HUT67819A - Method and press-filter for separating mixed liquid an solid medium - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a method and device for separating mixtures of liquid and solid materials by squeezing out or filtering off the liquid component. The mixture is divided into a multiplicity of adjacent or consecutive portions which are simultaneously and jointly compressed or reduced in size by the action of an external compressive force which is substantially the same for all portions and which acts in the direction in which the portions are disposed next to each other, and is propagated through all the portions. The solids in the portions are retained as filter cake, while the liquid is squeezed out as filtrate. The invention calls for the filtrate squeezed out of the portions, or out of the filter cake formed in the portions/filter cakes, to be removed through the end faces of the portions as well as through at least the bottom and, if possible, also the top surfaces, and preferably also through the sides, and advantageously through the entire top surface of the portions or filter cakes, i.e. through the end and peripheral surfaces of the portions/filter cakes.

Description

PROCEDURE AND FILTERING MIXED LIQUID AND SOLID MEDIUM

to separate

GUGGEMOS

Horst, Graz,

Haslauer,

Edwin, Graz,

Haslauer,

Robert,

Graz, Austria

KeltaIálók:

zones with announcers

Date of filing: 29.01.1992

Priority: 02.02.1991 (A 225/91) -Austria AT

International Application Number: PCT / AT92 / 00010

International Publication Number: WO 92/13624

77.761-2653 KAM ··· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a process for separating mixed liquids and solids, or for separating or dewatering liquid-solid mixtures, sludges, slurries, utility wastewater, utility sludges, or the like, wherein the liquid component is squeezed or filtered to optionally polymerize. the heat-treated mixture is divided into a plurality of adjacent or sequentially arranged sub-volumes, preferably of the same size, which are simultaneously and collectively substantially the same for all sub-volumes, extending through the sub-volumes, extending over each other; by reducing or decreasing the solids, during which solids in partial volumes are they are held in place and the liquid medium is squeezed out as a filtrate. The present invention also relates to a filter press for carrying out a process comprising a plurality of adjacent or sequential printing presses, which printing presses have a plurality of at least 10, preferably at least 20, preferably filtering layers on their printing surfaces, its extent measured in the compression direction can be reduced by compression pressure, wherein at least one drive unit for producing the compression pressure is provided.

Such a process or apparatus, in which dewatering is performed exclusively through filter plates delimiting the printing areas, is disclosed in EP-A-318 732. Such filter presses or separating devices are in principle different from separating devices which pressurize the mixture to be separated through filters or filter plates. In these solutions, the filter plates may also delineate printing spaces, but these printing spaces do not change their volume during the pressing process.

There are also a number of processes for separating liquid-solid mixtures which include pretreatment processes, for example pre-treatment by polymerization, addition of organic flocculants (coagulants), heat treatment or chemical treatment (addition of lime chloride).

Depending on the nature of the pretreatment (conditioning), the sensitivity of the mixtures to be dewatered or of the sludge to disintegrate the fluffy structure during further treatment is different and the behavior of such mixtures during dewatering is highly dependent on the thickness of the filter cake.

The chemical treatment, i.e. the addition of lime iron chloride, allows filter cake thicknesses of up to 40 mm, provided that pressing takes place on both sides of the filter cake and results in a dry matter content of up to 40-45%, for example in utility sludges. This type of treatment is mainly used in chamber filter presses. A disadvantage, however, is the increase in the volume of the filter cake due to the addition of lime by approximately 30%, which can be used to measure the actual number of solids to be filtered.

- 4 raw material content is significantly reduced.

The above-mentioned restrictions do not apply to fibrous sludges, such as other well-dewatered industrial sludges from paper mill cleaners. Particularly when paper mill sludge is conditioned by polymerization, it can be dehydrated in membrane roll presses to a solids content of more than 60%. However, pressing this type of fiber-containing sludge is not comparable to pressing the sludge, which sludge pressing needs to be improved according to the invention, since these sludge materials require special measures regarding the equipment and process used, since initially the liquid is rather easy to press. .

It is an object of the present invention to provide a process or separation device for efficiently separating sludge from difficult to dewater, such as large-scale sludge and / or sludge from sewage treatment plants, to provide at least 40% dry matter, in particular at least 50% dry matter. even if these sludge materials have been aerobically stabilized. Such aerobically stabilized materials are particularly difficult to dehydrate to a dry matter content of more than 30% by conventional means. It is therefore an object of the present invention to further develop the process described in the introduction, which can be easily pressed into liquid-solid mixtures and particularly difficult-to-separate mixtures such as sludge, slurry, etc. ensures optimum compression to the highest possible dry matter content.

• · * · · · ♦♦ · ♦ · * · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

In order to solve this problem, there is provided a process according to the present invention, wherein the filtrates are formed from partial volumes or filter cakes formed in partial volumes at the respective front faces of the partial volumes or filter cakes and in the lower volumes of the partial volumes or filter cakes. and optionally drained or extruded through its upper and / or lateral peripheral surface (s), preferably through the partial volumes or the entire outer surface of the filter cake, i.e. the two front surfaces and all the peripheral surfaces.

Further, by further developing the filter press described in the introduction, a filter press is provided in which, according to the invention, the filter disks are sealed with a long trough at least in the lower and especially lateral and / or upper regions and / or in the longitudinal direction of the trough. the lateral peripheral surface being open from below and optionally from above and / or laterally to allow the filtrate to flow out, wherein at least one wall surface of the trough is formed as a filter-permeable filter wall surface for draining the filtrate from the printing areas and filter plates.

It is thus a basic idea of the invention to provide a lamellae filter arranged in parallel and at predetermined maximum distances, preferably suspended from a plurality of pressurized enclosures, which are divided into a plurality of laterally enclosed pressurized compartments divided into a plurality of pressurized volumes; arrange where this printing space is preferably

- Filling is effected by gravity or by means of a suitable dosing device, such as a large-area plunger, with pre-treated sludge pre-treated through a 6-hopper hopper or hopper, preferably with pre-dewatering.

After filling the printing plate divided into a large number of sub-volumes or pressures, the inlet tank is separated from the press spaces by means of a slider, the surface of the lamellae filters having dimensions substantially equal to the size of the presser and the , so that during pressing, i.e. moving the lamellae filters towards the longitudinal axis of the printing space to reduce the partial volumes, the flanges are almost scrubbed and approached on all sides with the edges of the trough, housing or printing space; the invention does not require sealing between the peripheral surfaces or edges of the lamella filters and the inside of the housing; the contact between the lamellar filters and the trough or slider is sealed.

The compression process is thus accomplished by reducing the size of the pressure space in the longitudinal direction perpendicular to the surface of the filter plates, whereby the filled mixture is squeezed between the lamella filter plates. After initial fluid and solid exits, the internal friction angle of the filter cake increases relatively quickly due to its low filling thickness and the small spacing between filter plates of approximately 10-50 m and the loss of fluid, so that it is only in the initial stages of the pressing process. · · · · · · · · · · · · · ···

- At a low press pressure of 7 lags, the mixture is squeezed out, that is, the liquid and solids are squeezed together at the edges of the lamella filters.

However, it is ensured that the solids exiting with the filtrate flowing in the initial compression stage are captured by means of a filter arranged below the filter plates so that only the liquid flows through the filter and the solids are retained and the effluent mixture is circulated. This filter delimits the printing space from below and is located at a defined distance from the bottom of a tub located below, which holds the liquid passing through the filter.

After reaching a certain degree of dewatering, or after a first pressing step, the solids can be rinsed from the lower tub or filter, and in a subsequent pressing step, additional filtrate from the filter plates and filter cake may drip or drain into the tilted tub. After the time at which the solids no longer exit due to the increase in the internal friction angle, the tub is cleaned by rinsing with a rinsing device and the tub remains in a tilted position until the second pressing step is completed and drains the dripping filtrate. When compression is complete, the tub can be tilted sideways or laterally or longitudinally so that the space beneath the vane filters becomes clear. The vane filters are then recycled back to their original position, the recirculation or the original position being limited or determined by a limiting means arranged on each vane filter, such as chain members or the like. THE • ·

- 8 • «·« • · ♦ • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

filter cake scraper adhering to filter surfaces may be removed by means of a separating device designed to supply pressurized air as a blowing device for conducting compressed air or the like.

It is advantageous to keep the press pressure exerted during the volume reduction in a first compression step at a substantially constant low value and then to increase it to a defined end value in a subsequent compression step producing a further volume reduction.

Preferably, in the first pressing step, the partial volumes are linearly reduced or limited by 4085%, preferably 60-75%, of the partial volumes measured in the pressing direction, and then in the subsequent pressing step, the partial volumes measured in the pressing direction are reduced to about 50-90%, preferably 75-85% of the initial extent.

Advantageously, the pressing pressure during the first pressing step is adjusted to 0.5-6 bar, preferably 1-5 bar, especially 2-4 bar, and the final pressing pressure in the second optionally multi-stage pressing step is at least 10 bar, especially 20- It is adjusted to 50 bar or greater, so that relatively large volume reductions can be achieved in the first compression step by applying a propulsion unit which is sufficiently high for the pressure unit but which does not need to exert a particularly high force. Alternatively, in the second pressing step, the targeted linear volume reduction and the targeted final pressure can be achieved in a single pressing step by applying continuously increasing pressures. · ·· ·· ·· ·

- 9 zunk. It may be advantageous for the drive unit or the press unit to be of two-stage or multi-stage construction, since the pressing pressure in the second pressing step or towards the end of the pressing process is substantially increased and thus, considerably smaller pressing forces are required.

The invention will now be described in more detail below with reference to preferred embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a separation device according to the invention, a

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the separation device according to the invention, a

Figures 3 and 4 show various work situations, the

Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of the emptying, a

6 and 6a are detail views of filter plates, a

Figure 7: Connecting filter plates and removing filter cake, a

Figures 8 and 8a are sectional views of filter plates, a

Figure 9 is a schematic of a separating device for separating the filter cake adhering to the filter plates and a connecting device,

Figures 10 and 10a show a preferred embodiment of the separation device according to the invention, a

Figures 11, 11a, 11b illustrate filter units for separating the filter cake, a

Fig. 12 shows a structure for filling a filter press according to the invention.

Figure 1 illustrates a separator according to the invention.

A preferred embodiment of the apparatus 10. This separating device comprises a longitudinally extending housing formed by plate walls and a trough 8 having front, rear and side walls 51 in dotted lines. The trough 8 is enclosed by a bottom tilting tub 11. The upper cover surface of the housing may be formed by a slide 18. In addition, an end plate 4 and a pressure plate 2 are provided on or in the trough 8 or in the trough 8. Further, outside the housing, longitudinal and guide brackets 1, which are integral with the front and rear walls, are connected to one end of the trough 8 with the end plate 4 and the other end with a support 5 which is supported by a pressure unit 6. The pressure unit 6 disposed between the support 5 and the pressure plate 2 exerts pressure on the pressure plate 2 to move it towards the end plate 4. There is a pressure space 30 between the end plate 4 and the pressure plate 2, which is divided into a plurality of pressure spaces 22 formed between the filter plates 3. The printing presses 22 forming these partial volumes form the printing press 30 and are reduced in size during the pressing process. The tank 7 and / or a certain number of dosing channels (Figs. 6 and 12) feeding the top and / or sides of the trough 8 into the pressure space 30, which may be closed against the pressure space 30 by slider 18 or other sealing means. The closure is usually completed after the pressure chamber 30 has been filled, the closure is not necessarily required.

The bath 11 is optionally connected to the troughs via inflatable seals 41. The tub 11 is provided with a substantially horizontal filter 25, which is an intermediate filter.

11 lies on the lower sides of the filter plates 3 or is arranged at a certain distance therefrom. The tub 11 is further provided with a drain 26 'for draining the filtrate 16 and a drain 24 for discharging the liquid-solid mixture, which exits the pressure areas 22 during the pressing process and which is flushed by the tub and / or housing. (Fig. 3) to rinse.

Because the filter press can be quite long and can be characterized by a long pressing path, the pressure unit can be divided into two drive units and 6, 6 '(see Figure 2). For example, a spindle-driven press unit 6 'may be used which carries a press plate 5', whereby the spindle-driven press unit 6 'can be adjusted relative to the press unit 5. After starting the pressing process by moving the pressure plate 5 'using the initial hydraulic pressure unit 6 and completing the first pressing step, the pressure plate 5' is secured in one of a predetermined number of end positions 39 and cooperates with the pressure plate 5 ' enter. The subsequent second pressing step requires greater forces, since dewatering is then carried out at higher pressures.

It is to be noted that the housing 8, the trough 8 and the filter 2 5 in the tub 11 and the slider 18 lie tightly on the edges of the filter plates 3, but without the use of seals, which gives the house and the the turtle does not have to be pressure-resistant, but only the filling ··· 4 · «V · • · · · · · · · · · · · ·

- must withstand 12 pressures and the pressure exerted in the first pressing step. If not only the filtrate but also the mixture flows out by increasing the compression pressure, it may pass through the filter plate 25 and into the tub 11, thereby preventing a large increase in pressure in the pressure chamber 30 which would burden the walls of the trough 8. If high pressure is exerted in the second pressing step, sealing is no longer required since solids no longer escape from the filter cake due to the increase of the friction angle, but merely a liquid filtrate that is either discharged through the filter 25 or into a tilted tub 11. drips. The high compression pressure is captured by the support plate 5 and the pressure plate 5 ', the support 1 and the end plate 4 respectively. Of course, it is also possible to form the housing or the trough 8 as a pressure-resistant container such as a steel concrete tub. In addition, the trough 8 and / or the tub 11 may be provided with suitable filters, in particular side filters, to allow the filtrate to flow out in a manner similar to filter 25.

Figure 3 illustrates a separating device according to the invention during a first step in which a solid-liquid mixture exiting a closed or slightly bent tub 11 can be flushed into a conduit 51 by a flushing unit 27 which returns the mixture to the feed tank 7 to so that this mixture can be pressed again. It is recognizable that the filter plates 3 approach each other by the hydraulic pressure unit 6; a further approximation to the desired end position during a further step of pressing with increased pressure,

As shown in Figure 4.

• 4 • ·· ·

It is essential for the proper operation of the separation device according to the invention that the pressure space 30 is divided into a plurality of pressure areas 22 delimited by filter plates 3 in the press direction, which are arranged substantially parallel to each other at initial and end positions. But the presses themselves are open from all sides. Because the predetermined distance is relatively short, the friction coefficient in the filter cake can be achieved relatively quickly to prevent solids from escaping, so that in the second pressing step, high pressure dewatering or high solids content can be achieved without increasing solids.

Figure 5 shows the end position of the compression process of the separation device according to the invention, in which the filter plates 3 are returned to their starting position for carrying the filter cake 19 so that the filter cake 19 can be detached and drained by scrapers 15 movable vertically on the filter plates.

As shown in Figures 6, 6a and 8, the scraper blades 15 are provided with frame members 46 on the vertical lateral edges of the filter plates, so that the scraper blades 15 are horizontally disposed on both sides of the filter plates 3 along the surfaces 31 of the filter plates. The frame members 46 are provided in their lower end region with openings and staples 18 through which the rods 17 on each side of the separating device are longitudinally oriented. · · • * · · «· ·« «« · «·· *« 4

14 are guided (Fig. 5) which can be moved up and down by actuating means 20. Such upward and downward movement is effected after the bath 11 has been removed from the trough 8; in the case of a bath 11 mounted, the clamps 18 and the rods 17 are received by recesses 24 located bilaterally between the bath 11 and the filter 25. It should also be noted that the omissions 24 serve to capture the spilled mixture leaving the first compression step and transfer it to the recirculation line 51 for return to the filling container 7. The space 26 beneath the filter 25 leads to a drain 26 'from which the filtrate 16 is drained and fed to a clarifier. The filter plates 3 are slidably guided in the longitudinal direction of the separation device and may be formed by the conductive surfaces 52 of the longitudinal supports 1, on which the projections 38 of the filter plates 3 lie. Likewise, the trough 8 may be provided with omissions or guides 37 in which the projections 38 of the filter plates 3 are displaceably embedded.

To return the filter plates 3 to a defined starting position after each pressing process, adjacent filter plates 3, as shown in Figures 7 and 9, are connected by at least one connecting structure, for example, at least one on each side of each filter plate 3. Pins 3 6 are provided and pins 36 of adjacent filter plates 3 are enclosed by an annular portion 35. This ring portion 35, which forms the connecting structure, connects a filter plate 3 to the end plate 4 and the pressure plate 2, so that the filter plates 3 are secured by «·· * ··· · 4 · • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

- Reset 15 Tos. The connecting structures formed by the annular portion 35 and the pins 36 do not interfere with the approaching movement of the filter plates 3, but prevent the filter plates from moving away from each other beyond a certain maximum distance and ensure that the thickness of the printing spaces is maintained.

Instead of the pins 36 and the ring portions 35 shown, it is of course also possible to use other structures, such as chains or ropes 48 passing through the separation device, in which the filter plates 3, such as clamping screws 49 or the like, are fixed at defined distances. The ends of the ropes 48 are connected to the end plate 4 and the pressure plate 2 (Fig. 9).

The filter plates 3 may comprise two plates with openings 41 and a plate 45 with vertical longitudinal slots 40 therebetween, wherein the openings 41 of the perforated plate 14 extend into the longitudinal slots 40 of the central plate 45. At least one filter layer 13 is applied to the plates 14. When pressure is exerted, the fluid is pressed through the filter layer 13 and the openings 41 into the vertically spaced slots 40 and through the openings in the lower region of the filter plate 3 and through the longitudinal slots 40 open below.

Figure 8a shows a preferred embodiment of the filter plate 3. This filter plate 3 is preferably provided with vertical channels 33 disposed offset to one another, the surface of the filter plates 3 being covered by filter layers 13. In this way, it is possible to drain the squeezed liquid down through the vertically located channels 33 and to hold it in the tub 11.

A further embodiment of the filter plate 3 is formed by superimposing metal filter cloths which are interconnected without shifting. The filter plate 3 thus formed forms a rigid filter plate. The fibrous spacing of the metal screen fabric decreases outward, so that only the filter can penetrate the lamellae and flow down the coarse metal web.

The edges of the filter plate, or the filter plate itself, are spaced apart at all times during the pressing process and open through at least one peripheral surface or the entire peripheral surface.

In order to separate the filter cake 19 from the surfaces 31 of the filter plate 3, a blowing device 21 is provided between the two filter plates 3 reset to their initial position in the upper region of the respective pressurized space 22 with nozzles 32 adjacent to the surfaces 31 of the filter plates. under pressure of the jet, the filter cake 19 is detached and allowed to leave in a downward direction.

A plunger 9 can be arranged in the dispensing container 7 which provides a forced filling of the pressure space 30 and thereby a certain pre-pressing of the mixture in the initial position of the filter plates 3. In order to provide alternately material transport and the aforesaid pressure application, the piston 9 is provided with a non-return valve 23 for upward passage of the mixture filled into the pressure chamber 30.

- 17 prevents it.

The filter layer 13 applied to the filter plates 3 may consist of plastic and / or metal fabric, while the filter plates 3 may be made of plastic cast metal or steel plate assemblies. The embodiment shown in Fig. 8a is preferably made of plastic sheets which are provided with longitudinal channels 33 by suitable machining methods.

The filter plates 3 may, in principle, be provided with any type of shaped or perforated surface. All that is required is that the filtrate passing through the filter layer 13 can run between the filter layer 13 and the filter plate 3, or in the filter plate 3. It is also possible to provide sloping or horizontal drainage channels 33.

The filter cake 19 exiting or discarding the separation device is contained in a receptacle which can be drained or transported by means of a conveyor.

An advantage of the separation device according to the invention is that some dewatering takes place before the first pressing step, since the liquid may pass to some extent through the filter 25 and / or the side filter walls, and this pre-dehumidification effect is achieved by the piston 9. it can be increased by the pressure exerted during its downward movement so that a certain pre-pressed mixture can be subjected to the pressing process.

The separation devices constructed according to the invention may have a length of several meters; its cross-sectional dimensions are, for example, 100 x 100 cm.

The process according to the invention is preferably carried out in accordance with the invention.

18, in the first pressing step, the pressing pressure is adjusted to 0.5-6 bar, preferably 1-5 bar, especially 2-4 bar, while the final pressing pressure used in the second pressing step is at least 10 bar, especially 20- Set to 50 bar or higher. During the first compression step, the pressure curve is substantially constant, which is also due to the fact that the pressure does not increase along the relatively long compression path due to the large liquid content of the filled mixture and the large surface area available for outlet filtration and small thicknesses. tends to remain at the same level despite the reduction in partial volumes. Particularly due to the formation of only a thin press cake, the blocking of the cake is prevented, or due to the large number of pies to be pressed, the separation process is sufficiently efficient.

The second pressing process begins when the pressure increases. In this second compression step, the pressure increase occurs either linearly, gradually, or at a slope greater than linear until a predetermined end value is reached which is maintained at a predetermined time interval. With the start of the second compression step, the solids-containing mixture no longer leaves the printing presses, but despite the increasing pressure, it is now only a substantially pure liquid filtrate. For this reason, the bath 11 is rinsed shortly before the second pressing step, i.e., the effluent mixture is removed through the recirculation line 51 so that the pure filtrate 16 can be subjected to further processing. In this way, the effective separation of the mixture is efficient.

- We provide it.

The number of filter discs 3 used in a single separation device for an 8 meter device is between 160 and 200, depending on the maximum distance selected between the filter disks at the starting position.

An important advantage of the filter press is that in the first pressing step, only small pressures are required, but along long paths. Propulsion units suitable for this purpose are relatively easy to produce; high pressure equipment requires a great deal of effort, but such equipment only needs to be used for short sections of the second compression step.

In the case of blends from the paper industry, separation can be accomplished in a single pressing step due to the behavior during pressing.

The number of wires used for the filter plates 3 and the filter plates 3 is optional. Advantageously, the guides are arranged on the lateral vertical surfaces or edges of the filter plates 3.

It is preferable for the trough 8 to be filled with one or more containers 7, which preferably extend over the entire length of the printing space 30 and optionally have a width, in particular above the printing spaces 22. It is preferable that these filling container (s) extend over the entire length of the printing space so that all the printing spaces 22 can be filled simultaneously and rapidly. As shown in Figures 6 and 12, a plurality of feed channels along the length of the trough 8 can be used, which can be closed by sliders. Continuous processing of the mixture is worth ·· ·

Several filter presses (separators) according to the invention can be arranged in 20 decks, where the filling, pressing and emptying can be carried out in such a way that the processing of the continuously incoming mixture is quasi-continuous.

Since the pressing pressure only acts on the filter plates 3 between the end plate 4 and the pressure plate 2, and through the filter plates 3 and the mixture exits almost without pressure, the housing walls are thus unloaded and thus the filter plates 3 and so on. applicable to driving. Only the end plate 4, the pressure plate 2 and the longitudinal brackets 1 are subjected to load, where the brackets 1 connect the end plate 4 with the support 5 associated with the pressure unit 6.

The mixture fed to the printing space 30 may have a dry matter content of approximately 7-15%. The dry matter content of the mixture to be filled can be increased while the mixture remains liquid and can be filled.

Figures 10 and 10a show a preferred embodiment of the separation device according to the invention. In this embodiment, the trough 8 is a concrete tub, in particular a metal concrete tub, which may be open from below, or may be tilted or pivoted, or may be provided with laterally displaceable filters 67. The concrete sheath and / or concrete trough 8 are provided in support of a pressure unit 6 arranged on both sides of the trough 8, whereby the pressure units 6 exert pressure on a predetermined number of filter plates 3 through respective pressure plates 2. In the center of the filter plates 3 there is optionally a plate 64 fixedly fixed in the trough 8, to which the filter plates 3 can be pressed, whereby the pressure in the pressure volumes is prevented.

- 21 distributions can be made smoother. The pressure volumes are delimited by lateral walls 66 which are provided with filter wall sections or are formed by filter walls so that the filtrate can be easily and laterally sealed off. The side walls 66 can be laterally mounted on the filter plates 3 with hydraulic cylinders and removed for the purpose of carrying out the second pressing step and draining the filter cake. The filter plates 3 can be covered or closed by a slider 68 from above. It is also possible to provide a lowering filter 25 in the lower region of the trough 8 formed by the concrete tub, where hydraulic means may be used for lowering; the lower shut-off member of the separation device may also be removed by lateral displacement.

Figure 11 shows a movable structure for transferring the filter cake from the pressurized volumes. This movable device may be movably disposed on rails 69 above the pressurized space and provided with a number of scraper blades 15, for example manually or motor driven or electric drive unit 70, as shown in Fig. 11a. The scraper blades 15 are provided with a drive rod 71 which is movable up and down through a gear 72 and which holds a cross member 73 on which both sides, as shown in Fig. 11b, are provided with scraper blades 62. As shown in Figure 11b, in the region of the movable arrangement 61, a guide member 74 that can be inserted into the pressure volumes is pivotally mounted about a pivot point 75. Guide 74 has a decreasing cross-section ·· ♦

22 76, it can be introduced into the pressure volumes or their upper ranges as shown in Fig. 11b (in order). When the position of the guide member 74 becomes fixed, the scraper blades 62 are lowered along the inner surfaces of the guide member 74 and the filter cake 19 is scraped off the filter faces of the filter plates.

Fig. 12 is a sectional view of the trough 8, which is provided with an inlet channel 7 in the upper region of the trough 8, which extends along a longitudinal direction of the trough 8 and can be closed by a slide 18.

It should also be noted that the trough 8 can be made of any material, such as plastic.

Claims (34)

A process for separating or dewatering mixed liquid and solid media or for separating or dewatering solid-liquid mixtures, sludges, sludges, utility wastewater, utility sludges, or the like, wherein the liquid component is squeezed or filtered to optionally heat-separate, the pre-treated mixture being divided into a plurality of adjacent or sequentially arranged sub-volumes, preferably of the same size, which are simultaneously and collectively substantially the same for all sub-volumes, extending outwardly through the sub-volumes, narrowing or decreasing to retain solids in partial volumes as a filter cake and compressing the liquid medium as a filtrate, characterized in that the filtrates are formed from the partial volumes and the filter fractions formed in the partial volumes on the respective front surfaces of the partial volumes and filter cakes and on the lower and optionally upper and / preferably, they are drained or squeezed through the partial volumes and the entire outer surface of the filter cake, i.e. the two front surfaces and all the peripheral surfaces. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the volume reduction the pressing pressure expressed in the first pressing step is maintained at a substantially constant low value and then increased to a final value in the next pressing step which produces a further volume reduction. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the value of the compression pressure in the first compression step is determined by the frictional resistance of the device itself and during the volume reduction of the partial volumes and only slightly exceeds this value. 4. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second pressing step is initiated when the friction coefficient of the mixture or filter cake is increased to a value which is increased by pressing the liquid component of the mixture in the first pressing step and in the case of further increase in press pressure, it is greatly prevented from being carried in the extruded liquid. 5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, in a single step of compression, at a sufficiently increased pressure, the partial volumes are linearly reduced or limited by approximately 50-95%, preferably 75-85%, of the extension of the partial volumes in the pressing direction. 6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pressing performed during the pressing steps is carried out in substantially non-sealed or at least bottom open volumes. 7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the charge exits and the first - the solids carried by the pressed filtrate during the 25 pressing steps are filtered off or retained in the sub-volumes by means of a filter unit such as a sieve arranged under the sub-volumes. 8. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the filtrate leaving the second compression step is free to flow and the filter unit is removed. 9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the first pressing step the partial volumes are linearly reduced or limited by 40-85%, preferably 60-75% of the extent of the partial volumes measured in the pressing direction, and in the subsequent pressing step its extent measured in the compression direction is reduced to about 50-90%, preferably 75-85% of the original and initial dimensions. 10. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pressing pressure during the first pressing step is adjusted to 0.5-6 bar, preferably 1-5 bar, especially 2-4 bar, and the final pressing pressure in the second optionally multi-stage pressing step is at least 10 bar, especially 20-50 bar or more. 11. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that pre-pressing is performed prior to the first pressing step, whereby the filled compression mixture is directly pressurized with the same volume of partial volumes, and preferably pre-pressing at a lower pressure than that used in the first pressing step. 12. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pressing is carried out in the second optionally multi-stage pressing step until a dry matter content of at least 40% dry matter, preferably at least 50% dry matter, is achieved. 13. Filter press for separating or dewatering mixed liquid and solid media, or for separating or dewatering liquid-solid mixtures, sludges, sludges, utility wastewater, utility sludges, or the like, through a plurality of adjacent or sequential pressurization, which printing areas are defined by a plurality of at least 10, preferably at least 20, preferably at least 20, preferably parallel to each other filter layers having filter layers on their printing surfaces, and the extent of which in the compression direction can be reduced by compression pressure, wherein at least one -12. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the filter plates are sealed with a long trough (8) at least in their lower and especially lateral and / or upper region (s) and displaceable longitudinally in the longitudinal direction of the trough (8). and optionally open at the top and / or at the side to allow the filtrate to flow out, wherein at least one wall surface of the trough (8) serves as a filter-permeable filter wall surface to drain the filtrate from the printing areas and filter plates (3). - 27 trained. Filter filter according to Claim 13, characterized in that a filter (25) for filter passage is arranged below the pressure spaces and filter plates (3), which can be removable close to them, for example tiltable or laterally displaceable, and / or the trough (8). it is designed to be lockable with a removable wall such as a slider. A filter press according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the trough (8) is provided with a bottom (11) formed as a tub (11) for receiving removable, in particular tilting or pivoting spout and / or extruded filtrate, wherein the filter (25) arranged at a distance from the bottom of the bath (11) and preferably with a rinsing device (27) held by the trough (8) or the bath (11). 16. Filter press according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the filter plates (3) are arranged at a distance of not more than 0.5-6 cm, preferably 0.5-4 cm, in particular 1.5-3 cm. 17. A 13-16. A filter press according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the filter plates (3) are provided with interconnecting structures defining the maximum distance between the filter plates (3) and allowing the adjacent filter plates (3) to move closer to each other, the filter plates (3) are provided with pins (36) and adjacent pins (36) are annealed with a ring portion (35), spaced apart from each other by a filter element • 9 · - 28 (3) are connected by means of chains or ropes, or similar connecting devices are provided. 18. A 13-17. A filter press according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that one or two pressure plates adjustable at one or both ends of the trough (8) are associated with the pressure areas (22) by means of at least one drive unit applying pressure to the pressure areas (22). . 19. 13-18. A filter press according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the trough (8) is provided with longitudinally extending guides (37) or in the trough (8) longitudinal conductors in which the filter plates (3) can be slidably extended upwardly. being suspended or hooked or by means of which the filter plates (3) are retained, the filter plates (3) being preferably supported by projections (38) on the guide elements (37) and the guide elements (37). 20. A 13-19. A filter press according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one stiffener (1) is provided on each side of the trough (8), which is provided with an end plate (4) forming one end of the trough (8) or the pressure space (30). are connected and with which the support (5) of the pressure unit (6) is connected, or on which the support (5) is supported in optional positions, wherein the pressure unit (6) is arranged between the pressure plate (2) and the support (5) and wherein, optionally, the guiding elements (37) are formed on a stiffener (1) guided from the end plate (4) of the trough (8) to the support (5) of the drive unit. 21. A filter press according to any one of the preceding claims, ·· · · • · · • * · · • 4 · • ··· · · * 4 • ♦ · · «» · * · • · ·· ·· « • 4 · * · • · * b - 29 - 4 V with characterized by the support (5) and platen (2) stone- secure at least one given cases are different and / or each other Mo a press unit and / or a multi-stage press unit, such as a hydraulic press unit (6) and a spindle drive unit (6 '), a multi-stage roller press or the like are arranged. 22. A 13-21. A filter press according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the trough (8) is preferably at the top and / or at least one side surface having at least one, preferably the entire length of the printing space, the feed channel or container (7) for filling the mixture, which optionally comprises at least one piston (9) for forcing the pressurized spaces (22) and / or for pre-pressing the mixture (22). The filter press according to claim 22, characterized in that the pressure spaces (22) are lockable with at least one slider (18) opposite the inlet tank (7) or the feed channel (s), which slide (18) is sealed directly on the filter plates. (3) connected to its upper and lateral edges and its peripheral surfaces. 24. A 13-23. Filter press according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the trough (8), in particular its sidewall surfaces containing optional filter wall sections, the slider (18) and the filter (25) are tightly but tightly encircling the filter plates (3) are arranged. - 30 * 25. A 13-24. A filter press according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is provided with means for separating the filter cake (19) adhering to the filter plates (3), which can preferably be inserted between scrapers (15) or longitudinally displaceable air jet blowing means (21), etc. 26. A 13-25. A filter press according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the drainage channels (33) are formed in the filter plates (3) delimiting the sides of the pressure spaces (22), preferably bearing bilaterally a filter layer (13). 27. A 13-25. A filter press according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the filter plates (3) are multilayer and comprise on their two outer sides at least one perforated plate (14) with a filter layer (13) and a plate (45) with vertical longitudinal slots (40) the openings (41) of the perforated plates (14) extend into the longitudinal slots (40). 28. A 13-27. Filter press according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the filter plates (3) are preferably bilaterally formed on their surface with vertical longitudinal channels (33) which are covered externally with at least one filter layer (13). 29. A 13-28. A filter press according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is provided with a recirculation line (51) from the trough (8) or from the tub (11) to the filling tank (7). - 31 4 ' 30. A 25-29. A filter press according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has a carriage holding the scraper structures (62), which is movable longitudinally above the trough (8). The filter press according to claim 30, characterized in that the scraping devices (15) are provided with scraping blades (62) pressed against the surfaces of the filter plates (3) by means of a spring or spring bars (63). 32. A 13-31. A filter press according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the trough (8) is a concrete trough or frame, optionally open at the top and bottom, whereby the support (5) associated with the at least one pressure unit (6) is formed by the concrete wall. A filter press according to claim 32, characterized in that the lateral and / or lower wall surfaces (66) can be approached or laid flat on the filter plates (3) and can be displaced in front of the lower and / or lateral surfaces of the printing spaces (22). 67) are provided, optionally with filter wall sections. 34. A 13-33. A filter press according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a printing plate (64) fixed in the trough (8) or on the supports (1) or in the concrete tub is located in the middle region of the packing area or the filter plates (3).