IE913869A1

IE913869A1 - Non-baking binders

Info

Publication number: IE913869A1
Application number: IE386991A
Authority: IE
Original assignee: Guls Volker
Priority date: 1990-11-07
Filing date: 1991-11-06
Publication date: 1992-05-20
Also published as: DE4035359C2; CA2098394A1; JPH06501504A; AU8617891A; PT99454A; ZA918776B; EP0556194A1; EP0556194B1; DE4035359C1; WO1992008679A1; ATE121059T1; CN1061424A; KR970002026B1; IL99955A0; DE59105204D1; EP0556194B2; AU652779B2

Abstract

The invention concerns air-drying binders based on polybutadiene oils which are liquid at room temperature and aromatic-free aliphatic hydrocarbons and/or turpentine oil, as well as the use of such binders in reinforcing, bonding, coating and/or impregnating construction materials, residues, waste or any other kind of material.

Description

- la NON-BAKING BINDERS The invention relates to non-baking binders based on polybutadiene oils which oils are liguid at room temperature and specific hydrocarbons and/or gum oil (turpentine) and to the use thereof for the consolidation, constructional glueing, coating or impregnation of building materials, residual materials, waste products and other materials of any kind.

The use of butadiene oils that are liquid at room temperature for the production of non-baking resins has been known in the art for a long time; cf., for example, Rompps Chemie-Lexikon, 9th edition, page 3280 {Heidel and Dittmann, Chimia 22 (1968), pp. 213-218). However, butadiene oils have hardly found acceptance in the building sector because they are difficult to process. The liquid polybutadiene oils are known to desiccate relatively fast when exposed to the oxygen of the air, so that a storage thereof under a protective gas is recommended. Also the use of solvents such as white spirit for adjusting the viscosity of the polybutadiene oils involves some difficulties, if the product to be consolidated with the polybutadiene oils is intended to be dried in the air at conventional ambient temperatures such as room temperature. Moreover, the commercially available polybutadiene oils do most readily react with - 2 water, so that hitherto the building materials to be bonded had to be employed in a particularly dry, virtually anhydrous condition.

EP 0 211 712 Al describes an organic binder for the treatment of porous building materials with a solution of polybutadiene oils that are liquid at room temperature in aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons, and more specifically xylene, toluene, gasoline F and white spirit.

Thus, it is one object of the present invention to provide non-baking (air-drying) binders based on polybutadiene oils that are liquid at room temperature, which binders can be readily handled even in the absence of a protective gas atmosphere and impart a high compressive strength to the materials to be consolidated. When materials are to be adhesion-bonded, coated or impregnated, the main goal is to impart a strong cohesion to said materials and/or to protect the surface from environmental influences as well as to provide a possibly optimum bond between the materials or primer for further surface treatments.

It is a further object of the present invention to recycle residual materials and waste materials such as, for example, plastics or foam residues for a suitable re-use.

The above-mentioned objects are attained by means of non-baking binders based on polybutadiene oils which oils are liquid at room temperature and aliphatic hydrocarbons characterized in that they contain aliphatic hydrocarbons and/or gum oil (turpentine) which are free from aromatics. - 3 As a result of extensive time-consuming tests it was surprisingly found that the hydrocarbons and/or the gum oil (turpentine) which are free from aromatics are capable of imparting a reduced viscosity to commercially available polybutadiene oils so that for the first time they are extremely easy to handle. Here, the feature of an absence of aromatics is of particular significance, because the conventional contents of aromatics in commercially available aliphatic hydrocarbons such as, for example, white spirits, render the binder unusable and are not recommendable for reasons of environment protection.

It was found that by means of the present invention even materials such as a sand containing more than 2% by weight of water can be bonded, whereas hitherto in prior art particular preparations had to be made in order to keep the water contents as low as possible, for example by a step of thorough glowing. Thus, so far it was required to employ a sand having an SiO2 content in excess of 99.5%.

In addition thereto it was found that in the presence of the aliphatic hydrocarbons and/or the gum oil (turpentine) which are free from aromatics the polybutadiene oils can be stored in commercial containers in the absence of a protective gas atmosphere for a virtually unlimited time without any change occurring in the properties. However, on the other hand, upon mixing, spreading, after high-pressure or lowpressure procedures, immersion, spraying or other operations with building materials, residual materials, waste products and other materials of any kind a setting or drying or baking time is attained which allows a - 4 problem-free application of the non-baking binders for a variety of products.

For example, at room temperature or at a slightly elevated temperature of up to about 50 °C or 70 °C there is achieved a pot life (setting time) of from a few hours to some days, which pot life may be adjusted such as to meet the particular requirements. Processing temperatures of below 0 °C, for example down to -50 °C, are likewise readily usable. Apart from the temperature the pot life will of course depend also on the materials to be consolidated, to be bonded, to be coated or to be impregnated and on the amount of the non-baking binder relative to the amounts of the respective materials. An adjustment of a pre-selected pot life value will be attainable by simple tests, more particularly by varying the temperature and the amount of binder in relation to the respective materials. Furtheron, the ratio of the amounts of polybutadiene oil and aromatics-free aliphatic hydrocarbons and/or turpentine may of course be varied within a wide range so that, besides the pot life, the consolidating action of the non-baking binder can also be varied. Here, high proportions of polybutadiene regularly result in strong bonds. An extremely high setting time may be adjusted by an addition of water, for example in an amount of up to 20% relative to the binder. The use of up to 99% of water allows to make the land to grow green.

The term polybutadiene oils as used within the present invention is understood to include both unsubstituted and substituted polybutadienes which are commercially available in many forms from a variety of suppliers. - 5 Particularly preferred within the scope of the present invention is a polybutadiene oil which comprises about 72% of 1,4-cis double bonds, about 27% of 1,4-trans double bonds and about 1% of 1,2-vinyl double bonds and has a molecular weight of about 1,800, a 3 density of about 0.91 g/cm and a viscosity of 770 mPa·s (Brookfield) at 20 °C. In the product commercially available under the designation Polyol^ 110, the proportions of the respective double bonds vary around the values mentioned. Also, the indication of the molecular weight does not mean that there be present exclusively one polybutadiene having said molecular weight, but it denotes an average molecular weight which may also vary with different batches. The viscosity value set forth above shows that the polybutadiene oil, although it is fluid, is already relatively highly viscous. Nevertheless, such polybutadiene oils still have a sufficient fluidity even at temperatures down to -50 °C.

In a further embodiment, additives known in the art such as those added to synthetic rubbers may in the same manner be added to the polybutadiene oils. A survey on rubber chemicals and additives known in the art is found in Ullmanns Enzyklopadie der Technischen Chemie, 4th edition, volume 13 , pages 637-671. Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention the polybutadiene oils in particular may contain hydrophobing agents, anti-ageing agents, fatigue-preventing agents, fillers, pigments as well as any of the polymer resins known in the building sector based on polyurethanes, silicones, epoxides, acrylates, polyesters, polysulfides as based on inorganic or organic solvents and also water-based ones (solutions or emulsions). Suitable amounts of such agents are known to the artisan, on the one hand, from - 6 the production of synthetic rubber; on the other hand, these amounts are determinable by way of simple testing. The pre-requisite for a use thereof in any case is the compatibility with the polybutadienes and with the solvents to be used. Thus, to the binder according to the invention there may be added, for example, inorganic and/or organic hydrophobing agents known in the art, such as organotin compounds, silicones, alkylchloro- and alkylalkoxysilanes, paraffins, waxes, metal soaps, also those additionally containing aluminum and/or zirconium salts, quaternary organic compounds, urea derivatives of fatty acid-modified melamine resins. The amounts to be added of such compounds will be governed by the desired degree of hydrophobization and may be determined, if so required, by the artisan with simple tests.

In order to accelerate baking, the use of transition metal compounds, and especially of organometal salts of transition metals is likewise known from the production of synthetic rubbers. Accordingly, one preferred embodiment of the present invention consists of employing polybutadiene oils with desiccants of the type of polyvalent organometal salts which allow to adjust a particularly pre-determined setting time.

In a similar manner it may be required or desired to add wetting agents to the polybutadiene oils in order to provide an improved adhesion strength between the baked polybutadiene oils and the material to be consolidated, to be bonded, to be coated or to be impregnated. Due to the per se hydrophobic nature of the polybutadiene oils themselves, non-ionic wetting agents have shown to be particularly advantageous, among which nonylphenol ethoxylates are particularly preferred. As the organometal salts there are preferably used - Ί compounds containing cobalt, lead, magnesium and/or manganese, however such low amounts that the environmental compatibilty of the product will not be impaired and, more specifically, that the water will not be unduly polluted such as to violate the water-protective provisions of the pertinent building regulations.

It is true, all known hydrocarbons are basically suitable to reduce the viscosity of polybutadiene oils. However, commercial hydrocarbons frequently used as solvents mostly contain a larger or lesser amount of aromatics, and particularly of benzene. In contrast thereto, the invention consists of employing aromaticsfree aliphatic hydrocarbons having evaporation indices according to DIN 53 170 (evaporation index of diethylether = 1) in excess of 50, and preferably within the range of from 100 to 1,000. This causes, upon the application of the binders, the aromatics-free aliphatic hydrocarbon or aliphatic hydrocarbon mixture to evaporate in a comparable time while the autoxidation of the polybutadiene oils proceeds. Thus, within the scope of the present invention, it is preferred to use mixtures of isoparaffins having from 8 to 16 carbon atoms, and especially those having from 11 to 13 carbon atoms, and contents of aromatic substances of less than 100 ppm, and especially of less than 50 ppm. That is, the term aromatics-free aliphatic hydrocarbons as used in the context of the present invention is meant to include those aliphatic hydrocarbons to be employed - as also commercially available - which may contain just minor amounts of benzene, for example in the amount of 100 ppm or below. - 8 The term gum oil (turpentine) in the context of the present invention is understood to denote the gum oil (turpentine) as defined, for example, in Ullmanns Enzyklopadie der Technischen Chemie, 4th edition, volume 22, pages 553-564, which in the broadest sense includes natural or synthetic mixtures of mono- or bicyclic monoterpenes besides usually small amounts of terpene-oxygen compounds (e.g. terpene alcohols), sesquiterpenes and other compounds. Thus, there is further differentiated between gum turpentine, wood turpentine (steam-distilled turpentine), sulfate turpentine and destructively distilled wood turpentine, inclusively turpentine substitutes, pine oil or orange terpenes.

In a particular embodiment of the present invention, pine oil may be employed as a component of the non-baking binder. The term pine oil, according to Ullmanns Enzyklopadie der Technischen Chemie, 4th edition, volume 22 , pages 561-562, is understood to mean flammable, colorless to yellow, oily liquids having a pleasant odour, the main components of which are terpene alcohols, mainly α-terpineols, and terpene hydrocarbons. The composition of synthetic pine oil is distinguished from that of natural pine oil, especially by the absence of borneol, camphor, esters, anethole and sesquiterpenes. Nevertheless, both synthetic and natural pine oils are likewise usable within the scope of the present invention.

Thus, according to the invention the binders may contain both aromatics-free hydrocarbons and turpentine besides each other. Moreover, a substitution of the hydrocarbons by the turpentine and vice versa is of course also possible. The ratio of amounts of these - 9 components relative to one another is usually not critical within the scope of the present invention, as both components serve to attain the same object, i.e. to adjust the viscosity and the baking time of the binder. Moreover, these components are causative for generating a good resistance even to moist materials and make the binders according to the invention available to a very broad range of applications.

Also of certain importance is the total amount of the aromatics-free aliphatic hydrocarbons and/or turpentine, relative to the amount of the polybutadiene oils. If the amount of the aromatics-free aliphatic hydrocarbons and/or turpentine is too low, then the viscosity of the binder will of course be high, so that the binder may appear to be not suitable for many practical applications. On the other hand, a low viscosity may be desirable for some applications, especially in the cases of adhesion-bonding or impregnating of materials, where it is desired that the binder will penetrate as deeply as possible into the material. In contrast thereto, when surfaces are to be coated, a high viscosity may be desirable in order to cause the binder to immediately adhere to the surface. The same may be applicable to some particular uses for glueing or impregnating.

If, on the other hand, the dilution of the polybutadiene oils with the aromatics-free aliphatic hydrocarbons and/or turpentine is too high, then the consolidating effect provided by the binder will be too low; this may be compensated by an appropriately selected ratio of the amounts of the material to be consolidated and the binder. - 10 Accordingly, one preferred embodiment of the present invention consists of binders which contain, in addition to polybutadiene oils, aromatics-free aliphatic hydrocarbons in an amount of from 2 to 98% by weight, and especially from 5 to 60% by weight. Due to the own odor of the turpentine, the amounts employed thereof are usually kept lower, so that besides the polybutadiene oils the turpentine is contained in the binders according to the invention in an amount of from 0.5 to 30% by weight, and especially from 1 to 20% by weight. The amounts indicated for aromatics-free aliphatic hydrocarbons and/or turpentine are considered to cover those cases where either the aromatics-free aliphatic hydrocarbons or the turpentine, and especially pine oil, are the only diluent component of the binder as well as the cases where both the aromatics-free aliphatic hydrocarbons and the turpentine are contained in the aromatic binders. The upper limits set forth refer to mixtures comprising both the aromatics-free aliphatic hydrocarbons and the turpentine, so that at least 2% by weight of the polybutadiene oils are present in the binders.

A further embodiment of the case of the simultaneous presence of aromatics-free aliphatic hydrocarbons and pine oil comprises the presence of from 35 to 89.5% by weight, and especially 35 to 55% by weight, of aromatics-free aliphatic hydrocarbons and of from 1 to 15% by weight, and especially 5 to 15% by weight, of turpentine, relative to the binder. Also here the upper limits mentioned above are applicable.

Substituted and modified polybutadiene oils are also known in the state of the art. For example, an - 11 ester-modified water-miscible polybutadiene oil is sold under the designation of PolyvestOC 4000. The commercial product consists of 74% of an ester-modified polybutadiene oil which has been amine-neutralized and 26% of butyl glycol. It was surprisingly found that this water-miscible polybutadiene oil can be excellently dispersed with turpentine. The resulting dispersions can be readily introduced into the binder compositions mentioned above. Upon mixing with a fine moist or dry quartz sand, for example, there will be obtained a building material which does not only have an extremely high compressive strength, but which in addition thereto exhibits a very high resilience when compared to that of concrete or cement products, so that the resulting materials, once comminuted to have the appropriate grain size, are also suitable for making thin-bed putty.

Accordingly, one preferred embodiment of the present invention consists of binder which is characterized in that from 1/2 to 1/20 of the turpentine has been replaced by ester-modified amine-neutralized polybutadiene oil. Moreover, one further preferred embodiment of the binders according to the invention is characterized in that the ester-modified amine-neutralized polybutadiene oil is employed in an amount of from 10 to 30% by weight of the above-mentioned amount of turpentine.

By way of the use of the binders according to the invention there may be consolidated, coated or impregnated, in the first place, building materials, residual materials, waste products and other materials of any kind. Once the materials have been wetted with the binder, for example by mixing, immersing, spraying, spreading, oxidative curing is effected by the action of - 12 the oxygen of the air, preferably at room temperature, whereby the material-binder mixture is glued together. Thus, natural rocks can be durably consolidated, or contaminated building material, domestic waste or other materials of various kinds can be encapsulated by the binders according to the invention.

The ratios of amounts of the materials to be consolidated, to be bonded, to be coated or to be impregnated and the binders depend on the particular requirements of the intended application. If a high consolidating effect is desired, the amount of binder will of course have to be high, while a low amount of binder provides a low consolidating effect, but a high creeping effect. In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the binders are employed in an amount of from 0.02 to 30% by weight, relative to the material, for consolidating, bonding, coating or impregnating building materials, valuable materials, waste materials and other materials of all kinds. A particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises the use of an amount of from 1.5 to 10% by weight of the binder for consolidating building materials, residual materials, waste materials and other materials.

The selection of the materials to be consolidated, to be bonded, to be coated or to be impregnated is virtually unlimited. Thus, more particularly, moist or dry sand, expanded slate, gravel, cement, crushed rock, wood, mineral fibers, for example fibers of asbestos, rock wool, glass or glass wool, foam granules, wood wool, glass wool, rock wool, mica, expanded clay, loam, clay, melt granules, fibers made of synthetic or natural products, ceramic fibers, plastics parts, and especially - 13 those made of polyethylene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, the granules or foams made thereof, minerals, micro-minerals, dusts of all kinds, carbonates, used-tire granulates, grained waste, sewage sludge, combustion residues, fly ashes, waste leftovers from composite members or cement products, slags, glass, foam glass granules, ceramic parts and wastes can be consolidated, bonded, coated or impregnated by means of the binders according to the invention.

Thus, in greater detail, the binders according to the invention may be used for producing consolidated areas such as road areas, sidewalk areas, bikeway areas, tennis courts, car park and garage driveways, courtyard and backyard paving, pavement pointings, balance and levelling floors, screeds for floor heating, levelling screed, molding concrete, thin-bed mortar, thin-bed putty, joint cement, reversed roofs, water-permeable drainage rings around trees, pre-fabricated units and molded parts such as panels, paving, laminated boards, plant vessels, statues, spacers, drainage panels, filter plates, stone blanks, natural-rock replicas, natural rock restorations and in half-timbered building. By means of the present invention it is possible, to bind asbestos fibers, for example when present in the form of spray asbestos of fiber panels, in such a way that an immediate decontamination or clearing from asbestos by a removal of the materials will not be required. Impurities and contaminations will usually not interfere, so that the binders according to the invention can be directly applied onto the surfaces without any precleaning. In the same manner the binders according to the invention can be employed to consolidate plasters or stones of all kinds. In mining, a use is possible for binding coal dust. - 14 A further possibility of coating surfaces, for example, consists of using the binders according to the invention as underseal material or protective against rockfall and gravel in the automotive sector and as an adhesive bridge with grease-containing materials and high-grade steel.

Joint seals, tapes and areas exposed to the action of noxious materials may be sealed, especially by spraying or spreading, so that the noxious materials will be prevented from escaping and a disposal and storage thereof as otherwise obligatory will no longer be necessary.

For example, the binders according to the invention may be employed for the consolidation of single-sized or multi-sized dry sands. The binders, the colors of which usually range from bright green through dark green, brown to violet, mostly have a weak specific inherent odor, that may be superimposed by some amounts of pine oil.

Once the sands or other materials have been wetted with the binders according to the invention, the process of oxidative curing by the oxygen of the air proceeds, for example at room temperature or an elevated temperature, and the building material/binder mixture is glued together to form a body the water-permeability of which is retained.

Once said body is produced in a negative mold, once set it may be released therefrom without trouble. Shaped parts may be directly manufactured in wooden or other molds. Release agents such as, for example, form oil usually are not required. - 15 The binders according to the invention may be employed, for example, as one-component system for consolidating sands of various grain sizes. Depending on the grain size distributions and moisture contents, input amounts of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, and especially from 1.5 to about 10% by weight, of the binder, relative to the material to be consolidated, are preferred. Upon the use of the binder according to the invention, the color shade of the material to be consolidated, and especially of the sand, is not changed. The sand structure and the natural contents of hollow space in the sand are almost completely retained even upon a most compact storage.

Thereby, a good water permeability is constituted of cured binder-sand mixtures. A coloration of the masses, if so desired or required, is possible by way of an addition or per se known weather-resistant colorant pigments to the materials to be consolidated, and so is a previous addition of colorant pigments to the binders.

Curing of the mixtures is effected by an absorption of oxygen from the air and, hence, is temperaturedependent. Typical processing times for mixtures of the binders with various materials of all kinds, for example sand, amount to 12 0 minutes at 3 °C or 60 minutes at 20 °C. The binder-sand mixtures are preferred to be produced in mixer devices (gravity mixers) and have to be further processed immediately. Smaller amounts may be readily processed with the use of commercially available adapters for drilling machines. It is also possible to prepare the mixes by hand. - 16 If the binders according to the invention are added to commercially available cement mixtures, and preferably trass cement compositions which, for example, contain 10 parts by weight of water per 100 parts by weight of trass cement, then a mass setting to be waterresistant can be obtained. Upon the use of the abovementioned modified polybutadiene oil in the binder composition there are obtained more or less resilient molded parts or, in the raw state, also a ready-to-use mortar, and especially thin-bed mortar, fluid putty or thin-bed putty, all of which may be employed for the restoration of concrete. Also possible is the use of the binders in conventional adhesion promoters or coating agents. Hereby the materials may be partially or completely encapsulated.

In addition thereto, it will be possible to use the binders as additives in all known concrete, screed, plaster and joint materials. Irrespectively of whether these materials are of mineral, synthetic or syntheticmodified origin, the property profile of the materials employed will not be deteriorated, but will in most cases be improved by an addition of the binder according to the invention. If said binder is used for the manufacture of concrete it may be observed that the tendency to rusting of the reinforcements because of the higher surface flexibility is reduced in comparison to that of the same samples in the absence of said binder. - 17 EXAMPLE Prisms having the dimensions of 4 x 4 x 16 cm were made from 100 parts by weight of sand having a moisture content of about 2 % and 2 parts by weight of a binder consisting of 41.4 parts by weight of polybutadiene oil (UnivestS, Huis AG) , 10.9 parts by weight of pine oil (as commercially available, specific weight at 15.5 °C within the range of from 0.916 to 0.924; terpene alcohol content about 70 to 75%); 10.2 parts by weight of a water-dilutable unsaponifiable amine-neutralized 1,4-cis-polybutadiene oil (74% by weight in butyl glycol) (Polyvest^R^ OC 4000) and 37.5 parts by weight of aliphatic hydrocarbons (Shellsol^ T) (relative molecular weight of 172, an evaporation index according to DIN 53 170 of 107, an unmeasurable content of aromatics of less than 0.01% by weight of benzene and a boiling range of from 182 °C to 212 °C).

The resulting compressive strength was 13.2 N/mm after 3 days at 50 °C, 18.5 N/mm2 after 7 days at 50 °C and at least 30 N/mm after 28 days.

The tensile bending strength was determined to be 6.0 N/mm2 after 3 days at 50 °C. The modulus of 3 2 elasticity (Young's modulus) was about 2.9 x 10 N/mm , and the tensile strength according to DIN 53 455 was 2.0 N/mm2.

The shear strength was about 1.3 N/mm without an applied load.

The starting sand was a crystal sand of the grain grade ISO preferred series G 40, G 40T exhibiting a grain size distribution within the range of from 0.25 to 1 mm.

Claims

1.CLAIMS : 1. Non-baking binders based on polybutadiene oils which oils are liquid at room temperature and aliphatic hydrocarbons, characterized in that they contain aliphatic hydrocarbons and/or gum oil (turpentine) which are free from aromatics.

2. The binders according to claim 1, characterized in that the aromatics-free aliphatic hydrocarbons have an evaporation index according to DIN 53 170 in excess of 50, and especially of from 100 to 1,000.

3. The binders according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the polybutadiene oil comprises about 72% of 1,4-cis double bonds, about 27% of 1,4-trans double bonds and about 1% of 1,2-vinyl double bonds and has a molecular weight of about 1,800, a density of about 0.91 g/cm^ and a viscosity of 770 mPa·s (Brookfield) at 20 °C.

4. The binders according to anyone or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the polybutadiene oil contains hydrophobing agents, anti-ageing agents, fatiguepreventing agents, fillers and/or pigments and/or polymer resins.

5. The binders according to anyone or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the polybutadiene oil contains desiccants of the type polyvalent organometal salts and/or non-ionic wetting agents.

6. 8. 9. 10. - 19 The binders according to claim 5, characterized in that the organometal salts contain cobalt, lead, magnesium and/or manganese. The binders according to claim 5, characterized in that they contain nonylphenol ethoxylates as non-ionic wetting agents. The binders according to anyone or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that they contain, in addition to the polybutadiene oils, aromatics-free aliphatic hydrocarbons in an amount of from 2 to 98% by weight, and especially from 5 to 60% by weight, relative to the binder. The binders according to anyone or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that they contain, in addition to the polybutadiene oils, turpentine in an amount of from 0.5 to 30% by weight, and especially from 1 to 2 0% by weight, relative to the binder. The binders according to anyone or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that they contain pine oil as the turpentine. The binders according to claim 10, characterized in that they contain, in addition to the polybutadiene oils, from 35 to 89.5% by weight, and especially 35 to 55% by weight, of aromatics-free aliphatic hydrocarbons and of from 1 to 15% by weight, and especially 5 to 15% by weight, of pine oil. 11. - 20 12 . 13 . 14 . 15. 16. 1

7. The binders according to anyone or more of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that from 1/2 to 1/2 0 of the turpentine has been replaced by ester-modified amineneutralized polybutadiene oil. The binders according to claim 12, characterized in that the ester-modified amine-neutralized polybutadiene oil substitutes for from 10 to 3 0% by weight of the turpentine. Use of the binder according to anyone or more of claims 1 to 13 for the consolidation, constructional glueing, coating or impregnation of building materials, residual materials, waste products and other materials of any kind. The use according to claim 14 in an amount of from 1 to 30% by weight, and especially from 1.5 to 10% by weight, relative to the materials to be consolidated, to be bonded, to be coated or to be impregnated. Use of the binder according to anyone or more of claims 1 to 13 as an additive in per se known concrete, screed, plaster and joint materials. The use according to claims 14 or 15, characterized in that as the building material there is employed moist or dry sand, expanded slate, gravel, cement, crushed rock, wood, mineral fibers, for example fibers of asbestos, rock wool, glass or glass wool, foam granules, wood wool, glass wool, rock wool, mica, expanded clay, loam, clay, melt granules, fibers made of synthetic or natural products, ceramic fibers, plastics parts, and especially those made of polyethylene, polyurethane, 1

8. 1

9. - 21 polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, the granules or foams made thereof, minerals, micro-minerals, dusts of all kinds, carbonates, used-tire granulates, grained waste, sewage sludge, combustion residues, fly ashes, waste leftovers from composite members or cement products, slags, glass, foam glass granules, ceramic parts and wastes. The use according to claims 14 or 15 for producing consolidated areas such as road areas, sidewalk areas, bikeway areas, tennis courts, car park and garage driveways, courtyard and backyard paving, pavement pointings, balance and levelling floors, screeds for floor heating, levelling screed, molding concrete, thin-bed mortar, thin-bed putty, joint cement, reversed roofs, waterpermeable drainage rings around trees, pre-fabricated units and molded parts such as panels, paving, laminated boards, plant vessels, statues, spacers, drainage panels, filter plates, stone blanks, natural-rock replicas, natural rock restorations and in half-timbered building. The use according to claims 14 or 15 for making an underseal material or protective against rockfall and gravel and/or for cavity sealing in the automotive sector. The use according to claims 14 or 15 as adhesion promoter and/or primer, especially in the building sector. 20. - 22 21. Non-baking binders substantially as described herein by way of Example. 22. Use of the binder as claimed in claim 21 for consolidation, 5 constructional glueing, coating or impregnation of building materials residual materials, waste products and other materials of any kind. 23. Use of a binder substantially as described herein by way of Example.