HU216425B - Rubber-based sheet for forming traffic surface and process therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a gate-based main body (222) for generating a mainstream surface, in particular a track gauge on a track. The core bodies (222) are loaded with hard material particles (227) into the boundary layer layer of at least one of the main-headed perimeter of the main body, thereby improving the adhesion needle gaps for the vehicle bulbs and improving the slip pinion. Fingerprint (222) on the surface (232a) loaded by my main head (232a) has heat rafts (232), and the stiffness of the hard material particles (227) at these subwoofers (232) is smaller than that of my main head (232a) outside the thermo (232) surfaces (263). ŕ

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a rubber-based molded body for forming a traffic surface and to a process for producing it. The molded body according to the invention is used to create a traffic surface, in particular a track-level passage on a track. On the track grid and / or on the bedding material, there is a cover directly or indirectly consisting of horizontally adjacent rubber-based moldings. These moldings have a bounding layer containing hard particles in at least one of their traffic-loaded surfaces.

French Patent No. 2418 299 describes a solution which has harder particles on the surface of a rubber-based element. Only the particle protruding from the flat surface of the elements is described herein. This solution is not sufficient for an improved non-slip solution.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to further improve the adhesive and non-slip properties of the above-described moldings compared to the prior art.

According to the invention, this object is solved by having recesses in the molded surface of the molded body, and the concentration of hard particles in these recesses is lower than in the non-recessed molded surfaces of the load bearing surface.

By limiting the hard material particles to substantially non-recessed surface areas of the traffic-loaded surface, adhesion and slip resistance behavior can be further improved for a given amount of hard material particles.

The recesses can be formed, for example, as grooves. These grooves can also perform drainage functions. This drainage function can be significantly improved by the absence of hard particles that cause roughness at the grooves.

For the drainage function of the grooves, the grooves preferably extend to the edges of the molded body.

The grooves may be substantially straight on the traffic-loaded surface. In a preferred embodiment of the molded body according to the invention there are a plurality, preferably two groups of grooves, each of which has parallel grooves. The grooves in each group intersect. In this way, diamond-shaped protruding surface portions are formed. If the diagonals of the diamond have different lengths, short or long diamond diagonals can be placed in any direction. This depends on the nature of the expected traffic. For example, if significant cycling is to be expected, it is advisable to position the long diagonals of the diamonds transversely to the general direction of traffic so as not to adversely affect the steering behavior of the bicycles.

The object of the process according to the invention is achieved by adding hard material particles to the curable mold mass to form at least one layer adjacent to the traffic-loaded surface, and then forming the said mass to form a layer close to the traffic-loaded surface, and after which the mold mass is cured. Preferably, a lower die face is used which has a vertically upwardly facing bottom face. There are upward projections on this bottom surface. Hard material particles are sprayed onto the bottom surface such that these hard material particles accumulate on the bottom surface substantially between the projections. Then, a curable mold mass is applied to the lower mold half and the mold mass is cured.

The concentration of the hard material particles on the raised surface areas of the traffic-laden surface can be further increased by providing the lower mold half with shaking motion such that the hard material particles accumulate predominantly outside the projections.

Preferably, in the process of spraying hard particles into the bottom of a lower die, a binder layer is first applied to the bottom of the die, above the injected hard particles. A mixture of binders and particulate filler is applied to this binder layer and this binder is cured simultaneously with the binder layer binder. The mold mass in the lower mold half can then be pressurized by placing an upper mold half.

Preferably, the binder used is a vulcanizable crude rubber or a thermoplastic binder, in particular a polyolefin based binder, as a binder. Particulate filler - due to its inexpensive availability - comes back to vulcanized waste rubber, which can be produced in bulk by crushing car tires.

Preferably, the hard particles are provided with a release liner prior to being sprayed onto the bottom of the lower mold half.

The load-bearing surface of the mold is preferably subjected, after curing the curable mold mass, to a roughening treatment to expose the tips and edges of as many solid particles as possible, so that the mold can be optimally utilized immediately after its insertion into the transport surface. anti-slip properties. For example, a wire brush, especially a rotary wire brush, may be used for the roughening treatment.

Advantageously, the roughening treatment can be made easier and more effective by introducing a curing aid into this surface before hardening the traffic-loaded surface of the mold. This hardening aid has a lower adhesion to hard particles and hardened mold mass than to hard particles to a hardened mold mass. This hardening aid is at least partially removed, if desired, after the hardening of the mold mass. However, the application of the curing agent is also advantageous

If no targeted roughening treatment is performed at all. It turns out that by incorporating a roughening agent into the traffic-laden surface of the molds, the desired roughening can be generated very quickly by the traffic itself. It is only advisable to carry out a targeted roughening treatment before or immediately after the moldings have been installed if a particularly uniform and intense surface roughness is required immediately after the moldings have been installed.

In a process based on spraying hard particles into the bottom of a lower die, the curing agent is preferably applied to the lower die in front of, or simultaneously with, the solid particles.

It has been found that solid particles have significant advantages over spikes in track passages, since the height of the solid particles from a given surface of the molds is better adapted to the prevailing wear condition and remains approximately the same throughout the lifetime as a statistical mean. As a result, the adhesion and non-slip properties remain the same throughout the lifetime of the level crossing. A further advantage is that if there is pedestrian traffic at the level crossing, the risk of tripping and tripping is reduced compared to structures with spikes.

For optimum adhesion and non-slip properties, the hard material particles are preferably free and / or protruding from the traffic-laden surface when in new condition, or at least after a short period of use.

Preferably, the solid particles are, for example, corundum particles and / or metal carbide particles and / or metal nitride particles and / or metal oxide particles.

In addition, with respect to the material properties of the hard particles, reference is made in addition to the discussion in related documents such as WO 89/066670 and DD 235224 A5.

Preferably, the hard particles are coated with an organic adhesive transfer layer, in particular a resin adhesive layer. The need for such an adhesion transfer layer depends on whether or not there is sufficient adhesion between the hard particles and the basic components of the molds.

The size of the hard material particles is preferably between about 0.5 mm and about 4 mm. The dimensions given here are based on measurements with a suitable mesh size.

In principle, any known adhesive having a high adhesion to both hard particles and molded materials can be used as a bonding agent for hard particles. Suitable adhesives include solvent adhesives and water soluble adhesives. A special condition is that the adhesive curing agents, on the one hand, cure quickly enough to avoid sticking of handling, dosing and handling equipment limited to their processing, and, on the other hand, to have sufficient adhesive properties upon final contact with the molded material.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a mixture of at least partially vulcanized waste rubber pieces and a binder is introduced into the lower mold as a curable mold mass.

Prior to introducing the mixture of vulcanized waste rubber pieces and binder to the bottom mold surface at least to the bottom surface, a binder substantially free of waste rubber pieces is preferably applied to improve at least the durability of the traffic-loaded surface, their adhesion to hard particles.

Further, it is also possible to substantially cover the lower mold half with a binder layer that is substantially free of waste rubber pieces prior to the introduction of the mixture of waste rubber pieces and binder.

If the entire surface of the mold is to be coated, after the waste rubber pieces and binder mixture have been introduced into the lower die side covered with the binder layer, a binder layer that is essentially waste rubber is applied to the upper free side of the waste rubber pieces and binder applied mixture.

Advantageously, binders which can be cured by vulcanization are preferably used, but also thermoplastic masses.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The drawings illustrate the known solutions and the invention. Some preliminary remarks on the figures are needed:

1 through 12. Figures 1 to 4 correspond to the contents of German Patent Application No. P 42 29 289.1-25, 02.09.1992. European Patent Application Serial No. 93 114097.4, filed September 2, 1993, which already claimed the priority of the present application, already claimed the priority of German Patent Application No. P 4229289.1-25, issued September 2, 1992. In so far as European Patent Application Serial No. 93 114097.4 of February 2, 1993, which establishes the priority of the present application, is identical to German Patent Application No. P 42 29289.1-25 of September 2, 1992, the priority of the present application may be dated 02.09.1993,

European Patent Application Serial No. 93114097.4, in so far as

European Patent Application 93114097.4 is not a first deposit. On the other hand, German Patent Application P 4229289.1-25 was published on 10.03.1994 as German Patent Publication No. 42 29289 A1.

European Patent Application 93114097.4 discloses an additional claim over German Patent Application P 4229289.1-25, which is shown in Figures 13-18. and the description and claims of these figures. This surplus was first disclosed on 02.09.1993 in European Patent Application No. 93114097.4. For this a

Therefore, the priority of European Patent Application No. 93 114097.4 cannot be claimed in this patent application.

Thus, the present application claims 1-12. 1 to 4 and the parts of these figures which are incorporated herein are representative of the present state. This current state is shown in Figures 1-12. 1 to 8, and parts of these figures which are incorporated herein throughout, are intended to provide a clear description of the technological background of the invention.

The actual invention is only illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4 and is described with reference to those parts of the description which are related to these figures. In this regard, it should be noted that Articles 1 to 12. The compositions and process technology of Figure 13-18. 1 to 4 are also applicable to the working method of the invention illustrated in FIGS. This applies in particular to the complete liner of the tool shown in Figures 10 and 11.

Reference should also be made to the following: Figure 9 - already contained in German Patent Application No. P 42 29 289.1 -25 and published as part of this patent application on 03.03.1994 - shows a diamond pattern 132. Here, the hard particles 127 are depicted substantially on the raised surface portions. However, this depiction was obviously chosen only for technical reasons of drawing. 10 and 11, and Fig. 12, there should in fact be no difference between the solid particles in the protruding parts and the solid particles in the grooves forming the rhomboid pattern, since in both processes its surface is sprinkled with hard particles, so that after the grooves are formed, such particles are present in both the resulting surface areas and the grooves.

So that's one of the figures

1-12. FIG

13-18. Figures 1 to 5 illustrate the essential process features and product features of the invention.

In detail, it is one of the figures

Figure 1 is a first embodiment of a level crossing, a

Figure 2 is a plan view of the level crossing of Figure 1, a

Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along lines III-III of Figure 2 showing the insertion of the middle panels between two rails;

Figure 4 is a sectional view similar to Figure 3 after completion of the connecting road sections

Fig. 5 is a view of the joint between longitudinal slabs of the rails, a

Figure 6 is a sectional view of a sheet with a cover layer; Figure 6A is an enlarged detail of Figure 6, a

FIG

Figure 8 is a second embodiment of a level crossing, a

Figure 9 is a sectional view taken along line IX-IX in Figure 8, a

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of an installation for producing molded bodies, a

Figure 11 is a sectional view of a vulcanizing tool for producing molded bodies, a

Figure 12 is an installation for producing molded bodies without thermoplastic material comprising a thermoplastic binder;

the above figures represent known solutions, and again reference is made to the above note in connection with the representation of figure 9; the

13-16. FIG

15a. Figure 15 is a detail of Figure 15;

FIG. FIG

Figure 18 is a schematic of a roughening treatment.

Figure 1 shows two railway tracks 10 of a track.

These rail rails 10 are secured to the sleepers 14 by means of a clamping device 12. The sleepers 14 are laid in a bed 16 which would be compressed by cramping. The rail rails 10 and the sleepers 14 form a track grid. The material of the bedding 16 is approximately flush with the upper surface of the sleepers 14.

On each side of each of the 10 rail tracks, so-called track sections are placed on the sleepers. Each of the 18 rail sections has 20 recesses at each end. The half-recesses 20 are sized such that there is space for two clamping devices 12 between two half-recesses 20 of two successive track pieces 18. Between the two rail rails 10, the middle plates 22 rest on the rail sections 18. These intermediate plates 22 have a substantially T-shaped cross-section formed by a transverse shank 22a and a central shank 22b. The center legs 22b are located between the rail sections 18 and have a chamfer 22c so that the center legs 22b can be easily pushed between opposing rail sections 18. The longitudinal edges of the transverse shank 22a at point 22d are chamfered or notched so that projections 22e are formed which, when supported on the rail sections 18, extend below the rail heads 10a. At least on the inner sides of the rails, free spaces 24 are provided for the track flanges (not shown) of the rail heater wheels. One end face 22f of the center plates 22 has grooves 22g while the opposite end face 22h has complementary ribs 22i, as shown in more detail in FIG. The middle legs 22b rest on the bed material.

The intermediate plates 22 are laid by first inserting the projections 22e on one longitudinal side under the respective rail heads 10a and then tensioning the projections 22e on the other longitudinal side under the respective rail heads 10a as shown in Figure 3. After completion of this tensioning, the intermediate plates 22 are moved to the position shown in Figure 4. At this point, successive inserts 22 may be pushed along the longitudinal direction of the rail so that the ribs 22i of one of the inserts 22 penetrate into the grooves 22g of the next insert. In this way, it is practically free of gaps and more

An end-to-end connection is established between successive intermediate plates 22. The intermediate plates are then substantially free of pressure between the two rails, but are secured by the rail heads 10a against rising from the rail grid. The lower sides of the intermediate plates 22 lie on the sleepers 14 and on the material of the bearing 16. The successive inserts 22 may be combined with tie rods placed on the underside of the inserts 22 on the sleepers 14. A support is attached to one end of these tie rods and a force device is attached to the other end, so that the middle plates 22 can be pressed against each other in the longitudinal direction of the rail tracks 10 by actuating the force device.

In addition, external panels 28 are provided which also have protrusions 28e extending below the rail heads 10a. The outer panels 28 are substantially L-shaped and have a horizontal shaft 28a for the rail sections 18 and a vertical shaft 28b for the base 14 and the bed material 16. One end face 28f of the outer faces 28 also has grooves 28g and corresponding ridges 28i at the opposite end face 28h (see Figure 2), so that the outer faces can be pushed in the same way as the middle faces.

To facilitate assembly, the top sides of the rail sections 18 are slippery with lubricating soap prior to the insertion of the middle panels 22 and outer panels 28.

The outer plates 28 are held in position by the connecting track bodies 30 as shown in FIG.

Figure 5 shows a joint between successive intermediate panels 22 and outer panels 28.

Figures 1 and 5 show that the vehicle-facing upper surfaces of the intermediate panels 22 and outer panels 28 are provided with a diamond-shaped profile 32.

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a middle panel 22 formed approximately along lines III-III in Fig. 2. This middle panel 22 comprises a core portion 22x and a cover layer 22y. The 22x core is made of particulate waste rubber. The particles are interconnected by a vulcanised rubber material. The cover layer 22y is also made of vulcanized rubber. The cover layer 22y is cured with the core portion 22x.

Figure 1 shows that solid particles 27 are embedded in the traffic-loaded surfaces of the outer panels 28 and the intermediate panels 22. These solid particles are distributed over smaller areas in the figure only for better representation, whereas in reality, the solid particles are distributed over the entire traffic-laden surface.

Figures 3 and 4 again show the solid particles 27, but the scale is distorted here. In reality, the hard particles 27 are much smaller. The size of the solid particles will be discussed later.

As shown in Figure 6, the hard material particles 27 are exclusively contained in the traffic-loaded cover layer 22y. 6a. Fig. 2A is an enlarged view of the traffic-loaded cover layer 22y and an enlarged view of the hard particles 27. These hard particles 27 are provided with a bonding layer 27a which improves the adhesion of the hard particles 27 to the

22y cover. Figure 7 also shows the solid particles 27.

The middle panel of Figure 6 may be made substantially as described with reference to Figures 10 and 11.

In a mixer 38 provided with a heater 36, such as a screw mixer, a dispenser 40 feeds particulate waste rubber obtained by shredding tire casing waste. In the particle-size rubber particle size spectrum, the maximum linear size of the largest particles is about 7 mm. At the same time as the particulate waste rubber, an additional dispenser 42 feeds a vulcanizable raw material, for example in the form of granules. Vulcanizers such as sulfur and processing aids have already been added to the raw rubber material. Alternatively, the vulcanizers and processing aids may be added separately to the mixer. The temperature of the mixture obtained in the mixer is already sufficient to allow vulcanization to occur at a suitable pressure later. This hot mixture is continuously fed to an insulating container 44 which may be provided with a heater 46. In the insulating container 44, the temperature of the mixture is maintained or even increased. As soon as a sufficient amount of mixture has accumulated in the insulating container 44 to form the intermediate plates, the contents of the insulating container 44 are transferred to a tool 48, for example by tilting the insulating container 44.

All. Figure 48 is a detailed view of the tool 48. The tool 48 consists of the lower half 48a and the upper half 48b. Prior to the introduction of the mixture 50, the lower mold half 48a is coated with a layer 52 of vulcanizable raw rubber. This vulcanizable raw rubber already contains the necessary vulcanizers and processing aids. The material of the layer, for example, has a plastic-like consistency so that it can be easily applied to the inner walls of the lower die side 48a. The trough formed by the material of the layer 52 is then filled with the mixture 50 from the insulating container 44 and a further layer 54 of vulcanizable raw rubber is applied to the mixture 50. The layer 54 is tightly bonded to the layer 52, optionally by overlapping, for example by folding the upper edges of the layer 52 onto the layer 54.

Next, a distributor 55 having a screen base 55a is positioned over the lower tool half 48a. Into this dispenser 55 is placed solid particles 27. The solid particles are introduced from the mixing tank 59 through the feed line 59a. Two feeding tubes 59b and 59c are introduced into the mixing vessel 59. Through the feeding tube 59b, solid particles 27 are introduced into the mixing vessel 59. Liquid form adhesive delivery medium is introduced through feed tube 59c. The mixing vessel 59 comprises a mixing device 59d which mixes the hard material particles with the adhesive mediator so that an adhesive mediator layer 27a is formed on the surface of the hard material particles as shown in FIG. is shown. The hard material particles coated on the surface with adhesive transfer agent are then introduced through the dispensing line 59a into the distributor 55, which is

It is shaken in the direction of the arrow so that the hard particles 27 fall through the bottom 55a to the layer 54. The adhesive mediating layer 27a of the hard particles 27 from the mixing tank 59 to the distributor 55 may harden so much that no adhesion occurs on the distributor 55 and the bottom 55a, but the adhesive is still sufficient to adhere to the ductile layer 54. In this way, a layer 27d of hard material particles is formed on layer 54.

Subsequently, an infrared emitter 61 is placed over the lower mold half 48a, which heats the layer 27d and the layer 54 so that the hard particles 27 adhere to the layer 54 more intensely.

At a further station, an embossing cylinder 63 is positioned over the lower half 48a. This roller partially pushes layer 27d of hard material particles 27 into layer 54. At this time, most of the hard particles 27 bond to the layer 54. However, the remainder remains free on the bound hard particles 27. In a further station, a sweeping roller 65 is then passed over the lower half of the tool 48a to recover this residue and to prevent it from being dispersed in the environment as it is transported to the installation site. This sweeping roll 65 passes over the layer 27d in the direction of arrow 65a, sweeps free or slightly adhering solid particles, and delivers it in a particle beam 65b to a collecting container (not shown).

Then, the upper tool half 48b is clamped to the lower tool half 48a. The lower tool half 48a is provided with a heater 56. Further heating devices 58 are provided in the upper die side 48b. The die 48 is then vulcanized with both the crude rubber portion of the mixture 50 and the layers 52 and 54. In this process, the heat introduced into the lower die half 48a is available for vulcanizing the mixture 50, while the vulcanization heat for the layers 52 and 54 is transferred from the heater 56 and 58 to the boundary walls of the die cavity. Vulcanization of the mixture 50 results in a vulcanization crude rubber matrix into which the previously vulcanized waste rubber particles are individually or collectively encapsulated. Layers 52 and 54 also vulcanize and, by vulcanization, form a solid bond with the mixture. In this way, the mixture 50 forms the core portion 22x of Figure 6 and the blank rubber layers 52 and 54 form the cover layer 22y of Figure 6.

During vulcanization, the hard particles 27 will vulcanize into the layer 54, and, if this has not yet occurred, the adhesive delivery layers 27a may cure and be strongly chemically or physically bonded to both the hard particles 27 and 54.

After completion of the vulcanization process, the mold body can be removed from the die 48 and cooled. The body is now ready for use.

Figures 8 and 9 show a further embodiment of the level crossing. In this embodiment, the intermediate sheets 122 have a sheet thickness less than that of Figs. 2A. The middle panels 122 rest on the longitudinal beams 162 laid on the sleepers 114. The outer panels 128 also lie on longitudinal beams 162. Traffic-facing surfaces of the intermediate panels 122 are provided with a diamond pattern 132.

Again, the end faces 122f are provided with grooves 122g which correspond to ribs on opposite end surfaces not shown. The middle panels 122 and outer panels 128 are connected to the rail rails 110 in the same manner as in FIG. Here, the rails also have rail sections 118 which are similar or identical to the rail sections 18 of Figure 1. The middle panels 122 and the outer panels 128 are formed by centering strips 122z and 128z, respectively, which rest on the rail sections 118. Intermediate panels 122 and outer panels 128 are formed with longitudinal grooves 1221 and 1281, respectively, which relieve heat during expansion and further facilitate the insertion of the intermediate panels 122 by the method of Figure 3. The middle panels 122, and likewise the underside 128, may have recesses 164 on the underside thereof, resulting in weight reduction.

8 and 9 are cheaper to produce than the embodiment of FIGS. 1-7. 3b, since the intermediate panels 122 and outer panels 128 require less material. The material requirement of the longitudinal beams 162 is less than that of the thicker sheets. The embodiment according to Figures 8 and 9 is particularly suitable for level crossings used only by pedestrians and light vehicles.

The recesses 164 of Figure 9 are shown in Figures 1-7. can also be used in sheets.

The middle panels 122 and outer panels 128 of Figures 8 and 9 are made of particulate waste rubber. In the particle-size rubber particle size spectrum, the maximum linear size of the largest particles is in the order of 1 ... 2 mm. These particles are bound in a thermoplastic binder mass. There is no need for a cover layer here. Here, the small size of the particles ensures that essentially closed surfaces are obtained. Waste rubber particles that may pass through the surface improve the surface structure by reducing the sliding strength.

Figure 9 shows that solid particles 127 are embedded in the traffic-laden surface 122u. Therefore, the profiling shown in Figure 9 can be omitted under certain circumstances, and adhesion to the tires of a vehicle traveling on a traffic-laden surface is only produced by the solid particles 127.

The outer panels 128 may be formed in exactly the same way as the central panels 122 of FIG. The construction of the intermediate panels 122 and outer panels 128 is schematically illustrated in FIG.

Figure 12 shows a tear device 168 in which a thermoplastic waste film is processed during heating. The tear foil particles have a maximum linear expansion of about 15 mm. The torn material is heated by the mechanical energy of the tearing process. Warmed up, t6

The spill material passes through the feed tube 170 to the screw mixer 172, which may also be provided with a heater 174. An additional 176 feed tubes provide particulate vulcanized waste rubber to the auger.

172 mixer. In the particle spectrum of the vulcanized waste rubber, the largest particle occurring has a linear dimension of about 1 to 2 mm. The mixing ratio of the thermoplastic waste film and the vulcanized waste rubber particles is about 50:50 (w / w). The thermoplastic waste film is, for example, polyethylene. The temperature reached in the screw mixer 172 exceeds the thermal softening point of the thermoplastic material. The mixed material flows from the screw mixer 172 into an insulating container 178 which can be provided with a heater 180. If there is sufficient material in the insulating container 178 to fill, for example, a tool for making an intermediate plate 122, the mixed material is poured into the lower mold half 182a and pre-pressed with the upper mold half 182b.

As a result, the S level of the mixed material in the lower die half 182a drops below the upper die edge of the lower die half 182a. Then another screw

From the mixer 173, possibly through an additional intermediate storage container, further mixed material may be introduced into the lower mold half 182a so that the lower mold half 182a is again approximately full. The blended material prepared in the further screw mixer 173 preferably comprises the same basic ingredients as the blended material prepared in the screw screw mixer 172, i.e. in particular polyethylene and shredded rubber, in the above blending ratio and with the aforementioned particle size of the waste rubber. However, in addition to the torn polyethylene and waste rubber material, a hard material is introduced into the screw mixer 173, which may also be pre-coated with a release liner. The feed pipe 173a serves for the introduction of torn polyethylene, the feed pipe 173b for the introduction of waste rubber material and the feed pipe 173c for the introduction of hard particles. The screw mixer 173 processes these three components into a mixture, which is then fed to the lower die 182a. When the mixed material already in the lower die and the additional mixed material introduced from the screw mixer 173 meet, both portions are still in a state that they are strongly bonded to each other during subsequent extrusion.

When the mixed material is loaded, the temperature of the lower mold half 182a is slightly below the softening point of the thermoplastic film material. Compression of the mixed material, which was first heated above the thermal softening point, results in the formation of a thermoplastic matrix in which the rubber particles of the vulcanized waste are individually or collectively encapsulated. The temperature of the lower mold half 182a and the upper mold half 182b slightly below the softening point prevents sudden cooling. The lower mold half 182a and the upper mold half 182b then slowly cool. As soon as the mixed material has cooled down enough to form a stable mold, it is removed from the mold and further cooled. The cooled formwork is ready for application in a track-level gateway.

The process of Figure 12 is particularly suitable for producing the intermediate panels 122 and outer panels 128 of Figure 8.

In principle, however, the middle panels 22 and outer panels 28 of Figure 1 can be made by the method of Figure 12. The middle panels 22 and outer panels 28 of Figure 1 are preferably formed by the method of Figure 10 and 11. Conversely, the middle panels 22 and outer panels 28 of Figure 1 may be formed by the method of Figure 12.

The method of Fig. 12 can also be used to make the rail sections 18 of Fig. 1. In this case, the mixing of the hard particles 127 may be omitted. In this case, the two-stage filling of the lower tool half 182a may be replaced by a single-stage filling.

12, the solid particles 127 are embedded in the upper L-layer. The thickness of this layer is dimensioned such that, during operation, the surface exposed to traffic is exposed to a solid material as long as the molded body can be used at all. In this embodiment, the bonding of the hard material through the production process is particularly intense. However, it is still possible to use a bonding agent which adheres well to the particular hard material and adheres well to the thermoplastic binder.

In both embodiments, the solid may be, for example, corundum particles and / or metal carbide particles and / or metal nitride particles and / or metal oxide particles.

The solid is preferably corundum.

If a tackifier is used, it will depend on the material properties of the hard material particles on the one hand and the material properties of the binder on the other hand. In many cases, conventional solvent-based adhesives are suitable. When combining corundum hard particles and vulcanized raw rubber, a bonding agent such as Henkel KG a. Chemosil 211 of the same company as KHM 6/87 of the same company is used. A binder of the same type as Chemosil 220 is also suitable. Chemosil 220 is also a Henkel KG a. It is a product of company A and is described in KHM 6/87.

In all cases, care should be taken to ensure that the consistency of the adhesive allows both the adhesive to cure sufficiently quickly and thus prevent adhesion of the application and handling equipment, and to ensure that the adhesive still has sufficient adhesion to the final binder.

In Figures 13 et seq., Similar parts are illustrated in Figs

10 and 11 are denoted by the value increased by 200. Fig. 13 shows a lower mold half 248a having a structure similar to that of Fig. 10 and which may also be provided with a heat exchanger 256.

HU 216 425 Β

The bottom surface 248 of this lower die 248a is provided with raised ribs 251. The ribs cross each other to form a diamond pattern. This diamond pattern is approximately complementary to the diamond pattern 132 on the travel surface of the molded body of Figure 9.

These ribs have a width b of about 6 mm and a height h of about 6 mm in a section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the ribs. As shown in Figure 17, the length of the large diagonals d1 is about 30 to about 50 mm, preferably about 45 mm, and the length of the short diagonals d2 is about 15 to about 25 mm, preferably about 20 mm. These dimensions are for information only and can be varied within wide limits.

The manufacturing process is as follows: Into the heated lower die 248a, the dispenser 253 injects hard particles 227 which may be coated with an adhesive, such as the solvent solvents of Henkel mentioned above.

The adhesive medium then partially cures. The solid particles 227 thus coated are evenly distributed over the bottom surface 248 by the movement of the dispenser 253. At this point, the solid particles 227 are predominantly deposited between the ribs 251 by the shape of the ribs. We point out that a

As shown in Fig. 13, the cross-sections of the ribs 251 are curved upwardly rounded. This facilitates the concentration of the hard material particles on the diamond-shaped surface portions of the bottom surface 249 bounded by the ribs 251. Concentration on the diamond-shaped surface portions between the ribs can be further increased by the vibratory movement of the lower die side 248a. The particle size of the hard material particles after application of the adhesion transfer layer is between about 1 mm and about 3 mm. Here we have always measured the maximum linear extension. The hard particles 227 are sprayed on the bottom surface 249 in such an amount that the upper limit of the layer is below the top of the ribs 251.

14, a preformed rubber blanket 254 which is vulcanizable over the ribs 251 and over the hard particles is then applied to the bottom surface 249.

As shown in Figure 15, a blend of waste rubber chips and vulcanizable rubber material 257 is applied to this rubber blanket 254. Mixed material 257 comes from a mixing device similar to the mixing device 38 of FIG. The scraps of waste 257a are then - as shown in Figure 15a. As a result of the mixing process in the mixer, the vulcanizable raw rubber is already partially enclosed. The maximum linear dimension of the waste rubber pieces is about 7 mm. Here again, the waste rubber scraps are preferably obtained by shredding car tires. The temperature of the mixed material 257, when introduced into the lower die side 248a, is preferably adjusted to cause vulcanization of the crude rubber portion 257b when the pressure is applied.

Preferably, the composition and crosslinking degree of the crude rubber portion 257b in the mixed material 257 is the same as the composition and crosslinking degree of the vulcanizable crude rubber cover layer 254.

After filling the lower mold half 248a with mixed material to a desired height corresponding to the desired sheet thickness, as shown in Fig. 16, an upper mold half 248b is lowered into the lower mold half 248a and pressed against the stack of mixed material 257. By heating the lower die side 248a and / or the upper die side 248b, the temperature required for vulcanization can be corrected. While vulcanization of the crude rubber portion 257b of the mixed material 257 is substantially effected by the heat introduced into the mixer by the mixing of the scrap rubber chips and the crude rubber, the amount of heat required to vulcanize the crumb rubber cover layer 254 is primarily passed through the top die 248b. Then, vulcanization of the crude rubber portion 257b of the mixed material 257 and vulcanization of the crude rubber cover layer 254 occurs. The crude rubber portion of the mixed material together with the scrap rubber scraps forms an encapsulant which encapsulates the scrap rubber scraps 257a and engages with the blanket cover layer 254 so as to form a vulcanized blanket bonded to the matrix. Due to the pressure exerted by the upper die side 248b, a diamond pattern is depressed on the underside of the rubber blanket, as shown in Figure 17. At the same time, the hard material particles are squeezed and then vulcanized into the rubber blanket.

Figure 17 shows a molded body 222 used as an intermediate sheet, for example, the same as an intermediate sheet 22 of Figure 1. In FIG. 17, the upper side serving as the traffic surface, the surface 232a, corresponds to the surface of the raw rubber cover layer 254, as shown in FIG. On this upper side are shown the intersecting grooves 232 formed by pressing the ribs 251 into the blanket 254 of the rubber.

Figure 17 shows that the solid particles 227 are substantially confined to the diamond-shaped surface portions 263, while the grooves 232 are substantially free of solid particles since the ribs 251 are kept free of the solid particles 227 as described above. This is desirable: by keeping the grooves 232 free from the solid particles 227, the total density of the solid particles 227 increases the surface density of the diamond particles 227 on the diamond surfaces 263. In this way, the relatively small use of the hard material particles 227 results in a high concentration of the hard material particles where required to provide high sliding strength on the surface 232a, i.e. the diamond-shaped surface portions 263. A further advantage of keeping the solid particles 227 away from the grooves 232 is that the water flow capacity of the grooves 232 is improved, and thus a faster flow of water can be expected.

In the production of moldings 222 used as an intermediate sheet according to the process described above, 227 is hard

Particle particles penetrate into the vulcanization rubber blanket 254 and partially enclose the vulcanized rubber portion 227. Therefore, the peaks of the hard material particles are only partially located in or above the traffic-loaded surface 232a. This means that when you start using a 222 molded body, the friction of the wheel moving on the middle plate is not yet optimal. After a certain period of use, the rubber layer on the upper surface 232a of the intermediate sheet subjected to traffic will wear out and wear more than the hard particles 227. As a result, the peaks of additional solid particles 227 are released so that optimum frictional properties are obtained on the upper side of the intermediate body 222. This condition can be accepted, i.e. it should be considered that the surface roughness of the traffic-loaded upper surface 232a is not optimal at the time of use.

This can occur in particular when installation is expected during the dry season under particular climatic conditions and it is expected that until a wet weather period occurs, the upper surface 232a will have sufficient rubber abrasion to provide a sufficient amount of 227 hard the tip and the edge of the particle should become free.

However, it is also possible within the scope of the invention that the roughness of the traffic-loaded upper surface 232a already exists at the time of installation of the moldings or intermediate plates. Thus, the upper surface 232a may be subjected to a curing treatment after the vulcanization process, or possibly after a period of cure or cure.

A preferred way of carrying out the roughening treatment is shown in Figure 18. Here, it is seen that a center plate is moved in the direction of arrow 267 below a rotating steel wire brush roll 265. The steel wire tips 265 of the wire brush roller make the upper surface 232a rough. The diamond-shaped surface portions 263 have a greater deposition of the rubber particles so that more and more of the hard particles 227 are released without losing adhesion to the vulcanized covering. The adhesion between the hard material particles 227 and the vulcanized cover layer 254 is maintained, in particular, by the above-mentioned adhesion mediator.

In order to facilitate the roughening of the traffic-laden top surface with the steel wire brush roller 265 such that a minimal amount of hard material is lost from the traffic-laden top surface, the following steps may be applied: but not necessarily coarse 269 auxiliary materials 269 are sprayed together with the 227 solid particles coated with the adhesion mediator. This hardening excipient 269 may be mineral in nature, but it should be softer and therefore easier to apply by the wire brush roller 265 than the hard particles 227 and also easier to apply than the vulcanized rubber material of the vulcanized rubber cover layer 254. In particular, care must be taken to ensure that the adhesive of the hardening excipient 269 to the adhesive transfer material of the hard material particles 227 and the vulcanized rubber material of the vulcanized rubber cover layer 265 is less than the adhesive strength of the hard material particles 227. For example, curing aids may be defined as polymers having a relatively low adhesion to the adhesive transfer coating of the hard material particles and to the rubber material of the rubber cover layer 254. Then, during the roughening treatment of Figure 18, the steel wire roller 265 carries the hardening excipient 269 to a greater extent without adversely affecting the adhesive coated hard particles in the vulcanized rubber blanket 254, and without the hard particles would make it completely free. This process is conceivable by retaining rubber bridges between the hard material particles coated with the adhesive and the rubber material of the cover layer 254, but nevertheless, due to the application of the curing agent, the peaks and edges of the hard particles 227 towards the traffic-loaded upper surface 232a by dissolving some elements of the excipient, they release the roughness in a way that enhances roughness.

It has been shown that the loss of hard particles 227 in the coarse treatment of Figure 18 is lower than in the case of the coarse treatment without coarse aid; that roughening treatment improves the release of peaks, and that energy consumption and brush use are reduced by the use of roughing aids during roughing treatment as shown in Figure 18.

Where in the preceding description the term "curable mold paste" is used, it only means that the mold paste may be brought into a liquid or thick flowing plastic state for shaping and may be cured after shaping. Thus, in addition to the chemical pastes which are cured by chemical reaction, the thermosetting mold mass can also be cured, which can be molded by heating and then cured by cooling. Cured moldable masses are also rubber-based, vulcanizable moldable masses. The same applies to the binders discussed as to the mold masses.

Reference is made to DE-OS 4011 599 A1 for further details of the manufacture of track passageways, the molds used for them and the mold masses used to produce the moldings.

Claims (29)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. A rubber-based body for forming a traffic surface, in particular a track-level gateway on a track, with or without overlaying directly or indirectly on track material and / or bedding material consisting of adjacent rubber-based bodies having their traffic-bearing surfaces9. One of the following is a bounding layer comprising solid particles in a cured state, characterized in that the mold body (222) has recesses in the traffic-bearing surface (232a) and the concentration of the solid particles (227) in these recesses is lower than the traffic. of the surface (232a) of the surface (263). Rubber-based molded body according to claim 1, characterized in that the hard material particles (227) are free and / or protruding on the traffic-laden surface in a new state, or at least after a short period of use. A rubber-based mold body according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hard material particles (227) are, for example, corundum particles and / or metal carbide particles and / or metal nitride particles and / or metal oxide. particles. 4. Rubber-based molding according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hard material particles (227) are coated with an organic adhesive transfer layer (27a), in particular with a resin adhesive layer. 5. A rubber-based mold body according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the hard material particles (227) have an average size of about 0.5 to about 4 mm. 6. Rubber-based molding according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the traffic-loaded surface (232a), only the non-recessed surface portions (263) contain hard material particles (227). 7. Rubber-based molded body according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the recesses are grooves (232). Rubber-based molded body according to claim 7, characterized in that the grooves (232) extend to the periphery of the molded body (222). A rubber-based molded body according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the grooves (232) extend substantially in a straight line over the traffic-loaded surface (232a). 10. Rubber-based molded body according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that there are several, preferably two, grooves (232), the grooves (232) being parallel within each group and the grooves (232) of each group intersecting. A method of forming a body for a traffic surface, in particular for forming a level crossing, in particular the method of claim 1-10. A molded body according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein hardened particles (227) are added to the curable mold mass to form at least one layer adjacent to the traffic-loaded surface, and the mold mass is formed to form a layer close to the traffic-loaded surface, and curing the mold mass, characterized in that a lower die face (248a) is provided, which has a vertically upwardly facing bottom surface (249), and said bottom surface has upwardly projecting projections (251); spraying onto said bottom surface (249) hard particles (227) such that these solid particles (227) collect on the bottom surface (249) substantially between the projections (251) and then curing a moldable mass into the lower mold half (248a), and curing the mold mass. A process according to claim 11, characterized in that a binder is added to the solid particles (227), then mixed with a particulate filler, and then the binder is cured. 13. All. A process according to claim 12 or 12, wherein the particulate filler is a particulate vulcanized waste rubber. 14. A 11-13. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the binder is vulcanizable raw rubber. 15. A 11-13. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the binder is a thermoplastic binder, in particular a polyolefin-based thermoplastic binder. 16. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the lower tool half (248a) is subjected to a vibratory movement such that the hard material particles (227) collect primarily in the areas outside the projections (251). 17. 11-16. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a binder cover layer (254) is first applied to the bottom surface (249) of the lower tool half (248a) through the sprayed hard material particles and a mixture of binders and particulate filler is applied to this binder layer. and curing said binder simultaneously with the binder of the binder cover layer (254). 18. 11-17. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mold mass in the lower mold half (248a) is pressurized by introducing an upper mold half (248b) into the lower mold half (248a). 19. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the hard material particles (227) are provided with an adhesion-releasing layer prior to injection into the lower mold half (248a). 20. A 11-19. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the surface (232a) of the molded body (222) is subjected to roughening treatment after the hardening of the curable moldable mass. A method according to claim 20, characterized in that the curing treatment is carried out with at least one metal wire brush, in particular a rotating metal wire brush roller (265). 22. A 11-19. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that before hardening of the traffic-loaded surface (232a) of the mold body (222), a curing aid (269) is introduced into said surface having a adhesion to the hard material particles (227) and the adhesion of the hard material particles (227) to the cured mold mass and that If desired, the curing aid (269) is at least partially removed after curing of the mold mass. Method according to claim 22, characterized in that the hardening aid (269) is applied to the bottom surface (249) of a lower mold half (248a), which is applied simultaneously or after the hardening aid (269) and particles of matter (227) are also discussed. 24. A 11-23. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a mixture of at least partially vulcanized waste rubber particles and binder is introduced into the lower mold half (248a) as a curable mold mass. A method according to claim 24, characterized in that a layer of binder substantially free of waste rubber pieces is applied to the lower mold half (248a) prior to applying a mixture of scrap rubber pieces and binder to the bottom surface (249). A method according to claim 25, characterized in that the lower mold half (248a) is substantially completely covered with a layer of binder material substantially free of waste rubber pieces prior to the introduction of the mixture of waste rubber pieces and binder. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein, after introducing the mixture of waste rubber pieces and binder into the lower die side (248a) covered by the binder layers, the upper, free face of the waste mixture is formed of substantially rubber waste pieces. Apply an adhesive free layer. 28. A 25-27. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a crude rubber-based binder is used and is cured by vulcanization. 29. A 25-27. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the binder is a thermoplastic binder.