IE46564B1 - Attaching stone cladding panels to structural walls - Google Patents
Attaching stone cladding panels to structural wallsInfo
- Publication number
- IE46564B1 IE46564B1 IE40178A IE40178A IE46564B1 IE 46564 B1 IE46564 B1 IE 46564B1 IE 40178 A IE40178 A IE 40178A IE 40178 A IE40178 A IE 40178A IE 46564 B1 IE46564 B1 IE 46564B1
- Authority
- IE
- Ireland
- Prior art keywords
- panel
- leg
- abutment member
- fitting
- wall
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
- E04F13/0832—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
- E04F13/0853—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements adjustable perpendicular to the wall
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Abstract
A fitting for attaching decorative fascia panels to a structural wall comprises an abutment member 22 welded at one end of an externally threaded shank 23 and abutting against the rear of a panel 13, the shank being screwed into the wall to provide a desired spacing between the panel and the wall; and a channel member 27 having a first leg 28 inserted into an aperture in the top edge of the panel and a cross-piece 30 joining the first leg to a second leg 31 having a vertical slot which embraces the shank at the rear of the abutment member. The rear side of the panel is held against the abutment member with a portion of the panel sandwiched between the first leg and the abutment member, the slot in the second leg of the channel member permitting a degree of vertical adjustment of the channel member relative to the abutment member.
Description
In building construction it is often required to attach decorative stone panels to a roughly finished structural wall of a building in order to present an attractive appearance. The present invention is concerned with a fitting for use in a system of attaching such panels, and also with a construction of building having a facade or fascia using such fittings.
According to the present invention- there is provided a fitting for maintaining a desired spacing between a stone cladding panel and a structural wall in front of which the panel is mounted, the fitting comprising an abutment member secured at one end of an externally threaded shank, the abutment member having a front face which in use defines the position of the rear side of the panel adjacent the top edge thereof and the shank being adapted to be screwed into a receiving device provided in the structural wall to provide a desired spacing between the front face of the abutment member and the structural wall, the fitting further including a channel member, separate from the abutment member, having a first leg adapted to be inserted into an aperture in the top edge of the panel and a cross-piece joining the first leg to a second leg having a slot which embraces the shank at the rear of the abutment member, the arrangement being such that the rear side of the panel adjacent the top edge thereof may be held against the front face of the abutment member by the first leg with a portion of the thickness of the panel sandwiched between the first leg and the front face of the abutment member, the slot in the second leg of the channel member permitting a degree of vertical adjustment of the channel member relative to the abutment member so that the cross-piece may be brought against or closely adjacent the top edge of the panel.
The invention further provides a building comprising a structural wall and a plurality of stone cladding panels mounted in at least one course in front of and spaced from the structural wall, wherein the weight of the or each course is supported from below and each panel thereof has associated therewith at least one fitting which maintains a desired spacing between the panel and the wall, the fitting comprising an abutment member secured at one end of an externally threaded shank, the abutment member having a front face which abuts the rear side of the panel adjacent the top edge thereof, and the shank being screwed into and locked against rotation relative to a receiving device provided in the structural wall to provide a desired spacing between the front face of the abutment member and the wall, the fitting further comprising a channel member having a first leg inserted in an aperture in the top edge of the panel and a cross-piece joining the first leg to a second leg having a vertical slot which embraces the shank at the rear of the abutment member, the arrangement being such that the rear side of the panel adjacent the top edge thereof is held against the front face of the abutment member by the first leg with a portion of the thickness of the panel sandwiched between the first leg and the front face of the abutment member, the second leg of the channel member being locked against vertical movement relative to the abutment member in a position wherein the cross-piece of the channel member abuts against or is closely adjacent the top edge of the panel.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of part of a structural wall of a building clad with stone panels,
Figure 2 is a front view of the channel member of figure 1,
Figure 3 is a cross-section identical Uo figure 1 showing the dimensions of a typical construction, and
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a fascia support unit.
Referring to figure 1, a cladding of rectangular stone panels 10 is shown mounted in front of and spaced from an external structural wall 11 of a building. The panels 10, for example of granite, are arranged in a series of vertically adjacent horizontal courses, each course comprising a number of panels 10 arranged side-by-side, and the whole providing a decorative stone facade for the external wall 11 which is of concrete. It is to be understood that figure 1 shows a vertical section through only two such courses 12 and 13, and only through a single panel 10 of each course.
The lower course 13 of the two courses shown, which may or may not be the lowest course of the facade as a whole, is supported by a series of stainless steel brackets
14. The brackets 14, of which only one is shown, are distributed along the length of the lower course and serve not only to support the weight of the panels 10 of the lower course 13, but also those of one or more courses above it as will be described.
Each bracket 14 is located at the join between the vertical edges of tvzo adjacent panels 10, and comprises a central gusset 15 for strength extending between vertical and horizontal portions of a right angles steel plate.
The vertical portion 16 of the plate is securely bolted to the wall 11 in knovzn manner on opposite sides of the gusset and the portion 17 at right angles thereto which extends horiziontally from each side of the gusset 15 serves to support the portions of the bottom edges of the two adjacent panels 10 on either side of the gusset. The panels 10 are retained in position by upwardly extending locating nibs 18 on the portions 17 which engage apertures 19 in the bottom edges of the panels. A desired accurate spacing of the bottom edges of the panels 10 from the wall 11 may be achieved by inserting metal shims 20 between the portion 16 of the bracket and the wall.
The top edges of the panels 10 of the lower course 13 are each maintained at a desired spacing from the wall 11 by a pair of fittings 21 only one of which is shown located adjacent opposite ends of the top edge of the panel. Each fitting 21 comprises an abutment member 22 in the form of a stainless steel disc welded to one end of an externally threaded shank 23. The abutment member 22 has a front face 24 which abuts against the rear side of the panel 10 adjacent the top edge. The shank 23 is screwed into a conventional expander shell and cone 25 fitted in the wall 11, and the amount by which the shank 23 is screwed into the device 25 determines the spacing of the front face 24 of the member 22 and thus of the panel 10 from the wall 11. The shank 23 is normally adjusted in the device 25 so that when the panel 10 is supported in the bracket 14 at the bottom and abuts the face 24 at the top the outer visible surface of the panel is precisely vertical, irrespective of irregularities in the surface of the wall 11. It will be understood that when the shell and cone assembly 25 has been inserted into the hole in the wall 11, lock nut 26 is tightened against the structural wall 11 and this has the effect of drawing forward the threaded shank 23, which has the brass expander cone attached at the rear of the expander fitting. Once the cone has been drawn up tightly by the screwing action of the lock nut 26 into the shell, it cannot move in or out any further and the lock nut 26 may then be loosened and the shank 23 may then be screwed in or out without disturbing the expander shell, which has now been located finally in the wall. When the desired setting of the abutment member 22 is achieved, the shank 23 is locked against rotation relative to the device 25 by a lock nut 26.
The top of the panel 10 is held against the front face 24 of the member 22 by a stainless steel channel member 27.
The member 27 has a first leg 28 inserted in an aperture 29 in the top edge of the panel 10 and a cross-piece 30 joining the first leg 28 to a second leg 31. The second leg 31 has a vertical slot 32 which embraces the shank 23 at the rear of the element 22. The spacing between the two legs 28 and 31 of the channel member 27 is substantially equal to the thickness of panel 10 between the aperture 29 and the member 22 plus the thickness of the member 22, whereby the panel is securely held against the front face 24 of the member 22 by the leg 28 and its spacing from the wall 11 is accurately defined.
As shown, the leg 31 of the channel member 27 is longer than the leg 28, and the slot 32 therein permits a degree of vertical adjustment of the channel member 27 relative to the abutment member 22 so that the cross-piece 30 may be brought closely adjacent or actually to bear upon the top edge of the panel 10 so as to allow clearance for the next course of panels. A lock nut 33 allows the channel member to be secured in this position against subsequent vertical movement relative to the abutment member 22. The vertical adjustment provided by the slot 32 allows for some variation in the vertical position of the expander cone and shell 25 in the wall 11, since if such vertical adjustment were not provided the device 25 would have to be very precisely positioned in the wall 11 to ensure that the cross-piece 30 lay close to the top edge of the panel 10. If desired the top edge of the panel 10 may have a recessed portion between the leg 28 and the member 22, into which recess the cross-piece 30 fits. In such case the crosspiece 30 will not extend into the gap 35 between the courses to any significant extent.
Thus far we have described the mounting and positioning of the lower course 13 of panels 10. The weight of the upper course 12 is notseparately supported, but is supported by the lower course 13 and thus indirectly by the brackets 14.
Alignment between the bottom edges of the panels 10 of the upper course 12 and the top edges of the panels 10 of the lower course 13 is achieved by stainless steel dowels or rods 34 which extend vertically between the courses into apertures in the adjacent edges of the panels. Thus the bottom edges of the upper course of panels are also precisely located relative to the wall 11. The upper edges (not shown) of the panels 10 of the upper course 12 are positioned by fittings 21 similar to those described, and thus the outer visible surface of the upper course of panels 10 is precisely located vertically above that of the lower course 13 irrespective of irregularities in the wall 11.
6 5 6 4
Where a further one or more courses of panels 10 are provided vertically above one another above the upper course 12 illustrated, the weight of each further course is supported by the adjacent underlying course and aligned therewith by dowels, in manner already described for the course 12. The total number of courses which may be built up in this way is limited only by the weight of the panels 10 and the strength of the brackets 14 which ultimately have to bear the load of all the courses resting one upon the other above them. When the total load upon the brackets 14 reaches this limit, further courses can still be built up by providing a fresh set of load-bearing brackets 14 and then continuing as already described. In general the weight of the stone panels is taken by the brackets 14 at intervals of about one storey in height.
It is to be understood that the gap 35 shown between the courses 12 and 13 is in practice filled with a lead spacer in conventional manner so that the adjacent edges of the panels 10 do not directly abut one another. Furthermore, conventional means may be used to seal the joints between the panels and do not need to be described here.
Figure 3 is a sectional view identical to figure 1 without the reference numerals but including the dimensions of the various components in an actual structure embodying the invention. The figure is merely repeated to avoid the confusion which would occur by placing the dimensions on figure 1. It is to be understood that although the fittings 14 and 21 are shown roughly to scale, the height of the panel 10 is deliberately reduced so as to show both fittings in a single figure.
The mounting system shown in figure 3 is able to accommodate stone panels from 35 mm to 60 mm thick, although the actual panels shown in the example are 40 mm thick.
Stone panels thinner than 35 mm would be too delicate to slot, whereas stone panels thicker than 60 mm would not normally require such an elaborate system. Furthermore the system is able to accommodate irregularities in the plane of the structural wall of up to 25 mm. Efflorescent staining of the stone facade does not occur as the construction does not involve the use of wet mortar which is traditionally used, and also due to the use of stainless steel components. The construction provides substantially complete protection against wind pressure and suction.
The design of the channel members 27 is calculated to accommodate the suction effect of wind gusts, and in the case of wind pressure the abutment members 22 act as cushions behind the stone and prevent it being thrust inward.
The preceding description has dealt with the case where a facade of stone panels is constructed with a number of courses. However, where only a single course is desired such as in fascias which are usually only a single stone in height, stainless steel fascia support shown in figure 4 may be used. This unit also performs the function of a retaining device and does not rely on the use of mortar.
The unit comprises a right angle bracket 36 having a vertical limb 38 bolted to the wall 11 at 37, and a horizontal limb 39 supports a cranked member 40 having a horizontal portion 41 secured to the bracket 36 and an upwardly inclined portion 42. The inclined portion 42 enters a correspondingly inclined aperture 43 in the rear face of the panel 10 and takes the weight of the latter. Furthermore, since the portion 42 is inclined the weight of the panel 10 thereon prevents outward movement of the panel. Inward movement of the panel is prevented by abutment of the free end of the member 40 with the end of the aperture 43.
The bracket 36 and cranked member 40 are secured together by a bolt 44 passing through a slot 45 in the horizontal portion 41 of the cranked member and a hole 46 in the horizontal limb 39 of the bracket 36. The slot 45 allows the spacing of the panel 10 from the wall 11 to be adjusted, the bracket 36 and member 40 being bolted
- 9 tightly together at the desired setting. The slot 45 could alternatively be provided in the bracket 36 and the hole in the member 40.
Two such units are used to support each fascia stone, 5 the units being placed near the bottom edge of the panel and one adjacent each end. The top edge of each fascia panel may be positioned with a pair of fittings 21 of the kind already described.
Claims (10)
1. A fitting for maintaining a desired spacing between a stone cladding panel and a structural wall in front of which the panel is mounted, the fitting comprising an abutment member secured at one end of an externally threaded shank, the abutment member having a front face which in use defines the position of the rear side of the panel adjacent the top edge thereof and the shank being adapted to be screwed into a receiving device provided in the structural wall to provide a desired spacing between the front face of the abutment member and the structural wall, the fitting further including a channel member, separate fron the Abutment member· having a first leg adapted to be inserted into an aperture in the top edge of the panel and a cross-piece joining the first leg to a second leg having a slot which embraces the shank at the rear of the abutment member, the arrangement being such that the rear side of the panel adjacent the top edge thereof may be held against the front face of the abutment member by the first leg with a portion of the thickness of the panel sandwiched between the first leg and the front face of the abutment member, the slot in the second leg of the channel member permitting a degree of vertical adjustment of the channel member relative to the abutment member so that the cross-piece may be brought against or closely adjacent the top edge of the panel.
2. A fitting as claimed in claim 1, further comprising means for locking the shank against rotation relative to the receiving device so as to maintain a desired spacing between the front face of the abutment member and the structural wall.
3. A fitting as claimed in claim 1 or 2, further comprising means for locking the second leg of the channel member against vertical movement relative to the abutment member so as to maintain a desired vertical position of the channel member.
4. A fitting as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the or each locking means comprises a respective lock nut threaded on the shank of the fitting. 4 6 5 6 1 - 11 5. A building comprising a structural wall and a plurality of stone cladding panels mounted in at least one course in front of and spaced from the structural wall, wherein the weight of the or each course is supported from below and each panel thereof has associated therewith at least one fitting which maintains a desired spacing between the panel and the wall, the fitting comprising an abutment member secured at one end of an externally threaded shank, the abutment member having a front face which abuts the rear side of the panel adjacent the top edge thereof, and the shank being screwed into and locked against rotation relative to a receiving device provided in the structural wall to provide a desired spacing between the front face of the abutment member and the wall, the fitting further comprising a channel member having a first leg inserted in an aperture in the top edge of the panel and a cross-piece joining the first leg to a second leg having a vertical slot which embraces the shank at the rear of the abutment member, the arrangement being such that the rear side of the panel adjacent the top edge thereof is held against the front face of the abutment member by the first leg with a portion of the thickness of the panel sandwiched between the first leg and the front face of the abutment member, the second leg of the channel member being locked against vertical movement relative to the abutment member in a position wherein the cross-piece of the channel member abuts against or is closely adjacent the top edge of the panel. 6. A building as claimed in claim 5, wherein at least two vertically adjacent courses are provided with the weight of the upper course being supported by the lower course, the building further comprising alignment means for maintaining the bottom edges of the panels of the upper course in alignment with the top edges of the panel of the lower course. 7. A building as claimed in claim 6, wherein the alignment means comprises a plurality of rods extending vertically between the courses into apertures in the adjacent edges of the panels thereof. 46534 - 12 8. A building as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein a further one or more courses are provided over the above mentioned upper course, the weight of each further course being supported by the adjacent underlying course and
5. Aligned therewith by a respective alignment means.
6. 9. A building as claimed in claim 5, wherein the weight of each panel is supported by a load bearing unit comprising a right-angle bracket secured to the wall with one limb of the bracket extending horizontally outwardly
7. 10 from the wall, and a cranked member having a first portion secured to the said one limb of the bracket and a second portion inclined upwardly relative to the first portion and entering a corresponding upwardly inclined aperture in the rear side of the fascia panel, the bracket and cranked
8. 15 member being secured together by a bolt passing through respective apertures in the bracket and cranked member, one of the apertures being a slot to permit adjustment of the distance of the inclined portion of the cranked member from the wall.
9. 20
10. A fitting as claimed in claim 1, substantially as described with reference to figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IE40178A IE46564B1 (en) | 1978-02-24 | 1978-02-24 | Attaching stone cladding panels to structural walls |
| GB7905810A GB2015635B (en) | 1978-02-24 | 1979-02-19 | Mounting focade panels |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IE40178A IE46564B1 (en) | 1978-02-24 | 1978-02-24 | Attaching stone cladding panels to structural walls |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IE780401L IE780401L (en) | 1979-08-24 |
| IE46564B1 true IE46564B1 (en) | 1983-07-27 |
Family
ID=11011904
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IE40178A IE46564B1 (en) | 1978-02-24 | 1978-02-24 | Attaching stone cladding panels to structural walls |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2015635B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE46564B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2172621A (en) * | 1985-03-21 | 1986-09-24 | Elemeta Ltd | Supporting structure for cladding panels |
| DE3539693A1 (en) * | 1985-11-08 | 1987-05-14 | Alpen Dekorstein Austria Gmbh | Device for fastening a cladding panel on an exterior wall of a structure |
| ES2146510B1 (en) * | 1997-04-10 | 2001-02-16 | Fachadas Del Norte S L | PUNCTURE STAPLE SYSTEM FOR APPLIED IN VENTILATED FACADE. |
| DE102004013016B4 (en) | 2004-03-16 | 2007-12-27 | Nbk-Keramik Gmbh & Co. | building facade |
| LU91804B1 (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-01 | Mihail-Felix Dumitrescu | Mortar-less interlocking building blocks |
| CN104652666B (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2017-02-22 | 东南大学 | External wallboard connecting assembly in assembly type steel structure system |
-
1978
- 1978-02-24 IE IE40178A patent/IE46564B1/en unknown
-
1979
- 1979-02-19 GB GB7905810A patent/GB2015635B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IE780401L (en) | 1979-08-24 |
| GB2015635B (en) | 1982-06-23 |
| GB2015635A (en) | 1979-09-12 |
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