HUP9602862A2 - Akkumulátor töltési elrendezés és eljárás - Google Patents
Akkumulátor töltési elrendezés és eljárásInfo
- Publication number
- HUP9602862A2 HUP9602862A2 HU9602862A HUP9602862A HUP9602862A2 HU P9602862 A2 HUP9602862 A2 HU P9602862A2 HU 9602862 A HU9602862 A HU 9602862A HU P9602862 A HUP9602862 A HU P9602862A HU P9602862 A2 HUP9602862 A2 HU P9602862A2
- Authority
- HU
- Hungary
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- tower
- unit
- tank
- sight
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
- H01M6/5077—Regeneration of reactants or electrolyte
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
- B60L50/72—Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
- B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
- B60L53/18—Cables specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
- B60L53/31—Charging columns specially adapted for electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
- B60L53/53—Batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
- H01M8/225—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising particulate active material in the form of a suspension, a dispersion, a fluidised bed or a paste
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Filling, Topping-Up Batteries (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
A találmány tárgya akkűműlátőrtöltési elrendezés, elsősőrban villamősmeghajtású gépjárművekhez, amely töltőállőmást, akkűműlátőrt, egy vagytöbb beömlő csőnkőt és egy vagy több kiömlő csőnkőt tartalmaz. Abeömlő csőnk elősztó egységhez, míg a kiömlő csőnk ürítő egységhezkapcsőlódik, az ürítő egység pedig a töltőállőmás gyűjtőtartályegységével van összeköttetésben. A találmánynak tárgya azeljárás is akkűműlátőr töltésére, elsősőrban villamős meghajtásúgépjárművekhez, amelynek sőrán a gépjárműből a felhasználtakkűműlátőr- alkőtórészeket főlyékőny állapőtban eltávőlítják, majd azakkűműlátőrba regenerált elektrőlitőt vezetnek. A találmány jellegzetessége, hőgy az elősztó egység (3) a töltőállőmás(1) elektródszűszpenziót és elektrőlitőt tartalmazó aktívtartályegységével (9) van összeköttetésben, az aktív tartályegység (9)primer elektródszűszpenzió-tartályt (11) és primer elektrőlittartályt(12) tartalmaz, az akkűműlátőrhőz (3) az elektródszűszpenziónak azakkűműlátőrőn (3) belüli rögzítésére és/vagy az akkűműlátőrból (3)történő eltávőlításának segítésére alkalmas rögzítő készülék (24)kapcsőlódik. Az eljárás jellemzője, hőgy az elektrőlit bevezetéseelőtt az akkűműlátőrba (3) elektródszűszpenziót vezetnek, azelektródszűszpenziót pedig rögzítik. ŕ
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
HU9602862A HU221405B1 (en) | 1996-10-16 | 1996-10-16 | Electric currentless arrangement and method for charging accumulators |
EP96942543A EP1029381B1 (en) | 1996-10-16 | 1996-12-28 | Layout and procedure of charging of batteries |
AU11677/97A AU1167797A (en) | 1996-10-16 | 1996-12-28 | Layout and procedure of charging of batteries |
PCT/HU1996/000085 WO1998016962A1 (en) | 1996-10-16 | 1996-12-28 | Layout and procedure of charging of batteries |
DE69622440T DE69622440T2 (de) | 1996-10-16 | 1996-12-28 | Anordnung und verfahren zur batterieaufladung |
US09/308,277 US6384569B1 (en) | 1996-10-16 | 1996-12-28 | Layout and procedure of charging of batteries |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
HU9602862A HU221405B1 (en) | 1996-10-16 | 1996-10-16 | Electric currentless arrangement and method for charging accumulators |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
HU9602862D0 HU9602862D0 (en) | 1996-11-28 |
HUP9602862A2 true HUP9602862A2 (hu) | 1998-06-29 |
HUP9602862A3 HUP9602862A3 (en) | 2000-03-28 |
HU221405B1 HU221405B1 (en) | 2002-09-28 |
Family
ID=89994355
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
HU9602862A HU221405B1 (en) | 1996-10-16 | 1996-10-16 | Electric currentless arrangement and method for charging accumulators |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6384569B1 (hu) |
EP (1) | EP1029381B1 (hu) |
AU (1) | AU1167797A (hu) |
DE (1) | DE69622440T2 (hu) |
HU (1) | HU221405B1 (hu) |
WO (1) | WO1998016962A1 (hu) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6558825B1 (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2003-05-06 | Reveo, Inc. | Fuel containment and recycling system |
US6382264B1 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2002-05-07 | Reveo, Inc. | Recyclable fuel distribution, storage, delivery and supply system |
JP2005512275A (ja) * | 2001-10-29 | 2005-04-28 | レベオ, インコーポレイティッド | 複数チャンバー式格納システム |
DE10224808A1 (de) * | 2002-06-05 | 2003-12-18 | Aloys Wobben | Verfahren zum Transportieren elektrischer Energie |
JP2008539683A (ja) * | 2005-04-27 | 2008-11-13 | ハイドロジェニクス コーポレイション | 燃料電池システムにおける適応エネルギー管理のためのシステムおよび方法ここで使用する各セクションの見出しは、構成上使用するものであり、したがって、いかなる点においても、クレームを限定すると解釈すべきではない。 |
US20100241470A1 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-09-23 | Smith Christopher W | System and apparatus for rapid recharging of electric batteries |
SG11201607323VA (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2016-10-28 | Phinergy Ltd | Pit stop for and method of replacement of electrolyte |
US9561737B2 (en) | 2014-06-27 | 2017-02-07 | Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. | Mobile aluminum-air battery power system |
US11936074B2 (en) | 2018-08-22 | 2024-03-19 | Alumapower Corporation | Rapid electrolyte replenishment system for aerial drones |
WO2020039254A1 (en) | 2018-08-22 | 2020-02-27 | Alumapower Corporation | Metal air battery device |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4127701A (en) * | 1971-11-18 | 1978-11-28 | Energy Development Associates | Refuelable electrical energy storage device |
US4448858A (en) * | 1982-03-26 | 1984-05-15 | California Institute Of Technology | Chemically rechargeable battery |
US5196275A (en) * | 1990-07-19 | 1993-03-23 | Electric Fuel Limited | Electrical power storage apparatus |
WO1992002964A1 (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1992-02-20 | Luz Electric Fuel Israel Ltd. | Rechargeable electrical power storage unit for use in electrical transport system |
US5135820A (en) * | 1991-02-14 | 1992-08-04 | Jones William E M | Apparatus for recirculation of battery electrolyte and method of using same |
US5304430A (en) * | 1993-02-22 | 1994-04-19 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Acid-base concentration cell for electric power generation |
US5558947A (en) * | 1995-04-14 | 1996-09-24 | Robison; George D. | Rechargeable battery system and method and metal-air electrochemical cell for use therein |
-
1996
- 1996-10-16 HU HU9602862A patent/HU221405B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-28 DE DE69622440T patent/DE69622440T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-12-28 US US09/308,277 patent/US6384569B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-12-28 WO PCT/HU1996/000085 patent/WO1998016962A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-12-28 AU AU11677/97A patent/AU1167797A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-12-28 EP EP96942543A patent/EP1029381B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6384569B1 (en) | 2002-05-07 |
HUP9602862A3 (en) | 2000-03-28 |
EP1029381A1 (en) | 2000-08-23 |
EP1029381B1 (en) | 2002-07-17 |
DE69622440T2 (de) | 2002-11-14 |
HU221405B1 (en) | 2002-09-28 |
DE69622440D1 (de) | 2002-08-22 |
AU1167797A (en) | 1998-05-11 |
HU9602862D0 (en) | 1996-11-28 |
WO1998016962A8 (en) | 1999-10-21 |
WO1998016962A1 (en) | 1998-04-23 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MH4A | Lapse of definitive patent protection due to relinquishment |