IE20100087A1 - Timber-based building section - Google Patents

Timber-based building section

Info

Publication number
IE20100087A1
IE20100087A1 IE20100087A IE20100087A IE20100087A1 IE 20100087 A1 IE20100087 A1 IE 20100087A1 IE 20100087 A IE20100087 A IE 20100087A IE 20100087 A IE20100087 A IE 20100087A IE 20100087 A1 IE20100087 A1 IE 20100087A1
Authority
IE
Ireland
Prior art keywords
timber
building
thermal conductivity
insulation
section
Prior art date
Application number
IE20100087A
Other versions
IE85892B1 (en
Inventor
Patrick Waterfield
David Maxwell
Original Assignee
Maxwell & Waterfield Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maxwell & Waterfield Ltd filed Critical Maxwell & Waterfield Ltd
Publication of IE20100087A1 publication Critical patent/IE20100087A1/en
Publication of IE85892B1 publication Critical patent/IE85892B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7608—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels
    • E04B1/7612—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising a prefabricated insulating layer, disposed between two other layers or panels in combination with an air space
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D12/00—Non-structural supports for roofing materials, e.g. battens, boards
    • E04D12/002—Sheets of flexible material, e.g. roofing tile underlay
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
    • E04D13/1606—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure
    • E04D13/1612—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure the roof structure comprising a supporting framework of roof purlins or rafters
    • E04D13/1625—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure the roof structure comprising a supporting framework of roof purlins or rafters with means for supporting the insulating material between the purlins or rafters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B2001/7691—Heat reflecting layers or coatings

Abstract

A timber-based building section having a U-valve less than 0.25, and comprising at least; (i) 60mm or more natural or mineral fibre insulation with a thermal conductivity between 0.044 and 0.025; (ii) a vapour control layer; and (iii) 50 mm or more insulation material with a thermal conductivity in the range 0.023 and 0.015.

Description

The present invention relates to a timber-based building section, in particular, a wall, roof or ceiling panel being part of a timber frame house, and use thereof in particular in a system for designing a timber frame building.
Timber frame houses and other dwellings are known in the art, and generally comprise a timber framework or skeleton in and around which the remaining parts ofthe walls, roofs and ceilings are applied. Timber frame houses can be faster to erect than traditional ‘concrete block’ based houses, as well as being more environmentally friendly and more easily able to accommodate different exterior and interior designs.
Thermal insulation in buildings such as domestic dwellings is an important factor to achieve thermal comfort for its occupants. Insulation reduces unwanted heat loss or gain, and can decrease the energy demands of heating and cooling systems.
The major feature ofthe thermal insulation of buildings is the thermal conductivity ofthe walls, ceilings and roof. Thermal conductivity is a property of a material that indicates its ability to conduct heat. In house building, it is defined as a U-value, whose SI unit is W/m2.K. Each material that makes up a wail, roof or ceiling has a thermal conductivity measured in W/mK. The U-value provides an overall value and /£ measurement taking into consideration the thickness and thermal conductivity of each material.
It is an object of the present invention to provide sections of a timber frame 5 building having a reduced U-value to minimise or eliminate the requirement for central heating and the like.
According to one aspect ofthe present invention, there is provided a timber-based building section having a U-value less than 0.25, and comprising at least; (i) 60mm or more natural or mineral fibre insulation with a thermal conductivity between 0,044 and 0.025; (ii) a vapour control layer; and (iii) 50mm or more insulation material with a thermal conductivity in the range 0.023 and 0.015.
Alternatively, there is provided a timber-based building section comprising at least; . (i) 60mm or more natural or mineral fibre insulation with a thermal conductivity between 0.044 W/mK and 0.025 W/mK; (ii) a vapour control layer; and (iii) 50mm or more insulation material with a thermal conductivity in toe 25 range 0.023 W/mK and 0.015 W/mK, wherein (i), (ii) and (iii) are arranged such that the timber-based building section has a U-vaiue of less than O.ZSW/n/.K.
The building section may comprise a distinct construction element to be 30 fitted between two or more structural timber frame elements.
IE 1 0 0 0 8 7 Alternatively, the building section comprises a construction to be created in and/or around structural timber frame elements.
The structural timber frame elements may be any known timber posts, rafters, joists, etc., such as CLS (Canadian Lumber Standard) beams and posts, as well as for example, counter battens.
The vapour control layer provides diffusion for moisture and water so as to 10 minimise condensation, whilst also providing air tightness. Preferably, the vapour control layer provides variable diffusion tightness in winter, and maximum diffusion openness in summer. A non-limiting example of a vapour control layer is the breathable membrane used in the Intello Air Tight System/Portion available from Proclima in Germany.
The vapour control layer is usually in the range 1-2mm thick, and should assist in providing an overall air loss in a building using such a vapour control layer of below 1 m3m2/h @50 pascals.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the U-value of the building section is less than 0.16, 0.14 or 0.13.
The building section may comprise one or more further layers. Such further layers may be one or more of the group comprising: breather membranes or paper such as foil, structural sheathing such as OSB (Orientated Strand Board), plaster board, and one or more further layers of natural or mineral fibre insulation with a thermal conductivity between 0.044 and 0.025 and insulation material with a thermal conductivity in the range 0.023 and 0.015.
The natural or mineral fibre insulation may be any suitable material having the required thermal conductivity. Examples include natural materials such as hemp, and mineral fibre materials made by companies such as Moy, Knauf, etc, known in the art.
The insulation material may any suitable material having the required thermal conductivity, and may optionally be foil-backed. Examples include PIR (Polyisocyanurate), or phenolic.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the timber-based building section is a wall section at least comprising; (a) breather paper (foil); (b) OSB/other structural sheathing (between 9 and 25mm); (c) 140mm CLS C16/C24 with 140mm natural or mineral fibre insulation 15 with thermal conductivity between 0.044 and 0.025 thereinbetween; (d) airtight system/portion (e) 50mm counter batten with 50mm natural or mineral fibre insulation with a thermal conductivity between 0.044 and 0.025 thereinbetween; (f) 50mm foil backed insulation with a thermal conductivity of 0.023 and 0.015; and *· (g) 12.5mm plasterboard.
In combination with outside render and blockwork, and with a cavity thereinbetween, there can be provided an external wall combination having a U-value of less than 0.13.
For a timber frame building, the timber structure is usually provided based on timber having a width or thickness of 120-180mm, such as 140160mm. The thickness of timber for internal walls is usually less, being in 100 ο 87 the range 80-120mm. Such thicknesses are sometimes referred to in the building trade as “6 inch” and “4 inch” walls.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the timber-based building 5 section comprises a roof section comprising at least: (a) 60mm natural or mineral fibre insulation with a thermal conductivity between 0.044 and 0.025; (b) 100mm foil backed insulation with a thermal conductivity of 0.023 and 0.015; (c) 50mm foil backed insulation with a thermal conductivity of 0.023 and 0.015; (d) airtight system/portion; (e) 50mm foil backed insulation with a thermal conductivity of 0.023 and 0.015; and (f) 12.5mm plasterboard.
Such a roof section would be located between rafters.
In combination with a tile or slate having a thermal conductivity of between 20 1.5 and 0.9, a ventilated air layer thereunder, a breathable roofing felt followed by a further ventilated air layer thereunder, there can be provided a roof panel combination that can have a U-value of less than 0.12.
According to a third embodiment of the present invention, the timber25 based building section is an external ceiling or collar tie comprising at least (a) 100mm natural or mineral fibre insulation with a thermal conductivity between 0Ό44 and 0.025 on top of ceiling joist/collar ties and running perpendicular to collar ties/ceiling joists; 0 ο 87 (b) 200mm natural or mineral fibre insulation with a thermal conductivity between 0.044 and 0.025 between collar ties/ceiling joists; (c) airtight system/portion; (d) 50mm foil backed insulation with a thermal conductivity of 0.023 and 0.015 across inside face of collar ties/ceiling joists; (e) 12.5mm plasterboard.
Such a section can have a U-value less than 0.12.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a timber-based building having one or more timber-based building sections as herein defined, preferably wholly or substantially formed of timberbased building sections as herein defined, located in and/or around and/or between the structural timber frame or framework of the building.
Such a building may be a domestic house or other dwelling. Preferably, such a house comprises external walls, internal structural walls, ceilings and roofs including timber-based building sections as herein defined.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method/system for designing/manufacturing/constructing a timber-based building comprising at least; (a) one or more timber-based building sections as hereinbefore defined; (b) an air tightness being less than 1 m3m2/h @50 pascals; (c) a ventilation system with heat recovery; and (d) one or more windows having an average U-value of less than 1.5, preferably less than 1.1 or less than 1,0 or 0.9 or 0.8. 87 This system can preferably provide a timber-based building as described herein.
Ventilation systems with heat recovery are known in the art, and are 5 designed to recover 80 to 90% of the heat that would normally be lost through natural ventilation in a concrete block house.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method/process for designing/manufacturing/constructing a timber-based building, in particular the heating requirements, comprising at least one or more timber-based building sections as hereinbefore defined, the process comprising at least the steps of: performing U-value calculations on the walls of the timber-based building, preferably on each individual timber-based wail section taking into consideration the timber to insulation ratio and the ratio of window insulation; performing U-value calculations on the sloped/pitched roof and external ceiling/collar ties of the timber-based building, preferably on each individual timber-based sloped/pitched roof and external ceiling/collar ties section; calculating the air permeability rate; calculating the solar gains, including site specific solar gains, using historical met office data; and calculating any other internal heat gains.
Optionally, the above method/process can be used as part of a method of constructing a timber-based building.
IE The present invention encompasses all combinations of various embodiments or aspects of the invention described herein. It is understood that any and all embodiments of the present invention may be taken in conjunction with any other embodiment to described additional embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, any elements of an embodiment may be combined with any and all other elements of any of the embodiments to describe additional embodiments.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of 10 example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a cross sectional view of an external wall comprising a first timber-based building section according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a cross sectional view of a roof comprising a second timberbased building section according to a second embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 3 is a cross sectional view of an external ceiling or collar tie comprising a third timber-based building section according to a third embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 shows an external wall cross section comprising ten layers (a-j), being a combination of boundary layers, defined thickness layers and at least one air cavity layer, extending between an outside render layer (a) and an internal plasterboard layer (j).
Layers (a) to (e) are known in the art. ΙΕ ιοο 087 Layer (f) comprises a natural or mineral fibre insulation within the boundaries of 140mm CLS timber framework, being posts, beams, etc that form the skeleton of a timber-based building such as a timber framed house.
Similarly, layer (g) comprises natural mineral fibre insulation located within 50mm counter batten timber (or similar material) framework.
A vapour control layer is provided as layer (h) between layers (f) and (g), being an airtight system/portion such as the Pro-Clima Intello material.
In practice, a timber framework is provided to create the timber skeleton of a new building such as a domestic house, and the building section shown in Figure 1 is constructed by the addition of the materials to locate layers (d) to (j) around the CLS timber framework, followed with the addition of the blockwork and render as layers (b) and (a), thus inherently creating the air cavity layer (c).
Once the external wall shown in Figure 1 is constructed, U-value calculations are carried out, taking into consideration the timber to insulation ratio, and the ratio of window to insulation throughout the building.
Figure 2 shows a sloped or pitched roof section, wherein its layers can be added between timber frame rafters, followed by the addition of a roofing felt and tiles or slates thereon, creating the air layers thereinbetween.
Once again, following construction ofthe complete roof section as shown in Figure 2, U-value calculations can be carried out. ί Ο Ο ο 3 γ Figure 3 shows an external ceiling or collar tie section locatable between ceiling joists or coilar ties, generally to form a space such as a roof space thereabove.
Again, following construction of the external ceiling or collar tie sections shown in Figure 3, U-value calculations can be carried out.
Upon the complete construction of a building using one or more, usually a plurality, ofthe wall, roof and ceiling sections shown in Figures 1-3, the air permeability ofthe complete building can be measured. Along with calculations concerning solar gains through the windows, etc, as well as expected site specific solar gains using historical weather information, and information concerning any internal heat gains such as through a stove, cooker and the like, calculations can be carried out to determine the overall heat loss of the building, and then determine the actual heat requirement of the building.
The present invention is able to provide a building with sufficient heat insulation and ventilation such that ‘central heating’ generally based on an oil/wood/ gas-fired boiler circulating water through a number of radiators, is not required to provide thermal comfort for its occupants.

Claims (23)

Claims
1. A timber-based building section having a U-value less than 0.25, and comprising at least; (i) 60mm or more natural or mineral fibre insulation with a thermal conductivity between 0.044 and 0.025; (ii) a vapour control layer; and (iii) 50mm or more insulation material with a thermal conductivity in the range 0.023 and 0.015.
2. A building section as claimed in Claim 1 being a construction element to be fitted between two or more structural timber frame elements.
3. A building section as claimed in Claim 1 being a construction able to be created in and/or around structural timber frame elements.
4. A building section of any one of the preceding claims wherein the vapour control layer provides variable diffusion tightness in winter, and maximum diffusion openness in summer.
5. A buifding section as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the vapour control layer is a breathable membrane used in the Intello Air Tight System/Portion.
6. A building section of any one of the preceding claims wherein the vapour control layer is in the range 1-2mm thick, and provides an overall air loss in a building of below 1 m3m2/h @50 pascals. 100087
7. A building section of any one of the preceding claims wherein the U-value of the building section is less than 0.16 or 0.14 or 0.13.
8. A building section of any one of the preceding claims comprising one or more further layers being one or more of the group comprising: breather membranes or paper such as foil, structural sheathing such as OSB (Orientated Strand Board), plaster board, and one or more further layers of (a) natural or mineral fibre insulation with a thermal conductivity between 0.044 and 0.025, and (b) insulation material with a thermal conductivity in the range 0.023 and 0.015.
9. A building section of any one of the preceding claims wherein the natural or mineral fibre insulation is hemp and/or mineral fibre materials.
10. A building section of any one of the preceding claims wherein the insulation material is PIR (Polyisocyanurate) or phenolic.
11. A building section of any one of the preceding claims being a wall section at least comprising: (a) breather paper (foil): (b) OSB/other structural sheathing (between 9 and 25mm); (c) 140mm CLS C16/C24 with 140mm natural or mineral fibre insulation with thermal conductivity between 0.044 and 0.025 thereinbetween; (d) airtight system/portion (e) 50mm counter batten with 50mm natural or mineral fibre insulation with a thermal conductivity between 0.044 and 0.025 thereinbetween; (f) 50mm foil backed insulation with a thermal conductivity of 0.023 and 0.015; and (g) 12.5mm plasterboard. /£ 00 ο 87
12. An external wall combination for a timber frame building having a U value of less than 0.13 comprising the building section as defined in claim 11 in combination with outside render and blockwork, with a cavity 5 thereinbetween.
13. A building section of any one of claims 1 to 10 being a roof section comprising at least: 10 (a) 60mm natural or mineral fibre insulation with a thermal conductivity between 0.044 and 0.025; (b) 100mm foil backed insulation with a thermal conductivity of 0,023 and 0.015; (c) 50mm foil backed insulation with a thermal conductivity of 0.023 and 15 0.015; (d) airtight system/portion; (e) 50mm foil backed insulation with a thermal conductivity of 0.023 and 0.015; and (f) 12.5mm plasterboard.
14. A roof panel combination having a U-value of less than 0.12 comprising the building section as defined in claim 13 in combination with a tile or slate having a thermal conductivity of between 1.5 and 0.9, a ventilated air layer thereunder, a breathable roofing felt followed by a 25 further ventilated air layer thereunder.
15. A building section of any one of claims 1 to 10 being an external ceiling or collar tie comprising at least: 1 oo 0Q 7 (a) 100mm natural or mineral fibre insulation with a thermal conductivity between 0.044 and 0.025 on top of ceiling joist/collar ties and running perpendicular to collar ties/ceiling joists; (b) 200mm natural or mineral fibre insulation with a thermal conductivity 5 between 0.044 and 0.025 between collar ties/ceiling joists; (c) airtight system/portion; (d) 50mm foil backed insulation with a thermal conductivity of 0.023 and 0.015 across inside face of collar ties/ceiling joists; (e) 12.5mm plasterboard.
16. A building section of claim 15 having a U-value less than 0.12.
17. A timber-based building having one or more timber-based building sections as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11,13,15 or 16 located in 15 and/or around and/or between the structural timber frame or framework of the building.
18. A building as claimed in claim 17 being a domestic house or other dwelling, preferably a house comprising external walls, internal structural 20 walls, ceilings and roof(s).
19. A method/system for designing/manufacturing/constructing a timber-based building comprising at least; 25 (a) one or more timber-based building sections as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11,13,15 or 16; (b) an airtightness being less than 1 m3m2/h @50 pascals; (c) a ventilation system with heat recovery; and (d) one or more windows having an average U-value of less than 1.5, 30 preferably less than 1,1 or less than 1.0 or 0.9 or 0.8. fe 100087
20. Use of the system as claimed in claim 19 to provide a timber-based building as claimed in claim 17 or claim 18. 5
21. A method/process for designing/manufacturing/constructing a timber-based building and/or the heating for a timber-based building comprising at least one or more timber-based building sections as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11,13,15 or 16, the process comprising at least the steps of: performing U-value calculations on the walls of the timber-based building, preferably on each individual timber-based wall section taking into consideration the timber to insulation ratio and the ratio of window insulation; 15 performing U-value calculations on the sloped/pitched roof(s) and external ceiling/collar ties of the timber-based building, preferably on each individual timber-based sioped/pitched roof and external ceiling/collar ties section; calculating the air permeability rate; 20 calculating the solar gains, including site specific solar gains, using historical met office data; and calculating any other internal heat gains.
22. A timber-based building section substantially as hereindefined and
23. 25 with reference to the accompanying drawings,
IE2010/0087A 2010-02-18 Timber-based building section IE85892B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBUNITEDKINGDOM20/02/20090902806.9
GB0902806A GB2467923B (en) 2009-02-20 2009-02-20 Timber-Based building section

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
IE20100087A1 true IE20100087A1 (en) 2010-09-01
IE85892B1 IE85892B1 (en) 2011-11-09

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0902806D0 (en) 2009-04-08
GB2467923B (en) 2011-04-13
GB2467923A (en) 2010-08-25

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