IL116630A - Method and apparatus for the production of a printing stencil - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for the production of a printing stencilInfo
- Publication number
- IL116630A IL116630A IL11663095A IL11663095A IL116630A IL 116630 A IL116630 A IL 116630A IL 11663095 A IL11663095 A IL 11663095A IL 11663095 A IL11663095 A IL 11663095A IL 116630 A IL116630 A IL 116630A
- Authority
- IL
- Israel
- Prior art keywords
- screen
- layer
- stays
- tubular
- coated
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/2002—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image
- G03F7/2014—Contact or film exposure of light sensitive plates such as lithographic plates or circuit boards, e.g. in a vacuum frame
- G03F7/2016—Contact mask being integral part of the photosensitive element and subject to destructive removal during post-exposure processing
- G03F7/2018—Masking pattern obtained by selective application of an ink or a toner, e.g. ink jet printing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
- B41C1/00—Forme preparation
- B41C1/14—Forme preparation for stencil-printing or silk-screen printing
- B41C1/148—Forme preparation for stencil-printing or silk-screen printing by a traditional thermographic exposure using the heat- or light- absorbing properties of the pattern on the original, e.g. by using a flash
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/12—Production of screen printing forms or similar printing forms, e.g. stencils
Abstract
The mfg. system is used to provide a screen printing pattern from a fine mesh coated with an unexposed photo-emulsion layer, with the areas which are not to be exposed protected by an opaque wax layer. The latter is pref. applied via a spray head (21) with a number of individually controlled jets and removed after exposure of the photo-emulsion layer by a light source (25). In the case of a cylindrical printing pattern mesh, the beginning of the pattern is staggered, e.g. along a sinusoidal line, to prevent a definite marking line.
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A PRINTING STENCIL Ursula Luscher Hans Luscher NP0215 29th November 1995 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A PRINTING STENCIL The present invention relates to a method for the production of a printing stencil by means of a fine-mesh screen which is provided with an unexposed photoemulsion layer and on which those locations which are not to be exposed are covered with an opaque layer according to the particular pattern, the said layer being removed after exposure .
Printing stencils coated in this way are known, as shown by EP-A-0,492,351, EP-A-0, 558, 098 or EP-A-0, 590, 164. Considered individually, in EP-A-0,492,351 a powder, such as, for example, talcum powder, is applied to the screen, so that the ink sprayed on thereafter does not run, but forms exact contours. A disadvantage of this arrangement is the use of the powder which always forms a mist at the workplace and which is therefore detrimental to the environment.
EP-A-0, 558, 098 describes the design of the tailstocks which are provided with steps so that tubular screens having different diameters can be centred. The production of such tailstocks is relatively complicated and therefore costly, since, in comparison with simple known tailstocks, merely exchanging these would clearly make the extra cost a major factor.
Finally, EP-A-0, 590, 164 shows a method, in which the covering layer is formed from a high-viscosity layer. An emulsion of a synthetic-resin lacquer is proposed as a material for this high-viscosity layer. However, such a material has a high adhesive force on the screen, and there is no provision for washing out after exposure, since the covering flui is to be resistant to abrasion and to chemical influences of the printing chemicals.
An object of the invention is, therefore, to specify a method by which an easily removable covering layer can be applied to a screen according to the particular pattern, and the screen can be coated as a tube or as a plane surface.
NP0215 - 2 - In the invention, this is achieved according to the features in Claim 1 and in Claims 5 and 6. The method is characterized in that wax is used as the material for the opaque layer and the apparatus for carrying out the method, in the case of a tubular arrangement, is characterized by a number of stays, each with a recess in the form of a segment of a circle for aligning a tubular screen with the tallstocks of an arrangement for rotating the screen about its longitudinal axis.
Furthermore, the apparatus for carrying out the method, for a screen arranged flat, is characterized in that, when a flat screen is used, the screen rests on a number of Btays which are arranged in rows and columns and which also bring about the alignment of the frame of the screen in the two main directions.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained below by means of the drawings. In these: Figure 1 shows an elevation of an apparatus for coating a cylindrical screen, with means for clamping the latter on, Figure 2 shows a side view, as seen from the right in Figure 1, Figure 3 shows a top view of the slide with the spray- nozzle arrangement and with the associated control means, Figure 4 shows a side view of an apparatus for coating a plane screen, and Figure 5 shows a front view of the mounting of the clamping frame of the screen.
The arrangement for coating a cylindrical screen according to Figures 1, 2 and 3 shows a stand 1 on stays 2, two of which can be seen in Figure 1. Two tallstocks 3, 4 serve in a known way for clamping the cylindrical screen 5 and for driving it by means of a motor 33 and a toothed belt 34 onto the spindle 35 in the tailstock 3. As shown by the position of the tailstock 4, as the tailstock 4', the said position being represented by broken lines, this tailstock 4 is arranged axially displaceably, so that the screen can be inserted, unim- NP0215 - 3 - peded, from above or from the front. For example, three vertically adjustable stays 6, 7, 8 serve as an insertion aid and each has a bearing plate 9 provided with a recess in the form of a segment of a circle and having the radius of the screen 5. These stays 6, 7, 8 are raised mechanically or pneumatically, so that the bearing plates come into the position 9a and thus form a bed for the screen 5. After the tailstock 4 has been moved into the holding position, the screen 5 is centred and air is blown by means of a blower 10 into the screen, so that the latter assumes the correct circular-cylindrical shape .
The coater 20 can be seen in Figures 2 and 3, and in the present case it consists of a spray head 21 which can have up to 96 nozzles arranged linearly at an acute angle to the base of the coater. Moreover, the control 22 together with a data transmitter is located on the coater 20, by means of which data transmitter the individual nozzles of the spray head 21 are controlled, that is to say closed or opened. Of course, there is also located on the coater 20 the reservoir 24 for the coating fluid, in the present case wax which is mixed with glue and which, thus heated and by means of a thermally insulated conduit 23, is delivered to the spray head 21.
Coating with a spray head 21 having, for example, 96 nozzles takes place in strips of a width of approximately 8 mm. A drive with a stepping mechanism can thus be advanced by 8 mm in each case after a single revolution of the screen. The starting point for a revolution is determined by a position transmitter 32.
A light emitter 25 can also be mounted on the coater 20, so that, in principle, the exposure of the locations not covered by the wax can take place in the same operation.
The advance of the coater is carried out by means of a spindle 30 and by means of a ballscrew nut 31 and consequently in a very even form.
It can easily be seen that a coating which always has its origin at the same location on the circumference NP0215 - 4 - of the cylindrical screen can produce a line in the pattern. In order to eliminate this, the angle transmitter 32 necessary for the control is utilized in order to adjust the setting of the coater 40 relative to the origin of the pattern in any way. Advantageously, this adjustment can take place with a sine function about the origin. Consequently, the respective start for a revolution of the screen is displaced forwards or backwards, and no perceptible interruption in the pattern can occur.
The coater 40 is also moved in a similar way over the flat screen. The only difference is that, here, the coater 40 is moved in two orthogonal directions. There serve for the correct mounting of the plane screen 42 clamped in a frame 41 supporting heads 43, against which the frame 41 bears in two orthogonal directions and thus has an exactly fixable position. The screen 42 rests on further supporting heads 43 at a plurality of locations and can thereby withstand the slight pressure of the coater 40. A motor 44 serves for the drive in the Y-direction (see Figure 5) and displaces a slide 47 together with the coater 40 in steps via a drive band 46 tensioned by means of clamping elements 45. The coater 40 is then moved to and fro in the X-direction evenly by drive means known per se. It is not important whether the coater sprays the screen in both directions of displacement or only one direction, if it is remembered that the respective coating width of 8 mm by means of the 96 nozzles must be advanced prior to the subsequent coating and could just as easily be coated at the same edge location of the frame by means of a rapid return.
Dim Timri -η*»!? πην METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A PRINTING STENCIL Ursula Luscher Hans Luscher NP0215 29th November 1995 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A PRINTING STENCIL The present invention relates to a method for the production of a printing stencil by means of a fine-mesh screen which is provided with an unexposed photoemulsion layer and on which those locations which are not to be exposed are covered with an opaque layer according to the particular pattern, the said layer being removed after exposure .
Printing stencils coated in this way are known, as shown by EP-A-0, 492, 351, EP-A-0, 558, 098 or EP-A-0, 590, 164. Considered individually, in EP-A-0, 492 , 351 a powder, such as, for example, talcum powder, is applied to the screen, so that the ink sprayed on thereafter does not run, but forms exact contours. A disadvantage of this arrangement is the use of the powder which always forms a mist at the workplace and which is therefore detrimental to the environment.
EP-A-0, 558, 098 describes the design of the tailstocks which are provided with steps so that tubular screens having different diameters can be centred. The production of such tailstocks is relatively complicated and therefore costly, since, in comparison with simple known tailstocks, merely exchanging these would clearly make the extra cost a major factor.
Finally, EP-A-0, 590, 164 shows a method, in which the covering layer is formed from a high-viscosity layer. An emulsion of a synthetic-resin lacquer is proposed as a material for this high-viscosity layer. However, such a material has a high adhesive force on the screen, and there is no provision for washing out after exposure, since the covering flui4 is to be resistant to abrasion and to chemical influences of the printing chemicals.
An object of the invention is, therefore, to specify a method by which an easily removable covering layer can be applied to a screen according to the particular pattern, and the screen can be coated as a tube or as a plane surface.
NP0215 - 2 - In the invention, this is achieved according to the features in Claim 1 and in Claims 5 and 6. The method is characterized in that wax is used as the material for the opaque layer and the apparatus for carrying out the method, in the case. of a tubular arrangement, is characterized by a number of stays, each with a recess in the form of a segment of a circle for aligning a tubular screen with the tallstocks of an arrangement for rotating the screen about its longitudinal axis.
Furthermore, the apparatus for carrying out the method, for a screen arranged flat, is characterized in that, when a flat screen is used, the screen rests on a number of stays which are arranged in rows and columns and which also bring about the alignment of the frame of the screen in the two main directions.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained below by means of the drawings. In these: Figure 1 shows an elevation of an apparatus for coating a cylindrical screen, with means for clamping the latter on, Figure 2 shows a side view, as seen from the right in Figure 1, Figure 3 shows a top view of the slide with the spray- nozzle arrangement and with the associated control means, Figure 4 shows a side view of an apparatus for coating a plane screen, and Figure 5 shows a front view of the mounting of the clamping frame of the screen.
The arrangement for coating a cylindrical screen according to Figures 1, 2 and 3 shows a stand 1 on stays 2, two of which can be seen in Figure 1. Two tallstocks 3, 4 serve in a known way for clamping the cylindrical screen 5 and for driving it by means of a motor 33 and a toothed belt 34 onto the spindle 35 in the tailstock 3. As shown by the position of the tailstock 4, as the tailstock 4', the said position being represented by broken lines, this tailstock 4 is arranged axially displaceably, so that the screen can be inserted, unim- NP0215 - 3 - peded, from above or from the front. For example, three vertically adjustable stays 6, 7, 8 serve as an insertion aid and each has a bearing plate 9 provided with a recess in the form of a segment of a circle and having the radius of the screen 5. These stays 6, 7, 8 are raised mechanically or pneumatically, so that the bearing plates come into the position 9a and thus form a bed for the screen 5. After the tailstock 4 has been moved into the holding position, the screen 5 is centred and air is blown by means of a blower 10 into the screen, so that the latter assumes the correct circular-cylindrical shape .
The coater 20 can be seen in Figures 2 and 3, and in the present case it consists of a spray head 21 which can have up to 96 nozzles arranged linearly at an acute angle to the base of the coater. Moreover, the control 22 together with a data transmitter is located on the coater 20, by means of which data transmitter the individual nozzles of the spray head 21 are controlled, that is to say closed or opened. Of course, there is also located on the coater 20 the reservoir 24 for the coating fluid, in the present case wax which is mixed with glue and which, thus heated and by means of a thermally insulated conduit 23, is delivered to the spray head 21.
Coating with a spray head 21 having, for example, 96 nozzles takes place in strips of a width of approximately 8 mm. A drive with a stepping mechanism can thus be advanced by 8 mm in each case after a single revolution of the screen. The starting point for a revolution is determined by a position transmitter 32.
A light emitter 25 can also be mounted on the coater 20, so that, in principle, the exposure of the locations not covered by the wax can take place in the same operation.
The advance of the coater is carried out by means of a spindle 30 and by means of a ballscrew nut 31 and consequently in a very even form.
It can easily be seen that a coating which always has its origin at the same location on the circumference NP0215 - 4 - of the cylindrical screen can produce a line in the pattern. In order to eliminate this, the angle transmitter 32 necessary for the control is utilized in order to adjust the setting of the coater 40 relative to the origin of the pattern in any way. Advantageously, this adjustment can take place with a sine function about the origin. Consequently, the respective start for a revolution of the screen is displaced forwards or backwards, and no perceptible interruption in the pattern can occur.
The coater 40 is also moved in a similar way over the flat screen. The only difference is that, here, the coater 40 is moved in two orthogonal directions. There serve for the correct mounting of the plane screen 42 clamped in a frame 41 supporting heads 43, against which the frame 41 bears in two orthogonal directions and thus has an exactly fixable position. The screen 42 rests on further supporting heads 43 at a plurality of locations and can thereby withstand the slight pressure of the coater 40. A motor 44 serves for the drive in the Y-direction (see Figure 5) and displaces a slide 47 together with the coater 40 in steps via a drive band 46 tensioned by means of clamping elements 45. The coater 40 is then moved to and fro in the X-direction evenly by drive means known per se. It is not important whether the coater sprays the screen in both directions of displacement or only one direction, if it is remembered that the respective coating width of 8 mm by means of the 96 nozzles must be advanced prior to the subsequent coating and could just as easily be coated at the same edge location of the frame by means of a rapid return.
NP0215 - 5 - PATENT
Claims (7)
1. Method for the production of a printing stencil by means of a fine-mesh screen which is provided with an unexposed photoemulsion layer and on which those locations which are not to be exposed are covered with an opaque layer according to the particular pattern, the said layer being removed after exposure, characterized in that wax is used as the material for the opaque layer.
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in the case of a tubular screen, the pattern start is varied according to any law, in order to avoid a clear-cut separating line.
3. Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the variation according to any law follows a sine line .
4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coated screen is exposed after being coated.
5. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to Claim 1, characterized by a number of stays, each with a recess in the form of a segment of a circle for aligning a tubular screen with the tailstocks of an arrangement for rotating the screen about its longitudinal axis.
6. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to Claim 1, characterized in that, when a flat screen is used, the screen rests on a number of stays which are arranged in rows and columns and which also bring about the alignment of the frame of the screen in the two main directions .
7. Apparatus according to Claim 5, characterized in that at least one tailstock is designed with a feed of compressed air into the cylindrical cavity of the tubular screen. FOR THE APPLICANT! DrviYitzhak Hess
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH00213/95A CH690030A5 (en) | 1995-01-26 | 1995-01-26 | Method and apparatus for producing a stencil printing sheet. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IL116630A0 IL116630A0 (en) | 1996-03-31 |
| IL116630A true IL116630A (en) | 1998-10-30 |
Family
ID=4181849
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL11663095A IL116630A (en) | 1995-01-26 | 1995-12-31 | Method and apparatus for the production of a printing stencil |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0733951B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3022298B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR960029098A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1074990C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE170639T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9600213A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH690030A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59600495D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0733951T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2123304T3 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1000635A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL116630A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2157763C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19725488A1 (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-01-21 | Kissel & Wolf Gmbh | Process for producing a screen printing form and apparatus for carrying out the method |
| AU3834800A (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-10-03 | F. Lli Robustelli Srl | Method for centered screen printing and apparatus |
| EP1154326A1 (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2001-11-14 | Schablonentechnik Kufstein Aktiengesellschaft | Process and apparatus for the production of printing plates |
| AT500267B8 (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2007-02-15 | Berndorf Band Ges M B H | METHOD FOR STRUCTURING ENDLESS RIBBONS FOR PRESSING |
| US9481112B2 (en) | 2013-01-31 | 2016-11-01 | Metamaterial Technologies Usa, Inc. | Cylindrical master mold assembly for casting cylindrical masks |
| US20150336301A1 (en) | 2012-05-02 | 2015-11-26 | Rolith, Inc. | Cylindrical polymer mask and method of fabrication |
| US9782917B2 (en) | 2013-01-31 | 2017-10-10 | Metamaterial Technologies Usa, Inc. | Cylindrical master mold and method of fabrication |
| KR102243425B1 (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2021-04-22 | 메타머트리얼 테크놀러지스 유에스에이, 인크. | Cylindrical polymer mask and method of fabrication |
| US10088914B2 (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2018-10-02 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Modifying input delivery to applications |
| CN104742493A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-01 | 乐凯华光印刷科技有限公司 | Screen printing plate and making method thereof |
| CN111391475A (en) * | 2020-04-18 | 2020-07-10 | 杨林 | Linear flowing exposure device for printing screen printing plate |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4390369A (en) * | 1981-12-17 | 1983-06-28 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Natural wax-containing ink jet inks |
| US5154121A (en) * | 1988-11-09 | 1992-10-13 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag | System and method to apply a printing image on a printing machine cylinder having ink accepting receptors or cells, in accordance with electronically furnished image information |
| CN1022417C (en) * | 1990-06-04 | 1993-10-13 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Preparation of fast-dissolving anion type polyacrylamide |
| US5156089A (en) * | 1990-12-17 | 1992-10-20 | Gerber Scientific Products, Inc. | Method and apparatus for making a painting screen using an ink jet printer for printing a graphic on the screen emulsion |
| US5192641A (en) * | 1990-12-19 | 1993-03-09 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Method of thermal wax transfer as a mask for digital color proofing |
| US5345254A (en) * | 1991-05-16 | 1994-09-06 | Xerox Corporation | Ink jet printing process |
| US5247315A (en) * | 1992-02-06 | 1993-09-21 | Gerber Scientific Products, Inc. | Method of printing a graphic having uniform ink density on an emulsion coated printing screen |
| DE59202410D1 (en) * | 1992-03-27 | 1995-07-06 | Kufstein Schablonentech Gmbh | Device for processing thin-walled hollow cylinders by means of a laser beam. |
| DE59209985D1 (en) * | 1992-09-22 | 2003-09-11 | Schablonentechnik Kufstein Ag | Device for applying a covering liquid to a cylinder |
| DE59301804D1 (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1996-04-11 | Schablonentechnik Kufstein Ag | Device for dimensionally stable clamping of a thin-walled hollow cylinder |
-
1995
- 1995-01-26 CH CH00213/95A patent/CH690030A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-31 IL IL11663095A patent/IL116630A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-01-16 KR KR1019960000691A patent/KR960029098A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-01-25 JP JP8011061A patent/JP3022298B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-01-25 BR BR9600213A patent/BR9600213A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-01-25 ES ES96101052T patent/ES2123304T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-25 AT AT96101052T patent/ATE170639T1/en active
- 1996-01-25 DE DE59600495T patent/DE59600495D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-25 DK DK96101052T patent/DK0733951T3/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-01-25 EP EP96101052A patent/EP0733951B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-26 RU RU96102671/12A patent/RU2157763C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-01-26 CN CN96100876A patent/CN1074990C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-11-18 HK HK97102190A patent/HK1000635A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2157763C2 (en) | 2000-10-20 |
| JPH08238863A (en) | 1996-09-17 |
| KR960029098A (en) | 1996-08-17 |
| CN1074990C (en) | 2001-11-21 |
| IL116630A0 (en) | 1996-03-31 |
| EP0733951A3 (en) | 1996-12-18 |
| DK0733951T3 (en) | 1999-06-07 |
| EP0733951B1 (en) | 1998-09-02 |
| ES2123304T3 (en) | 1999-01-01 |
| CN1154910A (en) | 1997-07-23 |
| ATE170639T1 (en) | 1998-09-15 |
| CH690030A5 (en) | 2000-03-31 |
| DE59600495D1 (en) | 1998-10-08 |
| BR9600213A (en) | 1998-01-06 |
| EP0733951A2 (en) | 1996-09-25 |
| JP3022298B2 (en) | 2000-03-15 |
| HK1000635A1 (en) | 2002-03-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FF | Patent granted | ||
| HP | Change in proprietorship | ||
| KB | Patent renewed | ||
| KB | Patent renewed | ||
| KB | Patent renewed | ||
| MM9K | Patent not in force due to non-payment of renewal fees |