IL264008A - Ballistic shockwave focusing waveguide - Google Patents
Ballistic shockwave focusing waveguideInfo
- Publication number
- IL264008A IL264008A IL264008A IL26400818A IL264008A IL 264008 A IL264008 A IL 264008A IL 264008 A IL264008 A IL 264008A IL 26400818 A IL26400818 A IL 26400818A IL 264008 A IL264008 A IL 264008A
- Authority
- IL
- Israel
- Prior art keywords
- waveguide
- shockwave
- ballistic
- shockwaves
- focusing
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
- A61B17/22004—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H23/00—Percussion or vibration massage, e.g. using supersonic vibration; Suction-vibration massage; Massage with moving diaphragms
- A61H23/008—Percussion or vibration massage, e.g. using supersonic vibration; Suction-vibration massage; Massage with moving diaphragms using shock waves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/22—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for
- A61B17/22004—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves
- A61B17/22012—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement
- A61B2017/22024—Implements for squeezing-off ulcers or the like on the inside of inner organs of the body; Implements for scraping-out cavities of body organs, e.g. bones; Calculus removers; Calculus smashing apparatus; Apparatus for removing obstructions in blood vessels, not otherwise provided for using mechanical vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic shock waves in direct contact with, or very close to, the obstruction or concrement with a part reflecting mechanical vibrations, e.g. for focusing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H2201/00—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
- A61H2201/14—Special force transmission means, i.e. between the driving means and the interface with the user
- A61H2201/1409—Hydraulic or pneumatic means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
- A61H2201/00—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
- A61H2201/16—Physical interface with patient
- A61H2201/1602—Physical interface with patient kind of interface, e.g. head rest, knee support or lumbar support
- A61H2201/1654—Layer between the skin and massage elements, e.g. fluid or ball
Description
BALLISTIC SHOCKWAVE FOCUSING WAVEGUIDE
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
62/355,337, filed June 28, 2016, entitled “Focusing and Coinciding Shockwaves
Shaper”, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a device for ballistic shockwaves and in
particular to such a device, system and method for a waveguide for focusing
ballistic shockwaves.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Shockwave therapy (SWT) is a non-invasive form of treatment for various
medical conditions using acoustic Shockwaves. The use of shockwaves is perhaps
best known for its use in fragmentation of kidney stones in a process called
lithotripsy. However shockwaves have also been used for other indications such as
healing bone fractures, chronic orthopedic inflammation, wound healing of chronic
wounds, treatment of heart muscle ischemia as well as other medical condition as is
known in the art.
Acoustic Shockwaves may be generated by a variety generators, including
electrohydraulic, electrocunductive, electromagnetic, piezoelectric and ballistic
force generators.
In ballistic shockwave generators, shockwaves are generated by high-
energy collisions between two masses, with the energy propagating through a
metallic media that is propagated toward the treated biological tissue.
Shockwaves generating devices and system are generally coupled with the
tissue being treated with fluid coupling such as gel or a fluid filled bladder so as to
allow for the generated shockwaves to enter the target tissue.
Shockwaves are distinct from ultrasound and mechanical pressure waves in
that shockwaves have specific characteristics. A pressure wave is a general term
for a pressure disturbance moving through a medium. This happens to be exactly
what a sound wave is. These disturbances move at the speed of sound in the
medium in which they are traveling. There is no formal distinction between the
1two, as any amplitude of pressure wave could be heard as sound provided the
listening device is sensitive enough.
A shockwave however has a specific type of pressure disturbance moving
through a fluid medium. For small amplitudes, sound pressure waves pass through
the medium, which then more or less returns to its initial state. However, a wave
with large enough amplitude will drag a little bit of the medium along with it. That
means that sound waves propagating behind it will tend to catch up with the
original wave and drag the fluid behind them still faster. That process stacks up and
eventually you can have a number of pressure waves that coalesce into a
shockwave.
Although sharing several common properties, shockwaves differ from
mechanical pressure waves in the important feature of pulse duration. The energy
wave front of true shockwaves is concentrated within several microseconds (0.25
to 4 microseconds, when measured according to IEC61846 and commonly between
0.5 - 1 microsecond), while the energy of a pressure wave is dispersed over several
milliseconds (1 to 7 milliseconds, regularly). A shockwave pulse has a rise-time of
300 nanoseconds occurs within 1 microsecond from pulse start and a mechanical
pressure pulse starts approximately 1 millisecond later.
This distinction between mechanical pressure waves and shockwaves
determines the penetration of the wave energy; while mechanical pressure waves
mainly affect the surface tissue, the short duration of the pressure pulse of
shockwaves has limited interaction with surface tissue and the shockwaves energy
propagates into the tissue and has more effect on inner body structures.
Focusing shockwave has been accomplished in different way based on the
origin of the shockwave that is the shockwave generating device. Electrohydraulic
shockwave generating devices utilize elliptic mirrors and reflectors to reflect a
plurality of pressure waves to a predefined focal zone where the pressure waves are
allowed to coalesce to form a shockwave at a predefined and controllable focal
zone.
Electromagnetic shockwave generating devices generate a linear wave front
of pressure waves that are focused to a predetermined and controllable focal zone
utilizing an acoustic lens.
Piezoelectric shockwave generating devices generating device utilizing a
radial arrangement of a plurality of piezoelectric elements to focus the plurality of
2generated pressure waves that coalesce to form a shockwave at a given focal zone.
The focal zone determined by the geometry of the radial arrangement.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The prior art shockwave focusing means cannot be used for focusing
ballistic shockwaves because of the manner in which the ballistic shockwave is
generated. Non-ballistic forms of shockwave generation may be focused with the
means discussed above because the shockwave is generated within the aqueous
propagating medium that includes
Ballistic shockwaves are generated due to a collision between two objects
the generated energy must be transferred from the collision zone to an aqueous
medium in order to allow it to penetrate biological tissue. Accordingly the
generated shockwave must be transfer from a non-aqueous environment, generally
metal, from the collision zone, to an aqueous environment so as to enable it to be
transmitted to biological tissue.
Prior art focusing devices utilizing non-ballistic shockwave generating
devices do not require the transfer from a non-aqueous environment to an aqueous
environment. Specifically the shockwaves are generated and propagated within the
same aqueous environment and/or medium., for example as with electrohydraulic
reflectors.
Accordingly there is an unmet need for, and it would be highly useful to
have, a device for focusing shockwaves generated with a ballistic shockwave
system, and in particular to a waveguide for focusing ballistic shockwaves for
extracorporeal shockwave treatment.
Focusing acoustic waves generated by a ballistic shockwave device may be
accomplished by controlling the pathway travelled by an acoustic wave through
different materials and/or media and/or phases such as solid and/or liquids. The
pathway of the ballistic shockwaves may be routed to a specific focal zone.
Specifically, the acoustic pathway of a ballistic shockwave may be controlled by
harnessing the acoustic velocity (speed of sound) of a sound wave travelling
through different materials, solids and/or liquids, and by controlling the geometry of
the material through which the acoustic wave is travelling so as to ensure that a
generated ballistic shockwave reaches a focal zone within a predefined time
window so as to form a focal zone where acoustic shockwaves are concentrated.
3The pathway may be further routed and/or controlled by utilizing an
implementation and an adaptation of Snell's law of refraction that would allow for
controlling and/or predicting the pathway travelled by an acoustic shockwave signal
as it transitions through different media, solid and liquids.
Specifically, acoustic energy, for example shockwaves, travel at a constant
velocity (V1) through different materials. The velocity is dependent on the material
properties and phase. For example materials in solid phase allow acoustic waves to
travel faster rather than materials in a liquid phase, for example as outlined in the
table below.
Table 1: Speed of sound through common materials
Material V (m/sec)
Acrylic (Perspex) 2730
Aluminum 6320
Beryllium 12900
Brass 4430
Copper 4660
Diamond 18000
Fiberglass 2740
Glycerin
1920
Inconel® 5820
Iron, Cast (soft) 3500
Iron, Cast (hard) 5600
Molybdenum
6250
Nickel, pure 5630
Silicon 9620
Silicone 1485
Titanium 6100
Tungsten 5180
Water (20°C) 1480
Zinc 4170
Embodiments of the present invention provide a waveguide that is
configured to focus ballistic shockwaves by harnessing the propagation speed of an
4acoustic wave through different materials by controlling the geometry and the
materials forming the waveguide through which the ballistic shockwave is
travelling so as to focus the ballistic shockwaves at a focal zone.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have
the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to
which this invention belongs. The materials, methods, and examples provided
herein are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.
Implementation of the method and system of the present invention involves
performing or completing certain selected tasks or steps manually, automatically, or
a combination thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is herein described, by way of example only, with reference to
the accompanying drawings. With specific reference now to the drawings in detail,
it is stressed that the particulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of
illustrative discussion of the preferred embodiments of the present invention only,
and are presented in order to provide what is believed to be the most useful and
readily understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the
invention. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural details of the
invention in more detail than is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the
invention, the description taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled
in the art how the several forms of the invention may be embodied in practice.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1A is a schematic block diagrams of an exemplary system according
to embodiments the present invention;
FIG. 1B-D are schematic illustrative diagrams of an exemplary ballistic
shockwave focusing waveguide according to embodiments of the present
invention;
FIG. 2A-C are schematic illustrative diagrams of an exemplary surface of
the ballistic shockwave focusing waveguide according to embodiments of the
present invention; and
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary surface of the ballistic
shockwave focusing waveguide according to embodiments of the present
invention.
5DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The principles and operation of the present invention may be better
understood with reference to the drawings and the accompanying description. The
following figure reference labels are used throughout the description to refer to
similarly functioning components are used throughout the specification
hereinbelow.
50 body tissue;
F shockwave focal zone;
F1,F2, focal propagation lines
P1,P2 waveguide propagation lines;
L1,L2 fluid propagation lines;
T1,T2 tissue propagation lines;
100 shockwave system;
101 shockwave device;
105 projectile;
110 ballistic shockwave focusing waveguide;
112 distal portion / shockwave generating portion;
114 shockwave generating surface;
115 body;
115c membrane coupling member;
115s peripheral/external surface;
116 proximal portion;
118 focusing surface;
118a,b annular rings;
118s angled surfaces;
120 fluid filled membrane /sac
122 membrane;
124 fluid;
FIG. 1 A shows a schematic block diagram of a system 100 for providing
shockwave treatment to the human or animal body. System 100 is characterized in
that it is configured to provide ballistic shockwave treatment that is focus to a focal
zones.
6Shockwave treatment system 100 comprises a ballistic shockwave
generating device 101, a ballistic shockwave focusing waveguide 110 and a fluid
filled membrane 120.
Shockwave generating device 101 is provided in the form of a ballistic
shockwave generating device utilized to propel a projectile 105 by utilizing a
gaseous source, more preferably a high pressure source, to accelerate the projectile.
System 100 may optionally be utilized with an imagery system, for example
medical imagery in the form of an ultrasound system, to facilitate locating and
identifying a targeted treatment area for identifying the focal zone. Optionally
imagery system may be provided in any form as is known in the art for example
including but not limited to ultrasound, CT, MRI, Doppler Ultrasound, or the like .
Preferably shockwave generating device 101 may be fit with appropriate
mechanical components, sensors, electronics, controls and processing capabilities
as is known in the art for shockwave generating devices, and in particular ballistic
shockwave generating devices.
Ballistic shockwave device 101 provides for producing high pressure
extracorporeal focused ballistic shockwaves the system comprising: a projectile
accelerating portion (not shown) coupled to a focusing waveguide 110 and a fluid
filled membraned and/or sac 120. Waveguide 110 provides for channeling and/or
routing the generated ballistic shockwaves onto the fluid filled membrane 120 in a
focused manner such that they will reach the targeted focus zone in a focused
manner within a time window of up to about 4 micro seconds and more preferably
within a 1 microsecond time window.
Preferably the projectile accelerating portion (not shown) provides for
accelerating a projectile 105 against a portion of waveguide 110 so as to generate a
collision therebetween sufficient to generate a ballistic shockwave. Therein the
ballistic shockwave is generated by a collision between an accelerated projectile
105 disposed within the projectile accelerating portion against a shockwave
generating portion 112 of waveguide 110. The generated shockwaves propagate
through the waveguide 110 toward its focusing surface 118 and thereafter onto the
fluid filled membrane and/or sac 120 so as to allow transfer onto tissue to be
treated. Most preferably the liquid filled membrane 120 comprises a fluid that
lends for transferring the shockwaves onto the treated tissue, as is known in the art.
7Shockwave generating device 101 is preferably provided in the form of a
ballistic shockwave generating device that is adept at producing high-pressure
shockwaves by accelerating a projectile 105 under high pressure through a
projectile accelerator (not shown) toward shockwave generating portion 112 to
produce high-pressure shockwaves.
Device 101, projectile 105 and shockwave generating portion 112 are
provided from materials configured to allow for repeated collision to generate the
high-pressure shockwaves.
Most preferably generating portion 112 is provided from metals and/or
metallic alloys, that are configured to endure and withstand repeated collision with
projectiles under high pressure, and sufficient to produce high pressure
shockwaves.
Most preferably generating portion 112 is shaped and sized so as to allow it
to endure and withstand repeated collision with projectile 105 under high pressure,
while allowing for producing high pressure shockwaves. Preferably generating
portion 112 is configured according to the shape and size of projectile 105.
Preferably generating portion 112 comprises a distal end surface 114 that is
provided in a concave configuration that matches the shape of projectile 105, for
example as shown in FIG. 1BA-D. The concave configuration of surface 114
provides for optimizing shockwave production.and for matching the shape of
projectile 105.
FIG. 1B shows a schematic illustration of projectile 105 and waveguide
110 prior to impact sufficient for generating a ballistic shockwave. FIG. 1C shows
the impact between projectile 105 and waveguide 110 and generation of
shockwaves P1, P2. FIG. 1D shows the propagation of shockwaves P1,P2 through
waveguide 110, into liquid filled membrane 120 in the form of shockwave L1,L2
and finally onto the focal zone within tissue 50 shown as T1,T2, therein showing as
shockwave travelling through waveguide 110 are focused to reach focal zonal F at
a focal distance FL.
Waveguide 110 comprises a body 115 including a distal portion 112 and a
proximal portion 116.
Body 115 may assume any shape and more preferably provided in the form
of a trapezoidal cylinder having a first end diameter about distal portion 112 that is
8smaller than a second end diameter about proximal portion 116. Body 115 defines
an external peripheral surface 115s.
Distal portion 112 provides a shockwave generation portion including a
distal end surface 114 provided for generating ballistic shockwaves by way of
collision with projectile 105, as described above. Most preferably distal end
surface 114 is configured to match the curvature and shape of projectile 105 so as
to generate a ballistic shockwave in the most efficient manner as is known in the
art. Surface 114 is preferably a concave surface configured to match the convex
external surface of projectile 105.
Proximal portion 116 is continuous with distal portion 112 having a
proximal end surface 118 defining a focusing surface for waveguide 110.
Preferably focusing surface 118 is configured to focus shockwaves P1,P2 as they
transition from proximal portion 116 to fluid filled membrane 120. Most
preferably surface 118 is configured so as to allow the transition of shockwaves P1,
P2 while focusing the shockwaves into liquid filled membrane 120 shown as
L1,L2. Therein surface 118 allows for the routing of shockwaves P1,P2 to
shockwaves L1, L2 due to the transition from a solid surface of the waveguide to
the liquid environment of the liquid filled sac 120. Most preferably surface 118 is
configured so as to allow the focusing by way of routing of shockwaves P1 to L1
and P2 to L2.
Similarly, the transition of shockwaves L1,L2 to T1, T2 at focal zone F
within targeted tissue 50 is generally less pronounced as the fluid 124 in sac 120
and biological tissue 50 behave in the same manner.
Embodiments of the present invention provide for the focusing surface 118
for focusing a shockwave generated by ballistic shockwave device. Surface 118 is
configured so as to ensure that the travel time of all shockwaves P1, P2 propagating
through waveguide 110 to focal zone 'F' is provided at controlled time such that
shockwaves T1,T2 reach focal zone 'F' at about the same time and more preferably
within a time window of up to about 4 microseconds and more preferably up to
about 1 microseconds.
Surface 118 provides for controlling the timing of shockwaves P1 and P2 as
they travel at a uniform speed through body 115 however P1 travels along a longer
pathway than does P2. Therefore P1 and P2 would not reach surface 118 at the
same time and therefore could not be focused. Accordingly embodiment of the
9present invention overcome this problem by configuring surface 118 to overcome
the timing discrepancy between P1 and P2. Accordingly, embodiments of the
present invention provide for compensating for the differences between P1 and P2
by controlling at least one of the following:
a) the surface geometry of focusing surface 118; and/or
b) providing a surface 118 that is composed of a plurality of materials
having variable acoustic propagation speeds.
Both solution provided so as to ensure that shockwaves P1, P2 reach
surface 118 substantially synchronically and/or simultaneously within a given time
window of up to about 4 microseconds and more preferably up to about 1
microseconds so as to allow for focusing shockwaves P1 and P2 toward focal point
'F'.
In embodiments the waveguide 110 may be configured to produce focused
ballistic shockwaves at a focal distance of up to about 30 meters. Optionally the
focal distance may be configured to be from 1 centimeter up to about 10
centimeters. Optionally the focal distance may be configured to be from 1
centimeter up to about 50 centimeters. Optionally the focal distance may be
configured to be from 30 centimeter up to about 250 centimeters. Optionally the
focal distance may be configured to be from 1 meter up to about 30 meters.
In embodiments the external diameter of the focusing surface 118 may be
configured to be up to about 5 meters. In embodiments the external diameter of the
focusing surface 118 may be configured to be from about 1 centimeter up to about
centimeters. . In embodiments the external diameter of the focusing surface
118 may be configured to be from about 15 centimeters up to about 55 centimeters.
In embodiments the external diameter of the focusing surface 118 may be
configured to be from about 1 meter up to about 5 meters.
FIG. 1C and 1D show the progression of a ballistic shockwave from its
generation P1, FIG. 1C, to its delivery at focal zone F, FIG. 1D, across a focal
length FL. The waveguide according to embodiments of the present invention is
configured for focusing the ballistic shockwave as it propagates through waveguide
110 onto fluid filled sac 120 and finally tissue 50 at focal zone 'F'. The propagation
of shockwaves P1,P2 to L1,L2 and finally T1,T2 as they transition from waveguide
10to liquid filled sac and finally onto tissue is provided by the configuration of
focusing surface 118.
Liquid filled membrane 120, as shown in FIG. 1D, comprises a membrane
122 and fluid 124. Membrane 122, shown as broken line, is fit over the proximal
end of proximal surface 116 and therein covers focusing surface 118. Fluid 124 is
disposed between membrane 122 and focusing surface 118 therein fluid 124 and
surface 118 are in fluid communication. Most preferably membrane 122 is fit over
the external surface 115s of body 115. In some embodiments body 115 may
feature at least one or more membrane coupling recesses 115c for securely
coupling and sealing membrane 122 onto body 115, as seen in FIG. 2A. Once
surface 118 is covered with membrane 122 a fluid 124 may be introduced into the
volume formed therebetween. Fluid 124 may for example include but is not
limited to saline, water, medical gel, a gel, the like or any combination thereof as is
known in the art.
Ballistic shockwave focusing waveguide 110 and any portion thereof is
preferably made from solid phase materials, more preferably metals and/or metal
alloys.
FIG. 2A shows a perspective view of waveguide 110 revealing an optional
configuration for surface 118 that provides for focusing ballistic shockwaves by
introduction of annular rings 118a,b.
As previously described surface 118 must compensate for the inherent time
lag between parallel shockwaves P1,P2 travelling through waveguide body 115
between concave (generating) surface 114 to concave (focusing) surface 118. In
order to compensate for the time lag surface 118 is configured as a concave surface
that feature a plurality of annular rings 118a, 118b each ring having a uniform
radius with respect to shockwave generating surface 114.
Annular rings 118a,b provide for focusing shockwave propagating through
surface 118 in that each annular ring accounts for compensating for the time lag of
the shockwave P1,P2 traveling therethough. For example, shockwaves, P1,
corresponds to an outer annular ring 118a, while shockwave P2 corresponds to an
internal annular ring 118b. Each annular ring is configured to ensure that the total
travel time of P1 and L1 coincide with the total travel time of P2 and L2 such that
the time it takes for T1 and T2 to reach focal zone 'F' is substantially
11synchronically and/or simultaneous and/or within a time window of up to about 4
microseconds and more preferably up to about 1 microseconds.
FIG. 2B shows an optional focusing configuration of surface 118 that is
configured to provide a single focal point 'F', wherein all annular rings 118a,b are
focused onto a single focal point 'F'. Most preferably for a single focal point 'F'
each annular ring 118a,b is provided at a different angle determined according to
Snell's law relating the material forming the waveguide 110 and the fluid 224. The
angle is provided so as to ensure that the propagating shockwaves P1,P2 exits
orthogonal to the surface angle of ring 118a and reaches focal point 'F' in a
synchronized fashion most preferably within a time window of up to about 4
microseconds and more preferably up to about 1 microsecond.
FIG. 2C shows an optional multi-focusing configuration of surface 118
providing for a plurality of focal points F1-F5, wherein each annular ring 118a,b
provide an individual corresponding focal point F1-F5. Focusing configuration as
shown here is achieved by providing a stepwise configuration of annular rings
118a,b. Preferably the width of each stepwise annular ring is determined based on
the allowable length of the time window, from up to 4 microseconds to about 1
microseconds, for synchronizing the arrival of the shockwaves P1,L1,T1 at the
individual corresponding focal point F1.
FIG. 3 shows a cross sectional view of embodiment for a waveguide
according to the present invention showing that the focusing surface 118 is
configurable according to Snell's law so as to allow the propagation of shockwaves
P1 and P2 to reach the focal point 'F' at the same time, as previously discussed.
Accordingly in order to achieve this focusing surface 118 is provided with a
plurality of angulated surfaces 118s!, 118s2, 118s3, 118s4, 118s5, 118s6, that are
arranged in a concentric manner around surface 118. Most preferably the
angulation of each of surfaces 118s1...n is determined based on Snell's law so as to
ensure that the proper routing into the fluid 124 is provided so as to focus at focal
point 'F', accordingly, the plurality of angular surfaces 118s are configured so as to
overcome the time lag between P1 and P2.
Most preferably the number of angulated surfaces is determined by the
diameter of the focal zone. Most preferably the number of angulated surfaces is
controllable and may be any number. In some embodiment the number of
12angulated surfaced may be determined by length of the time window required for
shockwave synchronization, as previously described.
In another embodiment waveguide 110 may be provided from a plurality of
materials having different acoustic propagation speeds so as to compensate for the
time lag between ballistic shockwaves P1 and P2. For example a concentric
annular ring configuration similar to that shown in FIG. 2A may be utilized
however each ring may be formed from different materials having different
acoustic propagation speed. For example the outermost ring would be provided
from materials exhibiting slower acoustic propagation speed while innermost ring
would be provided from materials exhibiting faster acoustic propagation speed.
EXAMPLE: WAVEGUIDE FROM COOPER BERYLLIUM
The presently disclosed shockwave shaper takes advantage of the difference
in the speed of sound propagation between different materials to produce a
shockwaves shaper that has different propagation speeds along various portions. In
a non-limiting example, Beryllium and copper may be used to construct the ballistic
shockwaves waveguide 110 and in particular focusing surface 118.
The acoustic propagation speed through beryllium is 12,900 m/sec and the
acoustic propagation speed through copper is 4660 m/sec. optionally other metals
and/or materials may be added to the alloy for technical implementation reasons, for
example including but not limited to aluminum, with an acoustic propagation speed
of 6300 m/sec.
Alloys made of Beryllium and copper are widely used for many applications
Accordingly a ballistic shockwave waveguide may be composed from non
uniform proportions of Copper and Beryllium, so that the center potion of the
construction - associated with shorter propagation path P2, will consist of a larger
part of copper in the alloy, while the periphery of the construction associated with
longer propagation path P1, will consist of a higher parts of beryllium in the alloy.
Such a construct, with different ratios of beryllium and copper in regions of the
ballistic shockwaves waveguide 110 will provide different propagation speeds in
those regions - enabling to compensate for the different shockwave propagation
speeds along the different shockwave paths P1, P2.
13Most preferably, the geometry of the shockwave shaper is designed in
accordance with the desired focal length and the distance between the middle and
the periphery of the shockwave shaping portion.
In a non-limiting example, the construction of the ballistic shockwave
waveguide provided from varying ratios of beryllium and copper may be
implemented by sintering powders of beryllium and copper that are filled into a
mold with the desired final shape and metal distribution.
Sintering is done in conditions that provide essentially isotropic and high
density material construction. Such conditions can include sintering of the
beryllium powder that is done into a liquid phase copper. In a non-limiting
example, aluminum may be added to the copper to reduce its melting temperature,
in order to achieve a stable liquid phase copper for the sintering process.
The powder ratios between beryllium, copper and aluminum are fed at the
proportions that are calculated to generate the speed differences necessary to
compensate for the different shockwave paths, P1,P2.
Proportions may vary widely, where copper may form less than 10% to 30%
in weight, Beryllium and aluminum - up to 50% in weight.
In embodiments, the same principles of calculation and implementation may
be used to produce ballistic shockwave waveguides that focus shockwave into
several focal zones, that may exhibit the same depth, several focus areas each at
different depth or a combination thereof.
Having described a specific preferred embodiment of the invention with
reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be appreciated that the present
invention is not limited to that precise embodiment and that various changes and
modifications can be effected therein by one of ordinary skill in the art without
departing from the scope or spirit of the invention defined by the appended claims.
Further modifications of the invention will also occur to persons skilled in
the art and all such are deemed to fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as
defined by the appended claims.
While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of
embodiment, it is to be realized that the optimum dimensional relationships for the
parts of the invention, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function
and manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed readily apparent and
obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated
14in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed
by the present invention.
Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of
the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily
occur to those skilled in the art, it is not described to limit the invention to the exact
construction and operation shown and described and accordingly, all suitable
modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the
invention.
It is appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity,
described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in
combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention,
which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be
provided separately or in any suitable sub combination or as suitable in any other
described embodiment of the invention. Certain features described in the context of
various embodiments are not to be considered essential features of those
embodiments, unless the embodiment is inoperative without those elements.
Although the invention has been described in conjunction with specific
embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and
variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to
embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the scope
of the appended claims.
Citation or identification of any reference in this application shall not be
construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to the
invention.
Section headings are used herein to ease understanding of the specification
and should not be construed as necessarily limiting.
While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of
embodiments, it will be appreciated that many variations, modifications and other
applications of the invention may be made.
15CLAIMS
Claims (32)
1. A ballistic shockwave focusing waveguide (110) for focusing shockwaves generated by a ballistic shockwave device to a focal zone, including a body (115) formed from a solid material and configured to focus ballistic shockwaves at said focal zone ('F') having a constant predefined focal distance ('FL'), the waveguide including: a. a first (distal) end (114) defining a ballistic shockwave generating zone, having a curved surface shaped so as to match the curvature and radius of a shockwave generating projectile; b. a second end (118) having a generally concave surface featuring a plurality of stepwise annular rings each annular ring having a uniform radius measured from said curved surface of said first end and wherein the radius of each of said plurality of annular rings is configured according to: i. the acoustic propagation speed through said solid material forming said annular ring; and ii. said focal distance.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the number of said annular rings is determined based on the focal zone diameter.
3. The device of claim 2 wherein the focal zone diameter decrease as the number of said annular rings increases.
4. The device of claim 1 further comprising a fluid filled sac (120), wherein said waveguide has a body defining a peripheral surface that is configured for associating with a membrane covering said second end and wherein the volume formed between said second and said membrane is filled with a fluid forming said fluid filled sac between said second end and said membrane.
5. The device of claim 4 wherein said waveguide is configured to deliver the shockwaves to said focal zone within a window of time determined based on the combined propagation speed of sound through said solid material forming said waveguide body and the fluid forming said liquid filled sac.
166. The device of claim 5 wherein said concave external surface is configured according to index of refraction between said solid material forming said waveguide body and said fluid.
7. The device of claim 4 wherien each of said stepwise annular rings are further configure to assume an angulated surface (118s) wherien the angle of the angulated surface is determined based on: i. the ratio of the acoustic propagation speed through said waveguide body and said fluid; ii. the focal length of said waveguide; and iii. the distance from the angled surface to said first end.
8. The device of claim 1 wherein said first end is a concave surface matching the convex end of a shockwave generating projectile of a ballistic shockwave generating system.
9. The device of claim 1 wherein the body is shaped to assumes a trapezoidal cylinder configuration wherein the external diameter of said first end is smaller than the external diameter of said second end.
10. The device of claim 5 wherein said waveguide is configured to focus said shockwaves onto said focal zone within a time window of up to 4 micro second.
11. The device of claim 5 wherein the width of said annular rings is configured according to the duration of said time window.
12. The device of claim 10 wherein waveguide is configured to focus said shockwaves onto said focal zone within a time window of up to 1 micro second.
13. The device of claim 5 wherein the width of said annular rings is configured according to the duration of said time window.
14. The device of claim 1 wherein said annular rings are configured to form a plurality of focal zones.
15. The device of claim 13 wherein each of said annular rings is configured to form an individual focal zone.
16. The device of claim 14 wherein a group of at least two or more annular rings are configured to form a focal zone.
1717. The device of claim 1 wherein each of said annular rings is provided from solid material having a different acoustic propagation speed.
18. The device of claim 1 wherein a group of at least two or more annular rings are provided from solid materials having a different acoustic propagation speed.
19. The device of claim 1 wherein said waveguide body is provided from a plurality of different solid materials having variable acoustic propagation speed.
20. The device of any one of claims 17-19 wherein said solid materials are positioned relative to said first end based on their acoustic propagation speed.
21. The device of claim 1 wherein said waveguide body is provided from an alloy of beryllium and copper.
22. The device of claim 21 wherein said waveguide body is provided by sintering of beryllium and copper powders.
23. The device of claim 21 wherein the arrangement of beryllium and copper is configured according to their acoustic propagation speed.
24. The device of claim1 wherein said waveguide body is provided from a plurality of solid materials each having a different acoustic propagation speed.
25. The device of claim 24 wherein said waveguide body is configured from a plurality of metal alloys in a concentric annular ring formation, wherein the arrangement is sequential such that materials are arranged in a fast to slow in a radial direction toward the center, wherein the material having the fastest acoustic propagation speed are disposed peripheral to the materials having the slowest acoustic propagation speed.
26. The device of claim 1 wherien the focal distance may be configured to be up to 30 meters.
27. The device of claim 1 wherein the focal distance is may be configured to be from about 1 cm.
28. The device of claim 1 wherein the external diameter of said focusing surface (118) may be configured to be up to 5 meters.
1829. The device of claim 1 wherein the external diameter of said focusing surface (118) may be configured to be from 1 centimeter.
30. A ballistic shockwave focusing waveguide for focusing shockwaves generated by a ballistic shockwave device to a focal zone, including a body formed from solid material and configured to focus shockwaves at said focal zone having a constant predefined focal distance, the waveguide having a body comprising a peripheral surface, a first end, and a second end: a. said peripheral surface is configured for coupling with a membrane covering said second end such and wherein the volume formed between said second end and said membrane is filled with a fluid; b. a first (distal) end defining a ballistic shockwave generating zone, having a curved surface shaped so as to match the curvature and radius of a shockwave generating projectile; c. a second end defining a shockwave focusing surface having a concave external surface, said concave surface featuring a plurality of angled surfaces that are configured to ensure that shockwaves generated at said first end arrive at the focal zone within time window of up to 4 microseconds, and wherein the location of said plurality of angled surface of along said focusing surface are determined based on: i. the ratio of the acoustic propagation speed through said waveguide body and said fluid; ii. the focal length of said waveguide; and iii. the distance from the angled surface to said first end; and wherein said angled surfaced are configured such that the shockwave travel for time from said first end to said membrane through each of said angled surfaces is substantially equal within a tolerance of up to about 4 microseconds.
31. The device of claim 30 wherein the body assumes a trapezoidal cylinder shape wherein the external diameter of said first end is smaller than the external diameter of said second end.
32. A ballistic shockwave system (100) including a ballistic shockwave device (101) configured to generate a ballistic collision between a projectile (105) and a shockwave generating portion (110) using a high pressure gaseous source having operating pressure of up to about 200 bar; the shockwave 19generating portion (110) is functionally coupled to a ballistic shockwave waveguide according to any one of claims 1-31. 201/3 FIG. 1A 110 Ballistic 115 FIG. 1B 100 Fluid filled Ballistic Shockwave Membrane Shockwave Focusing (120) Device (101) Waveguide 114 (110) 118 120 122 110 P1 L1 T1 P2 105 F 112 FIG. 1B P1 116 110 T2 L2 FIG. 1D 124 105 50 112 FIG. 1D F 116 FIG. 1C L2/3 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 118a 115c FIG. 2C 115c F 118b 118 115s FIG. 2B FIG. 2A3/3 FIG. 3 118s 1 118s 2 P1 118s 3 P2 118s 4 118s 5 118s 6 114 118s 5 118 118s 3 118s 1
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US201762355337P | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | |
PCT/IL2017/050721 WO2018002929A1 (en) | 2016-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | Ballistic shockwave focusing waveguide |
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IL264008A true IL264008A (en) | 2019-01-31 |
IL264008B IL264008B (en) | 2022-06-01 |
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