IE32024B1 - Improvements in building construction employing precast units - Google Patents

Description

32024 This invention concerns the construction of buildings ot the kind in which the walls comprise numbers of precast elongate elements which are assembled together edge to edge, the vertical edges of adjacent elements abutting with a tongue and groove or similar 5. inter-engaging relation, and are supported at spaced intervals bv sLanchion members consisting of posts of substantially T-shaped cross-sections suitably secured to the foundations in an upright position.

The present invention has for its object to provide a particularly simple construction of the kind referred to, so that the l'». cost in materials and in the work of erection may be exceedingly low while ensuring that the ingress of moisture is effectively prevented.

With this object in view, according to one feature ot the invention, the precast wall elements of the building are raboecied at least at the lower edge which is engaged in the rabbetted upper pottioa of a IS. precast footing element of substantially Z-shaped cross-section and with its web portion horizontal and resting upon a foundation wall or plinth, while the said precast wall elements are engaged at their u:>per ends beneath the rabbetted lower portion of a precast heading elinent of substantially similar Z-shapel cross-section also disposed vi"; its web 2«>. portion horizontal. Advantageously the footing elements rui the heading elements nay be identical in cross-section.

In the preferred construction the downwardly dire.tcl flange portion of the footing and heading elements which is exposea on the exterior of the finished building, is bevelled towards the wall, while 25. the rabbetted portion of the web iraediately above said flange portion is inclined upwards towards the w.ill. This ensures that water cannot - 2 - 32024 accumulate upon the part of the footing and heading elements which project beyond the outer surface of the wall elements, but will readily drain away.

The invention is heieisafcer described with reference to 5. ' the accompanying drawings, tfaenu: Fig. 1 is a front elentioa of a portion of a completed building; Fig. 2 is a sectional, flan corresponding substantially to / line II-II of Fig. 1; 10. Fig. 3 is a side sectinal elevation corresponding to line III-III of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a side nit »■ il elevation of the ridge portion of a roof with chimney; Fig. 5 is a plan of tte duney shown in Fig. 4» part being 15. broken away; Fin* 6 is an enlarged detail view of the top portion of a stanchion supporting the ends off tending elements; Fig. 7 is a side elevation of Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a plan of Fig. 6; 20. Fig. 9 shows a corner stanchion in plan; Fig. 10 is a sectional elevation substantially on line X-X of Fig. 9; Fig. 11 is an elevation of portion of a wall; Fig. 12 is a plan of Kg. 11. and 25. Fig* 13 is a side elfiiiinn of the wall shown in Fig. 11 mounted in position upon a footing whidk is shown in cross-section.

Referring to the draaxags, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, in the erection of a house or ocifaer building, a foundation 1 is first laid in a conventional manner im accordance with the desired wall 30. plan. A damp course 2 is Laid an top of the foundation and footing members 3 of precast reinforced concrete are placed over this and are preferably bolted in position. As shown more clearly in Fig. 3 and also in Fig.13, the members 3 s^-c~st%ntially '/.-shaved cross-section, being rabbetted underneath to provide a depending flange 3a ' 320 24 and rabbetted on top to provide a step 3b. The latter slopes upward while the flange portion 3a is advantageously also bevelled as at 3c (Fig.13)> although if desired this bevel may be omitted, or even sloped in the opposite direction as indicated by broken lines 3c' in Fig. 1.'. 5 Wooden blocks or strips A, 5 are preferably embedded in the upper and lower surfaces of the members 3.

At suitable intervals along the length of the footing 3, preferably at the places where two adjacent footing members meet, reinforced concrete stanchions 6 of T-shaped cross-section are bolted 10 or otherwise secured in position', for example by the aid of metal brackets 7 bolted at each side of the stanchion 6, which may have suitable bolt holes cast therein for this purpose. In a similar manner corner stanchions 8 are erected at the corners of the building. Heading members 9, which are preferably identical in cross-section to the IS footing members 3 are mounted with their ends resting on the upper ends of the stanchions 6 and 8, and are secured in position, preferably with the aid of metal brackets 10 and bolts 11, 12.

The walls are then completed by inserting wall panels 13, as may be appropriate to meet the requirements of the plan of the parti-20 cular building under construction leaving suitable openings for the insertion of window frames, doors and so forth. The wall panels 13 consist of precast concrete slabs and at least one longitudinal edge of the* panels is rabbetted to provide a tongue 13j* (Figs. 11 and 12) or a groove l ib. ,J-: the case may be,so that when the panels are assembled side by side in co-pliuiar 25 alignment the tongue portion of one panel fits into the corresponding groove of the adjacent panel. Some of the panels are, however, formed without a tongue or groove on one longitudinal edge so that they may fit snugly behind the flanges of the stanchions when placed in position, as shown in Fig. 2. Advantageously the tongue 13a is somewhat 30 longer than the depth of the groove 13b, thereby not only assuring close fitting of the panels in their assembled condition, but also enhancing the decorative effect* The latter is further enhanced by forming a groove 13c in the face of the panel which is intended to be 32024 exposed on the exterior of the building.

At least one transverse edge of each panel is also rabbetted to provide a tongue 13d (see Fig. 13) by the aid of which '.oser the/«:•.!*- of the panel is neatly fitted into the rabbet or step of 5 the footing member. The seepage of water from the exterior to the interior of the building beneath the lower extremity of the panels is thereby prevented. A mastic or sealing compound may additionally in known manner be used/to seal any crevices, but normally this will be unnecessary.

As an additional security against any possible displace-XO ment of the panels a bracket or clip may be provided between the panels (which may also have wooden blocks cast therein at suitable places for this purpose if desired) and the wooden insets 4,5.

Preferably, however, metal hook devices 16 are used for this pur-x pose, being secured to the insets 4 or 5 leaving the hooked end 15 free to engage a recess 17 formed in the transverse edge of the panel 13 for this purpose.

Where a window 18 is to be provided it is preferred to mount a single panel 19 suitably preformed, in position below the window opening and to seal the window frame above it, as indicated 20 In Fig. 1. The lateral edges of the panel 19, as also the side members of the window frame, fit behind the flanges of the stanchions 6 at each side thereof, while the lower edge of the panel 19 is rabbetted in a similar manner to the panels 13 and is sealed against the step of the footing in a similar manner. 25 It will be evident that if more than one storey is required it is only necessary to place further stanchions above those already in position, secure heading members in position bridging the upper ends thereof, and insert the required panels, windows, etc. to complete the walls in a similar manner to that employed in erecting the 30 lower storey.

The roof may be constructed more or less in a conventional manner, a wall plate 20 (Fig. 3) being secured along the top of the heading members to support the rafters 21 and ,» 22 which extend 32024 from side to side of the building or may rest upon intermediate partition walls (not shown) in well known manner.

If a chimney is required, this may be built up from the foundation to any required height. Advantageously, however, according 5. to a further feature of the invention, the chimney may comprise precast rectangular collar members 23 (Figs. 4 and 5) of Z-shaped cross-sections, adapted to be nested one above the other, as shown in Fig. 4. The first section above the roof may conveniently be shaped so that its base conforms to the pitch of the roof. It is, of course, not essential that the 10. chimney sections should be rectangular interiorly; they may equally well be of circular form or even formed with a number of separate ducts.

It will be understood that the panels 13 may be decorated on their exposed side in any desired manner, as with pebble-dash or simulated stone work, and the walls may be lined with water-proof and 15. heat insulating materials, and finished in any desired well known manner.

A bungalow, house or similar building may be erected very quickly and at a low cost by means of the invention described above, it being only necessary to divide the shell of the building into rooms in any desired manner and in accordance with well known building 20. methods. In this connection it is advantageous to place a stanchion 6 at any point where a partition meets the outer wall of the building, for example as indicated by broken lines 24 in Fig. 2.

Claims (7)

CLAIMS.

1. A building of the kind referred to, wherein precast 25. wall elements are rabbetted at least at the lower edge which is engaged in a rabbetted upper portion of a precast footing element of substantially Z shaped cross-section and with its web portion horizontal and resting upon a foundation wall or plinth, while the said precast wall elements are engaged at their upper end beneath a rabbetted lower 30. portion of a precast heading element of substantially similar Z-shaped - 6 - 32024 cross-section also disposed with its web portion horizontal.

2. A building according to claim 1, wherein the footing and heading elements are of identical cross—section.

3. A building according to claims 1 or 2, wherein the down- / vardly directed flange portion of the heading and footing elements are bevelled towards the wall, while a portion of the veb portions of said element^imaediately adjoining said.flange portion is inclined upwards towards the wall.

4. A building according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the wall elements overlap along their vertical edges or interfit with a tongue and groove engagement.

5. A building according to claim 4, wherein the elements arc tied to the footing by the aid of metal hook-like strips engaging the bottom of the elements and connected to the footing.

6. A building according to any of the preceding claims, wherein a chimney stack is formed by a plurality of rectangular precast members of substantially Z-shaped cross-section superimposed and interfitting one above the other.

7. A building, the walls of which are built of prefabricated elements shaped and assembled substantially as described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Dated this 18th day of April, 1969. TOMKINS 4 CO., Applicant's Agents, (signed) -• w •• "5 Dartmouth Road, DUBLIN, 6.