IL28127A - Wall having at least two panels - Google Patents

Description

THE PRESENT INVENTION has as its object vertical joints for assembling prefabricated panels of large size in the construction of. buildings, that is to say panels which are of so-called "storey" height when set up verti--oall .

The present invention relates more specifically to a form of embodiment of vertically arranged joints for interconnection of panels which may be co-planar or not.

It is known that one of the problems arising in the construction of dwelling structures or of office buildings is that of wind-bracing, that is to say of resistance to horizontal forces.

The panels of large size placed one above another verti -oally to form the outer walls, the end walls and cross walls or internal partitions, are erected in vertical rows which resist horizontal forces like vertical brackets anchored in the foundation. A row of vertical panels represents an elementary bracket.

In the case of high buildings, the horizontal forces due to winds, tremors, etc...., are substantial. The independent elementary brackets then become inadequate to provide wind-bracing. It becomes necessary to interconnect the brackets in juxtaposition by means of specially arranged vertical concrete joints.

The theory of structures employing assembled panels of vertical joints to behave in so-called "elastic-plastic" manner, which is defined in the following manner a vertical joint being stressed by forces which are paral--lel to it and which are referred to as tangent forces, its behaviour may be characterised by the relationship existing between the intensity of the tangent force per unit of height and the relative displacement in respect of the vertical of the mating edges of the panels assembled by means of the joint.

The elastic behaviour is represented by a relative displacement substantially proportional to the tangent force and of low magnitude, of the order of magnitude of the elastic deformations in a monolithic concrete system.

The plastic behaviour is represented by a relative displacement ocourring under constant tangent force and apt to reach substantial values of the order of several millime--ters.

The joint is called elastic-plastic if, \mder increasing tangent force, it behaves in elastic manner up to a certain value of the tangent force, referred to as ultimate tangent force, and if the plastic behaviour thereafter occurs under a force substantially equal to the ultimate tangent force.

On the other hand, the strength of the vertical joints is established by reinforcements projecting at the edges of the panels which are to be assembled, and penetrating into These so-called junction reinforcements ensure the underpropping seams of the concrete of the joint with the panels which are to be assembled, and it is equally neces--sary to incorporate a transversal reinforcement in the joints.

The present invention has as its object, in the construe -tion of buildings by means of assembled panels of great size , to establish vertical joints between the said panels which have an elastic-plastic behaviour, that is to say a behaviour corresponding to that of elastic monolithism under low force and allowing of relative slipping of several millimeters of the edges of the assembled panels under maximum tangent force or ultimate force.

Numerous tests enabled the applicants to demonstrate that if the reinforcements are correctly positioned, the behaviour of the joints depends essentially on the forms of the surfaces delimiting the edges of the panels.

In this connection, the behaviour of joints formed between panels whose mating edges have different surfaces, will be specified in the following with reference to deformation graphs.

Considering the different kinds of surface of edges tested (rack outline, chamfered cavities, corrugated surface, smooth surface, etc......), it proved possible to obtain a joint with a substantially elastic-plastic behaviour with whose edges had a surface of sufficient roughness to the adjacent edgea of the panels which are to be assembled.

The section of the parts projecting relative to the concrete and forming the surface of the edges of the panels in order to provide the required roughness, should be of relatively small size in order not to incur fracture under application of tangent forces.

According to the present invention, ertical joints are formed between panels of great size, by endowing the edges of the panels which are to be assembled with a rough surface which, in characteristic fashion, comprises a network of stripes of a depth of several millimeters, which ensures an elastic-plastic behaviour of the joints.

The present invention equally has as its object moulds for forming panels of great size, which in characteristic fashion comprise edges formed by ridged , corrugated, grooved or analogous metal sheet or plate, whereof the ridges or oorrugations face towards the inside of the moulds in such manner as to come into contact with the concrete during the production of the panels.

In a preferred form of embodiment of the vertical joints of the present invention, the transversal reinforcement is organised in the form of a spiral or coil for example, of half-hard drawn steel.

The elastic-plastic behaviour of the joints embodied according to the present invention offers the great advantage A -lations. In point of fact, it is known that simplifying approximations of the calculations are permissible in plas--tic theory.

On the other hand, the moulds intended for production of panels having ridged grooved corrugated or analogous edges according to the present invention, are of extremely simple structure since, in order to form the edges of these moulds, it is sufficient to replace the smooth plate conven--tionally employed by the ridged, grooved, corrugated or analogous plate.

It will equally be realised that the spirally shaped reinforcement is extremely convenient to employ, since it is possible to place a reinforcement of this nature in position by screwing, without disturbing the arrangement of the junction reinforcements. On the other hand, the placing in position by screwing of the transversal reinforcement proves to be extremely advantageous in cases in which facilities of access to the joint are very restricted.

The present invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show embodiments of the invention, but in no restrictive sense.

Figure 1 shows the deformation graph for a vertical joint made between two panels whose edges have a known rack outline . joint made between two panels whose edges have a known outline corresponding to a smooth corrugated surface.

Figure 3 shows the deformation graph of a vertical joint made, according to the invention, between two panels whose mating edges are ridged or grooved* Figure 4 is n diagrammatical view in elevation of two panels assembled according to a known method.

Figure 5 shows a horizontal section of figure 4# Figure 6 is a diagrammatical vertical section between two panels assembled by a vertical joint, according to the present invention.

Figure 6a shows a horizontal section of figure 6.

Figure 7 is a diagrammatical view in horizontal section of a vertical joint according to the present invention made between two panels positioned at right angles.

Figure 8 illustrates a ridged or grooved plate employed to form the edges of the moulds for panels of great size according to the present invention.

Figure 8a shows a section along t e line a - a of figure 8.

Figure 8b shows a section along the line b - b of 4 Figures 9 and 9n » respectively, illustrate vertical and horizontal sections of panel moulds according to the present invention, and Figures 10a, 10b, 10c, lOd, illustrate the different possible forms of embodiment of the edges of the panels to be assembled by elastic-plastic vertical joints according to the present invention.

On the deformation graphs of figures 1,2 and 3, the relative displacements along the vertical , g , of the joints have been plotted as abscissae, and the tangent force per unit of height , q , to which they are exposed, has been plotted as ordinates.

The graph of figure 1, which corresponds to the beha--viour of a vertical joint made between two panels whose edges have a rack outline comprising angular teeth, shows that an elastic behaviour occurs initially, up to a high ultimate force, then in the following plastic stage, the tangent force amounts to no more than two-thirds of the ultimate force.

The graph of figure 2 corresponds to the behaviour of a vertical joint made between two panels having a very smooth corrugated surface, for example obtained by employed corrugated plastic framing or shuttering. This graph shows that the behaviour of the joint is not elastic, the deforma -tions being substantial even under low tangent force, the plastic stage being reached progressively only, after very The graph of figure 3 corresponds to the behaviour of a joint made according to the present invention between two panels whose edges are finely ridged or grooved.

It is apparent that the joint initially has an elastic behaviour under rising tangent force, until this tangent force reaches the vnlue of the ultimate tangent force, after which a plastic behaviour occurs under a force substantially equal to the ultimate tangent force.

This graph is characteristic of the elastic-plastic behaviour.

In the stage of transition between the elastic behaviour and the plastic behaviour, which corresponds to the application of the ultimate tangent force , two traces obtained during deformation tests have been shown by interrupted lines. It will be apparent that the behaviour of the vertical joints made between two panels whose edges have a ridged or grooved surface deviates but slightly from the theoretical graph of the elastic-plastic behaviour shown by a solid line.

Two co-planar panels 1 and 2 assembled by means of a vertical joint 3 and positioned vertically between a lower floor 4 and an upper floor 5, have been illustrated in figures 4 and 5.

According to a known method, so-called seaming steel 6 may be concentrated by chaining at the levels of the floors or distributed along the height of the ppnels.

Figure 6 is a diagramm tical illustration of the connec -tion by means of a vertical joint 3, of two panels 1 and 2 comprising ridged or grooved edges la and 2a.

Seaming steel elements 6 project from the edges la and 2a of the panels 1 and 2 and form anchors 7 in the joint 3. A coil 8, for example of drawn half-hard steel, forms the •transversal reinforcement of the vertical joint 3. The rein- -forcement of the joint 3 may be completed by vertical steel elements 9· It is apparent that the anchors 7 of the seaming ele- -ments 6 are positioned beyond the axis of the spiral or coil 8 relative to the panels they secure.

The spacing between the seaming steel elements 6, and the pitch of the coil 8 , are chosen in such manner that each anchor 7 may pass abreast of and cover by a cone of 45° a number of turns of the coil 8 whose strength should be at least equal to that of a steel seaming element 6.

It is plain that, in the extension of the vertical joint 3, the mechanical continuity of the reinforcements of the panels is assured between the seaming steel elements 6 and the coiled auxiliary transversal reinforcement 8. The seaming steel reinforcements 6 are wholly anchored in the concrete core encircled by the auxiliary reinforcement 8. It may then be taken that the steel elements 6 ensure the underpropping seams of the concrete of the joint 3 with the panels 1 and 2. Balance of the thrusts' of the connecting rod A of the panels and the concrete core. This renders it possi--ble to employjoints of this nature for panels subtending an angle between them, as apparent from figure 7, and equally for connections between more than two panels, as apparent from figure 10d¾ A panel mould for flat moulding has been illustrated in vertical section in figure 9. This mould comprises a flat plate 10 for moulding the lower external surface of the panel, and a ridged, grooved, checkered or analogous plate 11 for forming the edge of the panel intended to be that of a vertical elastic-plastic joint for assembling the panels.

The mould illustrated in figure 9a is a mould for a vertically moulded panel, illustrated in horizontal section. This cmould comprises a vertical edge 12 of ridged, grooved, checkered or analogous plate, for moulding the edge of the panel intended to be that of a vertical elastic-plastic joint, and two plates 13 and 14 for moulding the facing surfaces.

The ridged, grooved, checkered or analogous plates employed to form the edges of the moulds may be a commercial--ly procurable type of plate analogous to that illustrated by way of non-limiting example in figure 8, and in section in figures 8a and 8b. The thickness of the ridges of the said plate may be of the order of 2 mms. It may be reduced by planing the plate. mould in such manner as to be in contact with the concrete during production of the panel.

The ridges of the said plate may extend in parallel, right-angle or oblique direction relative to the plane of the panel.

The edges of the mould may be formed by a flat ridged, grooved, checkered or analogous plate as illustrated in figures 9 and 9a.

They may also consist of plate wrought along a cylindrical surface, which renders it possible to produce a vertical joint such as that illustrated in figure 10a. An assembly of two panels is thus produced by means of a vertical cyclindrical joint having the advantage of being practically invisible from the outside.

The edges of the mould may equally be wrought along a prismatic surface of optional section, whose generatrixes are parallel to the edge of the panel. The joint illustrated in figure 10b is of such prismatic section, the edges la and 2a of the mating panels 1 and 2 having ridged or analogous surfaces 15 and 18, and smooth surfaces marked 16,17 and 19, 20, respectively. The panels which are to be assembled may equally be positioned at right angles as apparent in figure 10c, the edges la and 2a of the panels 1 and 2 having two ridged or analogous surfaces 21 and 23 subtending a right angle between them, and two smooth surfaces 22 and 24.

Figure lOd illustrates a vertical elastic-plastic joint made between two panels positioned in T pattern, by way of example.

The different forms of vertical elastic-plastic joints which have been described, adequately demonstrate the advantage of the coiled transversal reinforcement which may be inserted easily by screwing without disturbing the arrange--ment of the connecting reinforcements and notwithstanding the facilities of access.

It is evident that the invention is not limited to the different forms of embodiment described in the prece--ding, and that modifications of detail and/or technically equivalent devices may be introduced therein without thereby exceeding the scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. we A wall comprising at least two panel a front and ce extending at two meters in one direction and side face extending along that the panel horizontally spaced from corresponding side of the other each of these side faces having a plurality of depressions of at least panel having a plurality of rigid members extending out of the face to substantially overlap the members extending out of the corresponding side face of the othe panel a hardenable for example located between two side A as claimed in claim 1 wherein the rigid a main partly embedded in the panel and substantially horizontally to each other and an end portion extending in a having and extending beyond the horizontal plane containing the main portion of rigid membe other wall as in 2 wherein the main portion of the rigid members in the the same vertical plane and ortions members are bent out of this vertical wall as in claim 2 wherein rigid members of the two panels lie in vertical plane3 he end portion of each rigid member extends in a directio out the vertical7 plane containing the main portion of that A wall in any of claims 1 to including additional members located in the space between the faces to strengthen wall as claimed in claim wherein members include a 15 A wall as claimed in Claim 5 or Claim 6 wherein the strengthening member includes two vertically extending linear A wall as claimed in any Claims 1 to 6 wherein at least one panel has a further side face provided in a recess one front or back face of the panel and arranged to form a with a side face of a further A method of building a wall including the steps of positioning two each panel having a front and which extend at least two meters in one direction and a side face extending along at least one edge of each the side faces of the two panels being horizontally spaced from each other and havin a plurality of depressions of at least one each panel having a plurality of rigid members extending out of the side face of the panel the corresponding rigid members of the othe panel and ing a hardenable for example into the space between the two side A method as in Claim 9 including the step of introducing strengthening members into the space between the side faces before the hardenable material is A method as claimed in 10 wherein the strengthening members are helically shaped members located vertically in the space between the side faces before the able material is method as claimed i Claim 10 or Claim 11 wherein the strengthening members include linear members located vertically in the space between the side before the hardenable material wall substantiall as described with to and as shown in any of figures 6 to 7 and figures 10a of the accompanying A method of building a wall substantially as described referring to the accompanying For the Applicants COM AND PARTNERS insufficientOCRQuality