IE870808L - Growth retardant malonates - Google Patents

Abstract

Method of retarding plant growth comprises applying an effective amt. of cpd. of formula (I), R1 and R2 are independently a substd. or unsubstd. carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system, Y1 and Y2 are independently a substd. or unsubstd. heteroatom. Y3 and Y4 are independently hydrogen or a substd. or unsubstd. heteroatom or substd. carbon atom or a substd. or unsubstd. branched ot straight chain contg. two or more carbon atoms, or heteroatoms or (e.g.) halogen, alkylcarbonyl, formyl, alkylcarbonylalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, etc. [ES2004911A6]

Description

64777 NOVEL MALONIC ACID DFRTVATTVF mMPntmn'; AND COMPOSITTnuc THFRFOF FOR RETARDING PI ANT KRdUTH- / This invcndon relates to novel malonic acid derivative compounds and to the compositions thereof, for retarding plant growth. 5 Background of the Invention Certain malonic acid derivative compounds have been known for some time in the an. See, for example, U.S. Patent 2.504,896 and U.S. Patent 3,254,108.

Some malonic add derivative compounds have been described in the ait as capable ^0 of providing certain plant growth regulating responses such as prevention of fruit drop, rooting of cuttings and formation of parthenogenetic fruit.

U.S. Patent3,072,473 describes N-arylmalonamic acids and their esters and salts, N, N"-diarylmalonamides, N-alkyl-N-arylmalonamic acids and their esters and salts, and N, IT-dialkyl-N. N"-diarylmalonamides which may be useful as plane 15 growth rcgulants and hcrbicides. Japanese Patent 84 39,803 (1984) describes malonic add anilide derivative compounds "which may be useful as plant growth regulators. The plant growth regulating properties of substituted malonyl monoanllidcs arc described by Shindo. N. and Kato, 3VL, Mciji Daigaku Noogaku-bu Kenkyu Hokoku, Vol. 63, pp. 41-58 (1984). 20 However, certain malonic acid derivative compounds and compositions thereof, for retarding plant growth as described herein, have not been disclosed in the art.

Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide novel malonic acid 2 5 derivative compounds and compositions thereof. These and other objects will readily become apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the teachings herein set fc-nh. ^ n o u f 35 64777 2 Disclosure of the Invention This invention relates to novel malonic acid derivative compounds. More precisely this invention relates to a cyclopropylmalonanilate derivative compound capable of retarding plant growth having the formula: wherein Z'j Y'g, Y'-j, Yg, YVj, Y'jq, and R"jq are defined hereinafter.

This invention further rdates to compositions for retarding plant growth 15 comprising an acceptable carrier and an effective amount, sufficient to retard plant growth, of a compound of formula L 20 Detailed Description As indicated above, this invention relates in a first object to a novel cyclopropylmalonanilate derivative compound. More precisely, this invention relates to a cyclopropylmalonanilate derivative compound having the formula: 25 v' Y ' 7 9 ? 7 30 Y* ,,-C C-Y' 8 JL ' "io~Y' <.-CK>C-N (f K- I 1| | A_/ O O Y*, 35 wherein: Z'n is the same or different and is one or more hydrogen, halogen, haloalkyl, polyhaloalkyl, polyhaloalkoxy, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, aiyl, aiyloxy, arylthio, arylsulfonyl, nitro, cyano, dialkoxyphosphinyl, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkanoylamino, sulfonylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, alkanoyloxy, alkenyl or -CH = CH-CH = CH-; Y'g is hydrogen or alkyl; Y'-j, Y'g, Y9 and Y'jq are independently hydrogen, halogen or alkyl; Y'41 is 0, S.orNH; R"10 is hydrogen, ammonium, alkylammonium, polyalkylammonium, hydroxyalkylammonium, poly(hydroxyalkyl)ammonium, an allcali metal or alkaline earth metal or alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, aryl, mercaptoalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkylsylfonylalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkanoylalkyl, aroylalkyl, dialkoxyphosphinylalkyl, diaxyloxyphosphinylalkyl, hydroxyalkylthioalkyl, hydroxyalkylsulfonylalkyl, alkoxyalkylthioalkyl, alkoxyalkylsulfonylalkyl, poly(oxyalkylene)alkyl, cyanoalkyl, nitroalkyl, alkylideneamino, carbamoylalkyl, alkylcarbamoylalkyl, dialkylcarbamoylalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkanoylaminoalkyl, alkanoyloxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, cyanoaminoalkyl, carbamoyloxyalkyl, alkylcarbamoyloxyalkyl, dialkylcarbamoyloxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyloxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylthioalkyl, aminosulfonylalkyl, alkylaminosulfonylalkyl or dialkylaminosulfonylalkyl.

Illustrative cyclopropylmalonanilate derivative compounds within the scope of formula 1 which may be prepared and used for retarding plant growth according to the present invention are included in Tables 1 and 2 below. 4 TABLE 1 ' Representative Malonic Acid. Derivative Compoi"^g 5 y% 11a Xla y',„ yva R'1n=R",n-Y'., z'„ h h h h h OH 2-C2H5-4-Cl h h h h h och3 2-CaHs-4-Cl h h h h h OH 2-CaHs-4-Br h h h h h OC3Hs 2-CaHs-4-Br h h h h ch3 OH 4-C1 h h h h ch3 ONa 4-Br h h h H ch3 OH 3,4-Cla H H H H ch3 OCaHs 2-CI-4-Br H H H H ch3 OH 2-F-4-Br H H H H H OH 3-F-4-C1 H H H H H och3 3-F-4-Br H H H H H NHa 2-CH3-4-Br H H H H H onh4 2-CH3-4-Br H H ch3 H H OH 2-F-4-C1 CI CI ch3 H H OK 2-CH3-4-Cl 30 35 5 TABLE 1 (Continued) The cyclopropylmalonanilate derivative compounds encompassed within formulaJ^and die intermediate compounds used in the preparation thereof can be prepared by conventional methods known in the art and many may be available from various suppliers. More precisely, the cyclopropylmalonanilate derivative compounds can be prepared by the following general reaction scheme: Y 9 Y 7 Y'irw l l v 10 C—C"Y 8 R"iO—Y'AI -C-C-C-CI 41 II O li o + hy2 21 Acid soeptc -HCl Y'g Y'y Y' i ' v1* 1 10 C—CY 8 Acceptor, R^o-Y* wherein Z'j j, y7, Y'g, Y'g, Yjq. Y'^j and R"ig are as defined hereinabove and wherein Y21 is NH or N(alkyl).

Reactions of this general type for preparing malonic acid derivative compounds including process conditions are described for example by Richter, G.H., Textbook of Organic Chemistry, Third Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, p. 486, according to the known Schotten Baumann procedure.

Specific cyclopropylmalonanilate derivative compounds which are prepared and used in a preferred embodiment of this invention include: 8 10 15 20 V CH3CHj-0 C—C—C—NH—=/ o o ch3 v ~ HO—C—C—e—NH—f ^—Cl II I r' O O Cl ch,ch,-0 c—c c—nh—f v— cl o ! 25 OOF 35 HO—G c-^-c—nh I I Cl O O o o ho c—c c—nh—cf3 The international application published under the P.C.T. with the number 87/05781, on 8 October 1987 describes synergistic plant growth regulator compositions containing (i) an ethylene response or an ethylene-type response inducing agent and (ii) a malonic acid derivative compound of formuIa_l.

The cyclopropylmalonanilate derivative compounds of formula have been found to significantly retard plant growth in comparison with untreated plants at similar conditions. In addition, the cyclopropylmalonanilate derivative compounds used in this invention are substantially non-phytotoxic to growing plants.

As used herein, an effective amount of a cyclopropylmalonanilate derivative compound for retarding plant growth refers to a growth retarding effective amount of the compound sufficient to retard plant growth. The effective amount of compound can vary over a wide range depending on the particular compound employed, the particular plant to be treated, environmental and climatic conditions, and die like. The amount of compound used preferably does riot cause substantial phytotoxicity, e.g., foliar bum, chlorosis or necrosis, to the plant In general, the compound can preferably be applied to plants at a concentration of from about 0.01 to 15 pounds of compound per acre as more fully described below.

The cyclopropylmalonanilate derivative compounds contemplated by formula 1 can be employed according to a variety of conventional methods known to those skilled in the art. Compositions containing the compounds as the active ingredient will usually comprise a carrier and/or diluent, either liquid or solid. Suitable liquid diluents or carriers include water, petroleum distillates, or other liquid carriers with or without surface active agents. Liquid concentrates can be prepared by dissolving one of these compounds with a nonphytotoxic solvent such as acetone, xylene, 10 nitrobenzene, cydohexanone or dimethyl formamlde and dispersing the active Ingredients 1n water with the aid of suitable surface active emulsifying and dispersing agents.

The choice of dispersing and emulsifying agents and the amount employed are dictated by the nature of the composition and the ability of the. agent to facilitate the dispersion of the active ingredient. Generally, 1t is desirable to use as little of the agent as is possible, consistent with the desired dispersion of the active ingredient in the spray so that rain does not re-emuls1fy the active Ingredient after it 1s applied to the plant and wash 1t off the plant. Nonlonlc, anionic, or catlonic dispersing and emulsifying agents may be employed, for example, the condensation products of alkylene oxides with phenol and organic acids, alkyl aryl sulfonates, complex, ether alcohols, quaternary ammonium compounds, and the like.

In the preparation of wettable powder or dust compositions, the active ingredient is dispersed 1n and on an appropriately divided solid carrier such as clay, talc, bentonite, dlatomaceous earth, fuller's earth, and the like. In the formulation of the wettable powders, the aforementioned dispersing agents as well as lianosulfonates can be included.

The required amount of the active ingredient contemplated herein can be applied per acre treated in from 1 to 200 gallons or more of liquid carrier and/or diluent or 1n from about 5 to 500 pounds of inert solid carrier and/or diluent. 11 10 15 The concentration 1n the liquid concentrate will usually vary from about 5 to 95 percent by weight and In the solid formulations from about 0.5 to about 90 percent by weight. Satisfactory sprays or dusts for general use contain from about 0.001 to about 100 pounds of active Ingredient per acre, preferably from about 0.01 to about 15 pounds of active Ingredient per acre, and more preferably from about 0.1 to about 5 pounds of active ingredient per acre.

- Formulations useful 1n the conduct of this Invention can also contain other optional Ingredients such as stabilizers or other biologically active compounds. Insofar as they do not Impair or reduce the activity of the active Ingredient and do not harm the plant being treated.

Other biologically active compounds include, for example, one or more 1nsect1c1dal, herblcldal, fungicidal, nematlcldal, m1t1c1dal, plant growth regulators or other known compounds. Such combinations can be used for the known or other purpose of each Ingredient and may provide a synergistic effect.

The cyclopropylmalonanilate derivative compounds of 25 formula 1 are preferably applied to plants under substantially average or normal growing conditions.The cyclo-propylmalonanilatederivative compounds used 1n this Invention may be applied during the plant vegetative growth phase or the plant reproductive growth phase 3Q to obtain plant growth retardation.

Such compounds are useful 1n agriculture, horticulture and related fields and can be applied 20 35 12 1n general to both gymnosperms and anglosperms, in particular, to vegetation such as woody plants and turfgrasses to retard plant growth. The compounds are useful, for example. In controlling the height of vegetation In right-of-way areas and for growth retardation following pruning of trees and shrubs and the like with no adverse ecological effect.

As used herein, plants refer In general to any agronomic or horticultural plants, woody plants, ornamentals and turfgrasses. Illustrative of woody plants which can be treated by the c^lx^rc^lmalonanilate derivative compounds of formula 1 according to the method of this invention Include, for example, red maple, sycamore, red oak, American elm, linden, ginkgo, oaks, ashes, maples, apple trees, Chinese elm, crabapples, Russian olive, silver maple, sugar maple, water oak, poplars, conifers and the like. Illustrative of other plants which can be treated by the compounds of formula 1 according to the method of this Invention Include, for example, corn, cotton, sweet potatoes, white potatoes, alfalfa, wheat, rye, rice, barley, oats, sorghum, dry beans, soybeans, sugar beets, sunflowers, tobacco, tomatoes, canola, deciduous fruit, citrus fruit, tea, coffee, olives, pineapple, cocoa, banana, sugar cane, oil palm, herbaceous bedding plants, woody shrubs, turfgrasses, ornamental plants, evergreens, trees, flowers, and the like.

The cyqlopTOpylmaljananilate derivative canpounds contemplated herein are effective 1n retarding plant growth. Such compounds have a high margin of safety in that when used 1n sufficient amount to provide a 13 growth redardatlon effect, they do not burn or Injure the plant, and they resist weathering which Includes wash-off caused by rain, decomposition by ultraviolet light, oxidation, or hydrolysis 1n the presence of moisture or, at least, such decomposition, oxidation, and hydrolysis as would materially decrease the desirable plant growth retardant characteristic of the active Ingredient or Impart undesirable characteristics, for Instance, phytotoxlclty, to the active Ingredients. Mixtures of the active compounds can be employed 1f desired as well as combinations of the active compounds with other biologically active compounds or Ingredients as Indicated above.

This invention 1s illustrated by the following examples. 14 Example I■ Preparation of ethyl l-(2-methvl-4.5-d1chloro-phenylamlnocarbonvPcvclopropanecarboxvlate Into a nitrogen-purged round bottom flask was charged 5.53 grams (0.03 mole) of 2-methyl-4,5-dlchloroanlllne, 3.18 grams (0.03 mole) of trlethylamlne and 190 milliliters of tetrahydrofuran solvent. With vigorous stirring, a 5.55 gram (0.03 mole) portion of ethyl 1-chlorocarbonylcyclopropane-carboxylate prepared In Example V was added 1n one portion, after which the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for a six-hour period. A precipitate of trlethylamlne hydrochloride was then filtered off and the filtrate vacuum stripped to give a light yellow solid. The solid was taken up 1n ether and the solution water-washed, dried over magnesium sulfate, and solvent evaporated to give' a yellow powder. RecrystalUzatlon from ethyl acetate-hexane gave 4.51 grams (0.01 mole) of ethyl 1-(2-methyl-4,5-d1chlorophenylam1nocarbony1)cyclo-propanecarboxylate having a melting point of 105*C-107°C. Elemental analysis of the product Indicated the following: Analysis: Ci4H15C12N°3 Calculated: C, 53.18; H, 4.78; N, 4.43 Found: C, 53.41; H, 4.76; N, 4.44 This compound Is referred to hereinafter as Compound 77.

Example II In a manner similar to that employed In Example I, other compounds were prepared. The structures and analytical data for Compounds 78 through 96 are set forth 1n Table A below. 15 TABLE A Representative Malonic Acid Derivative Compounds H-C CH, , \/ R'^O-C-C—C—NH -v ) i i Substituents Elemental Analysis Calculated Found Melting Point 1 5 Compound R *2 No. 2\ C h N C h N ®C 78 czhs 2,4,5-Cla 46.38 3.59 4.16 46.69 3.99 4.10 130-132.5 79 c2hs 3,4-Cl2 51.67 4.34 4.64 51.95 4.34 4.72 107-110 20 80 C2hs 2,4-Clz 51.67 4.34 4.64 51.27 4.53 4.46 95-98 81 c2h; 2,5-Clz 51.67 4.34 4.64 51.36 4.48 4.49 105-108 82 C2Hs 2-F-4-C1 54.65 4.59 4.90 54.92 4.71 4.85 94.5-96 83 c2hs 4-Cl 58.32 5.27 5.23 58.15 5.29 5.16 91-93 84 C2Hs 4-Br 50.02 4.52 4.49 50.18 4.69 4.52 92.5-95 25 85 CzHg 3,4-Brz 39.92 3.35 3.58 40.18 3.47 3.60 128-130 86 caha 3,5-BRz 39.92 3.35 3.58 39.82 3.32 3.46 .91-92.5 87 c2hs 2,4-Br2 39.92 3.35 3.58 40.02 3.61 3.11 102-103.5 88 c2hs 2-Cl-4-Br 45.04 3.78 4.04 45.28 3.98 3.90 109-110.5 89 c2hs 2-Br-4-Cl 45.04 3.78 4.04 44.89 4.29 3.80 95-96 30 90 CzHg 3-Cl-4-Br 45.04 3.78 4.04 45.16 4.20 3.79 113-116 91 CZHS 2-CH3-4-Br-5-Cl 46.62 4.19 3.88 48.14 4.74 3.86 119-121 92 c2hs 2-F-4-Br 47.29 3.97 4.24 46.87 4.07 4.02 102-103 93 c2hs h . 66.83 6.47 6.00 66.54 6.48 5.80 85-89 94 c2h3 3,5-Cl2 51.67 4.34 4.64 51.52 4.52 4.36 64-67 35 95 C2hs 4rClT 65.10 5.46 10.85 65.02 5.51 10.67 129-132 96 c2h3 2-CH3-4-Br 51.55 4.94 4.29 51.72 4.74 4.31 89-91 5 10 16 Example III Preparation of l-(2-methvl-4.5-d1chloro-phenylamlnocarbonvlIcvclopropanecarboxyl1c acid A solution containing 0.34 gram (0.006 mole) of potassium hydroxide and 0.109 gram (0.006 mole) of water 1n 80 milliliters of ethanol was prepared 1n a 250 milliliter round bottom flask. With cooling to a temperature of 0°C 1n an 1ce/NaCl bath.and stirring, a solution of ethyl l-(2-methyl-4,5-d1chlorophenylam1nocarbonyl)cyclo-propanecarboxylate prepared 1n Example I In a small volume of ethanol was added and the mixture allowed to stir with warming to room temperature over a 72 hour period. The ,mixture was vacuum evaporated to give a white solid residue which was dissolved 1n water and extracted twice with ether. The ether extracts were discarded. The water solution was acidified to a pH of 2 with 25% HC1 solution causing separation of a solid which was taken up Into ether, and the acidified aqueous phase was extracted four times. The combined ether extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate and vacuum evaporated to give a white-solid. This white solid was water-washed and dried 1n a vacuum oven to give 1.85 grams (0.006 mole) of l-(2-methyl-4,5- dlchlorophenylamlnocarbonylJcyclopropanecarboxyl1c acid having a melting point of 248°C-251°C.

Elemental analysis of the product Indicated the following: Analysis: C,_H,,C1_N0_ J 12 11 2 3 Calculated: C. 50.02; H, 3.85; N, 4.86 Found: C, 50.51; H, 4.31; N, 4.83 17 This compound U referred to hereinafter as Compound 110.

Example IT In a manner similar to that employed 1n Example IU other compounds were prepared. The structures and analytical data for Compounds 111 through 128 are set forth 1n Table B below. 18 TABLE B Representative Malonic Acid Derivative Compounds H2C—Oiz V z\ MorT" 0 0 10 Substituents Elemental Analysis Melting Calculated Found Point Compound z'.

C H N C H N °C No.

Ill 2-CH3~4-Br 48.34 4.06 4.70 48.20 4.06 4.66 204.5-206 112 2,4,5-Cla 42.82 2.61 4.54 43.11 3.14 4.42 250 113 2,5-Clz 48.20 3.31 5.11 48.33 3.26 4.96 223.5-226 114 2,4-Clz 48.20 3.31 5.11 45.26 3.40 5.03 189-190 115 2-F-4-C1 51.27 3.52 5.44 51.18 3.70 5.22 202-204 116 4-Cl 55.12 4.21 5.84 54.69 4.35 5.59 217-219 117 4-Br 46.50 3.55 4.93 46.36 3.45 4.86 220-222 118 3,4-Brz 36.39 2.50 3.86 37.13 2.70 3.83 224-226.5 119 3,5-Brz 36.39 2.50 3.86 36.99 2.60 3.82 211-212 120 2,4-Brz 36.39 2.50 3.86 36.61 2.95 4.04 222-225 121 2-Cl-4-Br 41.47 2.85 4.40 39.74 3.90 3.95 166-168 (dec.) 122 2-Br-4-Cl 41.47 2.85 4.40 41.67 3.28 3.91 210-211 123 3-Cl-4-Br 41.47 2.85 4.40 41.70 3.23 4.11 211-214 124 2-CH3-4-8r-5-Cl 43.33 3.33 4.21 45.47 4.08 3.91 231-234 125 2-F-4-Br 43.73 3.00 4.64 43.97 3.05 4.30 203.5-207 126 4-CF3 52.75 3.69 5.13 52.73 3.90 5.04 195-196.5 15 25 30 35 128 3,4-Cl3 40.0?(S, H) ppm.

I 48.20 | 3.31 J 5.11 I 48.79 I 3.80/ 5.261 220-222.5 19 EXAMPLE V Preparation of ethvl 1-chlorocarbonvl-cvclopropanecarboxvlate Into a stirred solution containing 15.1 grams (0.27 mole) of potassium hydroxide 1n 240 milliliters of ethanol and 4.83 grams (0.27 mole) of water was added dropwlse, with cooling at a temperature of 0°C, 50.0 grams (0.27 mole) of diethyl 1,1-cyclopropanedlcarboxylate. The mixture was stirred for about 16 hours at room temperature. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give a white residue which was dissolved 1n water and extracted with ether. The water solution was acidified to a pH of 2 with 25% aqueous hydrochloric acid and the organic acid was extracted from the aqueous suspension with-ethyl.ether (4 x 400 milliliters). The ether extract was dried over magnesium sulfate and vacuum stripped to give the monocarboxyllc acid as a clear liquid. The clear liquid was dissolved 1n 300 milliliters of methylene chloride after which 74 grams (0.62 mole) of thlonyl chloride were added, and the resulting mixture was then heated under reflux for approximately 16 hours. Volatlles were removed under reduced pressure to give 45.7 grams (0.25 mole) of ethyl 1-chlorocarbonylcyclopropanecarboxylate. NMR analysis of the product Indicated the following: NHR (C0C13): <5 1 .22-1.50 (t, 3H), 1.75 (s, 4H), 4.1-4.52 (q, 2H) ppm.

This compound 1s referred to hereinafter as Compound 155. 20 EXAMPLE VI Effect of Representative cyclopropylmalonanilate Derivative Compounds on Plant Growth Retardation-Snapbeans and Wheat Solutions of the test compounds identified in Table C below were prepared by dissolving 68.8 milligrams of the particular compound in S.S milliliters of acetone and then adding water to a final volume of 11.0 milliliters. If clouding of the solution occurred as the water was added, the use of water was discontinued and acetone was added to a final volume of 1.0 milliliters. The resulting stock solutions contained 6255 parts per million by weight of the particular compound, the test concentration in parts of the test compound per million parts by weight of final solution employed in the growth retardation tests in Table C were obtained by appropriate dilutions of the stock suspension with acetone and water (50/50 volume/volume).

Seeds of snapbeans, wheat, velvetleaf, cucumber, sunflower, flax, buckwheat, tomato, perennial tye, marigold, soybean, barnyard grass, wild oats and pea were planted in a sandy loam soil in a flat having the following dimensions: 3.5 inches (i.e. 8,89 cm) in width x 7.9 inches (i.e. 20 cm) in lenght x 1.0 inches (i.e. 2,54 cm) in height Twelve to fourteen days after planting at the time the first trifoliolate leaf of snapbean is at least 3.0 centimeters long, each concentration of the test compounds identified in Table C was applied to one flat as a foliar spray by use of an aspirated spray apparatus set at 10 psig (i.e. 78,9.10^ Pa) air pressure (all flats sprayed at a rate of 4 pounds of active ingredient i.e. 4,48 kg/ha per acre). As a control, a water-acetone solution containing no test compound was also sprayed on a flat When dry, all of the flats of plants were placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of 80"F t. 5*F and humidity of 50 percent 15 percent Visual indications of growth retardation activity were observed and recorded 10 to 14 days after treatment Visual observations of growth retardation were recorded employing a system of numerical ratings. Numerical ratings from "0" to "10" were used to 21 designate the degree of growth retardation activity observed in comparison with the untreated control. A "0" rating indicates no visible response, a "5" rating indicates 50 percent more growth retardation in comparison with the control, and a "10" rating indicates 100 percent more growth retardation in comparison with the control. Stated in a similar way, a "5" rating indicates that the increment in plant growth is only half that of the control or that the plant has increased in growth at half the rate of the control. This rating system indicates any retardation of plant height as compared to the untreated control. The results are reported in Table C 22 TABLE C Effect of Representative Active Compounds on Plant Growth Retardation Snapbeans 5 Compound No. Growth Retardation Rat-iwry Control 0 78 2 10 79 5 80 2 81 2 82 3 83 2 15 84 4 • 85 • 2 86 2 87 . 2 88 3 20 90 2 92 4 94 95 3 110 4 25 111 9 112 3 114 4 115 3 116 7 30 H7 2 118 2 120 2 35 23.

TABLE C (Continued) Effect of Representative Active Compounds on-Plant Growth Retardation Snapbeans Compound Ho. Growth Retardation Rating 121 4 122 4 123 3 125 5 126 4 128 2 24 TABLE C Effect of Representative Active Compounds on' Plant Growth Retardation Wheat Compound No. Growth Retardation Rating Control 0 82 2 10 84 2 88 2 92 3 110 2 111 3 15 114 4 115 5 116 2 117 2 121 2 20 122 2 123 2 125 2 126 2 25 The results in Table C demonstrate that treatment of plants with cycloprop ylmalonanilate derivative compounds provides significant growth retardation in comparison with untreated control plants. 30 35 25 EXAMPLE Vn Effect of Representative cyclopropylmalonanilate Derivative Compounds on Plant Growth Retardation-Wheat Solutions of the test compounds identified in Table D below were prepared by dissolving the compounds in acetone/water (50:50 volume/volume) containing 0.05 percent volume/volume of Triton X-100 surfactant commercially available from Rhom and Haas Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As detailed below, these solutions of test compounds were applied to wheat at a concentration of 0.5 pounds of active ingredient per acre (i.e. 0,56 kg/ha) or 1.0 pounds of active ingredient per acre (i.e. 1,12 kg/ha).

Wheat seeds were planted in a sandy loam soil in a flat having the following dimensions : 3.5 inches in width x 7.9 inches in length x 1.0 inches in height Eight days after emergence at the 2-3 leaf growth stage of wheat, each concentration of the test compounds identified in Table D was applied to one flat as a foliar spray by use of an aspirated spray apparatus set at 10 psig air pressure (all flats sprayed at a volume of 120 gallons per acre i.e. 11221/ha).

As a control, a water-acetone solution containing no test compound was also sprayed on a flat When dry, all of the flats of wheat were placed in a greenhouse at a temperature of 80*F + 5*F (i.e. 27*C + 3*Q and humidity of 50 percent + 5 percent Visual indications of growth retardation activity were observed and recorded 14 days after treatment Visual observations of growth retardation woe recorded employing a system of percentage ratings. These percentage ratings from 0 to 100 were used to designate the degree of growth retardation activity observed in comparison with the untreated control. A 0 percent rating indicates no visible response, a 50 percent rating indicates that the increment in wheat growth is only half that of the control or that wheat has increased in growth at half the rate of the control and a 100 percent rating indicates a maximum response. This rating system indicates any retardation of wheat height as compared to the untreated control. The results are reported in Table D. 26 . TABLE D Effect of Representative Active Compounds on Plant Growth Retardation - Wheat Compound Rate Percent Growth No. (Pounds/Acre^ Retardation Control - 0 Compound 96 0.5 30 1.0 40 Compound 111 0.5 60 1.0 70 Compound 114 0.5 20 1.0 30 Compound 82 0.5 10 1.0. 10 Compound 115 0.5 30 1.0 40 Compound 116 0.5 40 1.0 70 Compound 117 0.5 50 1.0 60 The results in Table D demonstrate that treatment of wheat with cyclopropylmalonanilate derivative compounds provides significant growth retardation in comparison with untreated control wheat 27 EXAMPLE Vm Effect of Representative Cyclopropylmalonanilate Derivative Compounds on Plant Growth Retardation-Red Maple and Sycamore Solutions of the test compounds identified in Table E below were prepared by dissolving the compounds in acetone/water (50 : 50 volume/volume) containing 0.1 percent volume/volume of Triton X-100 surfactant commercially available from Rhom and Haas Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As detailed below, these solutions of test compounds were applied to red maple and sycamore at a concentration of 1.0,2.0 or 4.0 pounds of active ingredient per acre (i.e. 1.12; 2.24 ; or 4.48 kg/ha).

Bare-root seedlings of red maple (Acerrubruml and sycamore (Platanus occidentalism were obtained commercially and grown in one gallon plastic containers containing a sandy loam soil The seedlings were maintained in a greenhouse at a temperature of 80*F + 5*F (i.e. 27°C + 3*C) and humidity of 50 + 5 percent After a period of one month, the developing trees were disbudded to one main dominant shoot 4-6 inches (i.e. 10,16 - 15,24 cm) in length. At this time, each concentration of the test compounds identified in Table E was applied to separate trees as a foliar spray by use of an aspirated spray apparatus set at 10 psig (Le. 78,9.10^ Pa) air pressure (all trees sprayed at a volume of 120 gallons per acre i.e. 11221/ha). As a control, a water-acetone solution containing no test compound was also sprayed on certain trees. When dry, all of the trees were returned to the greenhouse for a period of one month. Measured indications of growth retardation activity were observed and recorded at this time (one month after treatment).

The percent retardation of shoot elongation in Table E was determined by actual measurement of the shoot of each tree which was compared to the untreated control. The average shoot length of the untreated control trees was 48 centimeters for red maple and 53 centimeters for sycamore, the results in Table E represent the average of 3 repetitions. 28 TABLE E Effect of Representative Active Compounds on Plant Growth Retardation - Red Maple and Sycamore Percent Retardation of Shoot Elongation Compound Rate Red No.

(Pounds per Acre) Maple Svcamore Control — 0 0 Compound 96 1.0 34 15 2.0 40 16 4.0 43 20 Compound 111 1.0 76 77 2.0 97 84 4.0 97 88 The results in Table E demonstrate that treatment of red maple and sycamore with cyclopropylmalonanilate derivative compounds provides significant growth retardation in comparison with untreated control red maple and sycamore. 29 Example XIX Effect of Representative .Cyclc?propvlnBlonanilate Derivative Compounds on Plant Growth Retardatlon-Red Maple and Sycamore Solutions of the test compounds Identified 1n Table F below were prepared by dissolving the compounds 1n acetone/water (50:50 volume/volume) containing 0.1 percent volume/volume of Triton X-100 surfactant commercially available from Rhom and Haas Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As detailed below, these solutions of test compounds were applied to red maple and sycamore at a concentration of 1.0 or 2.0 pounds of active Ingredient per acre.

Bare-root seedlings of red maple (Acer rubrum) and sycamore (Platanus occidentalism were obtained commercially and grown In one gallon plastic containers containing a sandy loam soil. The seedlings were maintained 1n a greenhouse at a temperature of 80°F ± 5°F and humidity of 50 ± 5 percent. After a period of 3 months, the developing trees were pruned to a SO percent reduction 1n height. At 24 days after pruning, each concentration of the test compounds Identified 1n Table F was applied to separate trees as a foliar spray by use of an aspirated spray apparatus set at 10 pslg air pressure (all trees sprayed at a volume of 120 gallons per acre). As a control, a water-acetone solution containing no test compound was also sprayed on certain trees. When dry, all of the trees were returned to the greenhouse for a period of 45 days, visual Indications of growth 30 retardation activity were observed and recorded at this time (45 days after treatment).

The percent retardation of regrowth in Table F was determined by visual observation of the regrowth of each tree 1n comparison with the untreated control. A 0 percent rating Indicates no visible response, a 50 percent rating Indicates that the Increment In tree growth 1s only half that of the control or, that the tree has Increased In growth at half the rate of the control, and a 100 percent rating Indicates a maximum response. This rating system Indicates any retardation of regrowth as compared with the untreated control. The results 1n Table F represent the average of 3 repetitions. 31 • TABLE F Effect of Representative . Active Compounds on Plant Growth Retardation - Red Maple and Sycamore Percent Retardation of Regrowth Compound Rate Red No. (Pounds oer Acrel Maple Sycamore Control — 0 0 Compound 96 1.0 47 8 2.0 42 9 Compound 111 1.0 85 43 2.0 91 46 The results in Table F demonstrate that treatment of red maple and sycamore with cyclopropylmalonanilate derivative compounds provides significant retardation of regrowth in comparison with untreated control red maple and sycamore.

Claims (7)

1. ) A cyclopropylmalonanilate derivative compound having the formula: wherein: Z'ji is the same or different and is one or more hydrogen, halogen, haloalkyl, polyhaloalkyl, polyhaloalkoxy, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, arylsulfonyl, nitro, cyano, dialkoxyphosphinyl, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkanoylamino, sulfonylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, alkanoyloxy, alkenyl or -CH CH-CH = CH-; Y'g is hydrogen or alkyl; Y7, Y'g, Y'9 and Y'jq are independendy hydrogen, halogen or alkyl; Y*4i is 0, S, or NH;;R"l0 is hydrogen, ammonium, alkylammonium, polyalkylammonium, hydroxyalkylammonium, poly(hydroxyalkyl)ammonium, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, aryl, mercaptoalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkylsylfonylalkyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkanoylalkyl, aroylalkyl, dialkoxyphosphinylalkyl, diaryloxyphosphinylalkyl, hydroxyalkylthioalkyl, hydroxyalkylsulfonylalkyl, alkoxyalkylthioalkyl, alkoxyalkylsulfonylalkyl, poly(oxyalkylene)alkyl, cyanoalkyl, nitroalkyl, alkylideneamino, carbamoylalkyl, alkylcarbamoylalkyl, dialkylcarbamoylalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkanoylaminoalkyl, alkanoyloxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylaminoalkyl, cyanoaminoalkyl, carbamoyloxyalkyl, alkylcarbamoyloxyalkyl,;23;10;15;dialkylcarbamoyloxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyloxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylthioalkyl, aminosulfonylalkyl, alkylaminosulfonylalkyl or dialkylaminosulfonylalkyl.;

2. ) A cyclopropylmalonanilate derivative compound of claim 1 having one of the formulae chosen among:;V ff-* CH,CH,-0 C—C C—NH—(f \ Br ii i v=/ o o ck3 20 ho x—nh—f~\ cl 1 1 Vs7 O O Cl 25 34 io 8 o HO—C—^2—C—NH—^ CF3 15

3. ) A (tyclopropylmalonanilatc derivative compound of claim 1 or 2 wherein said i, compound is a dedvadve salt

4. ) A cyclopropylmalonanilatc derivative compound of claim 3 wherein die 23 derivative salt is sclccted from an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ammonium, / alkylammoniujn, polyalkylammonium, hydroxyalkylammonium, poly(hydroxyalkyl) ammonium or mixtures thereof.

5. ) A composition for retarding plant growth comprising an acceptable earner and 25 an effective amount, sufficient to retard plant growth, of an active compound 1 according to anyone of claim 1 to 4.

6. ) A compound as claimed in claim I, substantially as hereinbefore described by way of Example. -

7. ) A composition for retarding plant growth as claimed in claim 5 substantially as hereinbefore described by way of Example. 35 TONIKINS & CO.