comprises a first gear pump comprising two meshing gears arranged within the first pump chamber. A first meshing gear of the two meshing gears of the first pump is arranged for being actuated by a first actuator axle that extends through the stackable 5 arrangement.

The module in accordance with the present invention is a stackable module that may be attached to a further module. This enables to form a print head that comprises a large number nozzles closely spaced together. Furthermore, because the module in accordance with the present 10 invention includes a gear pump of which at least the first gear is arranged for being actuated by a first actuator axle that extends through the stackable arrangement, in a stacked configuration the use of a single actuator axle enables to actuate a plurality of modules. As a result, the present invention enables to be stacked such as to form a print head that 15 comprises a large number of closely spaced nozzles, each nozzle being operable by operating a gear pump using a single actuation axle through the arrangement.

The first inlet may be connected to a first supply line comprising a first material supply pump. Alternatively, material may be received from a 20 reservoir which may be pressurized or may include an additional supply pump. The module may be used to print various types of different material that are suitable for being dispensed through an extrusion 3D printing system.

In accordance with some embodiments, the first gear of the two 25 meshing gears comprises a first through hole extending axially through said first gear. The first through hole is profiled for cooperating with the first actuator axle for the transfer of rotational energy from the first actuator axle to said first gear. The first through hole may to this end rectangular as seen from a direction of stacking. This allows surfaces of axle and the 30 meshing gear to engage for transfer of torque. A benefit is that this allows 3 the simultaneous actuation of a series of modules in the same stack by a single actuator.

The second gear of the two meshing gears may comprise a second through hole. The second through hole could in such a case be profiled for 5 cooperating with a second actuator axle for the transfer of rotational energy from the second actuator axle to said second gear, much like the first through hole. Optionally the second through hole is also rectangular as seen from a direction of stacking. Alternatively, the second through hole can be profiled allowing the second actuator axle to extend there through and is 10 rotatable free from engagement. In this alternative the second through hole is may be circular as seen from a direction of stacking. This beneficially allows the selective activation of different modules in a same stack, such as modules in the stack which do have a second through hole that is rectangular or otherwise arranged for cooperating with the second axle.

Optionally, the first inlet comprises a first inlet valve arranged to assume either one of an open position, wherein the first material, is allowed to pass to the first gear pump, and a closed position, wherein the first material, is prevented from passing to the first gear pump. This beneficially allows a printer to shut a module off from the inlet in case of malfunction, 20 while still being able to print with multiple nozzles simultaneously.

On a further note, the casing may designed as a stackable slat, with a thickness in the range of - 0.5 -10 mm, defining a first stacking face and a second stacking face opposite the first face, for stacking with the at least one further module, such as, but not necessarily, via a spacer . A 25 benefit is that one can stack the modules to have a specific distance between nozzles. This further allows for easy assembly of a printing head formed by such a stack.

Also according to the first aspect of the invention, the module may comprises a first through hole extending from the first face to the second 30 face defining a supply line extension for the first material to the at least one 4 further module. This allows the supply lines structure to be integral with the modules such as to allow a single supply hne to extend through any of the modules to any module. A benefit is ease of maintenance. Optionally the first inlet extends from the first through hole to the first gear pump. 5 Further optionally, the module may comprise a second through hole extending from the first face to the second face defining a supply line extension for the second material, such as to the at least one further module. The second inlet may in addition hereto extend from the first through hole to the second gear pump Optionally, the module comprises an actuatable first diversion valve. The casing comprises a first diversion channel connecting the first outlet channel via the actuatable first diversion valve. The first diversion valve is arranged to assume, in response to a control signal either one of a printing position, wherein the first material, is allowed to pass through the 15 first nozzle for printing, and a diverting position, wherein the first material is diverted from the first nozzle to the first diversion channel. A benefit is that this prevents a flow from stagnating, when the module isn’t printing. This also ensures a steady average residence time of any material, which is beneficial to the consistency of medicinal product for example. If residence 20 time isn’t an issue for the material, the diversion can be routed to the supply line.

A single module may also be arranged to print using two different nozzles. To this end the casing may comprise a second outlet channel defining a second nozzle for printing a second material and a second inlet for 25 receiving the second material, such as from a second supply line comprising a second material supply pump. The casing may define a second pump chamber connected to the second outlet channel and the second inlet. The module further comprises a second gear pump comprising two meshing gears arranged within the second pump chamber. A first meshing gear of 30 the two meshing gears of the second pump is arranged for being actuated by a third actuator axle that extends through the stackable arrangement. The second meshing gear of the two meshing gears of the second pump is arranged to allow a fourth actuator axle to extend there through to the at least one further module in the stackable arrangement such that the fourth 5 actuator axle remains free from engagement by said second meshing gear when rotating around its longitudinal axis. This increases versatility of product printing and allows the simultaneous actuation of printing in a total of four different materials.

Optionally the module comprises an actuatable second diversion 10 valve, and wherein the casing comprises a second diversion channel connecting to the second outlet channel via the actuatable second diversion valve. The second diversion valve is arranged to assume, in response to a control signal either one of a printing position, wherein the second material, is allowed to pass through the second nozzle for printing; and a diverting 15 position, wherein the second material is diverted from the second nozzle into the second diversion channel. Here too a benefit is that this prevents a flow from stagnating, when the module isn’t printing. This also ensures a steady average residence time of any material, which is beneficial to the consistency of medicinal product for example.

The second inlet comprises a second inlet valve arranged to assume either one of an open position, wherein the second material, is allowed to pass to the second gear pump, and a closed position, wherein the second material, is prevented from passing to the second gear pump.

According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided 25 herein a fused deposition modeling printer for printing at least a first material, comprising a stack of modules, wherein each of the modules is a module according to the first aspect of the invention. The printer further comprises a first actuator axle, a first material supply, such as a material holder, and a first material supply line for providing the first material to the 30 first inlet. The first material supply and supply line are connected. The first 6 material supply line optionally comprises a first material supply pump and a controller for controlling at least the first actuator axle. The controller may, depending on the modules comprises in the stacked arrangement, be arranged for controlling at least the first inlet valve and/or for controlling at 5 least the first diversion valve, such as by means of a control signal.

In accordance with a third aspect, there is provided a print head module, the module being arranged for cooperating with at least one further module in a stackable arrangement such as to form an extrusion print head, the module comprising a casing, wherein the casing comprises a first outlet 10 channel for printing a first material, and a first inlet for receiving the first material, wherein the casing defines a first pump chamber connected to the first outlet channel and the first inlet, and wherein the module further comprises a first gear pump comprising two meshing gears arranged within the first pump chamber, wherein a first meshing gear of the two meshing 15 gears of the first pump is arranged for being actuated by a first actuator axle that extends through the stackable arrangement.

In some embodiments, the casing of the print head module further comprises a second outlet channel for printing a second material, and a second inlet for receiving the second material, wherein the casing defines a 20 second pump chamber connected to the second outlet channel and the second inlet, and wherein the module further comprises a second gear pump comprising two meshing gears arranged within the second pump chamber, wherein a first meshing gear of the two meshing gears of the second pump is arranged for being actuated by a third actuator axle that extends through 25 the stackable arrangement.

In some embodiments, the module is configured for, in said stackable arrangement in cooperation with said at least one further module, cooperate with a nozzle plate comprising a plurality of nozzles, for printing said first material via the first outlet, or for printing said first or second 30 material via the first or second outlet through one or more of the nozzles of 7 the nozzle plate. In some embodiments, the first outlet channel, or the first outlet channel or the second outlet channel, includes or is configured for cooperating with at least one nozzle for printing of the first or second material.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The aspects of the invention will further be elucidated in the following Figures: Figure 1 shows a print head module in a stackable arrangement 10 in accordance with an embodiment; Figure 2 shows an arrangement of stacked print head modules in accordance with an embodiment; Figure 3 shows a module in accordance with an embodiment; Figure 4 shows a module in accordance with an embodiment; Figure 5 shows a stacked arrangement of modules in accordance with an embodiment; Figure 6 shows a module in accordance with an embodiment; Figure 7 shows a stack of modules spaced apart by spacers in accordance with an embodiment; Figure 8 shows a stack of modules and counter part modules stacked together without spacers; Figure 9 shows an alternative module in accordance with an embodiment; Figures 1 0A and 10B show a module in accordance with an 25 embodiment; Figure 11 shows a module in accordance with an embodiment; Figures 12A and 12B schematically illustrate a further embodiment of the present invention, including a nozzle plate for use therewith; 8 Figures 13A, 13B and 13C schematically illustrate a further embodiment of the present invention, including various alternative nozzle plates for use therewith.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Figure 1 shows a print head module 1 in a stackable arrangement 100. The module 1 is arranged for cooperating with further such modules in the stackable arrangement 100 in order to form a fused deposition modeling print head. All parts of the module are furnished within a thin slat casing 10 with a thickness of 0.5-10 mm. The casing 2 has an outlet channel 3.1 that defines a nozzle 4.1 for printing a first material 5.1. Additionally, the casing 2 has an inlet 7.1 for receiving the first material from a supply line 17 the inlet extends to a pump chamber 8.1 which is also defined within the casing. The pump chamber 8.1 also connects to the outlet channel 3.1 and holds two 15 meshing gears 11.1 and 13.1. The first of these meshing gears is arranged for being actuated by a first actuator axle 15.1 that extends through the stackable arrangement. This can best be seen in Figure 2. This allows a plurality of modules in the stack to be actuated simultaneously, which is advantageous for printing a multiplicity of same products at once. What can 20 further be seen in Figure 1 is that the casing has a first face Fl and a second face F2 opposite the first face. Additionally, the modules are spaced from subsequent modules in the stack by means of a spacer S, which allows the module to be fluidly sealed from the environment save for through the inlet for receiving material, and an outlet for depositing material. A spacer 25 is in this sense a cover to any of the faces of the casing. The stacking of modules would in this example follow an alternating pattern of module 1 and spacer S, in which the sequence may begin and end with a spacer, but the sequence could also begin or end with any other kind of cover. The modules have pin holes PH which extend from the first face to the second 30 face of the module each for receiving a locking pin therein for connecting a 9 plurality for modules together in Une. The spacers may to this end also have pin holes such as to be a stacked together in line with the modules.

Additionally, for each actuator axle there is provided a through hole TH which allows the free rotation around the longitudinal axis of such an axle 5 within the spacer. In Figure 1 there are two through holes shown, but this can also be one, three, four or any plurality corresponding to the number of axles used in a printing head.

In Figure 2 it can be seen that the gear of the two meshing gears 11.1 comprises a through hole Hl extending axially through said first gear 10 from the first face to the second face of the casing. The through hole Hl is profiled for cooperating with the actuator axle 15.1 for the transfer of rotational energy from the actuator axle to the first gear 11.1. In this example the actuator axle 15.1 has a rectangular frontal plane cross section which matches the profile of the through hole Hl as seen from a direction of 15 stacking S. The first gear 11.1 thus has a through hole is Hl profiled for cooperating with the first actuator axle 15.1 for the transfer of rotational energy from the first actuator axle to said first gear. In this example the second gear 13.1 of the two meshing gears has a second through hole H2 profiled for cooperating with a second actuator axle 15.2 for the transfer of 20 rotational energy from the second actuator axle to said second gear. In this example too, the through hole is rectangular as seen from the direction of stacking S. This second actuator axle however does not need to be present to allow both meshing gears to become actuated since either of the meshing gears may actuate the other. However, a module as shown in Figure 2 may 25 be co-actuated by two actuator axles. Optionally, one of the meshing gears is larger than the other which would, in a two-axle arrangement, allow a torque to be selected by selecting the axle by which the module is actuated. The module 1 also has a first through hole 17 extending from the first face Fl to the second face F2 defining a supply line extension SIX for the first 30 material to the at least one further module. The supply line may also extend through any spacer elements. In this example the inlet extends from the first through hole, which acts as a part of the supply line, to the gear pump, more specifically the pump chamber.

In Figure 3 another alternative module 1’ is shown. In this Figure 5 only differences will be discussed with respect to the module 1 as shown in Figure 2. Common features between both Figures 2 and 3 will be provided with the same reference numbers. The module 1’ has a second through hole 19 extending from the first face Fl to the second face F2 defining a supply line extension S2X for a second material, such as to the at least one further 10 module. The second supply line may also extend through any spacer elements S. In this example the at least one further module 1*’ has an inlet that extends from the second through hole 19, which acts as a part of the second supply line, to the gear pump, more specifically the pump chamber. This allows printing of multiple different materials using the same printing 15 head. In this example the printing of either material is controlled by means of a first inlet valve 18.1. The first inlet has a first inlet valve arranged to assume either one of an open position, wherein the first material, is allowed to pass to the first gear pump 9.1 and a closed position, wherein the first material, is prevented from passing to the first gear pump. The at least one 20 further module 1*’ is in this regard a mirror image of the module 1’ in that it also has an inlet valve 18.2, but one controlling the inlet flow of a second material. An inlet valve may be present in any inlet of any module of any embodiment for the specific control over the supply of any specific material to the gear pump to which said inlet is arranged to supply material.

In Figure 4 an alternative module 1" is shown. In this Figure only differences will be discussed with respect to the module 1’ as shown in Figure 3. Common features between both Figures 4 and 3 will be provided with the same reference numbers. In this example no spacers S are shown, but these may also be present in an alternating setup with the modules. The 30 module 1" is designed such that the pump chamber is fluidly sealed from 11 another module when the module 1" is stacked directly with that other module such that the second face F2 of that other module is stacked on the first face Fl of the module 1". A first module in the stack may be provided with a cover, such as a spacer S, such that its pump chamber is fluidly 5 sealed from other modules as well. It can be seen in Figure 4 that the second through hole H2 is now profiled allowing the second actuator axle 15.2 to extend there through and is rotatable free from engagement. More specifically, the second through hole is circular as seen from the direction of stacking S. The module has a second through hole 19 extending from the 10 first face Fl to the second face F2 defining a supply line extension S2X for a second material, such as to the at least one further module. In this configuration, inlet 7.1 is fed with a first material via through hole 17 and supply line extension SIX, and inlet 7.2 is fed with the second material via through hole 19 and supply line extension S2X. In this example the mirror 15 image 1*" of the module 1 may be provided in a same stack of modules. This allows the module 1" to be actuated by a first actuator axle for printing a first material, and the mirror image 1*" module to be actuated by the second axle for printing a second material. It is noted here that the mirror image module 1*" can be, but doesn’t need to be an exact mirror image. The mirror 20 image module 1*" can be any module in which the through hole H2 is profiled such that the second gear 13.1 can be actuated by the second axle, and wherein the first through hole Hl is profiled such that it is prevented from being actuated by the first axle. Additionally, the inlet has to be arranged to receive a second material. Figure 5 shows the module 1" and 25 mirror image module 1*" are stacked together.

In Figure 6 an alternative module 1’" is shown. In this Figure only differences will be discussed with respect to the module 1" as shown in Figure 4. Common features between both Figures 6 and 4 will be provided with the same reference numbers. In this example the module 1’" is 30 arranged for receiving a first material A via the first, and in this example 12 only, inlet 7.1. the module has an actuatable first diversion valve 23 and the casing 2 has a first diversion channel 21 connecting the first outlet channel 3 via the actuatable first diversion valve 23. In Figure 6 the diversion valve has assumed a printing position in which the first material, is allowed to 5 pass through the first nozzle 4 for printing. However, the valve may alternatively also be controlled to assume a diverting position, in which the first material is diverted from the first nozzle to the first diversion channel 21. The module optionally also has a mirror image counter part 1*"’ with which the module 1"’ can be stacked. In this example the mirror image 10 counterpart module 1*"’ is arranged for receiving a second material B via the first, and in this example only, inlet 7.1. In Figure 6 the counter part 1*"’ also has a diversion valve. The diversion valve has, as a manner of example, assumed a diversion position in which a second material B, is diverted from the first nozzle to the first diversion channel 21. However, the 15 valve may alternatively also be controlled to assume a printing position, in which the second material is allowed to pass through the first nozzle 4 for printing.

When stacked together the counter part 1*"’ is able to be actuated by the second actuator axle only, while the module 1"’ is actuatable by the 20 first actuator axle only or vice versa. This allows the controlled printing of two different materials by a same printing head using a stack of such modules.

Figure 7 shows a stack of modules 1"’ of Figure 6 spaced apart by spacers. Each of the modules is in this example supplied a material 25 separately. This material may differ from module to module depending on the intended printed product. However, in this example all modules are fed via a first material supply line 81.

Figure 8 shows a stack of modules 1"’ and counter part 1*"’ modules of Figure 6 stacked together without spacers. Each of the modules 30 and counterpart modules is in this example supplied a material separately. 13 In this example the modules 1"’ are supplied a first material via a first material supply fine Si, and the counterpart modules 1*"’ are supplied a second material, different from the first material, via a second material supply line S2. Any diverted materials are separately transported through 5 diversion pipelines Div.

In Figure 9 an alternative module 1"" is shown. In this Figure only differences will be discussed with respect to the module 1"’ as shown in Figure 6. Common features between both Figures 9 and 6 will be provided with the same reference numbers. In this example the casing 2 has a first 10 3.1 and second outlet channel 3.2. The first outlet channel defines a first nozzle 4.1 for printing a first material A. The second outlet channel defines a second nozzle 4.2 for printing a second material B. In this example the module has a first inlet 7.1 for receiving the first material A and a second inlet 7.2 for receiving the second material B. The casing defines a first 15 pump chamber 8.1 and a second pump chamber 8.2. The first pump chamber is connected to the first outlet channel and the first inlet, and the second pump chamber is connected to the second outlet channel and the second inlet. The module has a first gear pump 9.1 arranged in the first pump chamber 8.1, and a second gear pump 9.2 arranged in the second 20 pump chamber 8.2. Much like the first gear pump the second gear pump has two meshing gears 11.2 and 13.2. In this example each of the gear pumps can be actuated by a mutually different actuator axle.

The module has an actuatable second diversion valve 23.2, wherein the casing 2 has a second diversion channel 21.2 fluidly connecting 25 to the second outlet channel 3.2 via the actuatable second diversion valve 23.2. The second diversion valve 23.2 is arranged to assume, a printing position, wherein the second material, is allowed to pass through the second nozzle 4.2 for printing and a diverting position, wherein the second material is diverted from the second nozzle 4.2 into the second diversion channel 14 21.2. In this example the diversion valve 23 is shown to be in the printing position, and the second diversion valve is shown in the diverting position.

Not shown here, but also optional is the presence of an inlet valve in each of the inlets. For example, the second inlet may have a second inlet 5 valve arranged to assume either one of an open position, wherein the second material, or fourth material in the case of Figure 10B, is allowed to pass to the second gear pump, and a closed position, wherein the second, or fourth, material, is prevented from passing to the second gear pump 9.2.

In Figure 10A it is more specifically shown that the module 1"" 10 can be arranged such that a first meshing gear 11.1 of the two meshing gears of the first pump 9.1 is arranged for being actuated by a first actuator axle 15.1 that extends through the stackable arrangement. The first meshing gear has a through hole that is profiled for cooperating with the first actuator axle 15.1 It can further be seen in Figure 10A that the second 15 meshing gear 13.1 of the two meshing gears of the first pump 9.1 has a through hole that is profiled for allowing a second actuator axle 15.2 to extend there through, such that it is rotatable free from engagement. The first meshing gear 11.2 of the two meshing gears of the second pump 9.2 is arranged for being actuated by a third actuator axle that extends through 20 the stackable arrangement. The first meshing gear 11.2 has a through hole that is profiled for cooperating with the third actuator axle. It can further be seen in Figure 10A that the second meshing gear 13.2 of the two meshing gears of the second pump 9.2 has a through hole that is profiled for allowing a fourth actuator axle 15.2 to extend there through, such that it is rotatable 25 free from engagement.

In Figure 10B it is more specifically shown that the module 1"" can be arranged such that a second meshing gear 13.1 of the two meshing gears of the first pump 9.1 is arranged for being actuated by the second actuator axle 15.2 that extends through the stackable arrangement. The 30 second meshing gear 13.1 has a through hole that is profiled for cooperating with the second actuator axle 15.2 It can further be seen in Figure 10B that the first meshing gear 11.1 of the two meshing gears of the first pump 9.1 has a through hole that is profiled for allowing the first actuator axle 15.1 to extend there through, such that it is rotatable free from engagement. The 5 second meshing gear 13.2 of the two meshing gears of the second pump 9.2 is arranged for being actuated by a fourth actuator axle that extends through the stackable arrangement. The second meshing gear 13.2 has a through hole that is profiled for cooperating with the fourth actuator axle. It can further be seen in Figure 10B that the first meshing gear 11.2 of the two 10 meshing gears of the second pump 9.2 has a through hole that is profiled for allowing the third actuator axle to extend there through, such that it is rotatable free from engagement. In the example of Figure 10B the first inlet instead receives a third material C and the second inlet receives a fourth material D. When the module of Figure 10A and the module of Figure 10B 15 are stacked together the stack will be able to control the printing of four different materials. As an alternative to the above embodiments in figures 9 and 10, the modules may likewise be designed such that the inlets 7.1 and 7.2 provide access to a common pump chamber 8.1, which provides access to a single outlet 3.1 and nozzle 4.1.

In Figure 11 it can be seen that any of the above described modules, as far as they are compatible, can be stacked in arrangement 100 such as to form a printing head. A 3D extrusion printer 1000 can the be equipped with a first actuator axle 15.1 optionally in combination with a second actuator axle 15.2, and possibly additionally a third 15.3 and a 25 fourth actuator axle 15.4. Each axle may be controlled by a printer controller C. Similarly, the printer may have a first material supply SUP1, such as a reservoir of fluid material and optionally a pump. Optionally also have a second material supply SUP2, and even further optionally a third a fourth material supply SUP3, SUP4. Each of these supplies also having a 30 mutually fluid material reservoir and optionally a separate pump means. 16 Optional elements are shown with a dashed line —- and depend on the particular modules comprises in the stacked arrangement 100. In this example the printer has a first material supply line Si for providing the first material to the first inlet, wherein the first material supply line 5 optionally comprises a first material supply pump instead of the supply SUP1. Optionally, a second material supply line S2 is also present, and further optionally a third and fourth material supply line S3, S4, depending on the particular modules comprised within the stacked arrangement. In this example the S1 - S4 are shown as singular supply lines, however each 10 of these supply lines S1 - S4 can represent a plurahty of supply lines such as shown in Figures 7 and 8. To this end a supply line may be split into a plurality of supply lines of the same material. Each of the supply lines may also extend through the stack of modules by modular extension as can be seen from SIX, S2X in Figure 4 as well as Figures 1 and 2. The controller C 15 may also be arranged for controlling any inlet valve of each of the modules in the stacked arrangement. In Figure 11 diversion channels are not shown, however, these may also be present depending on the modules comprised in the stacked arrangement. In the example in which the modules forming the stacked arrangement comprise a diversion channel and valve, such as the 20 modules as shown in Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10A and 10B the controller C may also be arranged for controlling at the diversion valves present in each module, such as by means of a control signal.

Figure 12A shows an alternative print head module 1 in a stackable arrangement 200. The module of figure 12A has a lot of 25 similarities with the module illustrated in figure 1, but with some differences. In particular, the module 1 of figure 12A is configured for cooperating, in a stackable arrangement 200 with other modules, with a nozzle plate 40.1 comprising a plurality of nozzles 44.1. The nozzle plate 40.1 is for example illustrated in figure 12B in top view, looking at the 30 inward face which in use is contiguous to the outlets 3.1 of the modules 1. 17 The module 1 is arranged for cooperating with further such modules in the stackable arrangement 200 in order to form a fused deposition modeling print head. All parts of the module are furnished within a thin slat casing with a thickness of 0.5-10 mm. The casing 2 has an outlet channel 3.1 for 5 printing a first material 5.1 through one of the plurality of nozzles 44.1 of the nozzle plate 40.1. Additionally, the casing 2 has an inlet 7.1 for receiving the first material from a supply hne 17 the inlet extends to a pump chamber 8.1 which is also defined within the casing. The pump chamber 8.1 also connects to the outlet channel 3.1 and holds two meshing gears 11.1 and 10 13.1. The first of these meshing gears is arranged for being for being actuated by a first actuator axle 15.1 that extends through the stackable arrangement, similar to the embodiment shown in Figure 2. This allows a plurality of modules in the stack to be actuated simultaneously, which is advantageous for printing a multiplicity of same products at once. What can 15 further be seen in Figure 12A is that the casing 2 has a first face Fl and a second face F2 opposite the first face. Additionally, the modules are spaced from subsequent modules in the stack by means of spacers S, which allow the module to be fluidly sealed from the environment save for through the inlet for receiving material, and an outlet for depositing material. A spacer 20 is in this sense a cover to any of the faces of the casing. The stacking of modules would in this example follow an alternating pattern of module 1 and spacer S, in which the sequence may begin and end with a spacer, but the sequence could also begin or end with any other kind of cover. The modules have pin holes PH which extend from the first face to the second 25 face of the module 1 each for receiving a locking pin therein for connecting a plurality for modules together in hne. The spacers S may to this end also have pin holes such as to be a stacked together in hne with the modules. Additionally, for each actuator axle there is provided a through hole TH which allows the free rotation around the longitudinal axis of such an axle 30 within the spacer. In Figure 12A there are two through holes shown, but 18 this can also be one, three, four or any plurality corresponding to the number of axles used in a printing head.

Figures 13A and 13B show another embodiment. In figure 13A, an alternative module is shown which is configured for cooperating with a 5 nozzle plate 40.2 of figure 13B. Common features between Figures 13A and 13B and other figures will be provided with same reference numbers. In this example the casing 2 has a first 3.1 and second outlet channel 3.2. The first and second outlet channels 3.1 and 3.2 cooperate respectively with nozzles 44.1 and 44.2 of nozzle plate 40.2 illustrated in figure 13B. In this example 10 the module has a first inlet 7.1 for receiving the first material A and a second inlet 7.2 for receiving the second material B. The casing defines a first pump chamber 8.1 and a second pump chamber 8.2. The first pump chamber 8.1 is connected to the first outlet channel 3.1 and the first inlet 7.1, and the second pump chamber 8.2 is connected to the second outlet 15 channel 3.2 and the second inlet 7.2. The module has a first gear pump 9.1 arranged in the first pump chamber 8.1, and a second gear pump 9.2 arranged in the second pump chamber 8.2. Much like the first gear pump the second gear pump has two meshing gears 11.2 and 13.2. In this example each of the gear pumps can be actuated by a mutually different actuator 20 axle.

The module may have an actuatable second diversion valve 23.2, wherein the casing 2 has a second diversion channel 21.2 fluidly connecting to the second outlet channel 3.2 via the actuatable second diversion valve 23.2. The second diversion valve 23.2 is arranged to assume, a printing 25 position, wherein the second material, is allowed to pass through the second nozzle 44.2 for printing and a diverting position, wherein the second material is diverted from the second nozzle 44.2 into the second diversion channel 21.2. In this example the diversion valve 23 is shown to be in the printing position, and the second diversion valve is shown in the diverting 30 position. 19 Not shown here, but also optional is the presence of an inlet valve in each of the inlets. For example, the second inlet may have a second inlet valve arranged to assume either one of an open position, wherein the second material, or a fourth material, may be allowed to pass to the second gear 5 pump 9.2, and a closed position, wherein the second or fourth material is prevented from passing to the second gear pump 9.2.

Figure 13C illustrates a cross section of an alternative nozzle plate 40.3 that may be used in combination with the modules of figure 13A discussed above. The nozzle plate 40.3 comprises two nozzle inlets 33.1 and 10 33.2 cooperating with the outlets 3.1 and 3.2 respectively of the modules of figure 13A. The nozzle inlets 33.1 and 33.2 provide access to a common nozzle 44.3 and thereby enable to print each of the materials A and B via the same nozzle 44.3 on the same spot. Alternative embodiments similar to the nozzle plate 40.3 can be thought of, for example wherein the nozzle 15 inlets 33.1 and 33.2 do not provide access to a common nozzle 44.3, but provide access to separate nozzles such as 44.1 and 44.2 which may be directed towards each other to converge in the same spot during printing. Such solutions may likewise be applied to all of the nozzles 4.i discussed above in relation to the other embodiments.

Claims

1. A print head module, the module being arranged for cooperating with at least one further module in a stackable arrangement such as to form an extrusion print head, the module comprising a casing, wherein the casing comprises 5 a first outlet channel defining a first nozzle for printing a first material, and a first inlet for receiving the first material, wherein the casing defines a first pump chamber connected to the first outlet channel and the first inlet, and wherein the module further 10 comprises a first gear pump comprising two meshing gears arranged within the first pump chamber, wherein a first meshing gear of the two meshing gears of the first pump is arranged for being actuated by a first actuator axle that extends 15 through the stackable arrangement.

2. The print head module according to at least claim 1, wherein the first gear of the two meshing gears comprises a first through hole extending axially through said first gear, wherein the first through hole is profiled for 20 cooperating with the first actuator axle for the transfer of rotational energy from the first actuator axle to said first gear.

3. The print head module according to claim 2, wherein the second gear of the two meshing gears comprises a second through hole wherein the 25 second through hole is profiled for cooperating with a second actuator axle for the transfer of rotational energy from the second actuator axle to said second gear. WO 2021/158102 PCT/NL2021/050064 21

4. The print head module according to claim 2, wherein the second gear of the two meshing gears comprises a second through hole wherein the second through hole is profiled allowing the second actuator axle to extend 5 there through and is rotatable free from engagement.

5. The module according to any of the preceding claims 1-4, the first inlet comprises a first inlet valve arranged to assume either one of: an open position, wherein the first material, is 10 allowed to pass to the first gear pump; and a closed position, wherein the first material, is prevented from passing to the first gear pump.

6. The module according to at least claim any of claims 1-5, 15 wherein the casing is designed as a stackable slat, with a thickness in the range of 0.5-10 mm, defining a first stacking face and a second stacking face opposite the first face, for stacking with the at least one further module, such as via a spacer. 20

7. The module according to at least claim 6, wherein the module comprises a first through hole extending from the first face to the second face defining a supply line extension for the first material to the at least one further module. 25

8. The module according to at least any of claims 1-7, comprising a second through hole extending from the first face to the second face defining a supply line extension for the second material, such as to the at least one further module. 30

9. The module according to any of the preceding claims, comprising WO 2021/158102 PCT/NL2021/050064 22 an actuatable first diversion valve, and wherein the casing comprises a first diversion channel connecting the first outlet channel via the actuatable first diversion valve, wherein the first diversion valve is arranged to assume, in 5 response to a control signal either one of: a printing position, wherein the first material, is allowed to pass through the first nozzle for printing; and a diverting position, wherein the first material is diverted from the first nozzle to the first diversion channel. 10

10. The module according to at least claim 9, wherein the casing comprises a second outlet channel defining a second nozzle for printing a second material, and 15 a second inlet for receiving the second material, wherein the casing defines a second pump chamber connected to the second outlet channel and the second inlet, and wherein the module further comprises a second gear pump comprising two meshing gears arranged 20 within the second pump chamber, wherein a first meshing gear of the two meshing gears of the second pump is arranged for being actuated by a third actuator axle that extends through the stackable arrangement, and wherein the second meshing gear of the two meshing gears of the second pump is arranged to 25 allow a fourth actuator axle to extend there through to the at least one further module in the stackable arrangement such that the fourth actuator axle remains free from engagement by said second meshing gear when rotating around its longitudinal axis. 30 11. The module according to claim 10, comprising

11.WO 2021/158102 PCT/NL2021/050064 23 an actuatable second diversion valve, and wherein the casing comprises a second diversion channel connecting to the second outlet channel via the actuatable second diversion valve, wherein the second diversion valve is arranged to assume, in 5 response to a control signal either one of: a printing position, wherein the second material, is allowed to pass through the second nozzle for printing; and a diverting position, wherein the second material is diverted from the second nozzle into the second diversion 10 channel.

12. The module according to at least claim 10 or 11, the second inlet comprises a second inlet valve arranged to assume either one of: an open position, wherein the second material, is 15 allowed to pass to the second gear pump; and a closed position, wherein the second material, is prevented from passing to the second gear pump.

13. A print head module, the module being arranged for cooperating 20 with at least one further module in a stackable arrangement such as to form an extrusion print head, the module comprising a casing, wherein the casing comprises a first outlet channel for printing a first material, and a first inlet for receiving the first material, 25 wherein the casing defines a first pump chamber connected to the first outlet channel and the first inlet, and wherein the module further comprises a first gear pump comprising two meshing gears arranged within the first pump chamber,

14.WO 2021/158102 PCT/NL2021/050064 24 wherein a first meshing gear of the two meshing gears of the first pump is arranged for being actuated by a first actuator axle that extends through the stackable arrangement. 5 14. The print head module according to claim 13, wherein the casing further comprises a second outlet channel for printing a second material, and a second inlet for receiving the second material, 10 wherein the casing defines a second pump chamber connected to the second outlet channel and the second inlet, and wherein the module further comprises a second gear pump comprising two meshing gears arranged within the second pump chamber, 15 wherein a first meshing gear of the two meshing gears of the second pump is arranged for being actuated by a third actuator axle that extends through the stackable arrangement.

15. The module according to any one of claims 13 or 14, wherein the 20 module is configured for, in said stackable arrangement in cooperation with said at least one further module, cooperate with a nozzle plate comprising a plurality of nozzles, for printing said first material via the first outlet, or where dependent on claim 14 for printing said first or second material via the first or second outlet through one or more of the nozzles of the nozzle 25 plate.

16. The module according to any one of claims 13-15, wherein the first outlet channel, or where dependent on claim 14 the first outlet channel or the second outlet channel, includes or is configured for cooperating with at 30 least one nozzle for printing of the first or second material. WO 2021/158102 PCT/NL2021/050064 25

17. An extrusion printer for printing at least a first material, comprising: a stack of modules, wherein each of the modules is a module 5 according to any of the claims 1 - 16; the first actuator axle; the first material supply; the first material supply fine for providing the first material to the first inlet, wherein the first material supply line optionally comprises a 10 first material supply pump; and a controller for controlling at least the first actuator axle.

18. The printer according to claim 17, wherein the set of stack comprises the module according to at least claim 2, wherein the controlling 15 is further arranged for controlling at least the first inlet valve.

19. The printer according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the set of stacked modules comprises the module according to at least claim 8, wherein the controller is further arranged for controlling at least 20 the first diversion valve, such as by means of a control signal.