ID22961A - Sistem dan metoda komunikasi elektronik - Google Patents
Sistem dan metoda komunikasi elektronikInfo
- Publication number
- ID22961A ID22961A IDW991163A ID991163A ID22961A ID 22961 A ID22961 A ID 22961A ID W991163 A IDW991163 A ID W991163A ID 991163 A ID991163 A ID 991163A ID 22961 A ID22961 A ID 22961A
- Authority
- ID
- Indonesia
- Prior art keywords
- data
- computer
- communications link
- remote unit
- communicating
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0015—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the adaptation strategy
- H04L1/0022—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the adaptation strategy in which mode-switching is influenced by the user
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/03—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
- H03M13/05—Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
- H03M13/13—Linear codes
- H03M13/15—Cyclic codes, i.e. cyclic shifts of codewords produce other codewords, e.g. codes defined by a generator polynomial, Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem [BCH] codes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M13/00—Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
- H03M13/37—Decoding methods or techniques, not specific to the particular type of coding provided for in groups H03M13/03 - H03M13/35
- H03M13/43—Majority logic or threshold decoding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
- H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
- H04L1/1812—Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/22—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using redundant apparatus to increase reliability
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L51/00—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
- H04L51/06—Message adaptation to terminal or network requirements
- H04L51/066—Format adaptation, e.g. format conversion or compression
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M11/00—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
- H04M11/06—Simultaneous speech and data transmission, e.g. telegraphic transmission over the same conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/00127—Connection or combination of a still picture apparatus with another apparatus, e.g. for storage, processing or transmission of still picture signals or of information associated with a still picture
- H04N1/00281—Connection or combination of a still picture apparatus with another apparatus, e.g. for storage, processing or transmission of still picture signals or of information associated with a still picture with a telecommunication apparatus, e.g. a switched network of teleprinters for the distribution of text-based information, a selective call terminal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
- H04L1/0003—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate by switching between different modulation schemes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L51/00—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
- H04L51/21—Monitoring or handling of messages
- H04L51/23—Reliability checks, e.g. acknowledgments or fault reporting
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Probability & Statistics with Applications (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Algebra (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Communication Control (AREA)
- Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
- Transceivers (AREA)
- Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/003,203 US6006351A (en) | 1996-01-18 | 1998-01-07 | Electronic communications system and method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ID22961A true ID22961A (id) | 1999-12-23 |
Family
ID=21704699
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
IDW991163A ID22961A (id) | 1998-01-07 | 1999-01-07 | Sistem dan metoda komunikasi elektronik |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6006351A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0972346B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2001516547A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1179487C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE409980T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU769912B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR9904798A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2283525C (de) |
DE (1) | DE69939637D1 (de) |
EA (1) | EA001807B1 (de) |
ID (1) | ID22961A (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999035751A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (52)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6278442B1 (en) | 1998-06-26 | 2001-08-21 | Research In Motion Limited | Hand-held electronic device with a keyboard optimized for use with the thumbs |
US6489950B1 (en) | 1998-06-26 | 2002-12-03 | Research In Motion Limited | Hand-held electronic device with auxiliary input device |
US6919879B2 (en) | 1998-06-26 | 2005-07-19 | Research In Motion Limited | Hand-held electronic device with a keyboard optimized for use with the thumbs |
US7705828B2 (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2010-04-27 | Research In Motion Limited | Dual-mode mobile communication device |
US7272604B1 (en) | 1999-09-03 | 2007-09-18 | Atle Hedloy | Method, system and computer readable medium for addressing handling from an operating system |
NO984066L (no) | 1998-09-03 | 2000-03-06 | Arendi As | Funksjonsknapp for datamaskin |
US6760778B1 (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2004-07-06 | At&T Wireless Services, Inc. | System and method for communication between airborne and ground-based entities |
US6614931B1 (en) * | 1998-10-08 | 2003-09-02 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, Lp. | Handwritten instructions for messaging appliances |
GB2349547B (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2003-11-05 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd | Radio terminal |
US6725255B1 (en) * | 1999-08-25 | 2004-04-20 | Backweb Technologies Ltd. | System and method for tracking and reporting data transmission and receipt |
US6629284B1 (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2003-09-30 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | System and method for supervised downloading of broadcast data |
DE19958777B4 (de) * | 1999-12-07 | 2007-08-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Mobiles Telekommunikationsendgerät |
US7269160B1 (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2007-09-11 | Buffalo International, Inc. | Voice over internet call center integration |
CA2363244C (en) | 2000-11-07 | 2006-06-13 | Research In Motion Limited | Multifunctional keyboard for a mobile communication device and method of operating the same |
US7324949B2 (en) * | 2001-03-26 | 2008-01-29 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable medical device management system |
CA2392851C (en) * | 2001-07-09 | 2009-05-05 | Research In Motion Limited | Method of operating a handheld device for directional input |
KR100724833B1 (ko) * | 2001-09-04 | 2007-06-04 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 배터리 잔여 용량에 따른 데이터 저장방법 |
US20030070093A1 (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2003-04-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for implementing a server-based, common communication identifier for multiple communication applications |
CA2408331C (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2008-11-18 | Research In Motion Limited | Handheld mobile communication device with repositionable display and inputs |
US6842169B2 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2005-01-11 | Research In Motion Limited | Hand-held electronic device with multiple input mode thumbwheel |
JP4493249B2 (ja) | 2001-11-05 | 2010-06-30 | インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーション | ネットワークシステム、サーバ、タイムアウト時間情報提供方法、およびプログラム |
CN101017407A (zh) | 2001-12-21 | 2007-08-15 | 捷讯研究有限公司 | 带键盘的手持式电子设备 |
US7083342B2 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2006-08-01 | Griffin Jason T | Keyboard arrangement |
USD479233S1 (en) | 2002-01-08 | 2003-09-02 | Research In Motion Limited | Handheld electronic device |
KR100467587B1 (ko) * | 2002-06-07 | 2005-01-24 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 팩시 밀리의 자기 진단 방법 및 이 방법을 수행하는팩시밀리 |
US7109973B2 (en) | 2003-05-14 | 2006-09-19 | Research In Motion Limited | Mobile device with rotatable keyboard |
GB2425510A (en) | 2003-12-31 | 2006-11-01 | Research In Motion Ltd | Keyboard arrangement |
US7616968B2 (en) * | 2004-03-23 | 2009-11-10 | Mine Radio Systems Inc. | System and method to facilitate overcoming a degradation in transmission through a radiating transmission line communication system |
US20070258482A1 (en) * | 2004-06-01 | 2007-11-08 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. | Multi-Protocol Remote Control Device |
US8064946B2 (en) | 2004-06-21 | 2011-11-22 | Research In Motion Limited | Handheld wireless communication device |
US8219158B2 (en) | 2004-06-21 | 2012-07-10 | Research In Motion Limited | Handheld wireless communication device |
US8271036B2 (en) | 2004-06-21 | 2012-09-18 | Research In Motion Limited | Handheld wireless communication device |
US8463315B2 (en) | 2004-06-21 | 2013-06-11 | Research In Motion Limited | Handheld wireless communication device |
US20070192711A1 (en) | 2006-02-13 | 2007-08-16 | Research In Motion Limited | Method and arrangement for providing a primary actions menu on a handheld communication device |
US7986301B2 (en) * | 2004-06-21 | 2011-07-26 | Research In Motion Limited | Handheld wireless communication device |
US7439959B2 (en) | 2004-07-30 | 2008-10-21 | Research In Motion Limited | Key arrangement for a keyboard |
US20060190470A1 (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2006-08-24 | Lemnotis Peter A | Download, storage, and retrieval device |
CN100579146C (zh) * | 2005-09-02 | 2010-01-06 | 深圳市东进通讯技术股份有限公司 | 综合电信平台中的模块配置管理方法 |
EP1966982A1 (de) | 2005-12-30 | 2008-09-10 | TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (publ) | Verfahren und kommunikationssystem zur bereitstellung von informationen bezüglich einer dem anrufer abgespielten nachricht für einen anrufer |
US7094110B1 (en) | 2006-02-08 | 2006-08-22 | Net 7 Technologies, Inc. | Computer disconnect device |
US8537117B2 (en) * | 2006-02-13 | 2013-09-17 | Blackberry Limited | Handheld wireless communication device that selectively generates a menu in response to received commands |
US8000456B2 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2011-08-16 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Techniques for marking and manipulating voice message segments through a telephone user interface |
US8248212B2 (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2012-08-21 | Sirit Inc. | Pipelining processes in a RF reader |
US8054948B1 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2011-11-08 | Sprint Communications Company L.P. | Audio experience for a communications device user |
US8385256B2 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2013-02-26 | Sasken Communication Technologies Ltd | Method and system for efficient synchronization in a wireless communication system |
US8105736B2 (en) * | 2008-03-13 | 2012-01-31 | Miradia Inc. | Method and system for overlay correction during photolithography |
US8958550B2 (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2015-02-17 | Combined Conditional Access Development & Support. LLC (CCAD) | Encryption operation with real data rounds, dummy data rounds, and delay periods |
EP2954655A1 (de) * | 2013-02-08 | 2015-12-16 | BAE SYSTEMS plc | Datenverarbeitungsverfahren und -vorrichtung |
US10461892B2 (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2019-10-29 | Oracle International Corporation | Low latency communications |
EP3425865B1 (de) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-12-18 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur rückwirkungsfreien unidirektionalen übertragung von daten an einen abgesetzten anwendungsserver |
US10645017B2 (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2020-05-05 | Biosig Technologies, Inc. | Systems, apparatus, and methods for conveying biomedical signals between a patient and monitoring and treatment devices |
CN114342337A (zh) * | 2019-09-13 | 2022-04-12 | 昕诺飞控股有限公司 | 用于实现高速无线文件传输的系统和方法 |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US32365A (en) * | 1861-05-21 | Blind-fastening | ||
DE2246826B2 (de) * | 1972-09-23 | 1974-08-08 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | System zur gesicherten blockweisen Übertragung von binär codierten Daten |
US3944788A (en) * | 1975-01-27 | 1976-03-16 | Compuvote Corporation | Vote-recording apparatus |
USRE32365E (en) * | 1975-05-22 | 1987-03-03 | Sanders Associates, Inc. | Precessing display pager |
US4584679A (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1986-04-22 | E-Systems, Inc. | Tack-on acknowledgement in computer networks |
US5142550A (en) * | 1989-06-29 | 1992-08-25 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | Packet data communication system |
US5196943A (en) * | 1989-08-25 | 1993-03-23 | Copia International, Ltd. | Facsimile information distribution apparatus |
US5420884A (en) * | 1991-04-11 | 1995-05-30 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Automatic equalizer |
US5509050A (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1996-04-16 | Quadphase Corporation | Facsimile radio communication system having multiple data speeds |
US5588009A (en) * | 1994-02-03 | 1996-12-24 | Will; Craig A. | Personal paging, communications, and locating system |
JP2661551B2 (ja) * | 1994-07-13 | 1997-10-08 | 日本電気株式会社 | 無線lanシステム |
US5568536A (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 1996-10-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Selective reconfiguration method and apparatus in a multiple application personal communications device |
US5790799A (en) * | 1995-05-17 | 1998-08-04 | Digital Equipment Corporation | System for sampling network packets by only storing the network packet that its error check code matches with the reference error check code |
US5884206A (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 1999-03-16 | Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. | Distributed control system for heavy construction machine |
-
1998
- 1998-01-07 US US09/003,203 patent/US6006351A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-22 US US09/219,082 patent/US6085347A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-01-07 AU AU22171/99A patent/AU769912B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-01-07 BR BR9904798-5A patent/BR9904798A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-01-07 ID IDW991163A patent/ID22961A/id unknown
- 1999-01-07 AT AT99902117T patent/ATE409980T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-07 CA CA002283525A patent/CA2283525C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-01-07 CN CNB998002372A patent/CN1179487C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-01-07 JP JP53640399A patent/JP2001516547A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1999-01-07 EA EA199900806A patent/EA001807B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-01-07 WO PCT/US1999/000410 patent/WO1999035751A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-01-07 DE DE69939637T patent/DE69939637D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-01-07 EP EP99902117A patent/EP0972346B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69939637D1 (de) | 2008-11-13 |
AU769912B2 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
BR9904798A (pt) | 2001-07-17 |
EP0972346A4 (de) | 2001-03-21 |
US6006351A (en) | 1999-12-21 |
EP0972346A1 (de) | 2000-01-19 |
CN1179487C (zh) | 2004-12-08 |
CA2283525A1 (en) | 1999-07-15 |
JP2001516547A (ja) | 2001-09-25 |
CN1256810A (zh) | 2000-06-14 |
CA2283525C (en) | 2007-11-06 |
ATE409980T1 (de) | 2008-10-15 |
US6085347A (en) | 2000-07-04 |
EA199900806A1 (ru) | 2000-04-24 |
EP0972346B1 (de) | 2008-10-01 |
WO1999035751A1 (en) | 1999-07-15 |
EA001807B1 (ru) | 2001-08-27 |
AU2217199A (en) | 1999-07-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
ID22961A (id) | Sistem dan metoda komunikasi elektronik | |
WO2000072509A3 (en) | Communication management system and method | |
WO2001065771A3 (en) | Network resource communication system | |
GB0210658D0 (en) | Data communication | |
HK1050434A1 (en) | Method and system for accessing information and/or data available on a wide area computer network | |
KR960006642A (ko) | 멀티미디어 회의 시스템에서 사용하기 위한 향상된 주변장치 | |
SE0103535D0 (sv) | A system of intelligent devices, a method for providing such a system and a computer data signal | |
HK1062864A1 (en) | Bus protocol | |
WO2004051908A3 (en) | System and method for providing secure communication between network nodes | |
EP0702479A3 (de) | Elektrisches Kommunikationsverfahren und Vorrichtung | |
MX9606057A (es) | Sistemas y metodos para controlar la amplificacion del sonido telefonico sobre una base por llamada. | |
HK1091339A1 (en) | Connecting system, inverse multiplexer, data communication network and method | |
NO994222L (no) | Fremgangsmåte og innretning for å koble en datamaskin til et datanett via en telefonsentral | |
AU4637801A (en) | Method for transmitting a data packet from a first network unit to a second network unit in a data network | |
WO1999025135A3 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur übertragung von daten mit mobilen datenübertragungseinrichtungen | |
GB2307153B (en) | Encryption key management | |
TW347621B (en) | Method and arrangement for increasing data transmisssion rate over telephone cable | |
WO2001056230A3 (en) | Method and apparatus for routing data-carrying optical signals | |
JP2001186099A (ja) | 同期式データ伝送方式及び装置 | |
WO2002021738A3 (de) | Verfahren und system für die datenübertragung von und zu dem internet mit verwendung eines kommunikationsnetzes und eines rundfunksystems | |
JP3037174B2 (ja) | シリアルデータ伝送装置及びシリアルデータ伝送方法 | |
ATE324713T1 (de) | Synchronisationsverfahren zur informationsübertragung über stromversorgungsnetze | |
SE9901302D0 (sv) | Method and apparatus in a communication network | |
TW357515B (en) | Network exchanger | |
JPH04156119A (ja) | 光空間伝搬通信装置 |