HU228317B1 - Man-made vitreous fibre batts and their production - Google Patents

Description

Equipment for Fiber Optic Fur Coats © lőálXxt.ásáxa

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the manufacture of man-made glass fiber (MMvEj coats) and, in particular, to an apparatus for optimizing the constructor of the coat surfaces, independently of the optimization of the core structure of the coat.

A common method of making an MMVF coat is to centrifugally melt a mineral melt into a cloud of MMV fiber in air using a centrifugal spinner placed in an air stream, the fibers being woven in a permeable conveyor belt with opposing edges. we suck the air out of the cloud while the conveyor is moving in a first direction and overlap the web to make the top

Various types of spin-offs are known for converting mineral melt into fibers. Many of these consist of a disk or cup rotating about a substantially vertical axis. These cookers are arranged in a conventional manner, i.e. substantially in the first direction, such as described in, for example, GBP 926,749, ÜSP 3,824,086 and WO 33/03092. Conventionally, the same melt is fed to each spinner so that a substantially homogeneous product is produced. However, ERP Patent No. 1,321,446 φ * * * • ♦ «*

Μ * document that organic fibers are deposited on the product surfaces and that a binder or other material is fed into the fiber cloud bt. US8 5,099,020 describes the preparation of a laminated product with successive centrifugation discs. The patent application 03 3,824,086 mentions that the arrangement of the two devices in two rows next to each other has the disadvantage that the product does not extend along the overlapping centerline.

Different spinning devices are those which comprise at least one mouth forming rotor which is substantially horizontal. is mounted on a shaft. Such spinners may have one or a pair of rotors to which the melt is applied and. from which (k ') the filaments are formed, but more commonly, the spinning apparatus is a cascade spinning apparatus in which the melt is fed to the first rotor and sprayed onto the second, third, optionally fourth successive rotor, wherein the filament formation on the second and subsequent rotors happens, often down to the bottom.

The properties of the fibers formed on each spinner depend on the fiber forming parameters of that spinner, its name being noiseless. parameters that influence fiber formation.

One important thread forming parameter is that. the material quality of the melt that is fed to the spinners in that fiber formation is influenced by. changes in the physical properties of the melt (in particular, changes in viscosity, which depend on both temperature and chemical composition); and fiber properties would change by altering the chemical composition of the melt.

Another fiber forming parameter is the rate at which the melt is fed to the spinner. Generally longer fibers and a stronger coat are available with less than a larger amount of feed while hitting each parameter unchanged),

Another training parameter is the position of the mandrel or at least one of these in relation to the position of this melt in the spinner. For example, the melt is generally drained to the rotor or to the first rotor of the spinner and the angle of the melt current to the rotor surface affects the efficiency of the spinner. Similarly, if there are sequentially arranged rotors, the position of each rotor relative to the other may affect the? Efficiency.

Another threading parameter is the acceleration space created by the rotor or rotors (spaces if there are multiple rotors). The acceleration space depends on the diameter and rotational speed of the rotor.

Ven is generally an air flow associated with the filament rotor or each rotor, wherein the filaments formed on the rotor surface are contained in this air stream. This air stream has a flow field and each flow field is associated with a spinner which is another important fiber forming parameter.

In conventional processes, a single cascade or other type of digester is arranged to form the fiber from the mineral melt and the fibers are dispersed in the form of a fiber cloud in the air. Fibers are collected on a permeable conveyor belt as a web with opposite first

and a second wind region and a central region. such that air is drawn from the cloud through the conveyor.

The structure of the web often has variable properties or properties, and for this and other reasons, it is common practice to cross-weave the web to form a coat where the first face of the band is formed mainly of the first edge of the web and the opposite end face of the gang being mainly a second edge portion of the web, the fur further comprising a core portion between the first and second end face.

Conventionally, it is desirable for the fur to have as uniform a particle size as possible throughout its thickness, i.e., it is preferable that there is no deliberate discrepancy between the first face, core portion and second face of the fur.

For some purposes, a band is required that varies in properties along its thickness, but this is traditionally done by making a substantially homogeneous coat and then treating it by modifying its surface properties. It is known, for example, to use an extra binder on one surface and / or to cut off a front surface from the weight of the coat, to re-combine it with the weight of the coat and to laminate a thin coat to a thicker coat which has other properties.

It is known to vary the filamentation conditions on a single spinner by changing the filamentation parameters. Such examples are described in the US? 3,159,475; and 4,210,432; EP-A 080,963; bO 91/10436; WO 92/12940; and WO 9S / 135B5. In these processes, in some cases, the change is made during the process, and in other cases, before the process is started, by selecting the threading parameters appropriately.

Although conventional procedures utilize a single cascade or other type of spinner, it has been suggested in the literature to provide a first and second spinner, and optionally a third spinner, between the lower and second spinner. A. The fibers from each of the three spinning devices form a single airborne fiber, and when collected as a web to its fibers on the conveyor belt, the first and second spinning webs form the fibers forming the first and second edge portions of the web. , and if a third spinner (or others) is present, the third spinner (or others) provides the fibers that predominantly form the central portion of the web.

Thus, for example, a method has been described which uses a pair of rotors, one of which is arranged as a mirror image of the other. The fact that the mirror image of one another does not result in different winding parameters of the two spinners.

The use of three adjacent cascade spinning devices is described in WO 92/12940. This teaches that the relative positions of the axes of the various rotors need to be controlled in order to optimize the fiber formation. There is no suggestion in I9O 92/12940 that the relative position of the toto within a cascade spinner should be as illustrated by the relative position of the rotors of the three cascade spinner. A similar system is disclosed in WO92 / 12941.

Since its former sects, in practice, the general aim was to provide a web that is as homogeneous as possible, it is logical to adjust the spinning parameters of the spinner in the same way on each spinner, although it is described in £ 374,112. describe that the concentration of binder or dye additive was varied along the width, and that the present invention relates to two different problems,

One problem stems from the fact that it is often mentioned below that it would often be desirable to make a fur having one of the edges having properties other than the core, so that, for example, Partial fibers would have different average fiber diameters or average fiber lengths than core core fibers, thus allowing us to independently optimize the coat's padding properties and the insulation or other physical properties of the coat. that the thickness of the fur is split and one of the other slices is treated before being reassembled, or the surface of the web is treated, or separate layers of fur are laid on top of each other.

A second problem arises when using two or more adjacent cook knots to make a single web. Due to the nature of the procedure and the structure of the collection chamber, it is difficult to accurately observe what happens to each of your .f births. Here, however, we have now discovered that a set of two or more spinners is each spinner. its operation can be relatively independent of one another even if it is desired that the spinner knives work similarly to one another. Thus, when two spinners having substantially the same rotor diameter and speed, and with the same amount of melt, are placed side by side, it is predicted that each spinner will have the same fiber production and fiber quality. In fact, we have now realized that this is not necessarily the case, and two spinners that are intentionally identical and that are intentionally operated under the same conditions often have different fiber yields or different fiber properties, or both,

The reason for this is unclear, but is probably related to the difficulty of adjusting any set of process conditions reliably, given the high temperatures, high rotor speeds, and high air velocities that occur with each spinner. Also, since the spinners are necessarily placed differently from the fall collector, this is the position !! the difference can contribute to the difference in efficiency, for example, because air flows around each spinner differently. Whatever the case, we believe that systematic or sometimes spontaneous changes occur and reduce the efficiency of the entire manufacturing process.

Accordingly, the present invention also relates to realizing this problem and to solving the problem by avoiding unwanted and uncontrolled variations of individual spinning devices placed side-by-side in a spinner series, thus increasing efficiency, avoiding the edges of the web: the changes in action and therefore in the thickness of the fur.

The present invention provides novel coats having different properties along their thickness and providing an apparatus and method capable of resolving both problems, namely, the production of these new types of wadding and the avoidance of unwanted variants of the web.

For the manufacture of an MMVF coat according to the invention. serving equipment consisting of:

first and second centrifugal spinners arranged substantially adjacent to each other and from one or more third devices between the first and second spinning devices, each centrifugal spinning device comprising at least one spinning rotator rotating about a substantially horizontal axis, wherein the rotor or each rotor has an acceleration space provides means for feeding the HlkVF melt to each of the spinning devices, and means for: threading the fibers from each spinning device into an air stream of each spinner;

a fiber rotor of a chair, wherein the air stream has a flow space, thereby forming a single cloud of air entrained in the air, to collect the fibers from a permeable conveyor belt into a web having opposing first and second flaps, and a central portion thereof; and means for suctioning air from the cloud onto the conveyor belt, wherein the first and second spinning devices form the strands that supply the first and second wind portions, and means for cross-weaving the web to form a fur, the first front side portion of the fur being formed mainly from the first edge portion of the web, the opposite second front side portion being formed mainly from the second edge portion of the web, the front side portion being formed mainly from the second edge portion of the fur; a peripheral portion having a core portion and said apparatus having means for selectively selecting two or more cooking parameters from different heads, each of these parameters being as follows; (a; the physical properties or chemical composition of the melt fed to the spinner, ib? the rate at which the melt is fed to the spinner; (c) positioning the spinning rotor or at least one of the spinning rotors on a spinner relative to the feed location; is fed to this spinner, (dj is the acceleration domain or ranges of this spinner, and milk is the air stream associated with one spinner, or each air stream

IO flow area.

Berendezés The apparatus of the invention can be used for the process of making an MMVF coat, wherein:

and converting the mineral melt into c-entrifalgally filaments such that the melt is substantially arranged next to each other in a first and second centrifugal spinner and the first and second centrifugal spinner. is fed to one or more third centrifugal spinners, each centrifugal spinner comprising at least one filament rotor rotating about a substantially horizontal axis, and the rotor or each of the rotors generates an acceleration space; wherein the airspace has a flow space and thereby forms a single cloud of air in the air, the fibers are collected on a permeable conveyor belt into a web having an opposing first and second edge and a central portion such that the cloud passes through the conveyor belt aspirating the air, which causes the first and second xonds to form the fibers that provide the first and second edges, and overlap the web to form a fur mainly the first edge portion of the web and the first homo portion of the fur and the opposite second second portion of the fur are formed from the mainly second edge portion of the web and have a core portion between the first and second edge portions of the fur; centrifugal spinning can be controlled such that two or more spinning parameters of the different spinner (s): (a) by the physical properties and / or chemical composition of the melt fed to the spinner, (b) by the flow rate of the melt to the spinner, 0c according to the feeding position of the spinning rotor or at least one spinning rotor to that spinner, Δd> according to the acceleration field or fields of a spinner or you) is selected from the air flow or each of the air currents associated with one spinner and the spinning parameter at least two [one or more spinnerets (kei rp prior to manufacture of the MMVF coat are desirably set to have one or more web edge or core part properties), such as (1) the average fiber diameter, [2; average fiber length, [3} fiber content, (4) fiber breaking strength, [5; density or chemical composition.

Thus, during the process, at least two filamentation parameters are different on different spinners.

The invention is suitable for processes in which at least two parameters can be set on one of the spinners and one or all of the other spun is not adjusted during the process. In fact, these other spinning devices may be so constructed that it is difficult to achieve parameter adjustment {that is, spinning devices and their melt flow cannot be easily configured so as to permit such adjustment.

In other methods and apparatuses, the adjustment of the at least two dampers is achieved by setting one parameter on one spinner and the other parameter on a second spinner. Setting any of the parameters on any other cooker may be difficult to access. Further adjustment of the second or subsequent parameters may be difficult to achieve on adjustable spinners, but this is usually possible.

However, it is usually possible to set at least one parameter, and usually at least two parameters, and often all parameters, on at least two (and generally all) spinners. Often, at least two parameters are adjusted on a spinner while the process is not changing one or more of the other spinner or other spinner.

In practice, at least two parameters need to be set (or different parameters on two different spinners or at least two parameters on one or more spinners because it has been recognized that setting a single parameter in a spinning process with multiple spinners does not provide sufficient control over the process according to the invention. If, for example, the performance of one of the spinners is inadequate, merely adjusting the amount of melt added to the spinner will achieve the efficiency we require. Instead, in practice, it will be necessary to at least m / sky change one or more parameters, such as one or more acceleration forces in the airflow fields, to compensate for changes that result from setting the melt volume parameter Totten.

The setting of the at least two parameters may be made primarily with the intention of obtaining a more uniform or even web. For example, the adjustment may be made primarily with the intent of varying the yield along the width of the web, for example, to obtain edge portions that have a higher fiber mass than would otherwise be the case, e.g. its mass and bulk content are substantially uniform throughout the width of the web.

Thus, for the first time, it was possible to optically exclude the operation of known double and triple spinners.

Such centrifugal cookers may be any centrifugal cookie set having a rotor forming one or more substantially rotating axially rotating filaments.

Generally, however, each spinner is a cascade spinner, so preferably each spinner used for making the web is a cascade spinner comprising a rotor rotating about a substantially horizontal axis and at least one rotor rotating about a substantially horizontal axis, to pick up the melt blown from the first rotor and sprinkle it in the shape of fibers.

Conventionally, there is a first rotor on which some fibers may form, but which are mainly used to accelerate the melt and spray it onto a second rotor, there is a second rotor which forms a fiber and melts a third rotor, and the third rotor converts the whole melt into filaments or 5; spray the melt to a fourth rotor, and the arai converts the whole melt into fibers. At least the second or subsequent, and optionally the first rotor training is conducted in an air stream that can affect the fiber formation.

Suitable cascade spinners are described in GS-A 1,555,117,

WO 92/06047, WO 92/1293-9 and WO 92/12940.

One way of varying the fiber properties of different spinners is to vary the amount of melt, and this is particularly significant when the spinner is a cascade spinner. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to control very precisely the amount of melt discharged from each individual toner. Generally, it is advantageous to provide a single melt from each furnace to each of the heating devices and, in this case, it is convenient to provide a suitable tumbling device to provide a single melt from each furnace to the spinner. introduced. It is difficult to precisely control the melt flow if. it flows down one spout toward the spinner and it is particularly difficult if a single rigid spout system is used to feed the baron or multiple spinners. Thus, for example, it is not appropriate to provide a barrier with adjustable barriers.

We have developed an apparatus for forming artificial glass fibers with a plurality of cascade spinnerets, which allows one to optimize the flow of the melt to each spinner individually. This equipment allows the amount of melt delivered to a spinner ♦ · <φ * ♦ * * *

adjustable Hook regardless of the amount of melt delivered to the other or more spinning knives.

The present invention provides an apparatus for making MM V filaments comprising first, second and third centrifugal (conventionally cascade spinnerets arranged side by side) a first, third, and third, centrifugal spinning apparatus for receiving melt discharged from a furnace at an inlet. and from a second discharge point for feeding to the first, third and second spinner, wherein the dripping device has first and second swinging arms, generally extending in opposite directions to the receiving space away from the first and second receiving locations, respectively. and a third karma, which generally extends from the receptacle to the third discharge site, and the device includes a means for the spout to resemble a substantially horizontal axis - which generally extends transversely and is substantially long tilts independently of a directional axis - where the flow at the first, second and third discharge points can be controlled independently of the other locations.

The tapping device is essentially T-shaped, with the base of the T acting as a third tapping arm and extending forward, the tapping member tilting about a substantially horizontal (forward) axis substantially parallel to the base of the T and a substantially forward axis. tilts about a perpendicular horizontal axis.

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It refers to a substantially horizontal direction under _the .Előre viewer ^Zi direction that is substantially perpendicular to the transversal direction, which is. the first and second emptying sites extend between.

Although this trickle is a preferred device, it is a single; to feed the melt into three spinners, it is also possible to use another means to feed the melt to one or more of the spinners! to control the speed of the melt, regardless of how the melt is fed to other cookers. Suitable apparatus is disclosed in WO-A-SS / 35S18.

In order to be able to use a single device to produce a range of products which extend, evenly along the width of the web, two or more products of uniform width of web (and the thickness of the fur; uniformly along the width of the web) , it is necessary that each of the spinning devices is independently controllable so that at least two defined spinning parameters are independently controlled One or all of the centrifugal spinning devices can preferably be independently controlled from at least two of the defined spinning parameters. Preferably, at least one spinner and more preferably each spinner is independently adjustable in bar, four or five defined pa with an independent choice of ramometer.

Independent selection can be made before the process is started. For example, one of the cookers can be constructed to form different threads than the others. For example, if the fpno's are a cascade spinner, one or more of them may be three-rotor spinners, while one or more of the other four may be rotary spinners, but in general, each device has the same rotor, each having a common advantage four.

One or more of the cooking apparatuses may be constructed having rotors or rotors of different sizes from the other or more. For example, one or more of the rotors may be constructed according to WO92 / 06047, whereas a. the other or the other rotors may be constructed in size or speed according to WO 92/12939 or WO 92/12940.

However, the independent control of cookie baskets consists in selecting two or more threading parameters independently at the start of the operation or during the operation. Thus, at the start of the operation, a combination of fiber-forming parameters can be selected that takes into account the desired end product or can be changed during the operation. If two or more parameters are varied during the operation, this control and independent selection of the invention may be made in response to spontaneous or unwanted variations in fiber production. For example, if it is observed that the fiber production of one of the sawing machines spontaneously decreases, then one or more of the fiber forming parameters are adjusted to return the yield to the desired value.

However, more commonly, during the manufacturing process, more is expected

Φ »κ> * X * is performed by changing the quality of the product. Thus, for example, the invention provides an opportunity to switch production from one product type to another.

At least two of the threading parameters can be set automatically or manually. For example, the desired wind section. or core-part properties can be programmed into a control system that operates the entire apparatus, where the fiber formation parameters are automatically adjusted to achieve the desired properties. A suitable control system is EP

No. 9730967 / ¾.

One of the adjusting threading parameters refers to the melt itself. The parameters may include its physical properties (generally its viscosity): and / or its chemical composition.

The viscosity is influenced by both the temperature and the chemical composition of the melt, and the viscosity is influenced by the process of forming, so that if the fondant is otherwise similar, but the viscosity of the melt varies according to one or another spinner. the fiber quality will be different. If there is a discernible difference in viscosity as soon as the melt reaches the spinner, this difference will normally be at least 10 ops, often at least 20 or 30 ops. Can be 200 ops or more.

If there is a difference in melt temperatures, as the melt reaches the spinners, it is usually at least 1 ° C, for example at least 20 U ^c and 50 ^c can be C or even 100 ° C as well. If there is a difference in the chemical composition, this may be a relatively small difference, with at least 1 or 2% by weight of the T-shirt having at least one melt com19 r * · »- - -.

ponens (ovid. measured) - but can be much larger, such as at least 5 or lo 5 or more for one or more components of the melt.

Another difference in the strain formation parameters that can be used is the melt flow rate, especially when the spinners have substantially the same construction. For example, if each spinner is of substantially the same design, increasing (or decreasing) the feed (kilograms per hour) to one spinner by at least 5 or 10 seconds, often 30-60% or more, can make a significant difference in the number of spinners. on the spinner,

Another difference with fiber forming parameters is the choice of position of the fiber forming rotor or at least one of the fiber forming rotors relative to the location where the melt is fed to the sealing device. For example, the entire spinner may be displaced laterally to change the angle at which the melt reaches the spinner by at least 5 'or ICb from a value approximately 90 ° to a significantly smaller value, alternatively the entire spinner, a can be rotated about a horizontal axis, as described in U. S. Patent No. 3,1.59,475, typically at least S ', or each rotor may be displaced vertically and / or horizontally relative to one another. One or more spinning devices may be oscillated around a vertical axis of the hub, or may be set to a specific angle at a predetermined angle to the longitudinal direction of the fiber cloud growl to direct the cloud in a selected direction. Does the spinner or spinner describe a suitable procedure and equipment »» ** «'# **? : For setting each of »· *« »'' ♦» »* 82 EE ~ n 825, .965.

The invention is also applicable to processes in which the change of fiber forming parameters consists in terminating the melt supply to one or more towing devices, provided that at least two other spinning devices continue to receive melt for fiber forming. Thus, the invention is applicable to processes in which the melting of one or two spinners is interrupted, and so on. This may have the advantage that the stopped spinner may still be used as a medium for dispensing primary and optionally secondary air and / or cooling water and / or binder from the towing devices, but without adding fibers to the material collected as a web,

The other threading parameter that can be changed is the acceleration field or fields. This case is defined as the centripetal acceleration of the acceleration field on the surface of the rotating rotor and as an element of the wheel surface having the radius r1m) and the rotating speed mseod;

a ~ r ek {m. sec ¹ }, where ω ^:::: 2 πη / 60, and n turns per minute. number.

This change can be achieved by replacing one of the rotors with a rotor of a different diameter as discussed above), but this is accomplished in a conventional manner according to the invention by varying the rotational speed when each spinner has more than one rotor. If there are multiple rotors, the change can be made on each rotor or on only one rotor or some of them.

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The acceleration field variation is normally at least 10% or more. For example, since each spinner comprises a single rotor, one of them may have at least 10% greater acceleration field than the other, whereas if the spinner is a cascade spinner, the first or second rotor or one or more on a robot, the acceleration field will generally be at least 10% larger on one spinner than on the corresponding rotor of the other spinner.

For cascade wedges, it is preferred that the air stream of each filament spinner be provided with a primary air stream which is substantially in contact with some or all of the circumference of each of the additional rotors and optionally a part or all of the circumference of the first rotor. an air gap (stroke) having a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the rotor, arranged to direct the primary air flow through the circumference of the rotor. This first air stream is usually supplemented by a second air stream flowing around the primary air stream, the primary air stream being exited from control means positioned adjacent to the rotor or each rotor and coaxially or conventionally with the air stream. 5 ^C ~ 60 ° velocity vector and axially driven so that the tangential component rotates with the rotor.

The means for guiding the rotor on one or more rotors of a spinner is often arranged to exert a larger tangential component, generally to a primary airflow of one or more rotors of one or more spinners, generally at least 5 °. If there is a third spinner, then in general, this is the biggest angle. · A maximum tangential angle is at least 5 ^& ~ by third fonókés Sule than the maximum tangential angle of the first and second spinners and is usually at least 20 "> Some however, in the embodiments, it is preferred that the first and second spinner sets have a greater. angle because this facilitates the production of higher tensile strength fibers.

In order to minimize it a. it is advantageous to arrange the primary airflow guides so that they are arranged at different angles on different parts of each rotor, so that the tangential angle a can be optimized with respect to the design of the collecting chamber. to maximize tensile strength while minimizing the impact of fiber heat on the walls of the chamber.

Variation of the fiber formation conditions can therefore occur in the airflow flow space. The air stream may consist of only a primary air stream or a primary and secondary air stream, where the secondary air stream surrounds the primary air stream. thus, the velocity vector of the primary air stream at one point of the spinner may be larger, usually at least 10%, often 30 to 80%, greater than the velocity vector of the primary air at substantially the corresponding point of the other spinner, and / or the velocity vector of the secondary air stream may be at least a certain percentage, often 30 to 30% greater, than the velocity vector of the secondary air stream at a substantially corresponding point of another female apparatus.

Often, an adjustable primary air stream is provided with a secondary air stream, which may be provided, inter alia, by an auxiliary air stream located below the spinner, providing a relatively strong air stream up and down to direct the flow space to the collection chamber and minimize in the stack, which is normally placed before and below the spinner to collect the fiber debris.

The velocity vector of the primary (and / or secondary) Airflow can be varied simply by the flow velocity of the spinner and the air flowing therefrom, for example, when the air or a portion thereof flows in the same axis as the cooking apparatus, though it may be desirable to insert a tangential component into the air stream as it approaches the spinner. applying the tangenolic component, as described above, to the primary airflow near each circumference of the spinner or towing device to modify the filamentation conditions on the periphery of the rotor or each rotor of the spinner.

Variable as the angle variation of the velocity vector, such as a specific point in a fonőkészülék a specific value of the speed vector of the angle is at least 5 ^c-kai differ from the corresponding point in another fonőkészülék same speed vector value, which is the result of at least 5 kü24 · *** · ♦ # «« »· * · * ** * *« # * »* * * * tv # Λ« * ♦ ♦ * «♦ ♦» ♦ * # * * # «« «·» »A there is a difference between the airflow orientation of one spinner and the airflow orientation of another spinner at this location.

All of them, braids. can be mounted independently of other f οπό devices and may be constructed and mounted as described in WO 96/38393. For example, each beaker may be constructed with its own substantially tubular conductor, such as the one described in WO 96/38391.

6. These two conduits may end up in a collection chamber, the construction of which is described in WO 96/33391. Reference should be made to this in order to provide a complete description of the substantially tubular spinner, the spinner and the entire apparatus, rather than installing each spinner in its own substantially tubular, preferably two or more spinners in a single tubular, generally oval shape. to allow two or more spinners to be placed in the wire. In addition to being oval rather than substantially circular, other details of the conductor and the device are described in WO 96/33391, for example, guides may be provided on the inner surface of the conductor wall that may be shaped or so. they can be adjusted to provide different non-axial motions for different axial segments of the air flowing near the main unit and thereby become the secondary air discussed above.

The conveyor belt must be wide enough to accommodate the fibers coming from two or more head units. The edges of the conveyor belt are often defined by the walls of the conveyor belt, but air currents or any other suitable method can be used at the cost of clamping on the fiber-cloud barriers. In this case, the velocity vector of the primary gas streams preferably has an axial and rotational tangential component.

The web formed on the conveyor belt is folded and a coat is formed. This can be done by a swinging pendulum technique or by any other method of laying web lengths transversely to the direction of travel of the fur, with each of the first edges of the web forming one surface of the fur and the second edge of the web being opposite.

An example of an overlap system which does not include a pendulum overlap system is disclosed in PCT / SP37 / ÖC965.

The web may have a continuous length and will take the form of a zigzag coat. If.

When doing so, the closed angle of each flap is usually smaller, as in this case it is overlapping with such a transverse direction, preferably less than 10 ". Usually at least 4, preferably 0 or more, e.g. wings are flipped over each other to form the full thickness of the coat. As a result of flapping at least 6 wings extending from one surface of the fur to the other, it is ensured that the first front face is predominantly (e.g., at least 80% wool); on the snow side, the second, opposite edge of the fur, and the fur is integral in the sense that it is not made by bonding one fur to another.

The core is composed mainly of fibers from the middle of the fur, while the outer parts of the core merge in a zone formed on the first and second opposing sides of the same fibers.

By varying at least two of the fiber forming parameters, the fibers and other properties of the web can be controlled. As we have pointed out, the important fiber properties are mainly the yield (grams of mineral matter per unit surface area, especially if we want to make the web as smooth as possible, but change in yield generally causes a change in fiber properties, parameter is not changed to compensate,

As a result of varying two or more thread training parameters, a. fibers and other properties along the web. As indicated, the important fiber properties are mainly the yield (grams of mineral matter per unit surface area), especially if we want the web to be as uniform as possible, but changing the yield under normal circumstances changes the fiber properties. unless you change another parameter to compensate.

The purpose of varying two or more fiber inspection parameters is to achieve various properties such as average fiber diameter, average fiber length, feedstock quantity, or chemical composition in one or more of the older webs. In this way, the web may have A-3 conformation.

or A-A-B or A-B-A or A-B-C configurations and similarly, the cotton wool may have such configurations along its thickness.

The average fiber diameter of the core portion of the fur and / or the central portion of the web may be different from the average fiber diameter of a front, e.g., the core portion may have an average fiber diameter of less than S1 or greater than 11 (e.g. ^{, from 2} % to 90% or% by weight) of the mean homocytic fiber diameter,

Instead of, or in addition to, fiber quality differences in fiber diameter, the difference in fiber length may occur, and the fiber length of the fleece core and / or the central portion of the web may be less than 90% or 110% of the homocoidal fiber length. higher (e.g. 50-90% or 110-200%).

It is often beneficial if. the core fiber has an average fiber diameter and / or filler content of at least 10% (typically 20-60%) less than the fill content of the homocellular portion or both, and / or the fiber length of the homozygous portions at least 1-0% (typically 20-60%) less than the length of the core portion fibers. This imparts an optimum insulating property to the core (by maximizing fineness) and allows for optimization of strength and other properties at one or both ends of the core (by maximizing fiber length). In other words, the core length has a fiber length of at least 10% less than that of a Roman okra,

The thread. Another difference in quality is expressed in the tensile strength of the fur, Sz may vary along the thickness of the fur.

2, such that the core strength is typically less than 90% or greater than 110% of the strength of the homo-side (typically 50-90% or 110-150% y).

h fiber quality differences, on the other hand, are expressed in terms of density. Ά density is the total mass per unit volume of material collected in the fur and seed. & The production of one of the cooking appliances is typically at least 5% more or less than the production of one or more of the other spinning apparatus, even if they are substantially identical in design and function, and may result in a change in density.

Each web having a specific fiber quality shall have at least 5% of the thickness of the fur and shall extend inwards from the outermost surface and from the kernel (if different) at least 20% of the thickness. There is a transition regarding the properties between sections, such as the homepage page section 1 and the core section section: Often each face will make up at least 10% of the thickness, but usually not more than 30-40%, if there is a separate core part., The core part (if present) may be 80% of the thickness, if the foreheads are thin, but often not more than 30 or 40%.

The melt can be any mineral melt that can be converted to fiber, such as glass, slag or rock material. Often slag or rock has, for example, an alkaline earth metal oxide content of more than 15% by weight and an alkali metal oxide content of less than 10% by weight. It can be, for example, a common slag or rock melt or a high aluminum melt such as that described in WO 96/14274 or a low aluminum melt as disclosed in WO θβ / 14274 in the prior art. .

The binder and other additives may be added to the fiber cloud in a known manner. The amount of binder or other additive in each spinner may be the same or different.

The coat may be of any conventional shape, such that it can be cut and / or shaped (e.g., into mirrors) during the crosslinking of a braid or sheet and binder.

The products of the present invention can be transformed into any conventional bbV fiber product, such as sheets, plates, tubes or other shaped products that can be used for heat insulation, fire and acoustic insulation or reduction and control, or to form a horticultural growing medium or cement, plastic or other product. .

The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the apparatus for use with the apparatus of the invention; FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a dripping apparatus for feeding the three cascade spinners of FIG.

the. Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view of the resulting coat; Fig. 4A is a perspective view of another apparatus for use with the apparatus of the invention.

Referring to Figure 1, the three cascade cooking apparatuses 1, 3 and 2 have rotors 4 from which the fibers are centrifugally dispersed in a conventional manner. From the cooking apparatus 1, the fibers 50 collect on the webs 7 on the conveyor belt 5 in the wind region E1, while the main apparatuses 2 gather mainly along the opposite edge region R2 and from the cooking apparatus 3 mainly along the middle ages E3. These E1 and R3 are old in the diffuse zone 6, and the R2 and E3 regions are similarly in the diffuse zone 6.

If desired, the intermediate or other material other than Idbbr is preferably sprayed on one or more of the main apparatuses, e.g.

The web 7 is then overlapped by a pendulum interleaver 8, and the cross-flap product is a fur collected on the conveyor belt 9.

This fur (see Figure 3?) Has an upper face 10, which is mainly formed by the R2 region of the web, and a middle core 12, which is mainly formed by the R3 region of the web.

A. The front and core portions 10 and 12 and 12 and 11 are joined and integral with one another in a boundless zone 13.

Fig. 4 is a rear view of an apparatus similar to the one shown in Fig. 1, but with the corresponding wire. This conduit may be the same as that described above with reference to WO 96/33331, so that the chamber 50 is substantially oval and has the shape of cylinders 3 which merge with one another and surround 1, 3 and &

* X «« * - «- *

• .η

fonőkészülékekét. It leads to a single, wide oval housing 51 defining the sides and tops of the spinning chamber. The other parts of the equipment are as shown in Figure 1. THE ? for example, the web may be 2-6 meters (often about 4 meters) wide.

Referring to Figure 2, the dripping device used to feed the melt to the spinner 1, 3 or 2 is shown in Figure 2, in which the shaded slot is viewed as a flow of the melt.

The tumbler comprises a? -Shaped tumbler 20 having a base 22 or an arm that extends forwardly to the discharger 2.3, which discharges the melt into the spinner 3. It has portions 25 and 26 of lateral arms extending transversely from point 27 where melt 28 flows into the trough. Side arm 25 guides the cooker portion 21 to drain the melt to cooker 1 and arm 26 to the cooker portion 22 to drain the melt to the spinner 2,

The plate 29 bridges the mandrel 27 and defines the lowest aperture 30 through which the melt can flow along lake 22 and is rigidly secured to arms 25 and 26 as well as to the mandrel 22 as a T-shaped device. , a single, rigid assembly of the base of the arm and the arm flap, and the 29 discs.

The entire drainage device is mounted on a substantially horizontal shaft shown by line 31 with bearings 32 on a fixed housing. The bearings 32 are connected by rods 33 attached to the plate 29 at a bearing 32 and movable (to oscillate about the axis 31) by a control piston 35 * * * * * »« * V V ♦ + * «« « · «* ♦ * * ♦ ** *». * Hen, which is fixed to 36 phys points. Accordingly, the protrusion or retraction of the piston 35 rotates the tapping device about the horizontal axis 31.

Another control piston 37 is connected by the bearing 38 to the plate 29 and a rotary arm 39 to the rod 33. Therefore, the piston 37 is cranking. or retraction will cause the osteogra apparatus to oscillate with the axis shown by line 40, which is substantially horizontal and substantially perpendicular to the axis 31.

Accordingly, the control pistons 35 and 37 independently control the vertical position of the mandrel 24 and the open ends of the arms 35 and 26, thereby allowing the melt flow rate at each of the discharge points 31, 22 and 23 to be independent of each other. regulation.

The following examples illustrate the process using the apparatus of the present invention.

In each of the following examples, the apparatus consisted of three mascot spinners, each of which had four adjacent rotors on which the melt flow could be independently controlled, as described with reference to the drawings.

Each of the rotors was interchangeable, their relative spaces and their acceleration fields were adjustable by varying the diameter and / or rotational speed. The size of the first rotor is 100-250 mm in each case, the size of the second rotor is 250-300 mm. the third and fourth rotors having a size of 250-40-0 mm. The three, side by side &

* ♦ * »* 4 4» »ψ XX Φ Χ« X ♦ * * «X Φ ♦ * * Φ ΦΦΤΧ» φ

X * ♦ * * Φ * X ** ** XX ΧΦΦ Φ Φ on £ £ £ volt volt prim prim prim prim each had a primary air flow and · the fibers were transported forward and collected in a 2.5 or 4 meter wide spinning chamber.

The rotors and the rotational velocity of the falls were selected on beds to provide 4 different acceleration fields, designated below as modes A, B, C and D.

The mode, Mode B, ü mode. Mode D, Ι ··> Κ.Πι / S vhC km / sec Zrr: / <s A p Km / sec ; .ο ΐ ς: A, Ό ό ”Ο 27 40 69 C 120 m á s o d i k r o t o r 40 ...... "Γ - 229  ΐ VeiX.iXUu.CíX K X (.ί X-O £ ' 30 129 Λ. '' J U 320 | | _four "tik rcto. 95 - <\ -g .t. -w 3 5 0

In each of the following examples, the results are tabulated. The melt flow is the amount fed to the first rotor of each spinner in tonnes per hour. Primary air is the air that flows out of the gaps directly adjacent to each rotor circumference, and the second air stream is that which flows elsewhere, not directly from the gaps located adjacent to the rotors.

The slits adjacent to the circumference of the fourth rotor are provided with a stator consisting of blades disposed at different angles as described in WO 92/06047. THE

Values for db are values for DS angles in Figure 1 of WO 92/06047, while values for SF are * * »* · * '* ♦ φφ * * Φ χ * <χ * * * Φ Φ ♦ φ Φ φ «Φ Φ ** φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ az az az az az φ φ az az az az φ az az az az φ az az az az az az az az az az φ az az az az az az az az az az az az az az az az az φ az However, it may be advantageous to use the same variation around the third rotor. too.

Burning loss is usually determined by combustion.

Example 1

The fcnb devices are configured relative to each other so that the following parameters are met.

-------------------------- No. 1 Issue 3 Issue 2 i spinner rönökészülék digester i melt 3.5 t / h 5 vol / hr 3.5 t / air i melt temperature AIBO főzihc 1500-1520 ° C isoo-ioiohi • ί g y o r sn 1 asz me z ö Ά rsod c [p 6 d ÜO, w », - ·. ·· <: 8: x ^ ·;! aw'v. i; • r -------------- - ¹ :! primary air speed stone km./se el ' 120km / sao ^ 30km / sec / primary air volume 5500 m'Rack 7500 rk / hr 5500 mph Secondary air 20Q0 person / h 5000 mph 2000 κη / hr quantity star o r angles DE 0-13 ⁿ DE 0-24 ° DE 0-15 ° EF 13-27 " EF 24-42 ° EF 13-27 ° health and health ser 1.3% O 0 & λ. / λ »·>

This product is an optimum low density product with good compression and insulating properties, iambda

Grade 0, density 23 kg / 'm ³ .

Example 2

In this example, the parameters were set as follows:

This product is a heavy-duty thermos with pressure resistant ♦ · ** ♦ on both sides. Φ *> Χ * ΐ »* *. ♦ * χ« * ♦ ♦ * *. ♦ * · »· · φ * Φ ♦ * Φ« χ * »* ΦΦ **« «* - Φφ

Example 3

The equipment is set up as follows.

This product is a heavy surface pressure product with a flexible side. however, it can absorb irregularities in the surface on which the product must be mounted, such as a ceiling tile. By selecting parameters 1, a systematic unequal distribution of the yarns in the coat is achieved and results in a distribution in the final product that is higher in density than the rest of the product. help so that the maximum amount of binder • »« «X X F F F X F F F F X F X X,,,,», »

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Φ ΦΦ ΦΦ * »» «« első legyen a a f (tartalmazó ((((((((((((((((((a a * a * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Φ

Additional variations are available if desired. in thickness, for example in terms of density and strength, by subjecting the product to standard treatments,

The spinner conditions are adjusted so that the maximum flow rate of the melt on the center spinner and the highest velocity of the spinner, as well as the amount of primary air are also applied to the middle towing device.

1st, s z stream ionókőszülék 1. s floods spinner XX / X j clvadékoramiás 2.5 t / h ? r / hr bow melt temperature ISöő-l120tü 1500-1520® û '· * 1:> 2v u 0 fast swimming The mode Mode C Ei mo title $ primary air speed 80: xm / sec 120 kin / se® 80 te / sse ² || 1primer air how much S5-0Ö sú / dr a 7500 A / h 5500 zr / ora | secondary air 3,000 4000 ze / Hour

steter angles of quantity uh 0-18 '

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Claims (2)

PATENT CLAIMS 1, Apparatus for forming an artificial glass fiber coat comprising first, third and second µs, 3, 2; centrifugal fonds, arranged side by side in the form of iron, a (2-0) rigid dripping device for receiving the melt at a feed point (2S) and a first, third and second space perfection of the melt (21, 23, 22); 3, 2) for feeding to the first, third, or second spinner, wherein the spout has a first second spout (25, 26) extending generally in the opposite direction, toward the first and second spools, away from the receiving site; a third arm (24) generally facing away from the third anchorage, and means for circumferentially pivoting the tapping device on a substantially horizontal axis, generally extending transversely and tilting about a substantially horizontal axis, generally extending along the first , second and third place for each the flow rate of the melt can be controlled independently of the flow rate of the melt by independent dripping of the ducts. " Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gutter has a substantially T-shape, wherein the base of the T extends forward and the tumbler is mounted to oscillate about a substantially horizontal axis substantially parallel to the base of T and to an independent oscillation about a substantially horizontal axis such that substantially péekyeeeseee- the T root <en <gé- «c» The agent shall: