HU213463B - Method for agglomerating fossil materials having high carbonizing degree and mixtures thereof on environmental - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for cutting high-carbon fossil materials and mixtures, ambient temperatures that use urea-formaldehyde resin with a precisely set firing time as a binder for firing briquettes and a mineral oil derivative to achieve a water repellent effect. The binder and water repellent used according to the invention are completely ashy and their gaseous combustion products are only carbon dioxide and water, so they are completely environmentally friendly. Using this binder, the scraping technology itself becomes simpler and more energy efficient. EN 213 463 B Scope of the description: 5 pages (including 2 sheets)

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a process for the production of high-carbon fossil materials such as anthracite, black coal, lignite, lignite and mixtures thereof in any ratio, preferably firing briquettes at ambient temperature by maintaining the compression form of the urea provided by synthetic resin.

The following requirements shall apply to the binder for briquettes:

- make the briquette waterproof,

- have a low ash content,

- provide sufficient strength,

- be available in sufficient quantities,

- be cheap,

- no combustion of soot and no hazardous and corrosive combustion products are produced.

None of the binders used to date in the manufacture of briquettes have been able to fully meet the above contradictory requirements, whether organic or inorganic.

The use of different grades of bitumen and tar is the most widespread in briquette production, as they were the most suitable for meeting the requirements of briquettes and their binders.

The briquettes and the bitumen can be blended evenly as needed only by the introduction of considerable mechanical and thermal energy, which is used in the manufacturing process by the steam kneader, also known as the malaxeur.

Therefore, the briquette plant using conventional technology has a very high energy demand and thus the cost price of the product is high. In addition, bitumen burns strongly during combustion.

Also useful as organic binders are pine resin, naphthalene, flour and starch, molasses, sulphite lye and viscose, or combinations thereof. However, these materials are either not available in sufficient quantities or are expensive or produce products that are harmful to the environment when incinerated.

For these reasons, briquettes have recently appeared as binders for plastics, such as heat and / or catalyst curing binders.

U.S. Patent No. 4,615,712. In the specification, humic acids and their salts are recommended as thermosetting plastics for briquetting.

U.S. Patent No. 3,836,343. an aqueous suspension of a butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer,

- aDD 158914; and the equivalent in U.S. Patent No. 4,586,936. spray polyvinyl alcohol and cationic polyurethane,

- DD 250715; In this specification, cyclized polybutadiene is recommended as a binder for the production of briquettes.

Urea-formaldehyde resin is also known for the production of binder shaped flammable articles, such as those described in U.S. Patent No. 4,220,453. An aqueous suspension of urea formaldehyde resin is recommended as a binder for comminuted wood.

The urea formaldehyde resin itself is known for the production of solid ignitors, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,615,286, U.S. Pat. No. 3,801,292; and40403697 see descriptions.

U.S. Patent No. 4,437,862. In the specification, latex application is recommended, or cellulose nitrate spraying is proposed along with nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate binder.

HU 192621 describes a mixture of carboxymethylcellulose and water glass for hydrophobising briquettes.

The goal is to find binder and technology for briquette production that:

- the briquettes are of sufficient strength,

- the binder is available in the required amount,

- no harmful substances are released into the air during combustion,

- be cheap,

- reduce the energy consumption of briquette production and thus reduce the cost of production.

We have discovered that due to its high mass production and low cost compared to other plastics, high-carbon raw materials are the most suitable urea formaldehyde resin as the future binder for firing briquettes because:

- make the briquette sufficiently solid,

- can be produced in the required quantities,

- the low proportion of technology used and its ability to produce it from domestic materials make it cheap,

- requires a lower heat input compared to the conventional process, using a catalyst to produce its curing effect,

- its combustion produces carbon dioxide, water vapor and a small amount of NO _X , has no sooty effect,

- an additional advantage is that formic acid can be used as a bond accelerator which does not produce harmful pollutant components during combustion.

The use of urea-formaldehyde resin as a binder has the disadvantage that due to its free formaldehyde content, equilibrium formaldehyde emission is produced (a slight slight odor of formalin). However, this does not cause any disturbance to the fuel storage.

However, it has been found that the solidification of crosslinking plastics used as binders, such as urea formaldehyde resin, can be enhanced by ionizing electromagnetic radiation, electron, gamma or x-ray radiation, and even UV radiation of 30-400 nanometers.

Irradiation, as a technical option, was not accomplished to induce chemical reactions, except for the production of ethyl bromide, except for sulfochlorination and germination.

Ionizing radiation produces highly reactive radicals in the urea-formaldehyde resin which accelerate crosslinking.

The production of electron, gamma or X-rays is possible with very expensive equipment and, in addition, it is quite dangerous to use, and it is difficult to fully comply with the necessary occupational safety rules in industrial applications.

UV radiation of 30-400 nanometers wavelength

EN 213 463 Β is very simple to produce. Quartz lamp is possible and occupational safety regulations can be met by simple optical shading.

Under UV radiation, some of the oxygen in the air is converted to ozone, which accelerates curing.

Thus, if the briquette made with urea-formaldehyde resin as a binder is subjected to UV irradiation after pressing, the ionization radiation accelerates the cross-linking of the resin, thus using less binder and less binding accelerator than the conventional 12-15 wt.% Recipe. , and yet the briquette reaches the required (standard) strength, or with the same amount of binder and catalyst, the briquette strength can be increased, so it will better withstand loading and transport stresses.

The ozone produced by irradiation oxidizes formaldehyde released during crosslinking and converts it into a stable, chemically inert substance, thus not polluting the environment.

It has also been discovered that the use of organic calcium salts in the form of a solution known in the art can substantially reduce the sulfur content of the combustion products, derived from the carbon base.

According to the present invention, the formic acid used as a catalyst and optionally the dissolved Ca salt are pulverized onto a powdery set of high-carbon fossil materials which form the basis of the briquette. The formic acid and the resin are suitably sprayed onto the solid surface in a suitable manner, known per se, as droplets containing 20 micrometers in average diameter.

The raw material blended with the binder is molded in a manner known in the art for conventional briquetting technology.

After extrusion and UV irradiation, the briquette solidifies.

The UV irradiation time of 3 to 8 minutes required for the curing process is adjustable by the minute, due to the nature of the binder, allowing the process to be adapted to the conventional production line without being modified.

An embodiment of our process is illustrated in the example of Figure 1:

The resin pump 1 delivers the resin mass flow rate 2 to 150 to 500 kg / h (3 to 10 weight percent) to the nozzle 5. The catalyst pump 3 delivers an aqueous solution of catalyst 4 and organic Ca salt in an amount of 11.0-38.0 kg / h (0.2-0.8 wt%) to another nozzle head 5. These spray heads spray an aqueous solution of the catalyst and urea-formaldehyde resin into the mixer 7 at a rate of 5000 kg / h (100% by weight) of the briquette stock 6. The agitator ensures homogeneous distribution of the input materials through mechanical mixing and homogenization. The briquette press 8 cuts the materials in a manner known per se, from where it is transported on a conveyor made of sticks to the UV irradiation cabinet 9. Here, on the basis of an experimentally measured calibration chart, the binding briquettes are stored in the 10 places along the 10 routes, after a residence time of 3 to 8 minutes, 5151-5538 kg / h (103.2-111% by weight).

Figure 2 illustrates a possible embodiment of the acceleration of resin bonded briquettes by irradiation.

Here, the conveyor belt 11, which is composed of sticks, transports the stack of briquettes 12 in the indicated direction, while it is irradiated from all sides by the UV radiation sources 13.

The travel speed of the conveyor mat 11 can be varied to adjust the irradiation duration of the briquette set (3-8 minutes). Cross-linking and solidification of the binder begins and ends as described above. The release of UV radiation into the environment is prevented by the panel cover 14, which, however, creates an ozone-rich atmosphere inside the cover which oxidizes formaldehyde. The chemically stable, i.e., non-polluting, gases are discharged through the vented chimney 15. The briquette coming out of the irradiation cabinet has enough strength to withstand further technological movements without breaking or deformation.

Claims (3)

CLAIMS 1. A process for cutting high-carbon fossil materials and mixtures thereof, preferably firing coal briquettes at ambient temperature, the strength and form of which are provided by a urea-form aldehyde resin, characterized in that the powdered form of high-carbon fossil material is 0.8% by weight of the urea-formaldehyde resin solution is sprayed and homogenized, preferably by spraying, and the resulting catalyzed resin-coated powder is rapidly compressed and kneaded in a manner known per se. Strength enhancement is effected by electromagnetic ionizing radiation, preferably 30-400 nanometers of UV radiation. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the gaseous materials released during the bonding of the resin are oxidized to ozone stable, non-polluting substances by UV radiation. 3. A process according to claim 1, wherein the process water used in the production process dissolves organic calcium salts which bind the combustion products of the sulfur present in the feedstock so that they remain chemically stable in the slag and thus do not pollute the environment.