IE20000970A1 - Semi-Trailer Assembly - Google Patents
Semi-Trailer AssemblyInfo
- Publication number
- IE20000970A1 IE20000970A1 IE20000970A IE20000970A IE20000970A1 IE 20000970 A1 IE20000970 A1 IE 20000970A1 IE 20000970 A IE20000970 A IE 20000970A IE 20000970 A IE20000970 A IE 20000970A IE 20000970 A1 IE20000970 A1 IE 20000970A1
- Authority
- IE
- Ireland
- Prior art keywords
- wheels
- semi
- trailer
- trailer assembly
- pairs
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/02—Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means
- B60G17/04—Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means fluid spring characteristics
- B60G17/052—Pneumatic spring characteristics
- B60G17/0523—Regulating distributors or valves for pneumatic springs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
- B60G17/0152—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the action on a particular type of suspension unit
- B60G17/0155—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the action on a particular type of suspension unit pneumatic unit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D53/00—Tractor-trailer combinations; Road trains
- B62D53/04—Tractor-trailer combinations; Road trains comprising a vehicle carrying an essential part of the other vehicle's load by having supporting means for the front or rear part of the other vehicle
- B62D53/06—Semi-trailers
- B62D53/067—Multi-purpose, convertible or extendable load surface semi-trailers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D61/00—Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern
- B62D61/12—Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern with variable number of ground engaging wheels, e.g. with some wheels arranged higher than others, or with retractable wheels
- B62D61/125—Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern with variable number of ground engaging wheels, e.g. with some wheels arranged higher than others, or with retractable wheels the retractable wheel being a part of a set of tandem wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
- B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
- B60G2204/47—Means for retracting the suspension
- B60G2204/4702—Means for retracting the suspension pneumatically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
- B60G2300/04—Trailers
- B60G2300/042—Semi-trailers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
- B60G2300/40—Variable track or wheelbase vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2600/00—Indexing codes relating to particular elements, systems or processes used on suspension systems or suspension control systems
- B60G2600/20—Manual control or setting means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2600/00—Indexing codes relating to particular elements, systems or processes used on suspension systems or suspension control systems
- B60G2600/21—Self-controlled or adjusted
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2800/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
- B60G2800/01—Attitude or posture control
- B60G2800/019—Inclination due to load distribution or road gradient
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2800/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
- B60G2800/22—Braking, stopping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2800/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
- B60G2800/24—Steering, cornering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2800/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of movement or to the condition of the vehicle and to the end result to be achieved by the control action
- B60G2800/90—System Controller type
- B60G2800/91—Suspension Control
- B60G2800/915—Suspension load distribution
Abstract
A semi-trailer assembly having a trailer chassis and two or more pairs of wheels, at least the one pair of wheels being supported by a pressurised fluid system, wherein the pressure of the fluid in the pressurised fluid system is independently controllable from the pressure of the fluid supporting any other pairs of wheels, is described. The invention is particularly suitable for controlling the pressure of the most forward pair of wheels, and is also applicable to an extending skeletal trailer. The present invention provides load transfer of the trailer assembly, but repressurisation of axle support can be conducted automatically before the assembly reaches a public highway.
Description
This invention relates to a serai-trailer assembly which is adapted to be towed by a prime mover.
One problem with extending skeletal trailers is that under certain circumstances e.g. during downloading and unloading, the centre of gravity of the load can be to the rear of the centre of support of the wheels of the trailer, with the result that the trailer tends to lift the rear of the prime mover. This can, for example, render the prime mover difficult to start or render it difficult for the trailer to be manipulated.
One example of this is extending skeletal trailers, where the trailer can be extended and retracted in the longitudinal direction of the trailer in order to accommodate a range of standard containers. However, extension or retraction of the trailer will also alter the centre of gravity relative to the king pin.
IE000970
Previously, it has been common practice to overcome such problems by providing means for lifting the forward pair of wheels clear of the ground, with the result that the trailer is supported by the remaining pairs of wheels. The effect of raising the forward pair of wheels is to move the centre of support for the trailer rearwardly.
The disadvantage of raising the forward pair of wheels clear of the ground is that the vehicle combination of trailer and drawing unit do not conform to the current construction and use regulations.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a semi-trailer assembly which overcomes the drawbacks of lifting wheels in a simple and economical manner.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a semi-trailer assembly having a trailer chassis and two or more pairs of wheels, at least the one pair of wheels being supported by a pressurised fluid system, wherein the pressure of the fluid in the pressurised fluid system is independently controllable from the pressure of the fluid supporting any other pairs of wheels.
The trailer assembly may involve two, three, four or more pairs or sets of wheels. In one embodiment, the trailer has three pairs of wheels arranged as a forward pair and two rearward pairs for supporting the chassis and any load thereon. The pressurised fluid means may
IE000970 be a hydraulic system, but is preferably a pressurised air system. Preferably, each pair of wheels is supported on a suspension system which includes a container for pressurised air.
The pressurised fluid for such a multi-wheeled system may be connectable, and preferably there is included means for releasing the pressurised fluid, e.g. air, solely from the (air) container of one, e.g. the forward, pair of wheels. Release of pressure, e.g. by venting to atmosphere, will result in the e.g. forward, pair of wheels remaining in contact with a ground surface but carrying no weight of the trailer chassis and any load thereon. Applying the brakes to the wheels of the trailer assembly could be by a separate control valve to allow the trailer to be extended or retracted.
The chassis may comprise two portions, which are movable relative to each other in the longitudinal direction of the trailer. Locking pins or other catches are provided for locking the two portions in one of a number of alternative positions. However, the chassis may also be of static size.
A valve system could also be provided for supplying pressurised air alternatively to the braking system and to the system and/or means for releasing air. The means for releasing air could comprise a valve such as a pilot valve, especially a 3/2 pilot valve, a push pull valve, an electrical solenoid valve, or an electrical impulse valve.
IE000970
In particular the invention relates to a semi-trailer assembly comprising a trailer chassis with three axles and three pairs of wheels arranged as a forward pair and one or more rearward pairs for supporting the chassis and any load thereon, each pair of wheels being supported on a connected suspension system which includes a container for pressurised air, the semitrailer assembly including:
means for releasing the air solely from the air container for the forward pair of wheels such that the forward pair of wheels remains in contact with a ground surface but carries no weight of the trailer chassis and any load thereon; and means to enable depressurisation of the suspension system of the forward pair of wheels in response to application of the brakes of the wheels of the trailer assembly.
The means for releasing air may comprise a number of valves .
Preferably the system can only be operated when the park brake is operated (locking the trailer wheels). This could allow pressurised air to flow to the solenoid valve and pull valve. The pull valve could be operated so as to divert air to valves which isolate the front air bags and allows them to deflate without affecting any other air bag.
IE000970
For an extendable trailer, the trailer pins can be retracted and the increased imposed load on the prime mover enables the trailer to be extended.
The fluid in the system supporting the relevant pair of wheels can be repressurised manually. Preferably, the fluid is repressurised automatically, when desired or necessary. This could be as a result of the service brakes being applied a set number of times, (such that e.g. an electronic counter sends a signal to the solenoid valve which then resets the system), or because of a pre-determined speed of the trailer being achieved. Repressurisation could be provided by closing the venting air allowing the front air bags to inflate and reconnect them to any connected bags, eg the other axle-supporting bags. The suspension system should then revert to normal operation.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kit for application to a semitrailer assembly having a trailer chassis and two or more pairs of wheels, the pairs of wheels being supported by a pressurised fluid system, wherein the kit comprises means for allowing independent control of the pressure of the fluid supporting at least one of the pairs of wheels.
Preferably the means comprises one or more valves which can be incorporated into the pressurised fluid system to provide independent depressurisation and repressurisation of fluid supporting one, eg the most forward, pair of wheels of the trailer.
IE000970
The particular embodiments and features described hereinbefore for the semi-trailer assembly apply equally to means for the kit. The kit of the present invention should be usable with any existing trailer chassis and pressurised fluid support system.
For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect reference will now be made, by the way of example, to the accompanying diagrammatic illustration, Figure 1, which shows one embodiment of part of a semi-trailer assembly according to the present invention.
Semi-trailer assemblies of the extendible skeletal type are well known in themselves and will not be described in detail herein.
Such trailer assemblies all include a trailer chassis for supporting a load in the form of one or more conventional containers and (generally) three pairs of wheels (17a,b,c) disposed towards the rear of the trailer for supporting the chassis and any load. The wheels are provided with braking mechanisms, conventionally operated by compressed air, and with suspension systems, again conventionally incorporating containers for pressurised air.
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a three axle semi-trailer incorporating a forward axle (1) supported by forward air bags (3), a mid axle (5) supported by mid air bags (7) and a rear axle (9)
Ί
ΙΕ000970 supported by rear air bags (11) .
Pressurised air is supplied to brakes (not shown) for the wheels (17) by way of conventional couplings (not shown) and also to the air bags (3, 7, 11) to maintain the air pressure therein. When the source of pressurised air is turned off the drop in pressure causes the brakes to be applied, but the air bags (3,7,11) generally remain inflated.
Particularly in the case of an extendible skeletal trailer, in which the chassis comprises two portions which are slideabie relative to each other in a longitudinal direction of the trailer, transverse locking pins (not shown) are provided to lock the two portions of the chassis in one of a number of alternative positions in order to adapt the trailer for a particular container configuration to be carried.
Previously, it has been conventional practice to provide operating means, such as a push button, on the side of the chassis for lifting and lowering forward wheels. However, as discussed hereinbefore, this does not comply with current legal requirements.
In the present invention as shown in Fig. 1, the pressurised air system (2) supporting the axle air bags (3,7,11) includes two 3/2 pilot valves (15) located between the forward wheels (17a) and the rearward wheels (17b,c). The pilot valves (15) are able to selectively direct pressurised air to either the front air bags (3) or the rear air bags (7,11).
IE000970
The venting of the air bag (3) is controlled by an independent pressurised air system in having a pull switch (13) in which pressurised air (19) is only fed to the pull switch (13) and solenoid (16) when the parking brakes of the trailer are applied.
To effect venting of the air bags (3), the pressurised air system provides pressurised air to 3/2 pilot valve (15). In the absence of air pressure, the air bags (3, 7, 11) are able to communicate with each other as illustrated, but when air pressure is applied to the pilot of the valve (15), the pilot slides to isolate the rear air bags (7, 11) of the rearward two pairs of wheels (17b,c)(which remain pressurised), and to allow the forward pair of air hags (3) to vent to atmosphere and therefore to depressurise.
The front wheels (17a) should still be in contact with the ground, but carry no weight. The locking pins are disengaged to allow for the extension to retraction of the trailer chassis.
With an electronic counter (18) connected between a stop light power and the solenoid switch (16), a given number of electronic pulses can signal the solenoid valve (16) to allow pressurised air to the pull valve (13) which prevents the pilot valve (15) from being pressurised, closes the vent to atmosphere and reconnects the forward air bags (3) with the rearward air bags (7 and 11).
ΪΕ000970
The electronic pulses may be based on a predetermined number of uses of the brake pedal, e.g. 5, or on the trailer achieving a predetermined speed, e.g. 5 or 10 kph. This allows the user of the trailer some movement of the trailer without automatic repressurisation of the forward airbags (3). The user may wish to conduct some small movement of the trailer to assist alignment with loading and/or unloading. It also allows the user to achieve a limited speed in the yard, which is below any intended public highway speed. However, on attaining a public highway speed, eg above 5 or 10 kph, the forward airbags (3) would be repressurised, reengaging the forward wheels (17a), and so avoiding possible non-compliance with public highway transfer legislation.
When the source of pressurised air is reconnected to the brake line, the brakes can then be released.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments herein described which may be varied in construction and detail.
IE000970
Claims (17)
1. A semi-trailer assembly having a trailer chassis and two or more pairs of wheels, at least the one pair of wheels being supported by a pressurised fluid system, wherein the pressure of the fluid in the pressurised fluid system is independently controllable from the pressure of the fluid supporting any other pairs of wheels.
2. A semi-trailer as claimed in Claim 1 having two, three or four pairs of wheels.
3. A semi-trailer assembly as claimed in Claim 2 having three pairs of wheels.
4. A semi-trailer assembly as claimed in any one of Claims 1-3 wherein the pressurised fluid means is a pressurised air system.
5. A semi-trailer assembly as claimed in Claim 4 wherein each pair of wheels is supported on a suspension system which includes a container for pressurised air.
6. A semi-trailer assembly as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims wherein all the pairs of wheels are supported by a connected pressurised fluid system.
7. A semi-trailer assembly as claimed in Claim 6 wherein the pressure of the fluid in the IE000970 pressurised fluid system for the forward pair of wheels is independently controllable.
8. A semi-trailer assembly as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims wherein depressurisation of the pressure of the fluid is achieved by venting of the fluid to atmosphere.
9. A semi-trailer assembly as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims wherein control of the pressure of the fluid is by one or more valve means.
10. A semi-trailer assembly as claimed in Claim 9 wherein the valve means is one or more of the group comprising: pilot valve, push/pull valve, electrical solenoid valve or electrical impulse valve.
11. A semi-trailer assembly as claimed in Claim 10 wherein the means valve is a 3/2 pilot valve.
12. A semi-trailer assembly as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims being an extendable skeletal trailer.
13. A semi-trailer assembly as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims wherein repressurisation of the controllable pressurised fluid system is dependent on multiple use of the brakes of the assembly. IE000970
14. A semi-trailer assembly as claimed in any one of Claims 1-12 wherein repressurisation of the fluid in the pressurised fluid system is dependent on speed of the semi-trailer assembly.
15. A trailer chassis with three axles and three pairs of wheels arranged as a forward pair and one or more rearward pairs for supporting the chassis and any load thereon, each pair of wheels being supported on a connected suspension system which includes a container for pressurised air, the semi-trailer assembly including: means for releasing the air solely from the air container for the forward pair of wheels such that the forward pair of wheels remains in contact with a ground surface but carries no. weight of the trailer chassis and any load thereon; and means to enable depressurisation of the suspension system of the forward pair of wheels in response application the brakes of the wheels of the trailer assembly.
16. A kit for application to a semi-trailer assembly having a trailer chassis and two or more pairs of wheels, the pairs of wheels being supported by a pressurised fluid system, wherein the kit comprises means for allowing independent control of the pressure of the fluid supporting at least one of the pairs of wheels. IE000970
17. . A semi-trailer assembly substantially as herein described with reference to Figure 1. IE000970 '/ι u fx d Γχ cr> W! www iwi ATM?) SiSi o twwv Kw !ϋί!ία w WWW WWWV wwv WV £>>> »>5 www WWW WWW w» WWW ww£ >« px . o nj H d >—» Lu 00 '
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9928064.6A GB9928064D0 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 1999-11-29 | Semi-trailer assembly |
| GB0013308A GB0013308D0 (en) | 2000-06-02 | 2000-06-02 | Semi-trailer assembly |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| IE20000970A1 true IE20000970A1 (en) | 2001-11-14 |
Family
ID=26244402
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| IE20000970A IE20000970A1 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2000-11-28 | Semi-Trailer Assembly |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB2356607B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE20000970A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2387359A (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2003-10-15 | Wheelbase Engineering Ltd | Control system for lift axles |
| PL2390121T3 (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2013-07-31 | Schmitz Cargobull Gotha GmbH | Commercial vehicle trailer and control device for pneumatic spring assembly |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1232078A (en) * | 1958-11-24 | 1960-10-05 | Magneti Marelli Spa | Automatic pneumatic distributor for air suspension systems, in particular for three-axle vehicles |
| CA923933A (en) * | 1971-04-30 | 1973-04-03 | L. Fearon Robert | Vehicle with longitudinally adjustable load bearing axle |
| US4230334A (en) * | 1979-01-22 | 1980-10-28 | Mabry Jr Vern D | Cantilevered medial trailer |
| US4635742A (en) * | 1985-01-18 | 1987-01-13 | Jd-Bertolini Industries, Ltd. | Extendable chassis |
| GB8929185D0 (en) * | 1989-12-23 | 1990-02-28 | Rubery Owen Rockwell Ltd | Load distribution on air suspended vehicles |
| SE467200B (en) * | 1990-09-27 | 1992-06-15 | Saab Scania Ab | ARRANGEMENTS FOR SHARING A LOAD BETWEEN A DRIVING AND A NON-DRIVING AXLE WITH A VEHICLE BOGGI |
| GB2282111A (en) * | 1993-09-24 | 1995-03-29 | M & G Tankers & Trailers Ltd | Lift axles |
| NL9302012A (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1994-04-05 | Cornelis Gerardus Strien | Trailer for transporting ISO standard containers. |
| GB9408525D0 (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1994-06-22 | M & G Tankers & Trailers Ltd | Trailer with air suspension system |
| GB2337731B (en) * | 1998-05-27 | 2000-04-05 | Overlander Trailers Ltd | Semi-trailer assembly |
-
2000
- 2000-10-10 GB GB0024758A patent/GB2356607B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-27 GB GB0028779A patent/GB2356608B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-28 IE IE20000970A patent/IE20000970A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0024758D0 (en) | 2000-11-22 |
| GB2356608A (en) | 2001-05-30 |
| GB2356607A (en) | 2001-05-30 |
| GB2356608B (en) | 2002-08-14 |
| GB2356607B (en) | 2002-01-23 |
| GB0028779D0 (en) | 2001-01-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FA9A | Application withdrawn section 33(1) |