IL105423A - Method of repelling insects by using alkyl-cyclopentanone cycloalkanol and phenyl alkanol derivative-containing compositions - Google Patents

Description

105423/2 METHOD OF REPELLING INSECTS BY USING ALKYL-CYCLOPENTANONE, CYCLOALKANOL AND PHENYL ALKANOL DERIVATIVE -CONTAINING COMPOSITIONS.

I I INTERNATIONAL FLAVORS & FRAGRANCES INC.

C: B8325 of the insect ae) (d Anopheles spp . ; (e Coguille ttidia perturbans ; (f Culiseta spp . ; (g Culex spp . (h Psorophora sp . ; (i Culicoides spp . ; and/or (j Lutzomyia sp . (k Aedes spp . (1 Culex nigripalpus (m Aedes atlant icus (n Culex salinarius (o Aedes vexans; (P Simuliidae spp . ; (q Psorofor ia fero (r Aedes infirmatus; (s Drosophila melanogaster (t Coccinell idae ; (u Anopheles crucian ; and (v psorophoria columbiae ·: for a finite period of time from a three dimensional space j! comprising the step of exposing said three dimensional space to (a ) Musca do estica L . ( Di tera : useidae ) ; (b) Aedes aegypti; ( c ) Aedes albopictus; (d) Anopheles spp.; ( e ) Coquillettidia perturbans; (f ) Culiseta spp.; (g) Culex spp . ; (h) Psorophora spp . ; ( ) Culicoides spp.; and/or ( j) Lutzomyia spp. (k ) Aedes spp.; (1) Culex nigripalpus; (m) Aedes atlanticus; (n) Culex salinarius; ( o ) Aedes vexans; (p) Simuliidae spp.; (q) Psoroforia ferox; ( r ) Aedes infirmatus; ( s ) Drosophila melanogaster ; (t) Coccinellidae ; (u ) Anopheles crucian; and (v) Psorophoria columbiae repelling concentration and quantity of an insect repellent composition which comprises an alkylcyclopentanone , a ;·; cycloalkanol or phenyl alkanol derivative-containing composition of chemicals having a structure which is in the alternative at least one of: šnd 105423/3 - 3 - Alkanols are known for repelling insects and the prior art contains many references pertaining to siame.Thus the use of l-nonen-3-ol as a repellent is disclosed in U.S. Pat No. 4,759,228 issued on Jul. 26, 1988, as a repellent for house flies (Musca domestica L. (Diptera:-Muscidae)).

Nothing in the prior art, however, sets forth the unexpected, unobvious and advantageous properties of the alkyl cyclopentanone and phenyl alkanol derivative-containing compositions of our invention so useful in repelling the species of insects set forth herein.

Furthermore, the prior art is replete with references showing various traps for insects, including said U.S. Pat No. 4,759,228 issued on Jul. 26, 1988. Other prior art showing such insect traps is: Griffiths and Bowman, Acarology VT, Volume 2, published by Ellis Horwood Limited \ 15.5, "Sampling Tecniques For Burrow-Dwelling Ticks In Reference To Potential African Swin Fever Virus Vectors", (Butler, et al).

Garcia R., (1962), Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer., 55 605-606.

Garcia R., (1965) Amer. J. Trap. Med Hyg., 14 1090-1093.

Hair, J.A., Hoch, A.L., Barker, R W., & Semtner,P.J., (1972), J. Med. Entomol., 9 153-155 Holscher, K.H., Gearhart, H.L. & Barker, R.W., (1980) Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer., 73 288-292.

Koch, H. G. & McNew, R.W., (1981), Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer., 74 498-500.

Nothing in the prior art sets forth the trap of our invention.

NOTICE UNDER REGISTRAR'S CIRCULAR NO. 23(P OF APRIL 5. 1992 The portions of the present application that do not fall within the scope claims, are not part of the present application. •3a- Our invention is also directed to a semiochemical field ^ trap for blood feeding arthropods which has the capability of causing determination of repellency and attractancy of semiochemicals against and for blood feeding arthropods. The field trap comprises: an upright vertically disposed hollow housing means: having arthropod-impenetrable vertical side wall means defining a vertically disposed inner void, (for example, a cylindrical rigid plastic housing produced from a phenol-formaldehyde polymer); having an upper terminal end means provided with gas entry means; having and piercing said side wall means, at least two horizontally-disposed separate sets of apertures, including an aperture set and an aperture set S 2 ,' with aperture set being vertically distant from and substantially adjacent to aperture set with the apertures of aperture sets S-^ and S2 being gas transmission apertures containing gas transmission means (e.g., a polyethylene tube) or having first radiation means sealably inserted therethrough (for example, a light emitting diode or a laser diode); (2) horizontally disposed hollow housing means (for example, horizontally disposed open ended hollow cylinders fabricated from aluminum or rigid plastic such as acrylic plastic) having substantially horizontally disposed arthopod impenetrable side walls defining horizontally disposed inner void means; having oppositely juxtaposed inner and outer open terminal end means; the inner terminal end means being circumferent ially sealably contiguous with a portion of the outer surface of said vertical side wall means eans which portion f the vertical side wall one aperture of aperture set ure of aperture set S2 , g a gas transmission aperture ission means (e.g., the the other of the apertures therethrough radiation means mitting diode or the laser ed into the inner structure ent means (for example, a bstance as disclosed in the prior art) and having a sustainably releasable insect attractant or repellent semiochemical substance means located within (i) said horizontally disposed inner void means or (ii) said gas transmission means, for example, a matrix comprising a porous containment agent (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, a polyamide, a polyurethane or the like) containing in the interstices thereof at least one semiochemical sustainably releasable therefrom (e.g., the cycloalkanol substance-containing composition of our invention) or, for example, the substances and structures described at columns 13, 14 and 15 of U.S.

Letters Patent 4,748,860 issued on June 7, 1988 the specification for which is incorporated by reference herein; gas transmission effecting means for causing conveyance of a gas (such as air or carbon dioxide) through said gas entry means into and through said vertically disposed inner void, through a gas transmission aperture of aperture set and/or of aperture set S2 into and through said horizontally disposed inner void means and into the environment surrounding the field trap (for example, such gas transmission carbon dioxide gas supply us carbon dioxide operation of power supply ion means located within said r void for conveying insect ough substantially each of ertues of aperture set sing means connected to said d/or said second radiation insect attracting radiation t attracting radiation to have sect wing beat and/or insect visual sensing frequencies; (6) at least one power supply means associated with the trap at least energizing the first radiation means and, when applicable, second radiation means and/or the radiation pulsing means; whereby on engagement of the power supply means with the radiation effecting means and simultaneous activation of the gas transmission effecting means and the radiation pulsing means, blood feeding arthropods in the vicinity of the trap are attracted by (i) activated radiation emitted by the radiation means and/or (ii) gas emanating from the outer open terminal end means of the horizontally disposed hollow housing means to a location so close to the trap that in the event that an attracting semiochemical in the sustainably releasable substance means is detected and attracts at least one of the arthropods, such arthropods will enter the horizontally disposed inner void means counter-current to the flow of the emanating gas or gaseous ion (e.g., CO, or ion) and will -6- remain permanently entrapped therein (usually as a result of a sticky substance adhering to the inner portion of the horizontally disposed housing(s)).

It is preferable when using the radiation emission means, to use infra-red light. Control experiments are preferably run using carbon dioxide with the use of infra-red radiation lights (light emitting diodes) and without the use of infra-red radiation lights. However, experiments using the trap may also be carried out with other lights such as bright green lights and blue lights (in the form of light emitting diodes). In both cases the radiation emission means utilizes preferably the circuit of Figure 11 or Figure 12 described, infra. Other circuits are used when using laser diodes instead of light emitting diodes. An example of the green light being used is one manufactured by the Marktech International Corporation of Menands, New York, Catalog Part No. MT300-CUG (T-1.75 water clear ultra-bright green light emitting diode lamp). When using infra-red radiation means, it is preferable to utilize a gallium arsenide infra-red light emitting diode such as Model MTE 1080 gallium arsenide emitter manufactured by Marktech of 120 Broadway, Menands, New York 12204. When using a laser diode, laser diodes such as those marketed under Catalog Nos. P451 or P452 by the DIGI-KEY® Corporation of 701 Brooks Avenue South, P.O. Box 677, Thief River Falls, Minnesota 56701-0677 are useful and operable.

When used, the radiation pulsing means is intended herein to be a flicker fusion frequency generator to present a frequency of from about 50 up to about 400 cycles per second (Herz). Such frequencies are intended to mimic blood feeding arthropod wing beat frequencies and visual sensing frequencies. The radiation pulsing means is intended to cause the firing of, for example ,· radiation emitting diodes having a range of from about 400 up to about 1000 nm ( nanometers ) . an be in the form of a direct illustrated in Figure 17 or pparatus stroblight unit- which nveyed through fiber optic , in Figure 19, described, ng means which can be used in set forth in the following ent Application 2,040,615 7, 1992 (title: "Cel-Alerf An Easy To-Use Emergency Strobe-Light Road Safety Device " ; (ii) the Stroboscope/Tachometer marketed by the Edmund Scientific Company of Barrington, New Jersey; (iii) the "Realistic Wide Angle Strobe Light" Catalog No. 42-3009A marketed by the Radio Shack Division of Tandy Corporation of Ft. Worth, Texas; (iv) the Enerlite Personal Strobe, Catalog No. 61-2506 marketed by the Radio Shack Division of Tandy Corporation of Ft. Worth, Texas Other light emitting diodes that are useful in the practice of our invention are, for example, those set forth in Canadian Published Patent Application 2,065,577 published on October 17, 1992 entitled "Encapsulated Light Emitting Diode And Method For Encapsulation" .

When preparing the semiochemical matrix which is preferably a block, 10 microliters of test material, e.g., the alkyl cyclopentanone and phenyl alkanol derivative-containing compositions of our invention are soaked onto a 9 mm x 9 mm x 9 mm block . rce is most conveniently dry ith a TYGON tubing n a zippered bag and the bag e chest. Preferably between 4 d, preferably in the form of st area, the motor means is ns, preferably, nt of the radiation means with the instant that the trap is low creation means (e.g., a multaneously with the nd with the motor means being ., mosquitoes and house flies ity of the trap are attracted by the radiation to a location so close to the trap that in the event that an attracting semiochemical in the matrix is detected by the arthropods, the arthropods will enter the air stream or the C02 stream created by the air flow creation means,, e.g., the propeller or the O^ flow or both and be carried into the 3-space within the horizontally disposed hollow housing means. Once within the trap the arthropods will not escape in view of the fact that they are in the vicinity of such gas as carbon dioxide being emitted by the carbon dioxide supply source and they are in the vicinity of radiation emitted by radiation emission means and are attracted thereto. Furthermore, in the event of the presence of a sticky substance within the horizontally disposed hollow housing means, they are trapped by a sticky substance known in the prior art.

The traps are usually run for a period of from about 36 hours up to about 40 hours. They are set up in usually linear transects across flight ranges replicated (6-12 replications) about 10 meters apart. -9- Our invention is directed to a method epelling at least one of the insect species: (a) Musca domestica L . (Diptera: Muscidae) ; (b) Aedes aegypti; (c) Aedes albopictus; (d) Anopheles spp . ; (e) Coquillettidia perturbans; (f ) Culiseta spp.; (g) Culex spp.; (h) Psorophora spp.; (i) Culicoides spp . ; (j) Lut zomy ia spp . ; for a finite period of time from a three dimensional space comprising the step of exposing said three dimensional space inhabited by: (a) Musca do estica L. (Diptera:Muscidae) ; (b) Aedes aegypti; (c) Aedes albopictus; (d) Anopheles spp . ; (e) Coquillettidia perturbans; (f ) Culiseta spp. ; (g) Culex spp.; (h) Psorophora spp.; (i) Culicoides spp.; ( j) Lutzomyia spp . ; to a composition of matter which is a cycloalkanol or alkyl cyclopentanone or phenyl alkanol derivative-containing composition of matter having the structure: a: Muscidae ) ; ; (s) Drosophila melanogaster ; (t) Coccinellidae; (u) Anopheles crucian; and (v) Psorophoria columbiae to a composition of matter which is a cycloalkanol or alkyl cyclopentanone or phenyl alkanol derivative-containing composition of matter having the structure: (i) O taken alone, or in combination, or further in combination with cycloalkanol derivatives having the structures: i| produced by means of a ! process of reacting a lower alkanoic acid with methyl j cyclopentadiene dimer which is a mixture of compounds having ; the structures: in the presence of a protonic acid such as sulfuric acid or Lewis acid such a boron trifluoride etherate; and then I ! i I ! -14- ! saponifying the resulting product with base such as aqueous 50% I sodium hydroxide in accordance with the process of Examples I, II, III, IV and V of U.S. Letters Patent 4,275,251 issued on June 23, 1981 (corresponding to issued European Patent Specification 0039232 published on July 27, 1983) the specification for which is incorporated by reference herein.

Our invention is also directed to the use of an insect repelling soap which can on use thereof cause the repellence I from the user of any of the species of insects set forth above comprising a soap base and in intimate contact therewith, a cycloalkanol , an alkylcylopentanone or phenylalkanol derivative containing composition having the structure: (i) o or (ii) erial for ct repelling perfume llents from the user above comprising a ith a cycloaknaol or ivative-containing (ii) (ii) and/or (iii). s can be prepared according r U.S. Letters Patent, Serial 1 (now abandoned), the rated by reference herein. containing the alkyl rivative-containing n alone or further in cloalkanol derivatives useful et forth, supra, may be t forth at columns 12 , 13 , 14 and 15 of U.S. Letters Patent 4 , 74 8 , 860 issued on June 7 , 19 88 the specification of which is incorporated herein by reference. In addition to using the field trap apparatus of our invention, olfactometer apparatus of, for example, U.S. Letters Patent 4 , 748 , 860 of June 7 , 19 88 may be used in testing the materials for their insect attractancy or repellency, for example, the apparatus of Figure 14 described in detail, infra.

Accordingly, the following Tables I-V(B), inclusive, show the results of utilization of the olfactometer apparatus of Figure 14 in testing for the attractancy or repellency of Musca domest ica L . ( Diptera : Muscidae ) and Aedes aegypti using both (i) the cycloalkanol deri ative-containing composition of matter (versus bay leaf oil and clean air); and (ii) the alkyl cyclopentanone or phenylalkanol derivative-containing compositions of our invention (versus clean air): Table I.

Cycloalkanol derivative- containing composition of Table 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Composition having the structure: 0 46 0 4 3 2 2 4 0 1 3 1 0 1 0 eu" Composition having the structure: 0 4 4 1 2 1 4 emical field n. of the axes in vectors and ion is ecessor of one ood feeding the ure 2. tus of Figure 2 taken along lines 4-4.

Figure 4A is a cut-away top view of a variation of the apparatus of Figure 2 where the light emitting diodes are located behind a translucent end cover of the horizontally disposed hollow housing means of the apparatus.

Figure 5 is a cut-away top view of the apparatus of Figure 2 taken along lines 5-5.

Figure 5A is a cut-away top view of a variation of the apparatus of Figure 2 showing a mesh screen covering the orifices of the gas transmission means communicating between the void within the vertically disposed hollow housing means and the horizontally disposed hollow housing means. w of the apparatus of try diagram of the electric tion means 112A and 112B and evation view of an embodiment housing means useful in the evation view of another d hollow housing means used nd 10. levation view of a of the semiochemical field of our invention.

Figure 10A is a cut-away side elevation view, in detail, of that part of the apparatus of Figure 10 which is concerned with the horizontally disposed hollow housing means; and shows a variation wherein the light emitting diode or laser diode is •located behind a translucent end portion of the horizontally disposed hollow housing means.

Figure 10B is a cut-away side elevation view of another embodiment of the horizontally disposed hollow housing means illustrated in Figure 10A wherein the radiation emission means is shown as a laser diode having a diffusion lens between the laser diode and the horizontally disposed hollow housing means translucent end section. n of the apparatus of Figure on which an insect lands if oalkanol derivative-cond if repelled by the composition. depicted in three or the "x" and "y" axes) air, bay leaf oil and the composition of Parent ed on May 22, 1992. The for a total of one hour ; ch. The results are series of graphs is for the inst house flies (Musca Figure 16 is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in a rectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relative attractiveness or repellency for air, bay leaf oil or the cycloalkanol derivative-containing composition for or against Aedes aegypti . The graphs are based on experiments run for a period of one hour with six intervals of 10 minutes each. The results are tabulated in Table I, supra.

Figure 17 is a side elevation view of one embodiment of the semiochemical field trap for blood feeding arthropods of our invention containing internally-located radiation pulsing means. -31- Figure 18 is a side elevation view of a second embodiment of the semiochemical field trap for blood feeding arthropods of our invention containing internally-located radiation pulsing means .

Figure 19 is a side elevation view of a third embodiment of the semiochemical field trap for blood feeding arthropods of our invention containing externally-located radiation pulsing means .

Figure 20 is a side elevation view of a fourth embodiment of the semiochemical field trap for blood feeding arthropods of our invention containing internally-located radiation pulsing means .

Figure 21 is top cut-away view of the apparatus of Figure 17 taken along lines 21-21.

Figure 22 is a cut-away side elevation view in detail of the radiation pulsating means radiation source used in the. apparatus of Figure 18.

Figure 23 is a top cut-away view of the apparatus of Figure 19 taken along lines 23-23.

Figure 24 is a schematic diagram showing in perspective the radiation source powered by radiation pulsating means for use in the apparatus of Figure 19 taken together with the radiation pulsating means located externally from the apparatus of our invention. -32- I Figure 25 is a perspective view of an ellipsoidally-shaped I detergent tablet containing a solid core which includes fused foamed polymeric particles which contain insect repellents which can be one of the alkyl cyclopentanone or phenylalkanol derivative-containing compositions of our invention and if desired also containing an additional polymer, e.g., polyethylene. The polymer particles may, if desired, also contain additional aromatizing agents and insect repelling agents .

! I Figure 26 is the top view of the ellipsoidally-shaped ! detergent tablet of Figure 25. j I Figure 27 is a cut-away front view of the ellipsoidally-shaped detergent tablet of Figure 25 in the : direction of the arrows in Figure 26.

I i Figure 28 is a side view of the ellipsoidally-shaped i detergent tablet of Figure 26. i Figure 29 is a perspective view of a rectangular . parallelpiped-shaped detergent tablet containing a rectangular j parallelpiped-shaped core comprising a major proportion of fused foamed polymeric particles which contain insect j repellents, (e.g., one or more of the alkyl cyclopentanone or I phenylalkanol derivative-containing compositions of our j invention) and may or may not be aromatized and, if desired, an j additional polymer which may or may not contain insect repellent compositions and which may or may not be aromatized. j Figure 30 is a top view of the rectangular j parallelpiped-shaped detergent tablet of Figure 29. w of the rectangular of Figure 29 looking in 30. f an ellipsoidally-shaped insect repellent agent t) containing core which cles (the insect repellent agent is in the solid astic core). lipsoidally-shaped w of the of Figure 32 looking in 33, the core thereof insect repellent material liquid) or in the in the insect repellent imparting material) is in the solid fused foamed polymeric particles which make up the !| core and wherein the void does not contain anything. :j Figure 35 is a bar graph showing a comparison of the field trial tests in the semiochemical field trap of Figure 1 for blood feeding arthropods of our invention of repellence against mosquitoes and house flies, e.g., usca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae) , Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, I Anopheles sp . , Coquillettidia per turbans ,Cul iseta spp. , Culex spp. , psorophora spp. , Aedes spp. , Culex nigripalpus , Aedes atlanticus , Culex salinar ius , Aedes vexans , Simuliidae spp., . Psoroforia ferox, Aedes infirmatus , Drosophila melanogaster , Ijj| Coccinellidae , Anopheles crucian, and Psorophoria colu biae Ij comparing in combination (with the use of pulsating infra-red ! j I light emitting diodes) air alone, the compound having the h structure: n three mens ons n a rectangu ar mode for the "x" and ny" axes) showing the relative repellency of air, the compound having the st ructure : for a total of one hour The results are series of graphs is for nst mosquitoes (Aedes epicted in three e "x" and "y" axes) the compound having the and the mixture of compounds having the structures: The graphs are based on experiments run for a total of six Π hours with six intervals of one hour each. The results are tabulated in Table 111(B), infra. This -series of graphs is for. the attractiveness or repellency as against mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti ) .

Figure 37(A) is a series of graphs depicted in three "x" and "y" axes) he compound having the one hour re s is for ( Aedes ee axes) aving the of six ults are aphs is for oes (Aedes three y" axes) ound having of our invention. The graphs are based on experiments run for a total of one hour with six intervals of ten minutes each. The results are tabulated in Table V(A), infra. This series of graphs is for the attractiveness or repellency as against mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti). d in three and "y" axes) compound having eriments run for two hours each.

. This series of as against chemical ated in a ertical "y" "x" and "z" which "x" ve view in cup 282. al field trap s 2, 3, 4, 4A, 5, 5A and 6, such a field trap comprises: (1) an upright vertically disposed first hollow outer housing 102 having a vertical axis parallel to and on the "y" axis, having substantially rigid arthropod-impermeable vertically disposed side walls 104 encompassing and defining a first inner void 106 surrounded by said side walls and surrounding said "y" axis, said housing (A) having a side wall upper terminal end (with circumference 144 ) located in a first "x-z" plane perpendicular to said "y" axis; (B) having an upper arthropod-impermeable horizontal surface located in said first "x-z" plane being entirely contiguous with said side wall upper terminal end (having circumference 144 ) said upper horizontal surface (i) being substantially perpendicular to the vertical "y" axis of said hollow outer housing 102 and (ii) having an upper horizontal surface vertically- directed aperture therethrough 108 ; umferentially disposed outer ng outer surface area t ially disposed outer ng outer surface area rentially disposed outer ng outer surface area with the overall surface area of the outer housing A. being related to the other surface areas, thusly : cated of said er ; and ng y B2 ousing a first s s 112a and 112b therethrough, each of the apertures of set being located along a vertical directional vector axis, each of the apertures ated along said vertical ture of set to ure of set S2 (for nd aperture 112b) aperture pair res being located along osed directional vector rst aperture set located along a with said directional said "y" axis and e walls 104 with d second aperture set cated in a id "y" disposed side walls, and ection having a set of reference numerals n below and each aperture in being located said directional vector aid "y" axis and said walls 104 ; irst hollow outer izontally disposed with each of said usings; impermeable subdisposed side wall 118a; g a second inner cated along a directional vector wherein is located in a fifth "x-z" plane with id "y" axis; lel to vector lel to being substantially perpendicular to si (D) having a circumferential substantially disposed outer terminal end located in a first "y-x/z" plane 190 ; (E) having a circumferentially substantially vertically disposed inner terminal end 180 located in a second "y-x/z" plane, said inner terminal end 180 (i) being ci rcumferentially with an outer surface upper first outer ) circumscribing an econd inner void d gas stream l-containing matrix 126 ainment agent tices thereof at least nably releasable ix being supported by rture pairs of aperture sets S1 and S2 containing a tightly sealably fitted radiation means 122a which effects transmission of insect attracting radiation to the interior of said horizontally disposed hollow housing 120a; the second aperture of each of the aperture pairs S:\~2 g capable of inner void 106 of said w outer housing 102 to aid horizontally in a direction whereby s stream (coming ] ) impinges upon said 126 ; however, the ported in the gas Figure 5 where 127x, 127y, 127z and The tubing can have a screen on its outer orifice ( n the inner void of the horizontally disposed hollow housing 120a) , the screen being indicated by reference numerals 198a and 198b; or the orifice may be protected by means of cotton plug 199a, 199b and 199c (shown in Figure 5). In the alternative the orifice of tube J38 may be protected from arthropods entering the inner void 106 using nylon mesh shown in use in Figure 5A with the nylon mesh being indicated by reference numeral 98.

Although shown to pierce the horizontally disposed hollow housing 116a and 116b, the radiation means 122a (e.g., light emitting diode) is preferably employed in back of the end surface plane 180 of horizontally disposed hollow housings 116a and 116b as shown in Figure 4A with the inner end of horizontally disposed hollow housing 116a and 116b being indicated by reference numeral 96_ in Figure 4A. each of the apertures of said aperture set (114a and 114b) containing a tightly sealably-f itted radiation means (e.g., light emitting diode 122a ) which transmits insect attracting radiation to a location in the immediate vicinity of said semiochemical field trap 100; he immediate vicinity e wall upper terminal re located at a e radiation means 122a ans can be a sticky of the horizontally Figures 2 and 3 or 216a and 216b in low housings may have hown in detail in ng diode radiation shown in Figure 7 y reference numeral upply means is shown tting diodes 122a, numerals 12a, 12b, 12c (for the LED) and 13a, 13b and 13c (for resistors associated with said LED's). The light emitting diode circuitry for LED 124a of set is shown by reference numerals 14a, 14b and 14c for the LED's and reference numerals 15a , 15b and 15c for resistors associated with said LED's.

With regard to that aspect of the present invention which is an alternative to the aforementioned embodiment, radiation pulsating means (e.g., such as that illustrated in Figures 22 and 24) are associated with the apparatus of Figures 2, 3, 4, 4A, 5, 5A and 6.

Figure 10 sets forth a second embodiment of the semio- chemical field trap 200 for blood feeding arthropods which is located in a 3-space defined by a vertical "y" axis and horizontal "x" and "z" axes each of which "x" and "z" axis is perpendicular to said "y" axis and each of which "x" and "z" axis is perpendicular to one another (with the axes shown in Figure 1A) comprising: (1) a first upright vertically-disposed hollow outer housing 202 having a vertical central axis parallel to and/or on said "y" axis, having an outer surface area d arthropod-impermeable side walls 204 encompassing r void 206 , said housing: e wall upper terminal end ntial upper edge 244 ) located lane perpendicular to said st side wall lower terminal a second "x-z" plane aid "y" axis oppositely pect to said first side wall 245 ; er arthropod-impermeable 243 located in said first ing entirely contiguous with ide wall terminal end 245 ; tal surface 243 (i) being endicular to the vertical "y" axis of said hollow outer housing 202 and (ii) having a first upper horizontal surface vertically directed aperture 208 of effective diameter therethrough; ropod impermeable horizontal in said second "x-z" plane contiguous with said first minal end 275 , said lower (i) being substantially e vertical axis of said housing 202 and (ii) having a rface vertically disposed ective diameter n is substantially greater than having an upper ci rcumferentially disposed first outer housing section having outer surface area and a lower ci rcumferentially disposed first outer housing section having outer surface area having d es s of cal e said ng an rture pair s 210a and 212a being rtically disposed st set being tally disposed being perpendicular to said "y" axis and said vertically disposed side walls; with and each aperture 212a in said second aperture ed in a directional vector plane, said directional vector is and said , with the lower end of said upper outer housing section being the upper end of said lower outer housing section at a boundary located in a fifth "x-z" plane parallel to said first, second, third and fourth "x-z plane; a second upright vertically disposed hollow inner housing 276 substantially coaxial with said first hollow outer housing 202 said inner housing 276 being partially circumscribed by said outer housing 202; having an upper circumferent ially disposed outer section having area ■ located within said outer housing 202 ; a middle circumferent ially disposed outer housing section having area below the lower end of said outer housing, and a lower ci rcumferent ially disposed section having area located immediately below said middle section with the lateral boundary between said upper section and said middle section being located at boundary B2 in said second "x-z" plane, said lateral boundary B2 being coplanar with and parallel to said first side wall lower terminal end 275 ; (B) having rigid arthropod-impermeable second vertically disposed side walls 278 ; (C) having a second side wall upper terminal end 1275 located in said fifth "x-z" plane substantially coplanar with said boundary B, ; -62- having a second upper arthropod-impermeable horizontal surface 1243 located in said fifth "x-z" plane and being entirely contiguous with said second side wall upper terminal end 1275 , substantially coplanar with said boundary B^,, said second upper horizontal surface 1243 being a finite distance below said first upper horizontal surface 243 , said second upper horizontal surface 1243 having a vertically directed aperture 1208 therethrough substantially coaxial with the vertical "y" axis of said second hollow inner housing 276 ; and having a third horizontally arranged set of apertures (indicated by reference numeral 214a ) at a location below and proximate said boundary B^, each aperture 214a in said third set S3 being located along a directional vector in a sixth "x-z" plane, said directional vector aid "y" axis and said walls 278 ; d inner housing being ary B2 within and uous with the inner the lower horizontal sed aperture 271 of g 202 ; irst hollow outer izontally disposed with each of said usings 216a and 216b; impermeable horizons 218a; g a second inner void cated along a direc¬ "x-zB plane with to said "y" axis; parallel parallel perpendicular to ntial substantially vertir terminal end 241 located plane; l substantially vertirminal end 296 o said vertically end 241 located in a aid inner terminal end contiguous with an outer said lower first outer (ii) circumscribing an numerals 210a and 212a; second inner void 220a a stream-activatable g matrix 226 comprising ent containing in the least one semiochemical therefrom (with the by matrix support 220 rminal end 241 ; and trapment means 240 e) located id second inner void ach of the aperture pairs tightly g., a light ffects . ion to the sed hollow of each of the of contectively t vertically second inner outer housing stantial said se io- et containing a tighly sealably fitted rad ation means 224a (e.g., a light emitting diode which may be blue een light or infra-red radiation) which insect attracting radiation to a location in iate vicinity of said semiochemical field tially vertically disposed drive shaft 272 ith said "y" axis supported for rotary motion axis, extending from within said second ertically disposed hollow inner housing below m at boundary B2 of said upright vertically hollow outer housing 202 , through said 1208 of said second upper aid second upright nner housing 276 , into said first upright hollow longitudinal dimension of nner housing 276 and along f said first upright a first lower end of said said drive shaft 272 ched to a second upper ., a propeller 274 ) , being of such a design whereby the rotation of said drive shaft 272 directly causes the rotation of said air flow creation means 274 and induces the flow of air downwardly through said first upper horizontal surface vertically directed aperture 208 into and through said first inner void 206 , and then through one aperture of each of said aperture pairs of aperture sets and S2 into and through each of said second inner voids 220a of each of said horizontally disposed hollow housings 216a, 216b; and at least one power supply means (e.g., batteries 230 ) associated with said trap 200 , energizing said radiation means 222a and 224a and said motor means 270; said motor arthropods d by the 224a and gas horizontally so close to miochemical in id arthropods second inner ner housing ating n, e.g., using n be solid dry ference xing with air e mixture of ertically With regard to the present invention which is an improvement on the aforementioned Figure 10 embodiment, preferred embodiments of which are illustrated in Figures 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 23, radiation pulsating means (for example, as illustrated in Figures 22 and 24) are associated with such apparatus.

Hence, additional radiation means (2203 in Figure 17; 1203 in Figure 18; and 3201 and 3202 in Figure 19) can be located within said vertically disposed inner void 206 for conveying insect attracting radiation through substantially each of said gas transmission apertures of aperture set and/or aperture set S_ . located in suspended ring 3216. The fiber optic strands are -71- housing. Radiation from LED 922a is emitted from behind inner surface 296 of the horizontally disposed hollow housing with the inner surface 296 being translucent so that the radiation is diffused from the entire surface 296 into the inner void of the hollow outer housing. Radiation from LED 222a is emitted to further attract arthropods 260 into the area of the trap.

Figure 10B shows in detail another embodiment of the horizontally disposed hollow housing using instead of a LED a laser diode 922. Between the laser diode and the inner surface of the horizontally disposed hollow housing 997 is a diffusion lens 923 for the laser diode 922. The laser diode 922 is j; powered using power source 930 and laser circuitry 931. The !! laser diode preferably emits C02 wave length radiation, e.g., I: approximately 960 nanometers. Air evolved from tube 988 jj screened with nylon mesh screen 998 (to prevent arthropods from ij travelling through tube 988 from the inner void of the ;! horizontally disposed housing impinges upon semiochemical-jj containing matrix 926. If a repellent is evolved from ij semiochemical matrix 926 , then arthropods are trapped in the ij hollow outer housing , for example, on sticky surface 940a . ji!j Figures 11 and 12 set forth the circuitry for the motor i ; !j means and radiation means circuits for the apparatus of the i embodiment of Figure 10. An embodiment shown in Figure 11 shows the use of two separate switches; whereby, switch 252b will cause the engagement of power with diodes 412a, 412b and 412c associated with resistors 413a, 413b and 413c, respectively. Switching on switch 252a will activate motor means 270b as well. as diodes 312a, 312b, 312c, 312d, 312e and 312f j associated with resistors 313a, 313b, 313c, 313d, 313e and 313f. se of one and 612c well as diodes with resistors ly, along with The power numeral 230b. nt of the or repellency re of 1 ; ! ! I ! I i I J t 1 803. the e of )) (lavender aboratory forth in iptera raph repelled !| (shown by graph 813 ) and are shown to be repelled by bay leaf :! oil (as shown in the graph indicated by reference numeral 812 ) . ji In Figure 16, clean air is shown to attract mosquitoes (as ;j indicated by the graph indicated by reference numeral 821 ) . ; i ji The mixture of compounds having the structures: graph indialso inraph indicated lency r graph 1804. It e: r graph 1803. It e: r graph 1802. On ermole mixture of gram moles sing a laboratory is set forth in igure 36A Aedes (the graph wn to be repelled i ;' , (shown by graph 2806. jj In Figure 36B, Aedes aegypti is shown to be attracted by j; clean air (the graph indicated by reference numeral 2811 ) and ;j is shown to be repelled over a period of six hours by the ,; compound having the structure: (shown by the graph indicated by reference numeral 2813 ) and the mixture of compounds having the structures: (shown by the graph indicated by reference numeral 2815 ) .

In Figure 37A, Aedes aegypti is shown to be attracted by clean air (the graph indicated by reference numeral 3801 ) ; is g the structure: ) ; is shown to be ) and is shown the structures (the graph indicated by reference numeral 3803 ) . In Figure 37B, Aedes aegypti is shown to be attracted by clean air (the graph indicated by reference numeral 3811) and is shown to be repelled by the mixture of compounds having the structures: s shown to be d is shown to . In Figure clean air (the is shown to be . In Figure clean air (the is shown to be . ■; 724 and 739. Dampers 711a, 711b, et seq. hold base plate 717 i| in place horizontally. When an insect lands on sensor landing \ site 710 , 710a et seq. the landing is recorded electrically '• through a sensor shown in magnified form in Figure 14A. The sensor landing site includes a transducer 713 and causes an ;; electrical impulse to proceed through wire 718 and then through ,; wire 719 to a multi-channel A-D converter 723 (using electric power source 739 ) which is associated with program tape storage j 724 , printer 720 and digital computer which is associated with ; modem and main frame 721. Reference numeral 722 shows a ;;' "Faraday" cage completing the olfactometer circuit. The electical impulse thus effects a recording of data as set forth in Figures 15 and 16.

Figure 14A is a detailed section showing one specific landing site 710a of Figure 14 on which the insect lands if attracted by one of the alkyl cyclopentanone or phenylalkanol derivative-containing compositions of our invention taken alone or in admixture with the cycloalkanol derivative-containing composition containing compounds having the structures: , one of the alkyl ontaining uctures: of compounds which is also located at specific landing sites. At other landing sites nothing is located (and these are the "control" landing sites). At other sites, a second repellent can be located, e.g., the bay leaf oil or an attractant can be located. The olfactometer includes a base 781 on which the damper 711a, 711b, et seq. are located, namely base 781. Base plate 717 is preferably covered with a film such as SARAN WRAP ® 725 so that any insects that are attracted to the landing sites are not distracted to any other areas on base plate 717. nvolves the use of prises first let 830 containing ted from, for r any polymer ch an insect g the structure: and/or the compound having the structure: m the plastic core into and ble period of time during e user washes skin with oap cake in a washing t to drying insects will be of carrying out the n be microporous polymers nt No. 4,247,498 issued on for which is incorporated e central plastic core conrgent 830 ' which is in the .g., room temperature and orkable detergents 830 ' are escribed in U.S. Patent o. the disclosure of which is "transparent" soaps such . 4,165,293 issued on hich is incorporated herein by reference. Other examples of the detergent 830 ' useful in our invention are those set forth as "variegated soaps" in Canadian Letters Patent No. 1,101,165 issued on May 19, 1981, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

On use of the soap tablet 830 or detergent bar, the insect repellent agent, e.g., the compound having the structure: -92- transported at a e 831 through the of the detergent ention may be of r parallelpiped ining solid d in solid asses through at ent 838 and or example, ent surrounding ed with insect ture: the lent he and the at a t re, r : šnd he nt tergent tablet (e.g., using e) the hollow core or the repelling and aroma d article. In addition, e of the void 851 , to the of Figures 32, 33 and 34, 33 and 34 can be so e surface of the liquid in sical attribute has certain

Claims (3)

1. 05423/ 3 99 WHAT WE CLAIM IS: . 1. A method of repelling at least one of the insect species : a ) Musca domestica L . ( Di tera : useidae ) ; b) Aedes aegypti; c) Aedes albopictus d) Anopheles spp. e ) Coquille ttidia perturbans; f ) Culiseta spp.; g) Culex spp . ; h) Psorophora spp.; i ) Culicoides spp.; and/or j) Lutzomyia spp. Aedes sp . ; 1) Culex nigripalpus; m ) Aedes atlariticus; n) Culex salinarius; o ) Aedes vexans; P) Simuliidae spp.; q) Psoroforia ferox; r ) Aedes infirmatus; s ) Drosophila melanogaster; t) Coccinell idae ; ) Anopheles crucian; and ) sorophoria columbiae I i 100 for a finite period of time from a three dimensional space ίί comprising the step of exposing said three dimensional space ί I ! ! a: , i Musca domest ica L . ( Diptera : uscidae ) ; Aedes aegypt i ; Aedes albopictus ; Anopheles sp . ; Coguillettidia perturbans ; Culiseta spp . ; Culex spp . ; Psorophora spp . ; Culicoides spp . ; and/or Lutzomyia spp . Aedes spp . " Culex nigripalpus ; Aedes atlant icus ; Culex sal inarius ; Aedes vexans ; Simuliidae spp . ; Psorofor ia ferox ; Aedes infirmatus ; Drosophi la melanogaster ; Coccinellidae ; Anopheles crucian ; and Psoroohoria colu biae repelling concentration and quantity of an insect repellent composition which comprises an alkylcyclopentanone , cycloalkanol or phenyl alkanol derivative-containing composition of chemicals having a structure which is in the alternative at least one of: 102

2. The method of Claim 1 wherein the cycloalkanol derivative-containing composition is produced by the process reacting. an alkanoic acid with a mixture of chemicals having the structures: 105423/3 103 in the presence of a protonic acid catalyst or a Lewis catalyst and then subjecting the resulting mixture to hydrolysis . 105423/ 3 104

3. A process according to claim 1 for repelling blood feeding arthropods person consisting of the steps of : i) fabricating an insect repelling soap comprising a soap base and in intimate contact therewith an alkylcyclopentanone or phenylalkanol or cycloalkanol derivative-containing composition having a structure which is in the alternative one of: (i) O (ii) 105423/ 3 106 and (ii) applying the thus fabricated soap to said person. 4· The method of Claim 1 wherein the insect repelling composition is an insect repelling perfume composition comprising a perfume base and intimately admixed therewith an insect repelling amount of an alkylcyclopentanone or phenylalkanol or cycloalkanol derivative-containing composition having a structure which is in the alternative: (i) (ii) ; and/or 105423/ 3 107 (iii) a mixture of cycloalkanol derivatives having the structures :